托福阅读练习方法解析
“山茱萸木”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇托福阅读练习方法解析，以下是小编为大家整理后的托福阅读练习方法解析，欢迎参阅，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
篇1：托福阅读练习方法解析
托福阅读练习方法解析丨卡时间、整错题并细读文章
一.20分钟内完成一篇阅读
要求自己在20分钟之内完成一篇文章。期间排除环境干扰，一切都模拟真实考试环境，目的是为了在考试前对真实考试的压力和精力需求有直接的体验。
二.及时归纳整理错题
做完题之后还要对题目进行剖析，错误选项为什么错，正确选项为什么对。在这个环节要注意分析自己喜欢错哪个类型的题目，并进行总结。同时，把错题和错题所对应的段落复制到错题文档中。
三.细读文章
这是真正能够提高阅读能力的环节。回到原文之中，逐句逐词读文章，遇到每一个自己不认识的单词都查一下，并且结合文章内容，把它背诵下来。每个意思不确定的词组，也要通过一切手段搞懂。在单词和词组的基础之上，搞懂文章每一句话的意思、每个段落的内部逻辑、段落之间的关系和文章的构成。
托福作为一个标准化的考试，它的考点以及文章构造的方式总是固定的。而逻辑的展开方式，无非也就是因果、并列、递进、转折、让步那么几种。我们需要做的无非是多遍熟悉文章的写作和构建方式，之后在考试中，看到一个段落能够对段落的构建方式有准确的预判和把握。这是提高对篇章把握能力的有效方法。
四.利用译文找出不理解的地方
这个步骤无非是一边读英文，一边核对中文，看看自己对于每一句话的理解是否得当。因为我们保不准会出现这样的情况：一开始以为自己读懂了，其实却是一个错误的理解。这种情况比完全没读懂还要可怕，因为它把问题隐藏了。
大家在刚开始做托福阅读的时候容易只追求正确率忽略做题时间，而且做完题目后还会忽略掉分析错误细读文章的环节。如果大家备考中有这样的陋习，希望上文中的练习方法能帮助大家更好地备考阅读。
托福阅读词汇实践出真知
有些人在复习托福阅读一开始就抱着词汇书背，我认为那样做背起来特别容易忘，而且还到实际中还不知道怎么用。其实不妨这样做，那一开始就做真题，就像摸考一样，然后在对答案的时候，遇到的不懂得单词，再看那些跟着每一套阅读真题的单词(有一些书就是跟着每套题的单词，全篇翻译都有的)，这时候再背单词，做一套，背一套，大概这样做上4、5套题，你的感觉就是，大体主要的单词也就是这些了，那你就提高到一个境界了。
而且复习托福阅读真题让你对真题书而有熟，是一举几得的事。我就是这么做的，是清华的一个家伙介绍给我的，真是不错，现在大概复习有1个多月了，错题数能控制在2个以内。当然另外，还要注意一点，那就是一个阅读的方法问题，我也想说一下，希望对大家有用。
托福阅读备考的方法
其实快速阅读的技巧在掌握文章的思路，使整篇文章的段落层次，清晰在大脑中展现。
在读第一段时，特别是第一句，往往给我们一个大致的思路，文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么?然后第二段的第一句，然后在想一想作者下面又想讲什么，这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。然后第三段，又讲了什么，这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来，每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?这样，在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图 ，在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章大意，它的思路和主题。
再次提醒，TOEFL考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
答题。根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。因为你这样做完，你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰，做题的时候，就可以很快找到出题点，而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出，主题词就会显得格外明显。而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以，大家不妨试试，就会明白了。
需要注意的是，复习的时候，一定要看原文章，将文章通读，遇到忘了的单词，在重新回来查书上的解释，然后再背。这样背过的单词就不再是一个个孤立的单 词，而且也省去了枯燥背单词的时间，更主要的是，这样背过的单词，你会对这个词的用法很熟悉，不容易忘，或者就像有些人所说的，明明在单词表里觉得挺熟的 词，到了真正的阅读中，又会觉得很生疏，或者不能立刻反映出它的意思了。
托福阅读备考时大家要在做托福阅读真题的同时理解背诵单词，这样才能进一步加强托福阅读学习的质量，希望对大家有帮助。
提高托福阅读答对率有技巧
一、新托福阅读的新题型重点考察句子间的关系
在托福阅读中有那么一个段落，其中有4 个框框，他代表你在题干中的那句话可以拖入这个里面来，做题的方法是：第一步一定要优先阅读题干中要被拖入到原文的那句话。第二步找要被代入原文那句话当中的关键字和要点。因为我们知道，如果要把一句话代入到原文当中，这句话肯定和原文有很强的关联性。
然后我们找的是要被代入原文那句话中的关联词，这有很多，比方说一旦看到“因为”，前面讲的就可能是原因，因为这个结果后面有一个情况;再比如你看到THUS，通常表示结果，那么正确选项在第一个空和第二个空的可能性不是很大，在第三个空和第四个空的可能性比较大，因为它表示结果，基本都在比较靠后的位置;比如我们看到in contrast，跟前面正好是相反的，所以说这些关键词特别重要，从一定意义上来讲是我们做这种题型成败的关键。
我们要找逻辑关系，你要代入这句话的话，跟前面或者后面的话肯定有一种逻辑关系在里面，到底前后是转折还是递进还是表示结果还是什么样的关系，这是我们的情况。一般来说，多数中国同学做这个题还是比较容易的，我建议大家在备考的时候大量练习此类题目的做法。
二、多选题的关键在于题干
iBT的听力和阅读的多选题应该如何把握?这也确实是中国同学比较容易错的一个地方，新托福iBT中的多选题是这样的，即一部分题型，每道题当中都有几个选项是正确选项，也就是我们说的多选题。比如说，阅读题最后一道题一般都是多选题，多选题分两类，一类叫图表题，给你一个图表，让你6选3或者 8选4。第二类叫文章内容小节题，文章内容概述题，什么意思呢?先给你一句话，这句话就是这篇文章的中心思想，请问下面哪几个选项中反映了这篇文章的中心思想。
这样的话，这个题目是我们的第二个问法，这是阅读中我们最常见的两种多选题，这种题同学们不要有畏惧心理，因为这类题目分值也比较高，一般是2 分或3分。我们即使答错一个空，3分题还会拿到两分，不会给你扣掉所有的分。
第二，这个问题是基于你之前问题的答案的基础上，当你把之前其他的问题都答完了，你整个的这篇文章读的也很好了，再做这个题的话，基本上问题不大了。只要别错太多，这种题多少都会有分的。第三，这类题目的数量比较少。所以我们做这个题要特别的细心，做这个题的关键在于对这道题题干中的那句话的理解，因为这句话就是文章的概述，基本上下面的答案都是符合这句话的，或和这句话有关联点的，跟这句话扯得太远的一般就是错误选项，所以要求我们特别细心，越细心越好。
托福阅读词汇实践出高分
托福阅读复习其实并不只有做题，大家在托福阅读备考时还要结合背单词进行，托福阅读词汇实践出真知，我们一起来看看具体内容。
有些人在复习托福阅读一开始就抱着词汇书背，我认为那样做背起来特别容易忘，而且还到实际中还不知道怎么用。其实不妨这样做，那一开始就做真题，就像摸考一样，然后在对答案的时候，遇到的不懂得单词，再看那些跟着每一套阅读真题的单词(有一些书就是跟着每套题的单词，全篇翻译都有的)，这时候再背单词，做一套，背一套，大概这样做上4、5套题，你的感觉就是，大体主要的单词也就是这些了，那你就提高到一个境界了。
而且复习托福阅读真题让你对真题书而有熟，是一举几得的事。我就是这么做的，是清华的一个家伙介绍给我的，真是不错，现在大概复习有1个多月了，错题数能控制在2个以内。当然另外，还要注意一点，那就是一个阅读的方法问题，我也想说一下，希望对大家有用。
托福阅读备考的方法
其实快速阅读的技巧在掌握文章的思路，使整篇文章的段落层次，清晰在大脑中展现。
在读第一段时，特别是第一句，往往给我们一个大致的思路，文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么?然后第二段的第一句，然后在想一想作者下面又想讲什么，这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。然后第三段，又讲了什么，这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来，每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?这样，在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图 ，在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章大意，它的思路和主题。
再次提醒，TOEFL考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
答题。根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。因为你这样做完，你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰，做题的时候，就可以很快找到出题点，而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出，主题词就会显得格外明显。而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以，大家不妨试试，就会明白了。
需要注意的是，复习的时候，一定要看原文章，将文章通读，遇到忘了的单词，在重新回来查书上的解释，然后再背。这样背过的单词就不再是一个个孤立的单 词，而且也省去了枯燥背单词的时间，更主要的是，这样背过的单词，你会对这个词的用法很熟悉，不容易忘，或者就像有些人所说的，明明在单词表里觉得挺熟的 词，到了真正的阅读中，又会觉得很生疏，或者不能立刻反映出它的意思了。
托福阅读备考时大家要在做托福阅读真题的同时理解背诵单词，这样才能进一步加强托福阅读学习的质量，希望对大家有帮助。
篇2：托福阅读内容解析：阅读出题特点及练习方法
托福阅读内容解析：阅读出题特点及练习方法
一.托福阅读内容特点
1.新托福阅读考试的整体特点
题目大多为客观题，基本都可以在文章中找到答案的对应点。
新托福阅读的出题顺序和文章对应内容的顺序基本是一致的。
2.托福阅读具体套路
托福阅读文章中出现否定/转折句、因果句、举例句等逻辑关系比较明显的句子常考推断题或者插入文本题。
文章中出现含比较级和比喻的句子往往会考推断题。
文章中出现绝对性较大的词如must, all, only, never, always等;最高级词汇如highest, mostimportant等;同位语、插入语、举例句等，这些往往是出题的要点，一般考查细节性题目。
文章中出现并列、列举的信息，这些信息一般考细节性题目，尤其是否定排除题。该题型在题目的4个选项中有3个选项符合原文内容，只有一个选项不符合原文内容或者原文没有提到，题目便要求选出这个选项。这种题型只适合于考并列、列举信息。因此，考生们在答题过程中如果看到并列、列举信息就应该预想可能考否定排除题，或者遇到否定排除题时，在文章中定位信息时就应该注意找并列、列举信息。
文章每段的首尾句是特别重要的地方，因为英语中作者往往喜欢在段落的首尾句表达中心思想，或者进行总结综述。因此这些地方往往容易出主体性问题，如摘要题，细节性问题或者结构性问题。
二.托福阅读训练方法
1.如何做精读训练
词汇方面，扩大词汇量(8000个左右)，不仅要知道单词的汉语意思，还要掌握它的英语解释及其用法，尤其是单词在文章中的用法，有无特殊意义;熟练掌握猜测单词意思的技巧。
从语法和句型入手，提高长句短读的能力，对各种语法现象在思想表达方面的作用和相应的结构形式要熟悉。
从文章结构逻辑入手，理清作者思想发展的脉络，提炼各个段落的主题，清楚各个段落之间的关系，理解作者运用的事例和所阐述的问题观点之间的联系。
2.如何做泛读训练
选材要广泛，天文、地理、文化、历史、教育、艺术等内容都会在新托福阅读考题中涉及。推荐考生们多阅读《国家地理杂志》和《DISCOVERY》。
提高阅读速度，新托福阅读要求在20分钟内读完一篇650-750个单词的文章，因此考生的阅读速度必须提高。在阅读过程中，考生要按照意群去阅读，整篇文章一气呵成。
托福阅读：如何猜出生词的意思
托福考试涉及到的词汇量很大，在中遇到生词是在所难免的，如果不影响我们对托福阅读文章的理解，大家就可以不予理会，如果必须要弄清楚托福阅读中生词的意思，我们可以从这几方面来猜词汇的意思。
一、利用上下文线索猜测词义
1、根据同义、反义关系猜词
Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
traditional与liberal意思相反，故选B。
2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing
together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated
根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为“感到孤立”，故选D。
二、利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)
1、用前、后缀猜测词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有“超过、过于”之意，overwork意思是“工作过多，劳累过度”。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：
mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当
mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路
under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估
anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂
下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)
2、利用合成词猜测词义。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.
根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发)，set out-outset(名词起始)，come in-income(名词收入) 。
以上的几种托福阅读中猜词手法相信对同学们积累词汇、理解文章意思会有所帮助。英语学习应日积月累，希望在这次教大家猜词的过程中，大家更可以学会举一反三，懂得发现规律，寻找技巧，提高英语水平。
托福阅读：时间从哪里省出来
在托福阅读中，时间对考试成绩的影响很大，很多人就是因为在阅读考试的时候没有正确的分配时间而没有完成阅读题目，丢掉分数。那么我们要做才能节省时间呢?
很多托福考生都说，也许在托福阅读中，最影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求55分钟内做完50道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4，CET6，与高考也是有区别的，因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读，20题，而且这些考试都没有要求做完没门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候，十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制，有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。
这里给大家提供一种流传了很广的方法：
1 即先阅读文章的首段前4行，注意这里不是前2行，因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成，大多数中国学生只知道看完首句，然后他们就崩溃了，因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。
2 直接做题，然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题，跳过不做，放到最后来做，其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认，比如数字，大写字母，拼写十分怪异的单词等等，当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。
这样就可以在最大程度上节省托福阅读时间，给托福阅读题目留下尽量充足的思考时间，排除做不完阅读题目的现象发生了。
托福阅读之表格题解析
填表题在托福阅读考试题中是一个非常常见的题型。填表题有它自己的答题技巧，大家在做填表题的时候有哪些技巧是可以应用的呢?新东方网托福频道为大家整理了相关的信息，希望会对大家有所帮助。
做填表题的最核心的办法就是要简化选项。方法就是注意看选项中的核心名词。
表格题典型的文章有以下几种结构类型：
⑴ 对照-对比、
⑵ 问题-解决办法、
⑶ 原因-结果、
⑷论点切换(比如理论、假设)
错误选项的特征
⑴原文中没有提及的内容必为错误选项
⑵与原文观点相矛盾的内容必为错误选项
⑶原文中的细节内容必为错误选项。
正确选项的特征
⑴若某选项为某段核心内容(常为段首句)
⑵正确选项必与提示句主旨相关
正确答案体现了文章的主要观点和重要的支持性信息。通常这些答案不会和文章中具体的某一句话一致，它们更像是基于文中信息或对文中信息的转述而出现的抽象概念。对于那些能够记住或容易判断出相应信息位置的考生来说，正确答案是很容易确定的。
错误答案可能包含了文中没有提到的话题，或者与表格中所分类不直接相关的信息;它们同样可能是基于文中提出的信息做出的明显错误的推断或总结。
注意：错误的选项同样可能会含有与文章中的原词或原句相匹配或相似的词或短语。
这几种可以简化托福填表题选项的方法是根据考生们的实际经验总结出来的，大家可以放心应用
篇3：托福阅读练习及详细解析：ArtisansandIndustrialization
托福阅读练习及详细解析：Artisans and Industrialization
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.
The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily.The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines.” With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of setting up one's own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades' Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike_or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 185O’s, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
Paragraph 1: Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 181 5 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about articles manufactured before 1815?
○They were primarily produced by women.
○They were generally produced in shops rather than in homes.
○They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production.
○They were produced mostly in large cities with extensive transportation networks.
Paragraph 2: The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.
2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.
○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.
○ Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.
○ Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.
Paragraph 3: The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
3. The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Prolonged
○Established
○Followed
○Upset
Paragraph 4: The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines.” With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of setting up one's own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.
4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to
○Support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories
○To show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery
○Argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
○ Emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as consequences of the new system for workers EXCEPT a loss of
○Freedom
○Status in the community
○Opportunities for advancement
○Contact among workers who were not managers
Paragraph 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades' Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike_or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 185O’s, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
6. The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Made progress
○Became active
○Caused changes
○Combined forces
7. The word spearheaded in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Led
○Accepted
○Changed
○Resisted
8. Which of the following statements about the labor movement of the 1800's is supported by paragraph 5?
○It was most successful during times of economic crisis.
○Its primary purpose was to benefit unskilled laborers.
○It was slow to improve conditions for workers.
○It helped workers of all skill levels form a strong bond with each other.
Paragraph 6: Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
9. The author identifies political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics as two of several factors that
○Encouraged workers to demand higher wages
○Created divisions among workers
○Caused work to become more specialized
○Increased workers' resentment of the industrial system
10. The word them in the passage refers to
○Workers
○Political patty loyalties
○Disagreements over tactics
○Agents of opportunity
Paragraph 1: Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 181 5 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
11. Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers. Where would the sentence best fit?
○Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
○Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
○Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
○Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
12. Directions: Complete the table below by indicating which of the answer choices describe characteristics of the period before 1815 and which describe characteristics of the 1815-1 860 period. This question is worth 3 points.
Before 1815
●
●
1815-1850
●
●
●
Answer choices
A united, highly successful labor movement took shape.
Workers took pride in their workmanship.
The income gap between the rich and the poor increased greatly.
Transportation networks began to decline.
Emphasis was placed on following schedules.
Workers went through an extensive period of training.
Few workers expected to own their own businesses.
参考答案：
1. ○3
This is an Inference question asking for an inference that can be supported by the passage. The correct answer is choice 3, “They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production.” A number of statements throughout the passage support choice 3. Paragraph 1 states that “Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans . . . After 18 15 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers.” Paragraph 2 states that “Before the rise of the factory . . . skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.” Paragraph 3 states, “The factory changed that.Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity.” Taken together, these three statements, about production rates, the rise of factories after 18 15, and the decline of craftsmanship after 18 15, support the inference that before 18 15, the emphasis had been on quality rather than on speed of production. Answer choices 1, 2, and 4 are all contradicted by the passage.
2. ○2
This is a Sentence Simplification question. As with all of these items, a single sentence in the passage is highlighted: Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. The correct answer is choice 2. Choice 2 contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. The highlighted sentence explains why (part of the family) and how (education, moral behavior) a master's responsibility went beyond teaching a trade. The essential information is the fact that the master's responsibility went beyond teaching a trade. Therefore, choice 2 contains all that is essential without changing the meaning of the highlighted sentence.Choice 1 changes the meaning of the highlighted sentence b~ stating that masters often treated apprentices irresponsibly.Choice 3 contradicts the essential meaning of the highlighted sentence. The fact that “Apprentices were considered part of the family . . . ” suggests that they were not actual family members.Choice 4, like choice 3, changes the meaning of the highlighted sentence by discussing family members as apprentices.
3. ○4
This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is disrupted. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 4, “upset.” The word “upset” here is used in the context of “hurting productivity.” When something is hurt or damaged, it is “upset.”
4. ○1
This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. The correct answer is choice I, “support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories.” The paragraph begins by stating that workers did not adopt new attitudes toward work easily and that the clock symbolized the new work rules. The author provides the quotation as evidence of that difficulty. There is no indication in the paragraph that workers quit due to loud noise, so choice 2 is incorrect. Choice 3 (usefulness of clocks) is contradicted by the paragraph. The factory clock was “useful,” but workers hated it. Choice 4 (workers complaints as a cause of a factory's success) is not discussed in this paragraph.
5. ○4
This is a Negative Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. Choice 4, “contact among workers who were not managers,” is the correct answer. The paragraph explicitly contradicts this by stating that “factories sharply separated workers from management.” The paragraph explicitly states that workers lost choice I (freedom), choice 2 (status in the community), and choice 3 (opportunities for advancement) in the new system, so those choices are all incorrect.
6. ○1
This is a Vocabulary question. The phrase being tested is “gathered some momentum.” It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice I, “made progress.” To “gather momentum” means to advance with increasing speed.
7. ○1
This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is spearheaded. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 1, “led.” The head of a spear leads the rest of the spear, so the crafts workers who “spearheaded” this movement led it.
8. ○3
This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The correct answer is choice 3, “It was slow to improve conditions for workers.” The paragraph states, “More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850's, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.” This statement explicitly supports choice 3. All three other choices are contradicted by the paragraph.
9. ○2
This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information about a particular phrase in the passage. The phrase in question is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 2, “created divisions among workers.” The paragraph states (emphasis added): “ . . . they (workers) were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender; conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political part loyalties, and disagreements over tactics.” So “political party loyalties and disagreements over tactics'' are explicitly stared as two causes of division among workers. The other choices are not stated and are incorrect.
10. ○1
This is a Reference question. The word being tested is them. It is highlighted in the passage. This is a simple pronoun-referent item. The word them in this sentence refers to those people to whom ”the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives.“ Choice 1, ”Workers,“ is the only choice that refers to this type of person, so it is the correct answer.
11. ○4
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 1 that represent the possible answer choices here. Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■ As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■ In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. W After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■ Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. The sentence provided, ”This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers,“ is best inserted at square 4. The inserted sentence refers explicitly to ”a new form of manufacturing.“ This ”new form of manufacturing“ is the one mentioned in the sentence preceding square 4, ”factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers.“ The inserted sentence then explains that this new system depended on ”the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.“ The sentence that follows square 4 goes on to say, ”Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.“ Thus the inserted sentence contains references to both the sentence before square 4 and the sentence after square 4. This is not true of any of the other possible insert points, so square 4 is the correct answer.
12. ○○Before 1815: 2 6 1815-1850: 3 5 7
This is a Fill in a Table question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices for the ”Before 18 15“ column are 2 and 6. Choices 3, 5, and 7 belong in the ”1815-1 850" column. Choices 1 and 4 should not be used in either column.
托福阅读难度及题型的信息
机考模式
新托福阅读考试分两种模式：Short Format以及Long Format。前者历时60分钟，要求学生在规定时间里完成三篇阅读约36-42道题目;而后者则将考试时间拉长至100分钟，按需完成60-70道题目。
本来这对学生来说只是“小菜一碟”，但自从新托福将考试形式由笔试改为电脑操作，这对很多人来说无疑是“当头一棒”。也许对大多数人来说看几个小时的网上新闻或是打上半天的游戏都不是什么新鲜事儿，但面对屏幕做上一两个小时的题目倒真不是随便可以信手拈来的。
建议各位正在准备托福 阅读备考的同学，平时要养成习惯通过电脑来阅读，至于阅读的内容将会在第四个点里再作详细介绍。关于这一点的备考和写作的备考策略是一致的，大家可以结合起来一起准备。
考试强度
无论是Short Format还是Longre Format，托福阅读考试强度上对考生的要求都是相当大的，新托福阅读部分每篇文章字数增至了700字左右。然而，在新托福阅读当中，对于初学者来说最难的不是单词，而是要求在规定时间里完成规定的题数。
新托福阅读不同于CET4，CET6，与高考也有很大区别，因为CET4、CET6与高考的阅读考试大都是提供约4-5篇文章，然后出20道选择题，要求考生根据所读文章答题。最大的不同在于这些考试都没有要求做完每个科目考试所用的时间。
因此很多同学在一开始做托福 阅读的时候，十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制，有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。有的同学在考试前总是按一篇文章来练，认为自己在20分钟内(按总的时间平均分配到每篇阅读文章的用时)完成12-14题绰绰有余。但问题在于托福考试并非一篇一篇来考，而是将3篇或5篇看作一个整体来考验学生对强度的适应能力。
由此建议考生在托福 阅读备考期间一定要养成3篇一练或者5篇一练的习惯，培养自己在规定时间里完成尽可能多的题数，并保证一定的正确率。
有很多的专业考生，因为平时课业负担较大，可用于支配学习托福的时间有限，希望在考前通过高强度的课程学习来提高考试成绩。
针对基础较好短期内需要考试的学生，我们推荐学生采用75%的正课占比，侧重于个性化的考试应对，针对自己薄弱的地方，对症下药，并辅以适量的配套训练来检测学习效果，确保对知识点的掌握。
托福阅读题型变化
考试题型的主要变化在于题型中增加了词汇解释题、填表、插入句子和完成段落等。根据新托福阅读测试的目的，考生需要在平时训练中着重培养和加强三种阅读技能，即信息定位能力、速读理解能力和研读整理能力，来帮助自己适应新题型。
这一点表现出新托福考试阅读明显雅思化，因此增加题目并不意味着增加难度，其难度体现在考生对题型的熟悉程度。可以说，新托福阅读内容的难度降低，于是便通过题型变化增加难度，因此阅读理解部分并不需要过于担心，关键是了解题型。
知识面和信息量
大家都知道，做题基于托福 阅读读文章的基础之上，因此增进阅读能力会对完成题目起到至关重要的作用。在备考阶段，大家要多读各类题材的文章。新托福阅读测试的选材大多涉及自然科学 (天文、地质、生物学等)、人文和社会科学(文学、历史、人类学、社会学等)以及艺术和商务等学科领域。多阅读这些文章，一方面可以了解相关的常识和背景知识，同时可借此机会熟悉不同学科的常用词汇。
各类书籍、报刊及网上文章都可以选择作为练习阅读的材料，如果是选取带有一定学术性的文章或大学教材则是再好也没有了。这一点大家可以结合适应“机考”这一变化来共同实现更多地去选择在电脑上阅读文章而非实际的报纸或杂志。
托福阅读只要找出最优选项即可
托福阅读不管复习的如何也不管考试时你是怎么做的托福阅读试题，只要结果对了就好，那么这时一些托福阅读技巧可能就非常有用了，下面就来看看具体该如何做选择的的方法，希望对大家有所帮助。
在进行托福阅读训练的时候，如果你只是坚持找关键词，却忽视了其他的一些短语，寻找题目中的词语在文章中是否出现，那么你的托福阅读分数是很难提升的。注意关键词不是托福阅读考试的一切。
这里必须承认，当正确答案是原文重现的时候，我们去采用，原文当中出现的词，在正确答案之中也出现，这种做题方法，从理论上是说得通的。但是事情往往不是这么简单!这里有可能出现问题的点，就是在于“最优选项”。
所谓的托福阅读试题最优选项，一种可能形式与原文更为接近的选项。另一种可能性，则是排除掉其中3个错误答案，最后得到那个与原文关系不大，但是也没有明显错误的选项。
这里很显然，最优选项之中的正确答案，都不是可以通过简单的寻找哪个选项之中的词，在原文之中也出现这种方法来解决的。而且考虑到中国考生在阅读之中必须拿到27分以上的成绩，因此，细节题和句子简化题是绝对不被允许错的!因此，这种通过简单的寻找一一对应的词汇的方法也是行不通的。
此路不通，另寻他路。那这种托福阅读技巧是什么?其实很简单，就是读懂!哪怕你不能完全懂，退而求其次，其中的逻辑关系一定要懂!或者说，对于托福阅读来说，核心的内容就是要弄清其中的逻辑关系。不过，句子之中的逻辑关系，并不是简单的so，because这些连词，里面的逻辑更多指的是，各种动词所体现出来的因果关系，这才是核心。
换句话说，在准备托福阅读的时候，应该尽一切可能去读懂每一个句子之中的每一点细节，只有这样才是拿到高分的捷径!而不是，去通过只言片语进行猜测，通过猜测考托福，只能是死路一条。
托福阅读练习及详细解析：Artisans and Industrialization
篇4：托福阅读练习题目解析四
适中
托福阅读考试大致内容
对地球年龄的测定。早起人们有几种方法预测地球年龄，但结果令人不满意，因为很多都是猜测的，然后有人发现放射性元素后根据半衰期计算出一块岩石的年龄，这项结果惊人，因为岩石的年龄比之前任何一次都久远的多;但是另一位科学家发现了一块更古老的岩石，是地球上发现的最古老的岩石，但这个岩石不能代表地球的年龄，因为太阳系形成初期就有固态物体，但那时地球还处于混沌状态没有成型，于是必须在地球找出某些洞穴里形成于地球形成初期与彗星碰撞地球的坑.
托福阅读考试练习题目解析:美洲新英格兰地区农业发展
Passage3
篇5：托福阅读练习题目解析四
适中
托福阅读考试大致内容
农业：英国殖民者刚到美洲新英格兰地区时的耕种方法。早期他们在那些已经清除植被的土地上耕种，但后来人口增加现有土地不够用，他们只好自己动手开垦土地，然后为了追求生产率，这些树不会clear out，然后他们也没有照搬在欧洲的耕种方法，最后还讲了New England地区土壤湿度草原茂盛，可以养牛，反过来还可以滋养土壤。
托福阅读考试练习题目解析:阳光对海洋生物的影响
Passage4
篇6：托福阅读练习题目解析四
适中
托福阅读考试大致内容
生物：阳光对于海洋生物的影响。太阳光能被水吸收，但一般长光波只在水的表层，短光波能传播更深，然后将一些进行光合作用的生物只在海水表层，因为阳光充足，这些生物是其他生物的食物来源，而深海因为光线不足，生物组织少，而且主要的营养物质是下沉的腐烂的生物组织，然后讲到一个海水不同水层温度变化的现象，但一般在热带水域不同水层流动性不大，温带水域由于overturn不同水层的物质会有交流。
【托福阅读练习方法解析】相关文章：
文档为doc格式
