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托福听力做笔记技巧训练方法讲解

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托福听力做笔记技巧训练方法讲解

篇1:托福听力做笔记技巧训练方法讲解

1. 训练托福听力做笔记技巧的第一步是听写,也叫听抄。具体来说,也就是在听素材的时候将大意记下。强调一下,一开始只要记大意即可。大家可以先从一句一句慢慢来,等后面熟练了再开始逐渐增多听写内容。做完后对照文本看看有什么缺漏,或者按照大意将内容复述一下还可以顺便练习托福口语。听写的材料有很多,比如Scientific American 60 Second Science,各种托福听力的辅导教材和听力练习资料等等都是不错的选择。

2. 在做练习的时候,考生对于自己所做的笔记不是记完或做完题目就算的,要有一个效果反馈的过程。在对完答案后,大家要针对自己不确定的答案和没有记录的得分点信息参照原文找出相关内容。通过对照自己的笔记,考生可以找出自己没有听出来的信息点并分析具体原因:是没有注意到提示词?还是由于着急写了前面没用的东西而漏记了有用的?这一点在做带有原文的听力素材的时候最方便了,因为可以参照原文找出所有得分信息。这样练习多了,考生听信息点的敏感度自然就会提升很多。

3. 针对听写时单词拼写速度过慢的问题。小编建议浪费宝贵的时间在纸上的同学去做另一项听抄练习。现在市面上的托福单词书大都附有CD,大家可以试着在背单词的同时听着单词的音频,然后跟着它读的速度把单词写下来,保证尽量拼写正确。这样记单词和练习写英文的速度一举两得。当然,有很多同学在平时背单词的时候就习惯不断在纸上边写边背,这一定程度上也可以加快写字的速度。

篇2:托福听力做笔记技巧训练方法讲解

1. 不是听写下许多许多内容就可以捉到得分点。有很多人都经历过记了一大堆东西后,发现还是做不对题目,因为得分点的信息往往在记其他无用的东西时被忽略了。这就是把握信息点的问题。关键的问题还是提高记笔记的效能,而不是效率。提高的方法前面已经说过了。一位考生成功练好托福听力做笔记技巧的标志就是到最后记的越来越少,但是正确率越来越高。

2. 不要一听到听力素材中开始讲话就赶紧去记录。ETS没有那么笨,每题都是先提示important,for example,然后在说答案。有时是先说一大堆没什么用的开场白废话,然后再转正题,有些时候是先说了内容,再来个This is...,提示得分点。所以听的时候要注意内容和主题的密切度,当内容不确定有没有用的时候先记录下部分关键词,并且大脑要有个大致的印象它讲了什么,实在不够时间等后来再补上。

3. 做笔记重点在于自己能看懂而不是卷面是否工整。大家做笔记的时候只要能确保自己看得懂找得到细节就足够了,完全可以按自己的思路来做记号和写单词,不完整不正确一点关系都没有。托福听力考试的时间非常宝贵,在不影响自己阅读理解的前提下还请尽量提升记笔记的效率,把更多时间留着去听之后的的内容才是真正高效的做法。

4. 谨慎地查看和使用记录的笔记,特别是只写下只言片语的地方。记住,就算你记对了,也不代表你能选对答案。听力大忌之一是看到选项有与原文相同的字眼就选那个。有人说托福听力迷惑性大,小编认为这是因为选项往往是原文的同义改写,即paraphasing,要真正理解了才能选对。所以在查看笔记的时候也需要结合理解来解题。

托福听力练习:地衣含有三种以上成分

Lichens. They're probably the most common example of two organisms living in a symbiotic relationship. There's a fungus and a photosynthesizing partner, like algae. It's a bond that was born, as they say, when “Alice Algae,” took a “lichen” to “Freddie Fungus.”

But that simple description covered up a larger mystery: how could two different lichen species combine the same building blocks—same fungus, same algae—“and yet they look very different, have very different chemistry, and some of them even have distinctly different ecology.”

Toby Spribille, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Montana, and the University of Graz in Austria.

He and his colleagues studied two lichen species that fit that bill. Same underlying parts, different color and chemistry. They ground the lichens up, and then analyzed their RNA. What they expected to find was two genomes: one fungus, one alga. “And what we found is that, at the end of a lot of analysis, we had was three genomes, not two.And this was really surprising.”

The third genome was from a type of yeast. And the more yeast was present, the more yellowish—and more toxic—the lichen was. The study appears in the journal Science.

But how could scientists spend so many years studying these lichens—and still miss this crucial third species? Spribille says it could have been the type of genetic sequencing. Previous studies relied on DNA barcodes, which only sample some of the genome, to identify the underlying fungus and alga. Sort of like identifying the occupants of a completely dark room by shouting out a few names and seeing who answers.

What Spribille did, instead, was just turn all the lights on, with whole genome sequencing, revealing the identity of all occupants, and in doing so, “we eliminated anything that required going in and calling out somebody's name so to speak.”

As for whether some lichens might have four, five species? “I certainly wouldn't rule it out at this point.” Because this study indicates lichens are truly more than the sum of their parts. Including, of course, the parts we still don't know about.

地衣可能是两种生物以共生关系存在的最常见例子。地衣由1种真菌和1种光合生物(如藻类)组成。这种联系是固有的,就像他们说的,“爱丽丝藻类”和“弗雷迪真菌”共生形成地衣。

但是这种简单的描述掩盖了一个更深奥的秘密:两种不同的地衣物种如何结合同样的成分——即同样的真菌和同样的藻类,“而且,它们看上去非常不同,它们的化学成分也不同,有些地衣甚至有着明显不同的生态。””

托比·斯普利比尔是蒙大拿大学和奥地利格拉茨大学的进化生物学家。

他和同事对符合上述条件的两种地衣进行了研究。这两种地衣的基本成分相同,但颜色和化学成分不同。他们将地衣磨碎,然后分析了它们的核糖核酸。他们原以为会发现两个基因组:一个是真菌,另一个是藻类。“但最后,在进行大量分析以后,我们发现的是三个基因组,而不是两个。这真是太让人惊讶了。”

第三个基因组来自于一种酵母。酵母的含量越多,地衣颜色越黄,毒性也越强。这项研究发表在《科学》杂志上。

但是,科学家们怎么会在研究地衣多年后仍未发现这至关重要的第三物种?斯普利比尔表示,可能是由于基因测序的方法不一样。此前的研究依赖于DNA条形码,只是对这一基因组中的一部分进行抽样调查,用以确认潜在的真菌和藻类。这就好像在一间完全黑暗的房间里,通过喊出几个名字,看看谁作出回答,来确定居住者身份。

而斯普利比尔的做法是,打开房间内所有的灯,通过全基因组测序来揭示所有居住者的身份,并且通过这种方法,“可以说,我们不需要进入房间喊出某人的名字。”

至于是否有地衣含有第四或第五种成分?“现在我不能完全排除这一可能性。”因为这项研究表明,地衣不仅仅是各部分的单纯相加。还包括我们目前尚不知道的成分。

重点讲解:

1. cover up 隐藏,遮掩(事实);

例句:He suspects there's a conspiracy to cover up the crime.

他怀疑有人密谋掩盖犯罪事实。

2. grind up 磨碎;碾碎;将…磨成粉;

例句:We grind up the wheat to make flour.

我们把小麦磨成面粉。

3. rely on 依赖;依靠;

例句:We must rely on ourselves, no other option.

我们必须依靠自己,没有其他选择.

4. shout out 大声说出;大声喊出;

例句:When I call your name, shout out so that we know you're here.

当我叫到你的名字时请大声响应, 以便大家知道你来了。

5. turn on 打开(设备);接通(…的供应);

例句:I want to turn on the television.

我想开电视。

6. so to speak 可以说;可谓;

例句:But for young people it presents an opportunity to follow the sun, so to speak.

但对年轻人来说,却可以说是追寻生活乐趣的良机。

7. rule out 排除;不予考虑;

例句:I think we can rule out the possibility of objection to us.

我认为我们可以排除有人反对我们的可能性。

2020托福听力练习:选民不会背竞选演讲所影响

Donald Trump hasn't been running the most traditional campaign. And it's not just the unfiltered tweets. “He's neglecting campaigning full stop.” Thomas Wood, an assistant professor of political science at Ohio State. “He's had about half as many public events as his opponent.”

Wood's own campaign experience was with the Romney/Ryan ticket back in . Every night, the campaign surveyed thousands of voters... 64,000 over all... asking them how they felt about the politicians, after a local visit. That is, if the voters actually knew about the visit.

“Instead of seeing candidate X visiting somewhere in Pensacola they're now seeing candidate X visit somewhere in their local market. And it's not really filtering through to that many folks that the visit was there—you know one event sort of looks like the other. They all sort of blend into each other. It's hard to make it clear to the person who's just watching the evening news that this was a visit in your local marketplace.”

In other words, visits didn't even register for most locals or those in adjacent markets. And the voters' opinions of the candidates went up just a measly couple percent after local visits—before fading back to baseline a few days later. So despite the huge investment of time and money, the local campaign stops were pretty worthless—at least from a numbers standpoint. The findings are in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

As for this election season—any advice for the noncampaigning candidate? “I would provide advice that has nothing to do with his frequency of visits. I'd be providing advice as to how one comports oneself with the national press, try to earn some goodwill. I guess just being polite. I would say that Trump's sort of lethargic process of campaigning is probably the least of his worries.” Better, he says, to just spend more time fundraising. To throw more cash at things that really work: like get-out-the-vote campaigns, and ads. Then again…Twitter's free.

唐纳德·特朗普没有用最传统的竞选方法组织竞选活动。这并不是仅指他未经过滤的推文。“他完全忽视了这是总统竞选演讲。”托马斯·伍德是俄亥俄州立大学政治学的助理教授。“特朗普的公共活动只有其对手的一半。”

伍德曾在跟随罗姆尼和瑞安的竞选团队进行竞选活动。当时,竞选团队每天晚上都要调查数千名选民,调查人数可能高达6.4万人,在政治家走访当地后询问选民对他们的看法。前提是选民知道当地的竞选活动。

“某位候选人没有前往彭萨科拉的某个地方,而是去到当地的市场。对许多人来说,去哪里访问都一样,因为竞选活动看起来差不多。这些活动会互相融合。对正在看晚间新闻的人来说,很难弄清楚新闻里的人正在当地市场进行访问。”

换言之,对大多数当地人或是临近市场的大多数居民来说,这些访问并没有记录。在当地访问结束后,选民对候选人的意见只会带来可怜的几个百分点的上涨,而几天后支持率又会退回到基准线。所以,尽管投入了大量的资金和时间,地方竞选活动其实并没有什么价值——至少从数据来看可以这么说。该研究结果发表在《美国政治和社会科学学院年报》上。

就今年的竞选季来说,对没有进行竞选活动的候选人有什么建议?“我提供的建议可能与他们的竞选频率没有任何关系。我的建议是:候选人若想让自己的形象同国家新闻报道的相一致,那就努力去获得信誉。我认为候选人要有礼貌。我想说,特朗普有些昏沉的竞选过程可能是他最不担心的。”他说,最好将更多时间花费在筹集资金上。将钱用到真正有用的地方:比如动员投票活动、广告等。当然还有免费的推特。

重点讲解:

1. instead of 代替…;而不是…;

例句:He should have shot instead of passing.

他本该射门,不该传球。

2. blend into 融入;与…融为一体;与…协调;

例句:I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion.

我试图融入人群中,但很明显我的穿着不适合这种场合。

3. in other words 换言之;换句话说;也就是说;

例句:In other words, the quality of the candidates was the decisive factor.

换言之,人才是最后的决定因素。

4. as for 至于…;

例句:As for his moral character, he is also praiseworthy.

至于他的品德,也是值得称赞的。

篇3:托福听力做笔记技巧讲解

在讲授托福听力笔记的方法时,老师一定一开始就会告诉你:记关键词是最基本的技巧。

所谓关键词一般是指一些重要的实词,比如说名词、动词、形容词和否定词。

然而这里真正需要注意的是:我们要先听懂这个句子,然后立刻同步分析并捕捉住哪个词是这个句子里最重要的信息。做这个的目的是用关键词来帮助你在做题时回忆起整个句子。

篇4:托福听力做笔记技巧讲解

举个例子,下面的对话中,学生向老师询问怎样写报道,老师快速地说出了一连串意见,这里就很可能出多选题。这时我们就需要在笔记中体现所有的意见。

那么我们该记哪些词?

Student: Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story?

Advisor: Well, Max will want to talk to you but I am sure he will tell you to find out things like why the physics department's worried about enrollment? Has the number of students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans are they considering to address this problem?

如果用上刚刚所说的方法,上面对话中画线部分的具体意见你需要记下来的词汇应该是这样:worried? No.stu? how? plan?

托福听力考试战术

一、黑白循环记忆法

黑白循环记忆法的核心意义是通过对大纲规定的词汇进行分类,找出记忆重点,排除非核心词汇的干扰,通过对不同级别单词的先后记忆,最终达到全部掌握单词的目的。

本记忆法规定,如果考生对某一单词,能说出它的所有汉语意思和用法,那么本单词对他来说就是白词。如果能说出它的部分意思,就把定义为灰词;如果不能够说出它的任何意思和用法,就把她定义为黑词。

记忆的顺序是先记忆灰词,将全部灰词转化为白词。消灭了灰词后,就开始记忆黑词,经过一段时间的记忆,一部分黑词就可能转化为白词,另一部分变成了灰词。在以后的记忆中,黑词不断地变为灰词,灰词不断地变成白词,最终所有词汇都变成白词。这是第一层面上的循环。

另一个层次上的循环是,在记忆灰词和黑词时,可以将单词按一定的标准分组,规定第一天记忆第一组,第二天记忆第二组,第三天记忆第三组,复习第一组,第四天记第四组复习第二组,依次循环,达到边记忆边复习的目的。

这种单词记忆的好处是学习者始终知道自己的学习任务和学习效果。有关黑白词汇的记忆的具体方法,大家可以参看我们的《大学英语词汇黑白记忆法》。

二、词根、词缀记忆法

黑白循环记忆法解决的是四级词汇的宏观记忆方法,而词根词缀记忆法解决的是词汇微观记忆问题。它的特点是充分利用单词的构词规律,通过掌握一组单词的共同词根或词缀,达到成串记忆单词的目的。比如知道able,abil 的意思是capable能,就可以知道able,enable,unable,ability,capable等都是和能力和才干有关系的;如果知道act=to do,to drive做,干,驱动那么记忆act,action,actor,ctress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction等就非常简单了。 知道了part=to separate的意思是分离,分开更可以记住一长串单词:parcel,park,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,depart,part,partion 。类似的词根还有很多。在这里我们仅举几例,有关大学英语的词根,词缀记忆的方法,大家可以参看我们的《大学英语词汇词根、词缀记忆法》一书。 advan=forward在前,向前;add=to put to加上;aer=air,space空气,天空,太空;ag=to do,to move,to conduct做,搅动

托福听力:补充习语

电影

aisle seat--过道旁的座位

go to the movies/go to a movie(冠词不可少)

row--排

音乐

receive a standing ovation

成语

like peas and carrots--形影不离

I’ll miss you twenty-four seven.(24 hours and 7 day)

Break one’s leg--大获全胜

With flying colors--大获全胜

Leave sth. well alone/leave it at that不要画蛇添足

人际

gang up on sth.联合起来对付某人

--They always gang up on me.

Quite a person = somebody--是个人物Come to the point--进入正题

Gild the lily.--多此一举

Get out of the wrong side of the bed.--发脾气

Go to bed with chickens--规律地睡眠

Since you make your bed, you must lie on it.

--= take one’s medicine--自食其果

have a word with sb. about sth.--讨论问题

have words with sb. about sth. --吵架

I’d never get enough of it.--玩不够

I’ve got enough of it.--受够了

Don’t get me wrong.--别误会我

Don’t get on my nerve.--别惹我心烦

What a nerve--真不要脸

I don’t have a nerve(heart).--没有勇气

Spend money like water.

Head over heels in love with sb.--拜倒在…

--A good life is imspired by love and guided by knowledge.

I was born in a dradon year.出生在龙年

请客

this is my treat.

Let me treat you to sth.

Let me pay the bill.

The bill is on me.

Go dutch--aa制

Spilt the check.

篇5:托福听力做笔记2大技巧讲解

托福听力做笔记必备2大技巧讲解 记不到重点信息的快来看

托福听力记笔记正确思路一:以听为主

关于这一点,请你明确笔记的作用。在你听得差不多而且笔记模式不是乱记的情况下,笔记作用在于再一次帮你梳理重点。那么很多时候你根本用不着回去找笔记。在你听得很烂再加上笔记烂的情况下,那么恭喜你,如果笔记有作用,它仅限于你找到大概对应的地方看自己记了哪几个词,然后成功选择出现这几个原词的错误选项。或者更有可能,那一坨笔记你想用也用不上,只能凭感觉乱蒙选项。

托福听力记笔记正确思路二:记录要说明的意思,而不是听到的词

举个例子,“他很丑,可是他很温柔,不过他实在太丑了,可我爸妈非要逼我,不过我实在太注重颜值了啊,可是最后想想自己年纪这么大,算了吧”。意思是什么? 和他在一起好了,对吧,如果写笔记,那就写“在一起”,最好再加个委曲求全不情愿的表情。假如写听到的词,难道写“算了吧”??

下面以官方真题Official24L1crocodilevocalization为例,文章讲鳄鱼发声的几个原因。第二个原因是鳄鱼宝宝会向妈妈发出叫声,让妈妈注意到自己从而保证安全。其中一段师生问答如下:

Excuse me. But,um... does all that crying defeat the purpose? I mean, doesn't it attract morepredators?

Hmm...goodquestion. I guess, I am guessing that once the babies have the mother'sattention, they are safe. She's never too far away, and, and I think....I mean,would you mess with a mother crocodile?

学生担心宝宝叫唤可能会引来更多捕食者。老师说只要妈妈关注到孩子了,他们就安全了,妈妈一直在附近,而且没有动物会惹毛妈妈。老师想表达的意思是什么,是不会吸引更多捕食者!笔记上记什么,学生问题记上箭头+predator,老师回答记叉号!!不管老师回答这些,还是回答”捕食者不敢过来的啊 妈妈护犊子心很强的 鳄鱼妈妈怎么可能让自己孩子处于危险里谁敢搞死她孩子她就搞死谁…“,意思全!部!都!一!样!

此时请你想象下,如果一个人的笔记上写了“attention safe never far Xmess with”,这是一个多么没有重点没有逻辑的笔记!

托福听力练习对照文本

Community service is an important component of education here at our university.

在我们大学这里,社区服务是教育的一个重要组成部分

We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate.

我们鼓励所有的学生志愿参加至少一次社区活动在他们毕业前

A new community program called “One On One” helps elementary students who've fallen behind.

一个新的社区计划,叫做“一对一”,帮助落后的小学生

You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English.

你们教育专业的可能对此尤其感兴趣,因为它提供了教学的机会,也就是说,辅导数学和英语

You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both.

你们必须在一学期内每周志愿服务两个小时。你可以选择帮助一个孩子的数学、英语或两个都帮。

Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week.

半个小时的课程就好,所以你可以每项做半个小时, 一周做两天。

Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors---he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities.

Dodge教授会担任家教们的辅导者,他将能够帮你做授课计划或者提供活动的建议

He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon.

他每周二、四的下午有工作时间。

You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week.

你可以在他那儿报名参加计划,并且下周开始家教

I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time.

我相信你将会享受这个社区服务,同时你将获得有价值的经验

It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community.

这个也会在你的履历上看起来很好,显示你有孩子方面的经验,同时你很关心你的社区。

If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.

如果你想报名参加,或者你有任何问题,这周拜访一下Dodge教授的办公室。

托福听力练习对照文本

I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today.

我希望你们都已经读完了保险上的指定章节,所以你们已经准备好了咱们今天的讨论。

But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into.

但是,在我们开始之前,我想提及一些你们课本上没有探究的事

It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time.

值得注意的是,保险已经以某种形式存在了很长一段时间

The earliest insurance policies were what we are called bottomry(use boats as mortgage) contracts.

最早的保险契约被我们称作压船借款合同

They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C.

他们早在公元前30就为商人提供了海运保护

In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements.

一般来说,这些合同通常也不过是口头协议

They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid.

他们发放贷款给商人,带着这样的谅解:如果一船特定的货物损失在海上,贷款不必偿还。

Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods.

贷款的利息的变化取决于运送货物的风险程度

During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably.

在海上盗贼严重的时期,举例来说,利息的数量和保单的代价上升的相当之高。

So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade.

所以,你能看到保险是如何帮助并激励国际贸易的

Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available.

即使最谨慎的商人也变得愿意冒险去长距离运送他们的货物,更不用说在危险的天气条件下当他们能得到这种保护了。

Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages.

一般而言,保单的基本形式从中世纪以来基本上是一致的

There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today.

那时,有四点是突出的,并且至今在所有保单中依然是最重要的。

These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion.

这些被概述在第六章,并将作为今天讨论剩余部分的基础。

Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?

有人能告诉我这几点的其中之一可能是什么吗?

托福听力练习对照文本

Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer.

在在爱荷华美国国家航空航天局研究中心有一大桶5000加仑的水,在水槽内有一个水下跑步机,由Dava Newman,一个航空工程师设计。

For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt.

四年来,Newman观察了水肺潜水员们,他们在她的水下移动带上模拟在月球和火星上行走。(四年来,当水肺潜水员们在她设计的水下移动带上模拟月球和火星上行走时,Newman观察了他们。)

She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement.

她想要发现月球和火星的重力是如何影响人体运动的。

To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill.

为此,Newman附加了重量在潜水员身上并且把他们下放到水箱中的跑步机上。

These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill.

这些重量是仔细校准过的,所以潜水员们能够在水下体验月球和火星的重力,当他们行走在跑步机上时。(所以当他们走在跑步机上时,潜水员们能够在水下体验月球和火星的重力)

Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon.

Newman推断行走在火星上可能会比行走在月球上容易些

The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly.

月球比火星重力小,所以在月球的重力下,潜水员们要尽力保持他们的平衡并且步履蹒跚。

But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour.

但在火星的重力下,潜水员们有较大的抓地力和稳定性并且能够轻松适应1.5英里每小时的步速。

As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace.

当Newman逐渐增加跑步机速度的时候,潜水员们使用长一些,优雅的步伐,直到他们舒服的适应了一个甚至更快的步速。

Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits.

Newman也注意到在火星的重力下,潜水员需要较少的氧气。被Newman收集的数据将会在未来有助于火星宇航服的设计。

Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.

同月球的宇航服相比,火星的宇航服将会要求小一些的空气箱,并且,允许更加自由的运动,宇航服肘部和区域也将被改变

篇6:托福听力做笔记技巧经验

托福听力做笔记技巧经验分享 高分考生都是这么做记录的

托福听力做笔记不是记得越多越好

考生在做托福听力笔记的时候需要明白一个道理,那就是做笔记不是听写下许多内容就可以捉到得分点。有很多人记了一大堆东西后,发现还是做不对题目,因为得分点的信息往往在记其他无用的东西时被忽略了。这就是把握信息点的问题。关键的问题还是提高记笔记的效能,而不是效率。记笔记能力提升的表现并非越记越多,而是到最后记的越来越少,但是正确率越来越高。

做笔记要记重点内容

考生不要一听到教授开始讲话就赶紧去记录。ETS没有那么笨,每题都是先提示important,for example,然后再说答案。有时是先说一大堆无关内容,然后再转正题,有些时候是先说了内容,再来个This is...,提示得分点。所以听的时候大家要注意内容和主题的密切度,当内容不确定有没有用的时候先记录下部分关键词,并且大脑要有个大致的印象它讲了什么,实在不够时间等后来再补上。

做笔记重点在于自己能看懂过

做笔记要且只要自己看得懂就可以了。谁都知道笔记是不算分的,所以大家做笔记的时候就按自己的思路来做记号和写单词,不完整不正确一点关系都没有,只要自己看得懂。时间宝贵,留着去听下面的内容吧。当然如果考生连自己都看不懂自己写什么那还是需要纠正一下字迹或者代替符号的,否则就实在是太浪费时间了。

谨慎查看使用笔记内容

大家做题时都会按照笔记的内容来选择,但有时候考生在参考笔记时也需要谨慎一些,特别是只写下只言片语的地方。记住,就算你记对了,也不代表你能选对答案。听力大忌之一是看到选项有与原文相同的字眼就选那个。有人说现在托福的听力迷惑性越来越大,小编认为这是因为选项往往是原文的同义改写,即paraphasing,要真正理解了才能选对。所以在查看笔记的时候还请慎重小心为好。

托福听力记笔记的经验就分享到这里,做不好听力记不好笔记的同学不妨来看一下,相信本文内容会给你带来一些灵感和帮助。

托福听力:重要解题步骤

首先,最重要的一点是每一个同学都应该找到最适合自己的解题方法。根据指令的解题方法(即Part A, Part B, Part C之前的Directions所告诉考生的做题方法),那就是先听磁带,再读选项,最后选答案。这是美国人所希望的解题方法和步骤。根据这样的解题方法和步骤做题,可以反映出考生真实的英文水平。但这种做法恰恰又是最不适合中国考生的做法。原因很简单,我们的考生不擅长听,擅长读。而先听磁带的做法,正是用我们最没有优势的听力去攻克托福考试最坚固的堡垒Listening Comprehension,这无异于以卵击石,托福听力高分的想法必将化为泡影。怎么办?很简单。先读选项。事实上,这也是在托福机考之前考生还可以、也一定要充分利用的东西。托福听力的选项信息含量极大,通过迅速准确地阅读每一道题的选项,我们可以预测场景,我们可以预测内容。因此,在题与题之间的12秒间隔中,最需要做好的工作就是读选项,无论时间多么紧迫,你都应该挤出时间在磁带开始之前读选项。应该说这是最重要的工作,甚至比选答案还重要。因为选项读不好,答案必然选不对。

其次,我们应注意一套题考试难度的变化。每一套题难度变化都呈现出其规律性:一般1-15题较容易,15-25属中等难度,25-30题属于难题。随着题目难度的变化,考生应采取一些相应的对付方法。前十五题能够争取不错,中间十题力争不错,后五题尽可能少错。要想做到这一点,我们应当合理分配注意力,精神集中程度应不断加强。如能在实际操作中做到这一点,你将战无不胜。

再者,我们应当注意掌握每套题都要出现的题型。一般来讲,托福题中经常出现下列题型:

1) BUT题型。这类题型在托福题中层出不穷,基本每一套托福题中都会有三、四、五道不等,这类题型解题关键是努力听懂but 后面的东西,因为这个地方永远是考点。对一般考生而言,让他将所有的东西都听出来不大可能,因为实力不够。但若是让他听出其中的一点,那就没什么问题。而but 恰恰就是这样一个标志,听见but就该使劲了,一使劲问题也就解决了。试看几例:

a) Does this music bother your studying, Pam?

Actually I’m not studying any more, but I’m trying to sleep. (2000 年1月第23题)

b) Gee, Tom, I hear that you are working as a house painter this summer. It’s got to be awfully hot working up there on a ladder in the blazing sun all day.

Well, it’s hard work, but I get to be outdoors and the pay is decent. (2000 年1

月第9题)

c) I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.

I know what you mean. But check out the cost of renting an apartment first, I wouldn’t be surprised if you changed your mind. (2000 年1月第30题)

2) 对一般疑问句回答题型。该类题型在托福听力中不断涌现。一般疑问句在英文中又被叫作Yes or No question,这是因为对这类问题的回答只有两种可能性,要么是yes, 要么是no, 此外别无选择。在实际做题时,此类题型的解题方法和技巧非常简单,那就是如果你听不懂第二个人说的话,你就按照否定第一人的问题去回答,于是你就会得到正确的答案。我常举这样一例:

A: I need to see a dermatologist. You are familiar with Dr. Smith. Do you recommend her?

B: I have been seen by her a few times, and the best I can say for her is she has some interesting magazines in her waiting room.

此句是九五年八月改题之后的一套题的第三十题,事实证明这一点的确很难,要想解决该题,很多同学的实力都达不到。但如果你能运用该题型的技巧,也就是:在对一般疑问句进行回答时,第二人说的话听不懂,只要否定掉就可以的话,你仍然可以得到正确的答案。这种感觉真是让人喜出望外。看看这道题的四个选项,找一找这样的感觉吧!

讲了半天,可能同学还是没有认识到这个题型的重要性。事实上,这种题型还可以进一步推广,即当第一人除了说一个一般疑问句之外,还可以说出一个观点,一个建议,如果第二人说的话,你还是觉得不识庐山真面目时,不妨也采用这样的做题方法。

此类题型的例句举不胜举,再看几例,体会体会:

a) Did you meet the new teacher yesterday?

I’ve been sick for 3 days.

b) Have you read this month’s issue of Inquiry?

What journal is that?

c) Did you ask Shirley to go to the dance with you?

She is away at a conference until tomorrow.

d) Were you able to get your own locker at the Gym?

They’re temporarily out of them. I’ve to check again next week.

e) Do you think Janet will spend a week in the country with us?

Only if she can tear herself away from her books.

f) Should I buy this exercise record for Linda for her birthday?

She already has the cassette.

g) Will you come to my poetry reading next week?

I’ll be out of town then.

h) Have you heard who won the election?

I missed the news and haven’t had time to read the paper.

3) 语气题型。语气题型的重要性不需要我来强调,对托福有一定了解和认识的同学,自己一定有深刻的体会。一套托福题中,通常会出现一个纯粹的语气题。所谓纯粹的语气题,就是如若语气不能很好把握的话,一般来讲,做对这道题是有困难的。例如:

I’ve heard just one person got an A on the test. You!

All right!

此处,all right的语气如听不出来,会影响你的做题。考生可以对照磁带,仔细体会。再如:

I must admit that since I started the exercises I’ve been feeling less tired.

What did I tell you?

第二人特得意的语气绝对不可以听不出来。

此外重读的变化,也会影响整个句子的意思,试举两例说明:

He hasn’t seen his parents four years!

He hasn’t seen his parents for years!

黑体部分是重读的词,第一句的意思是“他已经四年没有看到他父母了”。而第二句是“他已经多年没有看到他父母了。”重读不一样,意思自然不一样。

托福听力里听到的东西永远是说出来的东西,事实上每一句话都是带有语气的。只不过有些语气不是很明显,你不容易察觉罢了。而一套托福听力题里总会有很多这样的题,它们本身有自己的考点,但如果同学能够很好地体会、掌握它们的语气的话,一定会在做题过程中收益匪浅。

4) 虚拟语气题型。又是一个托福??必有两至三道虚拟语气题型。在托福听力中,考生需掌握以下几种常见的虚拟语气:

a) I wish…

b) If only…

c) 由if 引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。

d) 由if 引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

e) 虚拟语气的省略形式。

该种题型的掌握在于同学对虚拟语气现象和实质的准确认识。建议同学在托福真题中找出每种类型的虚拟语气各三句,然后将它??系。

5)习语题型。托福听力中最常见的题型就是习语题型。托福听力是口语,而习语的大量涌现正是口语区别于书面语的重要特征。因此,托福听力中习语的重要性可想而知。拿出任何一套托福题稍加研究,你就会发现,每套托福题中都会有好几道习语题,通常有五、六、七、八道不等。而习语题的关键在于习语本身就是考点。一旦碰上你熟悉的习语,做对这道题则是十拿九稳。因此掌握习语也就成为同学实现托福听力突破的不二法门。但习语浩如烟海,如何才能掌握?建议同学参见笔者所著《托福听力习语必备》一书。

6) 同意反对题型。托福听力小对话题都是两人在对话,第一人说出的东西,往往需要第二人表达对前者所说出的东西的态度、观点和立场,因此总会涉及赞同还是反对。可以说同意还是不同意这两个概念是托福听力中最常表达的两个概念。对这两个概念的掌握情况,从某种意义来讲,也决定了你托福听力分数的高低。考生应对这两个概念的常见表达法认真掌握。这一点不需赘述,托福题中无数例句为证。

7) 谁使谁做题型。这种题型掌握起来简单至极,但其作用巨大。毫不夸张地讲,每一套托福题当中,至少有一道该种题型,而且可以这么讲,这是ETS永远不变的考点,所以今后的每一套托福题中,也不会少了这样的题型。掌握该题型的关键在下面的几类表达法:

第一类:(由一些小动词所构成的句型,具体说出动作的执行者)

get … (如Susan) to do something

ask … to do something

make …do something

let … do something

send … to do something

have … do something

第二类:(用someone else 和another person,而不具体说出由谁来做)

have someone else do something

have another person do something

第三类:

have something done

get something done

这三类句型是谁使谁做题的全部句型,掌握起来很容易,而句型本身就是考点。考生稍加注意,此类题型拿分自然不在话下。而这类题型对中国考生来讲,很是简单,一般中国考生都不出错,你自然也不可以出错。

8) 体现美国人思维方式的题型。美国人的思维方式有别于中国人的思维方式。他们总是直截了当,不拐弯抹角,这种思维方式也深刻地影响了托福听力理解。因此,解题过程中,对这种思维方式的重视是不可或缺的。思维方式对托福做题将产生怎样的影响呢?以下三例足以说明:

a) A: Since I didn’t even begin my project, I might not go to class today.

B: Are you kidding, that will only put you further behind.

b) A: I’m still waiting for the clerk to come back and make some copies to this paper for me.

B: Why bother him, I’ll show you how easy it is to work the machine.

c) A: I don’t know if I should take the early or late bus.

B: Does it matter. You don’t need to be back until midnight.

由这三个例题中,可以看出美国人的思维方式,他们表达观点总是非常直接。直截了当的表达方式使得他们说出来的前面的东西显得非常重要。事实上,很多时候,你抓住最前面的东西往往就能把这一题解出来。

9) 建议题型。建议作为一类题型提出是有道理的,一是在日常生活的交际过程当中,人们经常会用到建议。建议在托福听力中的地位亦不容轻视。因为一般来说,只要有建议就是考点。这在新题当中显得尤为重要。当新题变得越来越长,考生越来越无所适从,不知道该抓哪一部分时,建议出现了,迷茫之中的考生就如同看见了灯塔一样。

表达建议的方式多种多样,同学要对所有这类表达法熟悉起来。看一看下面的建议表达法你是否熟悉:

Is there anything wrong with right now?

Would four o’clock be all right?

Wouldn’t it be easier if we just took a taxi?

Will Friday do?

What if we collect some shells after lunch

How about the whole week?

10) 暗示题和推论题:这类题的问题永远是what does the man/woman imply? What can be inferred from the conversation?这种题型在新题当中出现很多,而且有越来越多的趋势。九五年八月改题之后,一开始是六七题,后来到89题,再后来就变成了十五题。几乎占到一半。这类题往往是难度较大的题,我们的考生出问题主要也是在这些题里。这些题的难度大,我呢?无法化解这些题的难题,但是这些题做题有一个不是办法的办法。而这种办法的命中率还是相当的高。Part A当中的一个总是技巧是听见什么不选什么,这个技巧在这个题型当中,可以得到充分的运用。事实上,这个技巧在这种题型中可以得到登峰造极的体现。为什么?道理很简单,因为是暗示题是推论题,因此他的意思不是说出来的,是暗示出来的,是推论出来的。因此有原词的选项就必然不是正确的选项。事实上,这个技巧对实力不好的同学来讲,在每一套题中都可以得到运用,而且有相当的准确率。

托福听力:考试重点练习

例1:OG第三版第160页

Professor

Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. …Anyway, I’ll do my best to have them finished by the next time we meet.

OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers. In particular, we talked about cotton fibers, which we said were very useful, not only in the textile industry, but also in the chemical industry…. Today, we’ll continue talking about useful fibers, and we’ll begin with a fiber that’s commonly known as “Manila hemp.”

What aspect of manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly describe in the lecture?

A.Similarities between cotton fibers and manila hemp fibers

B.Various types of manila hemp fibers

C.The economic importance of manila hemp fibers

D.A use of manila hemp fibers

此文中说话人主要分析了manila hemp的特征及用途,D选项是正确答案,对应原文中的语言we’ll continue talking about useful fibers。

文章干扰:在提到主旨之前,教授,即说话人,用较长篇幅交代为什么没能完成批改学生的作业,并向学生道歉;之后又简单复述了上次课中讲的内容,即cotton fiber,这就导致主旨内容后移。上下文控制能力较差的同学在听力过程中会不知不觉走神,解题时要判断哪一项才是说话人的真实目的,就会感觉颇有难度。

选项干扰:文章开头首先提到A选项中的cotton fiber,但cotton fiber是教授上次课程的内容。考生需要了解的是,复述上次课程内容是教授常用的引入手段。听力时重点需要记住的是此次课程的主要内容。再加上后面的论述中,教授没有再提到cotton fiber,因此这应该是一个细节,和主旨无关。B,C选项中虽然都有主旨关键词manila hemp fiber,但是文章中并没有对manila hemp fiber分类,所以排除B选项;而C选项中的economic importance应该是在介绍了manila hemp fiber的好处之后得出的推断性结论,不是教授授课的主要目的。

例2:OG第三版第262页

Professor

So, I wanted to discuss a few other terms here… actually, some, uh some ideas about how we manage our resources.

What is the talk mainly about?

A.A common method of managing water supplies

B.The formation of underground water systems

C.Natural processes that renew water supplies

D.Maintaining the purity of underground water systems

文章中主要讨论了如何科学的使用地下水资源,达到环保的目的,教授第一句话简洁明了的交代了授课目的,选择A选项。

文章干扰:本文的逻辑在于,通过对比论证突出主要概念。考生在判断何为“主要概念”时会感到较大困扰。以本文为例,在后面的叙述当中,教授对比讨论了两种水资源处理方式,safe yield及sustainable,最后得出的结论是sustainable是一种更加科学和长久的方式,而safe yield是一种已被废弃的水资源处理方式。所以对于safe yield的介绍不过是为了强调sustainable的优点。不少考生对A选项中的a common method产生疑问,认为应该是two common methods,这种想法实际上体现了逻辑判断的错误。

选项干扰:B,C,D选项中的部分字句在听力材料中都有被提及过,但都只是部分涉及的内容,不是教授讲解的主要目的。

由这两道例题可以得出结论,主旨题文章干扰的主要形式有两种:一是“主旨后移”。说话人提到Last time we talked about…. Today we’ll continue talking about…,这是最常见的主旨后移形式,考生在听力时只要稍加注意,就能解决这个问题。二是“主旨转移”。说话人通过一定的论证方式来进行展开,此时就需要考生在主要目的和次要目的之间进行一定的判断,这就需要考生展现出较强的听力实力和逻辑分析能力。而选项干扰的主要形式是“偷换概念”,即将听力材料中出现的部分字句编入选项中,达到混淆的目的。因此,考生选择时需要通观全文,不能只见树木,不见森林。

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