托福阅读提分有哪些小方法
“圈圈小狗”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇托福阅读提分有哪些小方法，下面是小编整理后的托福阅读提分有哪些小方法，欢迎您阅读分享借鉴，希望对您有所帮助。
篇1：托福阅读提分有哪些小方法
托福阅读提分有哪些实用小方法
阅读大量英语文章，增加自己的知识面
当一个人知道的东西多了后，在面临问题时，就会显得更有自信，解决问题也会有自己的路子。这样方式在阅读能力训练中也同样适用，考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面，对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后，在参加托福考试时，当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后，解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉，不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚，对文章要说的东西特别盲目。相信每一位考生在解答试题时，如果阅读到自己熟悉的文章后，解答试题时也会比较轻松和容易。答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。
注意解题要领，无需阅读全篇文章
考生在解答阅读试题时往往会存在一定的误区，认为想要解答试题必须要阅读整片文章。小编在这提醒各位烤鸭们，这种理念是错误的。阅读文章的做种目的还不就是为了解答试题?只要能够准确的解答试题，不完全阅读文章页是可以的，有没有人会问你，全篇文章的详细内容，所以说，阅读时要秉着做题去阅读，而不是为了阅读而去阅读。还有一点，考生解答阅读试题时，可以先看题干，对所要提出的问题有了一定的了解后，带着问题再去阅读文章，这样做在阅读时就会有着重点，针对性强，解答也比较容易，只要找到题干的大概范围，很轻松就可以选出想要的选项了。同时，也减少了大量的阅读时间，为你的考试赢回不少时间，可以用这部分时间去解答其他较难的试题。
“适合别人的不一定适合自己”。总之，关于托福考试阅读能力训练的相关方式，小编简单为考生整理如上。考生在训练时可以选择的参考，或许小编说的也有不对的地方，但是目的只是为了能够让大家更清楚托福考试阅读能力训练的相关方式，考生可以根据自己的实际需求去训练，尽快找到适合自己的方式。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.
Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.
During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliff Céol lege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.
Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on great men. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The role of literature in early American histories
(B) The place of American women in written histories
(C) The keen sense of history shown by American women
(D) The great women approach to history used by American historians
2. The word contemporary in line 6 means that the history was
(A) informative
(B) written at that time
(C) thoughtful
(D) faultfinding
3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that
(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage
(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored
(C) only three women were able to get their writing published
(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women
4. The word celebratory in line 12 means that the writings referred to were
(A) related to parties
(B) religious
(C) serious
(D) full of praise
5. The word they in line 12 refers to
(A) efforts
(B) authors
(C) counterparts
(D) sources
6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point
out?
(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities
(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.
(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.
(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.
7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely
have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?
(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results
(B) Biographies of John Adams
(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem
(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college
8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger
Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?
(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia
(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.
(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.
(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.
9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century great women EXCEPT
(A) authors
(B) reformers
(C) activists for women's rights
(D) politicians
10. The word representative in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms. Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugarlike polymer called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps, spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself. It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.
The destructive power of fungi is impressive. They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting. Some fungi can grow at +50 C, while o°thers can grow at -5 C, so ev°en food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them. On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) differences between simple and complex fungi
(B) functions of chlorophyll in plants
(C) functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cells
(D) differences between fungi and plants
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach the study of fungi?
(A) Fungi are no longer classified as plants
(B) Some single-cell organisms are no longer classified as fungi.
(C) New methods of species identification have been introduced
(D) Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.
3. The word principal in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) true
(B) main
(C) logical
(D) obvious
4. According to the passage , how do fungi obtain carbohydrates?
(A) The absorb carbohydrates from their own cell walls.
(B) They synthesize chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.
(C) They produce carbohydrates by breaking down chitin.
(D) They acquire carbohydrates from other organic matter, both living and dead.
5. The passage mentions shrimps, spiders, and insects in line 9 because their skeletons
(A) can be destroyed by fungi
(B) have unusual chemical compositions
(C) contain a material found in the walls of fungal cells
(D) secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do
6. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) chlorophyll (line 5)
(B) polymer (line 8)
(C) hyphae (line 12)
(D) enzymes (line 14)
7. The word those in line 13 refers to
(A) tips
(B) hyphae
(C) enzymes
(D) walls
8. Fungi have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
(A) They grow hyphae.
(B) They secrete enzymes.
(C) They synthesize cellulose.
(D) They destroy crops.
9. The word Entire in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) certain
(B) whole
(C) mature
(D) diseased
10. The passage describes the negative effects of fungi on all the following EXCEPT
(A) buildings
(B) animals
(C) food
(D) soil
11. The phrase bring about in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) cause
(B) join
(C) take
(D) include
12. The passage mentions penicillin in line 25 as an example of
(A) a medicine derived from plants
(B) a beneficial use of fungi
(C) a product of the relationship between plants and fungi
(D) a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures.
篇2：托福阅读快速提分的方法
托福阅读快速提分的方法
词汇量
词汇量是最基本也是最显而易见的一个因素。设想一下，如果一些基本的或是常用的单词都不认识，谈何理解文本，提高阅读速度呢?
托福阅读的词汇要求还是比较高的，因为它的单词涉及到具体的学科知识，如天文、生物等等。这些单词在高中或是大学学习中都不太会接触到，需要我们额外积累。所以提高托福阅读速度的第一个关键就是词汇的积累。
我们可以利用词汇书，或单词记忆软件来记忆托福单词。也可以整理和记忆已经做过的阅读文本当中的生词。第二种方法的好处是，我们能够通过文本来判断哪些单词是高频词，需要我们重点记忆。而且有了具体的语境，在记忆单词时也相对容易一些。
句子结构
第二个因素是句子结构。托福阅读当中有不少的长难句，它们的句子成分繁多，结构复杂，理解起来也比较困难。“你认识句子里的每一个单词，却看不懂这个句子是什么意思”。这是对理解长难句的生动写照。
很多时候，我们读不懂句子，或一个句子看三四遍才能勉强理解句意，是因为没有理清句子的结构。比如TPO44 Seagrases中的一个句子：
“Seagrass beds under the influence of strong currents tend to have many of the lighter particles, including seagrass debris, moved out, whereas beds in weak current areas accumulate lighter detrital material.”
一些同学在理解这个句子的前半部分时出现了问题，他们只关注到“have many of the lighter particles” 所以将句意理解成为“在强水流影响下的海草床会有很多轻的碎屑物”。但实际上前半部分完整的结构应该是“have many of the lighter particles…moved out” 意思是“将较轻的碎屑物移出去了”。这与部分同学的理解完全相反。
因此要提升阅读速度，我们要能够迅速而准确地理清长难句的结构。首先要判断一个句子是简单句还是非简单句，他的主谓宾是什么，修饰成分有哪些，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么东西。这些内容是托福阅读预备班前几节课的重点。当然，只是知道这些理论远远不够，还需要我们在平时的学习中多多练习，逐步提升自己理解长难句的能力。
知识背景
第三个因素是背景知识。在讲第一点的时候已经提到了，托福阅读的话题涉及到具体的学科知识。当然，这些背景知识并不会非常专业，让我们理解不了。
由于每个人的知识结构和知识储备不同，在做相同的题目时也会有不同的感觉。比如：对生物比较感兴趣的同学会觉得理解白蚁巢穴的结构比较简单，而擅长历史的文科生很容易就能把握雅典城邦的相关内容。因此，在备考的过程中，我们要注意积累自己不太熟悉的背景知识，至少要了解TPO当中出现过的一些背景知识，这样才能在做题时较快地把握文章内容，提升阅读的速度。
托福阅读背景知识之民族文学类
民族文学的诞生
独立革命是美国民族文学诞生的背景。早在战争爆发之前，美国殖民地人民在欧洲启蒙主义学说影响之下，已经具有民族独立的意识。富兰克林世俗的格言比爱德华兹清教，主义的教诲更能吸引广大群众。富兰克林用清晰、幽默的文体传播了科学文化，激发自力更生的精神，他的爱国热情和关于自学、创业的言论，对于美国人民的人生观、事业观和道德观产生了深远的影响。独立革命期间充满反抗与妥协之间的尖锐斗争，迫使作家们采取政论、演讲、散文等简便而又犀利的形式投入战斗。发表“不自由毋宁死”这一名言的演说家舶特里克·亨利，象战鼓那样鼓动战士奋勇杀敌的托马斯·潘恩，行文朴质无华却字字击中要害的托马斯·杰斐逊，都是无畏的战士，他们为了战斗的需要锤炼自己的语言艺术。那个时期的诗歌也具有强烈的政治性，大量的革命歌谣出自民间。菲利普·弗瑞诺是当时著名的革命诗人，他的创作开创了美国诗歌的优秀传统。
托福阅读背景知识：近半数英国女性后悔念大学
Vicky Tuck： 'I believe women should only go to university if they have a genuine interest in learning'.
Young women are losing faith in the university system with nearly half believing it is not worth getting a degree.
Tuition fees and little chance of landinga good job make higher education an unattractive prospect for them， a study suggests.
It found that nearly half of female graduates would not go to university if they had the chance again.
The research will cause concern because it was carried out before the Government announced that fees will almost treble to ā9，000 in .
The findings have prompted warnings that a generation of ambitious young women will miss out on a high-flyingcareer and the opportunity to continue their education.
Louise Court， editor of Cosmopolitan magazine， which conducted the survey， said young women seem to think university ‘a waste of time’.
‘It’s never been harder to be a young woman with ambition，’ she said. ‘Understandably， women are angry and frustrated about their future and this is having a damaging affect on their self-esteem.
The survey of 1，353 women also looked at the career prospects and financial outlook for women in .
Two thirds of those questioned said they thought it would be ‘almost impossible’ to get their dream job and a quarter were unable to follow their preferred career.
Only 14 per cent said they felt safe from the sack.
And the financial situation for graduates was especially bad， with half saying they had so much student debt they could not save.
The same proportion believed they faced worse financial hardship than their parents.
One in seven women said they had been forced to postpone getting married because a wedding would be too expensive.
And more than one in six admitted that financial constraints had made them postpone trying to start a family.
Vicky Tuck， a campaigner for women’s education and former head of Cheltenham Ladies College， said： ‘The rise in fees is going to make a lot of people reflect on why they are going to university.
‘Before the introduction of fees it was not an automatic assumption that a degree would lead to a good job. It is only recently that we have seen that relationship.
‘I believe that women should only go to university if they have a genuine interest in learning， a precious opportunity. If they go purely to get a job， many will be disappointed.’
托福阅读背景知识：爱逛街的男人更长寿
It may come as old news to many women， but it seems a bit of retail therapy really is good for you.
A day at the shops can help you live longer， says a study.
And surprisingly， the benefits are actually greater for men.
The study even suggests the long-term survival benefits of shopping are better than going to the gym.
Seeing friends and just people-watching can stave off loneliness and improve psychological health， suggests research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
It looked at almost 1，850 people aged 65 and over living independently at home in Taiwan， who were asked how often they went shopping.
The researchers then tracked how long each of the participants lived by linking individuals to national death registration data between and .
They found those who shopped daily lived longer than those who shopped less frequently， even after taking account of people’s physical or other health problems.
Going to the shops every day cut the chances of a participant dying during the period of the study by more than a quarter compared with those who don’t shop regularly.
Older men who frequently popped out to the shops had the best survival record， with a reduction of 28 per cent in their chances of dying， while older women saw slightly less benefit with a 23 per cent cut in dying.
Researchers led by Dr Yu-Hung Chang at the National Health Research Institutes， in Zhunan， Taiwan， accept that those who shopped regularly may have been in better health to begin with.
They said： 'An elder who shops less for food would be at risk of poorer diet quality necessary to maintain health. A vicious cycle that involves limited shopping and poor diet could evolve for elders.'
But the study added： ‘In shopping venues， socialising with， or watching others can provide social and mental benefits.
‘Compared with other types of leisure-time physical activity， like formal exercise， which usually requires motivation and sometimes professional instruction， shopping is easier to undertake and maintain.’
篇3：托福阅读提分心得精选
托福阅读提分心得精选整理 冲刺高分先提升基础能力
托福阅读提分必备：单词
虽然我们一直在强调单词不是最重要的，但是没有单词是万万不能的，对于单词的积累不是弹指间能完成的，而在记忆单词的时候也有无数种方法可以借鉴，比如：记忆曲线记忆法：按照词汇书上的分类，每天一个pst，每天要做到及时复习。根据人的记忆曲线来讲，最初记忆过的单词要在最短的时间内进行不断的复习，才会对其记忆深刻。总而言之，记忆单词是学习一种语言最基础有用的方法，对于考试取得高分尤其如此，我们在学习过程中不能一味的复制别人的方法，要学会思考，找到属于自己的方法，一切皆可战胜!
托福阅读提分必备：文章主旨的把握
首先，新托福 的每一篇文章都附加了标题，可以通过对文章标题格式，内容，可能应用的文章书写格式三个方面对文章整体进行把握。
其次，每篇文章的长度由原来的300-400增长到了现有的700字左右，且段落由原有的2-4段增长到现有的5-10段，那么对于文章主旨的把握能力就显得无比重要。而要做到在短短的3-4分钟以内完成这件事情，就要求我们对段落结构，段落大意，以及段间结构即文章大纲的把握做到精准的程度。
托福阅读提分必备：泛读能力
所谓托福阅读泛读能力是指得在短时间以内对一篇文章内容迅速把握。在对文章段落主旨句的阅读中，我们需要读的内容约有8-15句话左右，在3-4分钟以内完成对这些句子的阅读并总结文章大纲，就要求我们对于托福句子式结构熟识于心。而托福阅读中，句子长，成份杂一直以来都是大家在阅读上遇到的最大障碍之一。解决这个问题的方法，可以采用泛读技巧中的主句阅读方式，即对读到的每个句子进行结构分析，找出主句，再补充其它成份的细节内容。
当我们对段内句子的主要意思，讲述对象，及讲述方向有所了解之后，后期解题过程中使用到的答案定位(或关键词定位)便可以达到快、准、稳的效果。
把握住了文章主旨就得到了文章的写作方向与目的，辅以段落间的关系，会使得解题过程轻松无比。
托福阅读提分必备：段落结构
文章写作过程中，为了清楚的表达中心思想，会采用不同的段落结构，而结构的选取与文章类型及内容无关，仅是选取一种最为清晰的表达方式。段落内部结构从大体上来讲可以分为总---分---(总)的分点并列结构，或者总---分的观点递进阐述结构。相对来讲前者更赋逻辑性，而后者因其逻辑性较差而导致在阅读过程中难度系数相对较大。当大家对段落内部结构的分析日渐成熟的时候，便可以对段落主旨大意总结的驾驭做到轻车熟路，进而节约阅读时间。
托福阅读提分必备：句子结构
托福阅读中的句式结构复杂，想要快速的把握完整的句意，便需要分析其间所存在的各种句式，了解每种句式的结构结成，识别方法，处理方法，更进一些，还可以探究其写作方法，达到对每种句式从里到外的熟悉。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：地理隔离影响物种发展
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop, but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs only when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.
词汇解释：
isolation: one group, person, or thing is separate from others.
speciation: speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.
gene pool: the gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information , in any population, usually of a particular species.
结构分析：
并列复合句
句1 Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop，
句2 but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs only when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.
.中句2含有because引导的原因状从和when引导的时间状从。
句子分析：
句1中
geograhic isolation 主语， creates 谓语，opportunities 宾语， for new species 介词结构作定语，to develop, 目的状语。本部分意思：地理隔离创造了新物种发展的机会。
句子2
主句部分 ：but it does not necessarily lead to new species
it 主语，指代geographic isolation， does not necessarily lead：谓语部分， to new species：宾语。本部分意思：但它不一定会导致新物种
原因状语从句：because speciation occurs
speciation是主语，occurs 谓语。
本部分意思：因为新物种的出现(产生)。
时间状语从句：when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.
the gene pool，主语;undergoes，作谓语;enough changes 宾语。
to establish 状语。其中，reproductive barriers是establish的宾语。
between the isolated population and its parent population,介词结构作定语，说明是isolated population 和 its population之间的障碍。
本部分意思：因为只有当基因库产生足够的变化，使得分割种群与其总群之间产生繁殖障碍时。
参考翻译：
地理隔离创造了新物种发展的机会，但它不一定会导致新物种，因为只有当基因库产生足够的变化，使得分割种群与其总群之间产生繁殖障碍时才会产生新的物种。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：较小颗粒困在空气流中
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Small grains may be blown farther but they are also more prone to be whisked past the waiting stigma because smaller particles tend to stay trapped in the fast-moving air that flows around the stigma.
结构分析：
并列复合句。句1，but句2+because 引导的原因状语从句+that引导的定语从句。
句子分析：
句1中，small grains 主语，may be blown 谓语部分，farther状语。本部分意思：小颗粒可能被吹得更远。
句2中，they主语，are prone to be whisked past the waiting stigma作谓语部分，the Waiting stigma为whisked past的宾语。because引导的从句中，small particles主语, tend to stay trapped 谓语部分。in the fast-moving air状语。that引导的定语从句修饰air,从句中that充当主语，flows谓语。around the stigma为状语。
参考翻译：
小颗粒可能被吹得更远，但他们也更容易被吹过等待的柱头，因为较小的颗粒会被困在柱头周围快速移动的空气流里。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：海草床沉积物来源
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
It is interesting that temperate seagrass beds accumulate sediments from sources outside the beds, whereas tropical seagrass beds derive most of their sediments from within.
结构分析：
主系表结构;复合句it为形式主语，that 从句为主语从句，由两个并列句组成。
句子分析：
it 作形式主语，is interesting为系表结构。that引导的从句为主语从句，作句子真正的主语。主语从句包含whereas连接的两个并列句temperate seagrass beds accumulate sediments from sources outside the beds和tropical seagrass beds derive most of their sediments from within.
第一个并列句中，temperate seagrass beds为主语，accumulate作谓语，sediments 为宾语， from sources作定语修饰宾语， outside the beds 作定语修饰sources。本句意思：温带海草床积聚来自草床外的沉积物。
第二个并列句中，tropical seagrass beds为主句，derive作谓语，most of their sediments为宾语，from within为定语，within后面省略了the beds。本句意思：热带海草床大部分的沉积物来自其内部。
参考翻译：
有趣的是，温带海草床积聚来自草床外的沉积物，而热带海草床大部分的沉积物来自其内部。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：微生物的厌氧过程
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
According to ecologist J.W. Kenworthy, anaerobic processes of the microorganisms in the sediment are an important mechanism for regenerating and recycling nutrients and carbon, ensuring the high rates of productivity—that is, the amount of organic material produced—that are measure d in those beds.
结构分析：
复合句，主句中含有that引导的定语从句。
句子分析：
According to ecologist J.W. Kenworthy, 主语补足语。anaerobic processes 主语，of the microorganisms 定语修饰主语， in the sediment 定语修饰microorganisms。are an important mechanism 系表结构，谓语部分。for regenerating and recycling nutrients and carbon 定语修饰mechanism. ensuring the high rates of productivity 结果状语。本部分意思：根据这位生态学家， 沉积物中微生物的厌氧过程是对营养物质和碳的再生与回收的一个重要机制，从而确保高生产率
插入语that is, the amount of organic material produced补充说明productivity。 定语从句：that are measured in those beds. that指high rates,充当主语，are measured 谓语，in those beds,状语。本部分意思：(即有机物质的产生量)。这种高生产率是在草床中进行测量的。
参考翻译：
根据这位生态学家， 沉积物中微生物的厌氧过程是对营养物质和碳的再生与回收的一个重要机制，从而确保高生产率(即有机物质的产生量)。这种高生产率是在草床中进行测量的。
篇4：托福阅读17分怎么提分
1过单词是关键
刚开始准备托福阅读时，建议大家不要急于做整套整套的TPO.要先过单词，单词就先背四级单词，打打基础。背完四级单词之后就可以背托福单词了。
这时候恒哥给我推荐《七天搞定托福词汇》，我真的是七天看完了。这本书跟红宝书不太一样，它是按照频率出的词汇，比如第一天的词汇就是高频的，第四第五天的就是低频了。当然不是背完七天就没事了，要反复过。我最后过了大概四遍。背单词嘛，就要快速，反复。
2过题型来练手
背单词期间可以跟着老师过过题型，恒哥带着我把题型都给过了一遍，帮我打下了扎实的基础。期间做得不好的题型可以多拿巴郎练练手。
3刷TPO找感觉
这时候我们就可以每天一套一套地刷TPO了，做的时候最好是上午(因为跟考试时间一样)，当然要卡时间，超时了效果就不好了。TPO可是好东西，做完最好精读一下，不然就太浪费这好东西了。我一般是上午做题，下午一个半小时精读文章和分析题型。一个月,TPO刷完了。还没完呢亲，接着刷，再刷第二遍。阅读是很靠感觉的，两天不做再去做的时候就会感觉很生疏。
一切皆有可能 托福阅读3分变成17分
不足之处主要表现在以下几个方面：
1.词汇基础有待提升，个别单词会不认识，如harsh、thrive、flee等;
2.单句理解能力较弱，长难句分析较难，看句子速度慢;
3.抵触长篇段落;
4.针对细节题，有基本的解题和定位思路，但是定位准确性不足，解题时会忽视题目中的重要信息，并且有时忘记同意替换的基本思路。
针对以上四点不足孙彤老师主要提出以下解决方案：
1.针对词汇基础问题，推荐上词汇辅课，并和学管老师督促学生背单词，词表推荐以《无 老师七天》为主，提高词汇量。
2.针对单句理解能力和长难句分析问题，通过翻译文章的句子，并伴随进行句子简化题专项，提高句子理解和主干信息把握能力，并且同时能够改善对于句间关系的理解。通过大量的翻译作业，能够减少对于长难句和长文章的不适感。
3.针对题型分类及解题方法不了解的问题，通过课程前半部分的题型分类及例题讲解，使学生熟悉不同题型的出题特点、思路及解题方法。同时，课后进行TPO的套题练习，提高方法和思路的熟悉度。
篇5：托福阅读17分怎么提分
前提：了解题型，注重解题方法
托福阅读17分要怎么提高?托福阅读一共有十种题型，除小结题外基本都属于考查细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。
有考生担心如果词汇量不够应该怎么办，在平时就应该多留心，根据文章记忆单词，并不是每个生词都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。其实做阅读最最关键的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，所以只要弄清楚主干，扫描段落有无连词、信号词等，并浏览每段的主题句。
主旨题又该如何把握呢?主旨题与细节无关，考查的是我们把握全文结构的能力。做题之前需要浏览文章的标题及每段首句，尤其是总分结构的文章。文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在，从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以备考的时候做题少不了，但还要多加注意如何练习快速阅读的能力。
积累：增加背景知识
托福阅读的文章所述内容如果太过陌生，相信你一定会觉得读起来很困难，但如果你对其略知一二，那就一定会有所不同。假如平时看过的某些内容刚好考到相关的，阅读的时候可以半读半猜，也就能理解的_不离十了。
所以强烈建议大家如果备考时间充足，多扩充自己的知识背景是非常有好处的。
巩固：多做习题
快速突破并不意味着有捷径可以走，要想提高自己的阅读水平，大家一定不能忘记多做题才是最核心的方法，因为无论解题方法多么巧妙，离开了大量的练习就是纸上谈兵。
托福阅读备考提前需了解什么
首先，不管什么托福阅读技巧都一定要有基本的单词量做基础。
没人喜欢背单词，但要的只是有足够的单词量，这样才可以去应对托福阅读中的各种层出不穷的问题。而使用的是谁的单词书事实上是不会有多大分别，要的只是认认真真的把一本单词书背个百分之七十，那也就差不多了，托福阅读重点考察对象并非是单词，只是透过单词来表达一种意思，只要你能猜出来这种意思并且在这个基础上把题答对，那么，对少单词都不是问题。
其次，有关理解托福阅读难句长句。
toefl培训老师介绍了大家只需要明白大意即可，但同时还可以按照大意准确定位找到答案。考生们能够专门去找一些托福阅读长难句来进行有针对性的练习。再将那些句子反复读，反复看，看上十几遍，认为很通顺与句子写得很好自己以后也要这么写了才算好。速度慢不是问题，但是坚持下来，大家对难句和长句的理解能力就好冥想提高。
再次，大家在专门练习托福阅读题的时候，还是多看看OG。
OG是相当有指向性的，同时那上面说的有的小技巧同样是很好的。Delta上的题目要更难，重点是有的题目要求大家去做引申、做一些文学上的理解，当然这些在托福中是不会出现的。所以做题的时候不要想得太复杂，感觉是什么选什么，很有效。
篇6：托福阅读提分宝鉴
托福阅读需要掌握正确的方法才能有效提高成绩，下面我给大家分享一些有效的小技巧。
托福阅读难句高分策略方法
除了词汇量较大以外，句子结构复杂也是新托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句，必须迅速把握其主干和重点，因为考试时涉及答案的主要是句子的主干和重点，对于句子简化题(sentence simplification)尤其如此。要把握难句的主干和重点，首先要弄清它们的类型。简而言之，托福阅读中的难句主要包括下列类型：
1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句)
2.同位语
3.并列结构
4.that引导的各种从句
5.插入结构
6.独立主格
7.倒装句
8.强调句
9.虚拟语气
?对于不同类型的难句，把握主干的方法也不一样。以倒装句为例，主要有下列情况：
1.方位副词放在句首
Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine.
2.介词放在句首
Amongthe species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlanticcoast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their youngare common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, andnorthern gannets.
3. 形容词放在句首
Implicitin it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certainqualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bringown aesthetic sensibilities into harmony.
4.过去分词放在句首
Accustomedthough we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.
5.现在分词放在句首
Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
? 句子倒装的目的主要有两个：
一是被提前的部分被强调，如上述的第四句：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后：Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前，是为了强调它。
二是为了句子的平衡，否则将导致头重脚轻的效果，如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例，按照正常语序应该是：Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently.但是这种句子结构比较糟糕，因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans)，而谓语部分were missing until recently较短，容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前，避免了这一现象。
托福阅读技巧之快速攻克三步走
1、在读第一段时，特别是第一句，往往给我们一个大致的思路，文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么?然后第二段的第一句，然后在想一想作者下面又想讲什么，这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。然后第三段，又讲了什么，这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来，每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?这样，在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图 ，在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
2、在回答新托福阅读问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章大意，它的思路和主题。
再次提醒，新托福阅读技巧考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
3、答题。根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。因为你这样做完，你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰，做题的时候，就可以很快找到出题点，而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出，主题词就会显得格外明显。而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以，大家不妨试试，就会明白了。
托福阅读成绩提高策略
其实所谓托福阅读成绩飘忽不定，也是要有个限度的。我们首先要看一下自己的平均成绩，如果一直都是错7、8个，然后忽然有一篇，而且仅有一篇错了 1、2 个，那最多能算是回光返照，算不得是成绩不稳定。只有长时间的，比如说每套TPO里面，我们都是有的文章错2-3个，有的文章错7-8个，这才算是托福阅读成绩不稳定。
换句话说，我们既要看多篇文章的平均错误率，同时也要看连续3篇文章波动的幅度，只有总是波动幅度很大的，才是我们的文章要解决的。如果你一直都是错2-3个，然后突然一篇文章错7-8个，那是你状态不好，其实你是很幸福的，只是偶尔喝凉水塞一下牙，别介意。
如果看到这里，你仍然确定自己的托福阅读成绩不是喝凉水塞牙，同时也不是回光返照的话，那么你就应该读完这篇文章了。
其实在托福阅读考试里面，考察的重点在于3个层面，第一是单词，第二是语法，第三是综合的细致性的理解。这里很显然，在后面两个层面，也就是语法和综合理解，其实人的波动是很小的，换句话说，也就是在不同的文章之间语法和综合理解的侧重点变化不大，同时人的能力也是变化不大的，相应的，对分数的影响也是很小的。
因此，当我们排除了这两点之后，我们很容易就会得到我们的结论，那就是我们的托福阅读词汇量有问题!你单词的基础一定是不扎实的，否则也不会成绩有很大的波动。换句话说，哪怕你的语法再牛，当都是一堆不认识的单词的时候，这个题也没什么可做的，只有一个结果，就是错错错!
那怎么解决呢?是要把能看到的单词书都背了么?其实也不用，如果你真的能30%-50%都能错3-4个的时候，其实你的最基础的4级单词也是不用背的，只需要背托福单词和镇魂单词，完全就够了。
当然这里还有一个很多考友都会提出的问题，就是到底用不用背专业词汇。说实话，这有点不太好衡量，不太好衡量的核心就是在于，这些词汇到底要专业到什么程度。其实对专业词汇来说，比如说地壳、板块、钙、原子、脊椎、动物这样的词，这都是托福考试的常考词汇了，其实在绝大多数托福单词书里都该收录的。
但是如果更深入一些的托福阅读词汇，比如说三磷酸腺苷，大黄蜂这样的词汇则是没有必要背的，因为哪怕在考试中出现，也不会当作一个重要的内容进行考察。因为托福考试毕竟是一个语言考试，又不是一个专业课考试。
但是如果你仍然觉得想补一下专业词汇的话，可以去背这个专业分类词汇，这都是筛选好了的词汇。词汇的提升没我们想的那么慢，托福阅读成绩，很多时候其实也没我们想的那么急。
篇7：托福阅读提分4个小技巧
托福阅读提分4个实用小技巧分享 原来高分考生都在用
按照文章段落读内容做题
在四六级考试中，阅读时间很少，虽然单词相对简单，但是篇幅较长，逐字阅读肯定是没有时间的，所以做题技巧中扫读是很重要的环节，目的是找到与题目相关的段落或者语句才能找到做题依据。而在托福阅读考试中，考生可以采用每阅读完一段就做只涉及该段的题目，信息集中，重要的是节省了大量的时间，缓解了托福阅读文章通篇的眩晕感。这类题目一般都是细节题，只会要求大家从指定段落来寻找解题线索，做起来比较省时也能帮助大家提升文章理解力。
学术类生词原文找定义
托福阅读考试中对单词量的要求还是很大的，即使单词量很大了，也难免会遇上生僻词的情况，而托福考试中选用的文章说明性特别强，所以这些生词一般都是学术类词汇，其表现形式往往是自定义自解释的模式。遇到这类生词，即使不知道什么意思，考生也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系，运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。另外，大家还可以通过分析选项进行对比来发现选项，这类考学术词汇的题目通常会出现两个意思相反的选项，此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。
阅读词汇题解题有技巧
托福阅读几乎每段中都会有生词意思辨析题，有些词考生一看就认识，这样的题目就很容易了，但是也不能粗心大意，如果时间富裕或者把握不大，可以把选项带入文章中检查一遍。而对于那些不认识的词汇，其实大家也是有许多应对技巧的。首先是分析词性，采用排除法排除词性不一致的选项。其次是用代入法。选项中给出的词意一般就是考生认识的，将选项带入，分析一下是否能够保证原文合情合理通顺就能顺利完成了。
细看每段文章关键词中心句
考生在分段阅读托福文章的同时，可以记下关键词或者中心句，在文章结束时就可以根据回想理解整篇文章的脉络结构逻辑关系，对每篇文章最后一题的选择有很大帮助。另外也需要注意到题目中明确给出的做题提示，即没有提到的信息或者不重要的观点就可以排除了。
以上就是托福阅读的一些解题小技巧，大家在平时备考中可以训练一下这些技巧熟练掌握它们，这样在考试中就能拥有更多的应对手段做好阅读拿到高分。
新托福阅读机经背景知识
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
Songbirds include those birds from the order Passeriformes, commonly called passerines. There are approximately 5,400 different species of passerines. The suborder Oscine includes those birds that we tend to think of as your typical songbird, those birds that have complex songs as adults. In the majority of Oscines, the male is the one with the complex singing ability, and there is much diversity among males of different species in the length and complexity of their songs.
Song needs to be developed, just like any other characteristic of songbird behavior. Singing the correct song for that species is not an instinctual process. The need to sing is instinctual, however what song to sing has been found to be learned. When and where young songbirds learn their songs has long been studied. Just as songbirds differ in their songs, they also differ in their song learning process, though some basic principles seem to be the same. Many species learn their song only during the first few months, though a few can learn songs their entire lives. Also differing between species is from who the songs are learned, and how much of the songs are accurately imitated.
Some species may exactly copy the songs they are exposed to. On the other hand, many will not exactly imitate the song or songs that they have been exposed to. Instead they will take bits and pieces of it and invent their own song, though usually similar in construction to that which the species normally sings.
重点词汇：
Passerine：雀形目的，雀形鸟
Oscine：鸣禽类的，鸣禽类的鸟
Instinctual：本能的
Principles：原则
Imitate：模仿，效仿
exposed to：曝露于，公开揭露
bits and pieces：曲子的部分调子或小节
点拨迷津：
重点内容是在第二段和第三段，告诉我们鸣禽类唱歌是一种本能，但是如何去学会唱歌的是实验所要研究的问题。虽然每种不同的鸣禽有不同的学习过程，但是有一些基本的原则是相同的，例如大部分的鸟都是在出生的前几个月学习唱歌。另外一个要关注的问题就是鸟类是不是准确地模仿到了自己所听到的歌声。
The Basic Features of Song Learning
Nine males song sparrows were collected from the wild from four different broods when they were around 4 to 6 days old. They were raised by people until they were weaned at 33 to 35 days old and then were placed into individual wire-mesh cages. Live tutors were used in this experiment. Four wild-caught adult male song sparrows were used as the tutors. The tutors were placed into flight aviaries and the subject's cages were placed adjacent to the aviaries, so that they could have visual contact with one of the tutors, while still being able to hear the other three singing. Also, the subjects were rotated so that their visual contact with one tutor varied between the tutors. The subjects were there when they were 33 to 94 days old, with the assumption that their sensitive phase lay some time in this time period.
When the subjects started singing the next spring, their repertoires were analyzed. The average was seven song types per subject. This does correspond with birds raised exclusively in the wild by their parents. Eight of the nine subjects learned songs from two or more of the tutors and later imitated these songs.
In similar experiments in which some birds are exposed to tutors and some are raised in isolation, those birds that were exposed to tutors almost always tend to imitate pieces and even complete songs. Those birds raised in isolation always sang isolate songs. These isolate songs were similar to each other and consist of much more structurally simpler songs than males raised with normal song exposure.
重点词汇：
song sparrows: 北美歌雀
broods：窝
aviary：鸟舍
subject：实验的对象
adjacent to：与…连接的
rotated：旋转的
repertoires：整段乐曲
correspond with：相符合，相一致
exclusively：专门的，排外的
isolation：孤立，隔离
托福考试阅读辅导：阅读词汇精选
impertinent adj.无关，鲁莽，不相干
impenitent adj.不悔悟的 n.不悔悟的人
nonchalant adj.冷淡的，满不在乎的
immobile adj.静止的 n.稳定
breeze n.微风
frost n.霜
seep v.渗漏
plummet v.骤然跌落
fine shadow n.细微的差别
black gold n.石油
black diamond n.煤
as……go n.和……相比
skull n.头骨
cranial adj.头盖的
earthquake n.地震
seismic adj.地震的
succint/concise/terse adj.简洁的
furnace n.暖气
mundane adj.
overlook v.源：考试大
阅读词组精选
on the right track——well on one's way
whales on the beach n.不呆在该呆的位置上
be engrossed in/be absorbed in/in absession with/concentrate on 表全神贯注
urban crowding n.城市人口集中化
social stress n.社会压力
pilot reclamation project n.试验性改造工程
be indulged in 沉迷于
分组词汇精选
Geology
canal n.运河
core n.地核
crater n火山口
crust n.地壳
cycle n.天体的循环
dam n.水坝
debris n.碎片，岩屑
deformation n.变形
diversity n.多样性
edge n.边缘，边界
erosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀
eruption n.爆发，火山灰
former n.形成者，模型
frontier n.边界，新开发的地带
funnel n.漏斗
glacier n.冰川
interval n.时间间隔
lodge n.小屋
mantle n.地幔
margin n.(湖，池等的)边缘
offshore adj.海面上的，远离岸的
orbit n.轨道
range n.山脉，多山的地区
mountain range
mountain chain
knot n.山脉的交结点
summit，top，crest，peak n.山顶
ravine n.峡谷
canyon n.峡谷
gorge n.峡谷
crevice n.断裂
precipice n.悬崖
cliff n.悬崖
receptacle n.接受器，容器，储存器
remnant n.残余物
ridge n.脊背
sediment n.沉淀物
slope n.斜坡
tectonics n.构造学
topography n.地形学，地貌学
tunnel n.隧道，地道
apply v.应用
cluster v.丛生，群聚
collide v.碰撞
compact v.压紧，固结
concentrate v.集中
conduct v.传导
demolish v.破坏，粉碎
diffuse v.传播，扩散
dispose v.处理，处置
distribute v.散布，分布
drill v.钻孔，钻通
eliminate v.排除
erode v.侵蚀
evaporate v.蒸发
extract v.开采，提炼
hem v.给……镶边，包围
hypothesize v.假设
insulate v.隔离
melt v.融化
impertinent adj.无关，鲁莽，不相干
impenitent adj.不悔悟的 n.不悔悟的人
nonchalant adj.冷淡的，满不在乎的
immobile adj.静止的 n.稳定
breeze n.微风
frost n.霜
seep v.渗漏
plummet v.骤然跌落
fine shadow n.细微的差别
black gold n.石油
black diamond n.煤
as……go n.和……相比
skull n.头骨
cranial adj.头盖的
earthquake n.地震
seismic adj.地震的
succint/concise/terse adj.简洁的
furnace n.暖气
mundane adj.
ordinary
overlook v.
neglect
篇8：托福阅读提分难度大怎么办
托福阅读提分难度大怎么办?3个高正确率做题方法技巧分享
重视阅读词汇一词多义问题
熟悉托福考试的同学都知道，托福阅读试题中的词汇题经常会出现一些难度比较大的词汇，因此在做词汇题时，许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关，认识单词能做对，不认识单词就会做错。事实上，很多人存在的问题反而是那些认识的单词经常做错，不认识的单词反而能做对。究其原因，做不认识单词时，考生往往会仔细研读词汇题的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时，大家就更容易忽略上下文的重要性，往往是装模作样的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉择。所以，做好词汇题关键在于端正态度，对于生词本就应该引起重视，而对于熟词也绝不能放松大意。
看文章要带着问题边看边找答案
在考试的时候，很多考生一拿到试卷便直接翻看后面的题目，自己揣测题意。在这种方法相当于瞎子摸象，对文章只有局部而主观的认知，整个文章的概念是根本无法获得的。以自己的思想去猜测文章大意，很多时候会偏离主旨。所以，这种不看文章直接做题的方法是极其危险的。建议大家先看过题目不要看选项，然后带着题目看文章，看完后再解题，这样才是比较符合考试要求的阅读做题顺序方法。
阅读文章避免过于精读保证速度
有些同学与上述情况则相反，过度地依赖文章，在看到试卷之后，一字不将文章精读一遍再做题。如果你的阅读速度超群，或者这篇文章你很熟悉，那这样做未尝不可。但是一般来说，仔细精读文章会导致做题时间严重不足。要知道，阅读理解测试的不止是理解，更是速度。
以上就是小编为大家指点的托福阅读的实用提分技巧方法，相信通过上文内容，大家再结合一些实际练习就能掌握这些方法，让自己的托福成绩得到有效提升。
托福阅读长难句：学龄前预备项目
(In addition), results (from other types of preschool readiness programs)indicate that those (who participate and graduate) are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, (for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)(TPO31, 55)
分析：
这个句子的主干：results indicate that
后面从句是一个并列结构：those are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete schoolthan readiness program
修饰一：(In addition)，介词短语
中文：另外
修饰二：(from other types of preschool readiness programs)，介词短语
中文：来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目
修饰三：(who participate and graduate)，从句，修饰those
中文：参加并且毕业
修饰四：(for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)，从句
注意从句里面还有一个从句，即by the time+从句 the graduates reached the age of 27，此处的by the time可看成连词，像anytime/every time/the moment一样。
中文：因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元
参考翻译：
另外，来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目的结果表明：那些参加过学前项目并毕业的人重读可能性更少，他们更愿意完成学校而不是预备项目，因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元。
托福阅读长难句：肥沃土地的杂草
A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field. (TPO32, 56)
fertile /'fɜːtaɪl/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的
plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>，用犁耕<地>
compact /kəm'pækt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起
coarse /kɔːs/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的，粗俗的;
A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construction site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.) (TPO32, 56)
长难句分析：
这个句子的主干部分是：
A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation
whereas然而，表示对比，对比两种情况
修饰一：(by a large variety of weeds) ，介词短语
中文：被各种各样的杂草
修饰二：(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ，从句，修饰a neighboring construction site
这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了，这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了，注意断句不要出问题，这种现象之前我们碰到很多了。
中文：这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material，学术名词)
修饰三：(for many months or even years) ，介词短语
中文：几个月偶然甚至是几年
修饰四：(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ，介词短语
中文：尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子
参考翻译：
一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵，然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖，尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。
篇9：托福阅读备考提分攻略
托福阅读备考提分攻略 从100分到110分你需要这么练
进一步提升长难句应对技巧
托福考试能够考到一百分，或者说阅读能够拿到25分的同学，在应对阅读长难句方面一般都是问题不太大的，很多考生即使长难句看起来仍然有点吃力，但也会有一些能够在避免长难句干扰的前提下正确解答题目的经验技巧。但如果大家还想要让阅读得分跟上一层楼，那么面对长难句，就必须具备能够直接看懂的正面突破能力而不能总想着看到长难句绕着走。所以，考生在阅读备考中，首先要做的就是学会拆分解读长难句，并在此基础上锻炼出快速阅读和理解长难句的能力。托福阅读 25分而不是30分，对于长难句的处理可能在细节上还有一些问题，有时候仍会出现一些纰漏。考生如果能够进一步提升托福阅读长难句的应对能力，那么阅读提分也会更有把握。
学会拆分各段落结构找观点
除了长难句外，考生另一个可以进一步提升的提分点就在于看懂段落结构。25分阶段的考生想要找到各个段落的中心句主旨句应该已经有一定经验，但能否找得快找得准，能否快速区分出每个段落中的主旨内容和细节部分，这其中其实还是有一些提升空间的。而且托福阅读文章也并非每篇每段都是先主旨后细节的结构，不同类型的文章，比如议论文和说明文在文章段落结构上就存在明显差异，还有些比较奇葩的文章也有可能把主旨句藏头露尾，这也需要考生掌握一定技巧才能顺利找对内容。总之，学会拆分托福阅读文章的各个段落，准确高效地找到观点主旨区分出细节论据，这也是考生需要努力的提升方向。
强化总结题型的得分能力
最后，很多托福考生之所以只拿到25分而不是30分，很多时候问题都是处在阅读的最后一题，也就是六选三总结题型上。这个题型独特的解题要求以及和边读文章边做题模式格格不入的解题思路，总是会让很多同学遭遇挫败。因此，如果大家的目标是进一步提分，尽可能保证和提升总结题的得分能力也是必不可缺的。了解总结题的题型特点，摸清做题的具体方式，之后通过实际训练来分析出选项对错并提升答题熟练度积累解题经验，这些方式都能够帮助大家在面对总结题时更为游刃有余地进行解答，从而让托福阅读得分更上一层楼。
总而言之，托福阅读25分虽然已经足以自傲，但如果大家对自己要求更高，想要挑战阅读满分或是托福110分，那么上面这些进一步备考提分的经验心得，还请大家认真学习起来。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：英国国王运送外国雇佣兵
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty andperfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
词汇讲解：
mercenary= n.外国雇佣兵
desolation= n.荒凉;废墟
tyranny= n.暴政
circumstance= n.情形
cruelty= n.残忍
perfidy= n.背信弃义
scarcely= ad.很少
parallel= a.相似的;比得上的
barbarous= a.残暴的
unworthy= a.不配的
句子分析：
【主干】
He is transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
他(英国国王)正在运送大批外国雇佣兵，来从事勾当，他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。
【成分分析】
at this time 状语
of death, desolation and tyranny 定语，修饰works
already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy 定语，修饰works
scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages定语，修饰cruelty and perfidy
参考翻译：
他(英国国王)此时正在运送大批外国雇佣兵，来从事其制造死亡、废墟和暴政的勾当，其残忍与卑劣从一开始就连最野蛮的时代也难以相比，他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：国会不得制定的法律
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
词汇讲解：
congress= n.国会
respect= v.关于 (熟词僻意)
establishment= n.确立
religion= n.宗教
prohibit= v.禁止
thereof= ad.其
abridge= v.限制
assemble= v.集会
petition= v.请求
redress= n.补偿;纠正
grievance= n.委屈;不平之事
句子分析：
【主干】
Congress shall make no law
【成分分析】
1. respecting an establishment of religion, 定语1，修饰law
2. or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; 定语2，修饰law
3. or abridging the freedom or the right 定语3，修饰law
4. of speech, or of the press; 定语，修饰the freedom
5. of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 定语，修饰the right
参考翻译：
国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由;剥夺言论自由或出版自由;或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：废除已习惯的政府形式
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. ----The Declaration of Independence
词汇讲解：
prudence= n.审慎
dictate= v.口述;规定
transient= a.短暂的
accordingly= ad.因此
disposed= a.愿意的;倾向的
sufferable= a.可容忍的
right= v.纠正;恢复
abolish= v.废除
accustomed= a.习惯的
结构分析：
【主干】
Prudence will dictate that + 宾语从句1
【宾语从句1主干】
governments should not be changed; and accordingly all experience hath shown that+宾语从句2
【宾语从句2主干】
mankind are more disposed to suffer than to right themselves
【成分分析】
long established 定语，修饰governments
for light and transient causes 状语
, while evils are sufferable, 插入语
by abolishing the forms 状语
to which they are accustomed.定语，修饰forms
参考翻译：
若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。
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