5种方法提高托福写作备考效率
“三番月半子”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了6篇5种方法提高托福写作备考效率,以下是小编为大家整理后的5种方法提高托福写作备考效率,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
篇1:5种方法提高托福写作备考效率
5种方法提高托福写作备考效率
一.托福写作题库量太大,学会压缩
托福写作题库中一共有一百多个题目,如果说每个题目都准备一篇范文是相当不可取的,效率太低,完全没有必要,压缩题库的方法主要有2种。
1.将题库分类。每个分类写1~2篇就可以解决这个类的题目。
2.寻找文章之间的共通点,互相转化。
二.托福写作审题时间不宜太长
托福写作是闭卷考试,那么你花上3~5分钟的时间去审题,去构思,是很必要的。但是,实际情况是,独立写作是开卷考试,首先题库公开,它的题型和题材都不会超出题库的范围。
你总会在题库中找到类似的题目,加之机经的强大力量,使得托福写作真的成了开卷考试。既然是开卷考试,大家就应该把审题的工作放到考试之前做,争取在1分钟之内完成,不要浪费时间,把时间用在打字上,而不是思考上。那些思维风暴、切题思路之类的,应该是事先已经准备过,训练过的。如果考到了从来没接触过的题,只能说明没有准备到位,如果审题时间超过了2分钟,那么准备也没有到位,这就是开卷考试的备考思维,满分不是临场发挥出来的,而是准备出来的。
三. 利用好托福写作范文
学习范文后,考生可以开始针对不同话题的文章提出自己的观点。列提纲,寻找supporting details。这样,做好了充分的准备,就可以有真正的开始练笔阶段。需要说明的是,如果同学们没有好的模拟写作小软件,建议使用windows自带的写字板,切忌使用Microsoft Word等具有纠错功能的软件进行模拟写作。这是因为托福写作中拼写错误也是会导致扣分的,而自带的纠错软件会帮助考生修整这个问题,让大家无法注意到自己的拼写问题,真正考试的时候容易出现错误。而在练笔的最初阶段考生可以不计时间,但熟悉了写作的流程后一定要每次写作都计时,模拟真实的考试环境。
四.不抄万能模板,整理出自己的写作模板
最开始练习independent writing独立写作时,同学们往往会遇到不知如何下手的问题。因此,在练习的初期,可以先阅读一些托福写作的范文、相关书籍以及阅读精读里面的文章,注意作者的文章结构和展开方式,同时积累例子和细节。这样,我们对于独立写作的套路就有了基本的了解。另外在关注文章的展开方式时,我们同样可以学习范文里的句式结构和高深的词汇。这并不是鼓励大家抄袭,而是希望考生能够通过模仿真正掌握较高级的句子结构和较复杂的词汇,这些都会给我们的作文加分。
五.综合写作练好总结归纳能力
Integrated writing部分也就是综合写作是听力和写作的结合,不需要大家发表个人观点,因此考察的是听力能力和复述的能力。在听力之前的三分钟要认真阅读题目中的文字,文字中会有3个支持文字观点的论据,听力则会针对这三个观点逐个展开。对于听力部分,同样提醒大家要多做笔记,记住细节,在作文展开中体现出来。一篇高分的综合写作一定有变化多样的句式,这个在我们准备模版的时候一定要体现出来。在托福写作高分的道路上,需要一点运气和技巧,但更多的是平时的努力。俗话说熟能生巧,想要写出高分作文,还是那句话:多练习!
托福考试作文独立写作范文:你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大
托福写作真题题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Your job has a greater effect on one’s overall happiness than your social life does.
209月24日托福独立写作真题
Your job has more effects on happiness than your social life does.
题目大意: 你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大。此题目涉及到抽象词“幸福”,可能小伙伴们会觉得有些难度,如果大家了解马斯洛的需求层次理论的话,本题目并不难,波波建议大家选择,两者对于幸福有同样的作用,因为工作满足了我们的物质需求,而社交生活满足了我们的社交需求。
写作参考一:
There is no denying that happiness originates in the acts of meeting people's various needs. Nowadays some people claim that happiness is more affected by the job they owned than their social life. This is a popular misunderstanding. As far as I am concerned, social life and jobs have the equal role in making people feel happy, because they can respectively satisfy people's different needs.
On the one hand, a decent and well-paid job can provide us with a large amount of money, which could fulfill our material needs and improve our living standards. For example, with adequate financial resources we can live in a spacious and well-decorated house with six bedrooms and eight restrooms. We can travel around the world and visit the Forbidden City inChina, the Liberty Statue inAmericaand the Big Ben inBritain. In addition, such a good deal of money enables us to keep fit by having nutritious diet and mineral water transferred from the water source. Meanwhile, we can hire a personal doctor around the clock in case of any emergence of disease. We do not have to wait for a long time by standing in the long and crowed lines of patients in hospitals. All these things will definitely make us feel happy.
On the other hand, the important role of social life in helping us attain happiness can not be ignored. Confucius, one of the greatest philosophers and educators inChina, once remarked that it is a pleasant thing to meet with a friend from afar, which indicates that friendship is another source of happiness. Participation in social activities will enlarge our social circle and make us make acquaintance with more people. For example, if you are a bookworm, you can take part in readers' association where you will encounter a lot people who share a common interest. Chatting and talking with them will help form a deep friendship and make you have a better mood. The reason underlying the above example is that your need of communicating with others is met by participating in social life.
In conclusion, since happiness depends on the fulfillment of one's need, social life and jobs combines together to make us happy. It is an exaggeration to say that your job has more effects on happiness than your social life.
写作参考二:
People tend to have different expectations out of a job, like personal satisfaction, higher pay, respect, and social recognition. Some people are so dedicated to their jobs that they barely have something fun life, while others tend to seek happiness outside of their professional life. Personally, I think my job has a greater impact on my overall happiness than my social life based on the following reasons.
First off, for professionals, especially newly minted college graduates, a job can provide them a great sense of satisfaction. When holding a job, one feels that he or she assumes great responsibility and has something offer back to the community regardless of ones’ positions, be it cashier, janitor, professor or even business managers. For instance, an Executive Officer can help to create jobs that benefit lots of people; chefs can create a new dish and release his creativity, at the same time customers will be amazed by his new dish; a professor gets a great sense of accomplishment when he imparts knowledge to his students or comes up a groundbreaking finding in a certain academic field. Though the happiness and satisfaction can be subtle in a working environment, nonetheless, it can be very contagious and eventually makes someone a satisfied person in life.
Additionally, holding a job can offer someone monetary incentive and it can also be an important source of motivation and happiness. Without a decent salary one cannot afford the daily necessities like paying rent, covering living expense, like utility bills, internet bills, to say nothing about living a comfortable life. A recent study on the correlation between monetary compensation and employee satisfactions published by Harvard Business Review suggests that higher financial reward affords great happiness in a working environment. Indeed, the monetary reward from the job can make someone very happy and give them a sense of achievement. With the salary, a young adult can have some disposable income and thus be more financially independent, buy things they like or take a trip somewhere.
In conclusion, a job can provide more happiness than one’s social life since career opportunities provide people a great sense of satisfaction and the monetary incentive associated with jobs can also be an important source of motivation and happiness.
托福考试作文独立写作范文:通过别人喜欢的书或电影了解一个人
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: One can learn a lot about another person from the books and the movies that the person likes.
范文参考:
Spending a significant amount of time with someone is necessary to get to know their personalities and temperaments. Sometimes, people can also tell a person’s quality and determine his or her personality by analyzing their behaviors. When it comes to the question of whether one can learn about another person from the books or movies that the person likes, I personally am in favor of this statement based on the following reasons.
First off, by judging from the books or movies or even TV programs that someone like we can tell a person’s interests and hobbies, consequently we can learn more about them. For example, My roommate back in college was really into auto magazines, TV shows and even movies featuring fancy sports cars. At first, I didn’t know him so well to know his hobbies and interests, however, I was sure at that time that he must have been a big fan of cars. Indeed, my judgment was right and he was a car freak, he likes all kinds of vehicles like sedan, SUV, recreational vehicles, etc. It is not an exaggeration to claim that he can tell not only the brand but also the version of a specific vehicle by just checking out the picture of the cockpit of the car. Ultimately, we can tell a person’s hobbies by the movies and books they like.
Additionally, the genre of the books that someone reads says a lot about the person’s character and temperament. Actually, it is natural for someone to shape their characters just because the characters in the novels or movies have a dramatic impact on the person’s behavior and attitude, regardless of the types of the characters like fairy, alien or someone with superpower. For instance, girls who read a lot of romantic novels like Gone With the Wind might be very emotional and very committed to someone they love. For someone who read science fiction novels or watch movies featuring future events and exploration of outer space tend to be very creative and willing to take risks, to be more specific, they might be someone who friends can depend on when they got stuck in some sort of exploration.
For someone who likes to read classics of all times like the works by Jane Austen or Ernest Hemingway, they tend to cherish the simplicities and trivialities in lives.
In a nutshell, by judging from the genre of the book that someone reads, not only can we tell a lot about the person’s interests and hobbies but also the person's character and temperament.
英语写作
篇2:托福写作如何提高构思效率
其实想必绝大多数研究过托福高分作文的同学们都知道托福作文就是传统的龙头凤尾猪肚子这样的写作方式。第一段表明自己的观点,然后接下来每一段一开始给出分论点,最后一段进行总结,就这么简单。
但是实际上,这种思维方向并不完全正确,只是在从很宏观的角度来思考。提升托福写作速度的诀窍是向微观细节的角度去寻找突破口。比如当我们在想建筑对社会很好这个题目时,从宏观想理由以及例子是比较困难的,但是如果我们想得很细,比如可以说赵州桥这样既有实用价值也有观赏价值的例子,那就能做到言之有物了。所以,减少构思的过程的时间消耗,需要大家从细节去多考虑。
托福写作怎样减少表达用时?
其实对于表达的过程来说,我们也知道一句话,叫做日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长作岭南人。换句话说,也就是要第一熟悉这门语言,然后多使用这门语言。
想要做到熟悉其实可以靠多做中译英的翻译就会有所改进,比如说我们可以用各类托福写作训练的软件和资料,亦或者是一些网站,将我们自己的作文按照对方地道的原文进行修改。以这样的方法,通过大量的进行中译英的转换,来增加我们的熟练度,这样就可以逐步削减我们的思考怎样表达的时间。
托福写作展开段落编不下去怎么办
那就不编了,我们换种方式。请follow我的脚步,我们一起来看看
首先,请各位记住一个公式:a+= b+/ b-/a+
“老师,这不是数学么?啥意思啊” let me explain
若段内展开时你想说a好,那么你可以先写a的对立面b不错,但是并不用展开讨论,这时候马上说b的不好,论证结束时说显然,还是a最好。 通过“对比说理”来完成你的文章。好,下面我们来举个例子说明。
First, allowing children to make decisionson their own can strengthen the bonds. Sure, restricting children’s behaviorcan work like a charm to some extent, but if parents overstep, chances are thekid would end up frustrated and upset. However, things could be totally theopposite if children are allowed to choose their own path and follow their ownheart. A sense of trust will build up, and they are more likely to open up andnext time when problems show up they’d turn to parents for help.
解析:
这个段落当中,不难发现t.s.句:结论前置,允许孩子自己做决策可以加强和父母之间的情感纽带。这其实就是我们的a+,那么下面由sure,引导b+,诚然限制孩子的行为也能起作用(注意请记下语料:work like a charm 起作用),不用展开马上转回,然而这样做父母可能过度干涉孩子的隐私,导致孩子沮丧压抑。说完我们的b-之后 however连接,然而还是a更好,如果孩子可以追求自己的路,追寻自己的内心的话,事情将会适得其反。他们会被信任而且问题出现时,孩子更愿意与父母沟通,敞开心扉。由此,我们可以清晰的看见本文的逻辑思路即:b+/b-/a+。全文并没有通过举例例证来展开文章,而是通过对比说理来展开。好,那么这段写到这里能得到满分么?No,no,no,还没这么简单。本段缺失了大量的细节,比如家长如何overstep?孩子为什么frustrated?孩子追寻怎么选择自己的路怎么追寻了内心呢?为什么她们更愿意敞开心扉呢?这些细节,都没有在全文展开。也就是说,逻辑思维成立,但缺失细节,我们的文章也拿不到高分。
好,那如何展开细节呢?请小伙伴们读读下面的修改版段落(注意:请各位同学读的过程中有意识的把细节用不同的颜色笔画出来~~and 记住好的语言表达!!)
First, allowing children to make decisions on their own can strengthen the bonds.Sure, restricting children’s behavior can work like a charm to some extent, but it is not uncommon to spot generation gap around, where children refuse to share stuff with their parents. To trace back causes, parents are sometimes to blame. When parents prevent children from every activity that they think may cause harm, what message does it send to teenagers? They cannot be trusted and their parents have no faith in them. It is especially true for rebellious adolescents. They want to break free, hoping voices to be heard and actions to be understood. If parents fail to see that and overstep, chances are the kid would end up frustrated and upset. However,things could be totally the opposite if children are allowed to choose their own path and follow their own heart. When children get a say in choosing what kind of college major to pursue or choosing what kind of friends to hang outwith, they will feel that they’d being treated as adults. A sense of trust will build up, and they are more likely to open up and next time when problems show up they’d turn to parents for help.
解析:
红色字体的内容你能看出来是谁的细节么?
Yes, 就是overstep和frustrated的细节! 父母怎么干涉的? 父母限制了所有可能对孩子有害的社交活动,孩子不被信任,父母对他们没有信息。那么孩子呢?需要自由,需要自己的声音被别人听到,行为被别人理解(如果都没有,他们最终崩溃)。满满的都是细节啊!
其次,孩子怎么追寻道路,如何遵从内心呢? 孩子选择了专业和选择了朋友这就是细节啊!so,第二段满满的细节各位,你看懂了么?
托福写作解析:容易出错的两个名词性从句
托福写作解析之表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中做表语的名词性从句,一般放在系动词之后。表语从句的结构是主要+系动词+表语从句。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等等,可以接表语从句的结构有the reason why…is …that和it is because等。它在从句中主要起的作用是对主语进行解释说明。可以引导表语从句的连接词有that/whether/as if,连接代词有who/whom/whose/which/that,连接副词有when/where/why/how/because等等。比如在表达这就是因为我们那个时候需要钱的时候考生就可以使用表语从句即That’s because we were in need of money at that time.
托福写作解析之宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中做主句的宾语,它的结构一般是主语+连词(引导词)+宾语从句。①当宾语从句是陈述句的时候,一般由连词that引导,但是因为that在从句中并不做任何成分,也没有任何具体的意思,所以在托福写作考试中,that可以省略。比如考生在表达她说他不会参加明天的运动会的时候可以这样表达She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.但是需要考生注意的是当宾语从句中的that做介词宾语的时候或者当that从句与另一名词性从句并列做宾语的时候,第二个that是不可省的。即在The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.中介词in之后的that不可省略。
②当宾语从句是一般疑问句的时候,引导词就可以换成连词whether或者if,译为是否,因为这些连词有一定的意义,所以考生在使用的过程中不能省略。比如考生在表达Lily想知道她的姥姥喜不喜欢她的包的时候就可以这样组织语言.Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the handbag.
③当宾语从句是特殊疑问句的时候,可以由连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose或者连接副词when,where,how,why等引导,这些词汇在从句中往往也担任一定的句子成分,所以不能省略。
托福写作解析:容易出现的5个问题
1、词序问题
尤其是副词的位置。因为有时候修饰词位于句子中的位置不同,会引起句子的含义的变化。所以为了减少误解和不必要的错误,考生在下笔的时候要注意词序问题,句首、句中、句末要仔细斟酌。
2、词汇搭配
很常见的问题,就是考生写的句子,如果一个一个拆开来看单个的单词都没问题,整句句子可能就会产生问题了。举个最简单的例子:The price of the ticket is very cheap. 其实问题说到底还是没有转化语言思维,依然是中文翻英文。中文我们习惯表达票子价格很便宜,而英文里面对应price的是high 和 low,这里就出现了词汇搭配问题。所以考生们平时记忆单词的时候,一定要注意它的用法,看一些例句加深理解。
3、各种不一致
比如性数配合不一致,主谓不一致,时态不一致等等。这里就不多加举例了。
4、指代不清
这是写作中最为常见的问题。归根结底,还是在于考生以中文思路对待英语作文,习惯性地把中文翻译成英文,所以最终出现了指代不清这一常见问题。举个最简单的例子,Many parents have cute girls, and they like to stay with each other.这里的they就是指代不清,究竟是many parents还是cute girls?其实这只是一个很简单的例子,很多时候没有那么明显的指代不清。尤其是当考生喜欢用常常的定语从句的时候,指代不清的现象就更为突出。比如which的指代,究竟是指代前面的一个名词,还是整句句子,考生在这一点上要尤为关注。
5、冗长、累赘
考生有时候觉得使用一些同义替换会给文章增添色彩。诚然这是对的,但是有时候考生过度地使用一些词汇,使得文章看起来比较冗长和累赘。比如:有时候使用As a matter of fact还不如使用Actually来得简洁。考生有时候对于从句依赖程度过多,有时候可以用一个形容词代替的就不要使用定语从句。
篇3:有效提高晚上学习效率的5种方法
1、明确今天晚上学习的目标,学到什么程度才可以睡觉。
2、在学习之前不要上网、看电视、电影、玩游戏、打电话和闲聊。
通过和部分进步缓慢的精英特学员的交流,我发现他们有个共同点就是:在快速阅读训练之前没有安静下来,而是喜欢打打电话闲聊、还挂着QQ之类的聊天工具、或者上网到处逛逛或看会电影、打打游戏,经常不知不觉中就花很长的时间。一开始训练就不能集中注意力了,最后的结果就是成绩不理想、没有进步、自己也感觉不到学习的快乐。
所以小编建议有上述情况的学员可以自己给自己定下来一个规则,先完成当晚的计划和目标,然后在上网、看电影或玩游戏。如果遇到特殊的情况,不得不上网,给自己找个定时的软件或者使用手机上的闹钟功能,定下时间。时间到了之后,坚决断线。手机最好也关掉或改为静音,放在不被打扰的地方。如果你跟其他人一起住,告诉同学、家人或朋友我开始学习了,不要进来打扰。开始学习。这样做一段时间,你会发现自己睡觉的时间又提前了不少。
3、晚饭不要吃得过饱,少吃肉多吃素食。
现在人都挺忙的,白天基本没时间好好吃饭,因此忙碌一天的晚饭通常都比较丰盛又有时间来吃,但是时间长了发现自己的体重增加的很多,晚上学习的时候非常容易困,效率很差,而且对肠胃也不好。在这里,小编建议大伙可以尝试午餐吃好点,晚上吃得简单一些,而且尽量吃些青菜。如果这样做了的话,你会发现学习效率会提高不少呢。
4、在晚上学习时多喝水少喝饮料,不要吃糖、喝咖啡或喝茶。
一般晚上学习时,最先想到的就是喝咖啡或喝茶提神。咖啡因的确会让人精神振奋,但最新研究发现,咖啡因对提升工作效率不见得有效,即使有用,也仅能维持短时间效果。另外,咖啡因虽然提神,相对地会消耗体内与神经、肌肉协调有关的维生素B,缺乏维生素B的人本来就比较容易累,更可能形成恶性循环,养成酗茶、酗咖啡的习惯。如果你真的要喝,一定要喝饮热的,浓度不要太高,容易伤胃。糖也是一样,会减慢你大脑的思维速度,影响你的判断。最好多喝水,开水和凉开水最好,矿泉水其次,千万不要喝所谓的纯净水,会让你身体的水分流失更快,累的更快。
5、花钱买个好一点的台灯。
合适的灯光会让你的眼睛舒服,反之容易使眼肌疲劳、视力下降。同时充足的光线,也不容易犯困。为了你的眼睛还是不要在这方面省钱,多花点钱买个好点的台灯,会对你的帮助更大。多吃一点干果、胡萝卜、韭菜等富含维生素A的食物,以及富含维生素B的瘦肉、鱼肉、猪肝等动物性食品都会对你的眼睛有帮助。快速阅读训练中缓解眼睛疲劳的方法
篇4:如何提高GRE备考效率
如何提高你的GRE备考效率 词汇篇知识大全分类汇总
十年前当时流传的言论是,考GRE几乎就等同于背单词。所有复习GRE的学生,几乎会把自己一半以上的复习时间都用在背《红宝书》上,而且传说这本书得翻来覆去背50遍才能达到考试要求。这种言论的影响力是如此之大,以至于现在GRE班上的学生仍然以为自己考不好新G主要是自己词汇量的缺陷,或者只要词汇搞定了,之后的复习就是一马平川。那么,就让我们来考虑一下词汇对于最终的GRE成绩有多大影响,以及我们到底应该采取什么策略来学习。
毫无疑问,最需要词汇量的部分就是填空了。以下面题目为例:
The students’ ______ nature were in sharp contrast to the imperturbable disposition of their teacher.
A. volatile
B. duplicitous
C. apathetic
D. cunning
E. blithe
诸如此类的题目在GRE填空中屡见不鲜,它的特点是,句内逻辑关系清晰,几乎所有人都知道空中要填的是和imperturbable相反的词。因此,这道题最后能不能做对,完全取决于考生是否认识imperturbable以及各个选项的单词。
原则上,填空可能会考到的单词量是无法精确测量的,毕竟ETS并没有一个所谓的单词范围。但这绝不意味着学生们需要无限量的背单词,或是选择单词量最大的GRE词汇书。为什么呢?首先,据统计,新GRE改革以来一共在填空考试中出现过的单词,除去六级考试考纲以内的单词,一共只有1700个不到,这个量显然不算夸张。这个数据告诉我们,如果我们要在填空中取得好的成绩,单词方面,我们在保证4、6级的单词熟练掌握的基础上,并不需要去背三四千个海量的单词。
没有必要追求1700这个数字,而是要先学习GRE核心单词库。
其次,也是更重要的是,即便1700这个数字其实都是没有必要达到的,因为这其中包含了一些只出现过一次,甚至都不是正确答案的单词。比如,今年有一次考试出现了caterwaul这个单词,过去所有GRE词汇书都没有收录,但我们完全没有必要因为这个疏漏而自责。《红宝书》中的海量单词确实都是过去GRE考试曾经出过的,但其中大量的单词都是只出现过一两次,再也没有考过的不重要单词。然而,假如考生以这么大的词汇库作为目标,花N倍于常人的努力,却只换回了极少数题目的额外正确率,前提还是那些单词背过了。
《红宝书》这样的单词库没有能够体现一个对同学们重要的变量,那就是词频。Avalanche(山崩)和Disparate(不同的)都是其中收录的词,哪个重要,你需要先背哪个?它并没有告诉你。事实是,像Avalanche这样的专有名词,出现的本来就不多,况且,在考场上不认识,几乎没有一点影响。于是,我们见到了很多GRE考生中的“词霸”,考场上却没有取得和词汇量成比例的成绩,就是因为他们把有限的经历花在了投入产出比相当低的地方。
因此,我们的建议是,一定要首先学习GRE核心单词库。什么是GRE的核心单词?比如表示“难懂的”这个意思的词汇 (impenetrable, arcane, inscrutable, unfathomable, esoteric, recondite, abstruse),比如跟“矛盾、不同”意思相关的词汇 (irony, paradox, contradiction, dilemma, dichotomy, incongruity, inconsistency, incoherence, heterogeneity),是每一次考试都会出现的。对这些词,我们不仅要做到认识,更要做到熟练联系同反义词,因为这部分单词在考试中是投入产出比最高的。
有些考生可能会根据考场经验反驳说,考试中填空有好几道题的单词没有见过,所以最后考砸了。显然,只背核心单词,一定会遇到某些题不认识。这是考砸的主要原因么?绝不可能。同学们必须知道GRE考试是一个容错率很高的考试。举个例子,当我考verbal 168分时,我的准确率是36/40,当我考verbal 163分时,我的准确率是30/40。显然,163分的语文成绩对于绝大部分学生来说都是非常理想的分数了,而得163分的人其实错了四分之一。绝大部分同学只需要一个verbal 155,不少人甚至可以对verbal 150满意,而verbal 150是两个section总共错了过半的。考砸的是哪些人呢?是那些考了140多分的学生。140多分是错了多少题?超过一半,接近错三分之二。这个错误率的同学,不应该抱怨自己速度慢,不应该抱怨核心单词范围小,只应该抱怨自己其实连最简单的,诸如我们前面举过的例子那样基本的题目都没有做对。
不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词,一定要结合题目。
另外一个背单词的注意事项是,不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词。在背完一两遍,对单词有一定印象之后,一定要结合题目。事实是,正常的同学,面对有好几个意思的单词时,基本只会选择第一个意思,或者是最容易记的意思。但是,这个意思不见得是实际会考到的意思。即便是真的记住了多个意思,最重要的能力其实是知道多义词具体什么时候是哪个意思。比如promise这个词,有保证、预示、前途等意思。同学们需要的能力不仅仅是记住三个意思,最关键的是在实际的语句中,能够快速的判断到底是哪个意思。这种能力是做题来的,通过看到在实际考试中,promise的各个意思分别在什么场合下使用,我们能够真正懂得这个单词:做“前途”讲的promise是名词;做“预示”讲的promise是动词,动作发出者应该是事物;做“保证”讲的promise是动词,动作发出者应该是人。
这些能力是单纯的词汇书不会探讨的,并且在过遍数的时候我们不会去想的,只有在结合具体语境时才能意识到。再者,很多单词在词汇书中的中文翻译不合适,会对于做题产生负面影响,此时,一定要选择通过做题挑出这种单词,转而记其英文同义词释义。比如,arbitrary这个词经常被翻译成“独断的”,但其实在考试中,它就等同于random。然而,我们怎么知道哪个单词的中文翻译不准确呢?
我们的建议是,先背一两遍核心单词,记中文意思(这个中文意思可能是不准的,但是在第一阶段我们可以接受),然
后就可以开始做填空题了。此时,如果遇到任何一道题目,明明题目完全理解,但是却不知道填哪个词,这很可能就是单词意义理解不准确,此时一定要看英文同义词释义,以后再记这个单词时,就要抛掉过去的中文解释。有的GRE教师建议大家记单词都记英文释义,这显然是绝大部分同学做不到的;但是,中文释义经常不准怎么办。以上的流程就是为了解决这个问题的。很多同学纯粹拿单词书记单词,不尽快结合考题,导致的结果就是中文意思记得滚瓜烂熟,但对于考试却没什么帮助。
GRE词汇备考技巧揭秘 掌握文化背景方便记忆
chaos (n) 混乱:这个词来自于古希腊神话中最古老的神Chaos,由于这个神一出世的时候世界处于一片非常混乱的状态,所以这个词的意思引申为混乱。
titanic (adj) 巨大的:这个词来自于古希腊神话中12个Titan神,这12个神都长得非常之高大,于是这个词的意思就是巨大的。其实这个词大家不应该陌生,有个著名的电影就是Titanic,那艘船不就是一艘巨大的船吗。
gorgon(n. 丑女):它来自于希腊神话中三个女妖怪Gorgons, 这三个女妖外表非常丑陋,头发都是一条条的蛇,所以引申为丑女。当中的一个女妖Medusa尤其有名,相传别人看了她的眼睛马上就会变成石头,后来被希腊神话著名英雄Perseus所杀。
irisdescent(adj. 彩虹色的):来自于古希腊神话中的彩虹女神Iris, 她是主神Zeus的使者,彩虹的化身,所以引申为彩虹色的。
sphinx(n.谜一样的人或事物):这个词来自于古希腊神话中的著名女妖Sphinx,它出过一个著名的谜语:什么东西早上四条腿,中午两条腿,晚上三条腿,谜底就是我们人类。因为人早上刚出生时用两只手两条腿爬,中午时成年了就站立起来走路也就是两条腿了,晚年时老年了拄根拐杖就三条腿了,所以这个词引申为谜一样的人或事物。后来它被希腊神话中著名英雄Oedipus所杀。
tentalize(v. 逗弄,引诱但是又不给):这个词的词义颇为古怪。它来自于希腊神话中的Tantalus,此君乃是希腊神话中的主神Zeus的儿子,有一次他把很多神请到家里来吃饭,为了考察这帮神是否具有敏锐的洞察力,就把自己的儿子给杀了熬成一锅肉来吃,这帮神觉得Tantalus过于残暴,就惩罚它站在冥河里,每次Tantalus口渴了想要低头喝水时,水面就会下降,这样他就喝不到水了,而Tantalus的头上又有棵果树,每次Tantalus饿了想要吃果子时,一阵风又会把果树吹到半空,这样他也吃不到果子了。所以tantalize就引申为逗弄,引诱但是又不给你。
stentorian(adj.声音十分响亮的):希腊Troy战争中有个传令官叫Stentor,他的声音十分响亮,相传此人一个人的声音可以抵上别人十个人的声音,所以词义为声音十分响亮的。
GRE考试中without的各种常见考法
【常考释义1】
没有,不带(某种感情): If you do something without a particular feeling, you do not have that feeling when you do it.
【例句】
Janet Magnusson watched his approach without enthusiasm... 珍妮特·马格努森冷冷地看着他走过来。
【官方真题1】
The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidencethat the medieval ------natural settings had been ----- and that the outdoors nownow could be enjoyed without trepidation.
(A) fear of.. exorcised
(B) concerns about.. regained
(C) affection for.. surmounted
(D) disinterest in.. alleviated
(E) enthusiasm for.. confronted
浅析:答案选A。在该真题中,without trepidation为不带有恐惧之情的意思。
整一句的含义是:这幅诞生于18世纪的对自然理想化的画画作品是一个证据,那就是在中世纪对自然环境的害怕之情已经被驱赶掉,并且人们在欣赏室外风光的时候也毫无恐惧之情。
该句evidence后有2个同位语从句,前后互为重复关系。而且在时间方面的对比方面:中世纪和现在表明了在过去大家对nature是恐惧的,现在已经不再恐惧,此为恐惧的重复。其次,natural setting 和outdoors为重复的第2处,当然,该句还有其他的重复,限于篇幅的问题,今天姑且不讨论。
【常考释义2】
在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下: If one thing happens without another thing, or if you do something without doing something else, the second thing does not happen or occur.
【例句】
如果主句没有否定的情况下,其实这个考法比较容易理解。
但如果在主句中出现了否定,不少没经过我们的培训的同学问题就来了。
下面我们来看看GRE官方阅读中的一篇文章节选部分:
Why then the two years that passed before he translated his private misgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.
该句很多同学不理解,其实很简单的。
我们先看一个简单的例句
It is not possible to reposition the carpet without damaging it. 想要挪动地毯又不让它损坏是不可能的。
也就是without后面的部分是前面可以做一件事的前提。
也就是,你只有损坏它,你才可以挪动地毯。
有了这个基础,我们再来看刚才那个GRE的难句。
Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policywithoutendangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.
意思估计你也看得懂了,
这里我啰嗦一下,
其实就是说,可能马丁路德金他相信,要想批评美国政府的外交政策又不危害到他已经从联邦政府那里获得的对民权的支持是不可能的。
也就是说,如果他一旦批评了美国的外交政策,那么他已经得到的政府对他民权方面的支持也肯定会受到影响。
【常考释义3】
【官方真题3】
According to one political theorist, a regime that has as
its goal absolute_____, without any_____law or principle, has
declared war on justice.
(A) respectability.. codification of
(B) supremacy ..suppression of
(C) autonomy .. accountability to
(D) fairness .. deviation from
(E) responsibility ..prioritization of
浅析:该题大家可以试试,我个人认为选B。理由是,首先,该句的主干部分是a regime has declared war on justice.同时该题从句部分出现了倒装,上过我的课的同学都应该看得出来,has...as...也就是我们经常说的has A as B .
由于A部分:【absolute_____, without any_____law or principle】出现了复杂的修饰,所以放在B后。也就是出现了has as B A ,也就是说,第一空格和第二空格应该是同义重复。因为without...其实是解释第一空格。把选项B填进去,我们发现,从句部分的A部分【absolute_____, without any_____law or principle的意思是:绝对的至高无上的权力=不受任何法律和原则的抑制。
什么是supremacy呢?也就是凌驾于所有的法律和原则之上,也就是不受任何的法律和原则的suppression.
对吧?
完整的这句话的意思其实我个人非常喜欢:
大意是:
According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolutesupremacy, without any suppression of law or principle, has declared war on justice.
根据一个政治理论家,一个把绝对至高无上的权力,也就是不受任何的法律和原则的约束,当做它的目标的政权(regime),就已经是对公正的宣战。
perfect,isn't it ?
嘻嘻^^
【注意】suppress:to curtail or prohibit the activities of.
除了上面说到的的考法,其实在阅读中,
还有作名词的考法。
我们一起来看看吧
【常考释义4】
外部,外面: an outer place or area
【例句】came from without 从外面回来
【官方真题4】
Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than theIliad,perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,”for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents“life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.
该篇文章中,相信很多考生都做过。
其实我一直强调2点:
1,GRE阅读一般不需要任何的文章背景。
2,看文章切忌简单的翻译,谨记文章的逻辑关系和区别主题与细节,有的放矢地积极看文章即可。
比较讽刺的是,大多数的学生都完全没有独立思考能力,完全是听所谓的权威某某老师或者作品。
纯粹扯淡。
anyway,在这篇文章里,其实主题就是对比或者比较两部作品,具体是什么作品在考试里其实没那么重要,当然,有点文学素养的学生也自然知道是在说荷马的2部牛逼史诗。
这里我们姑且看做O和I。
Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than theIliad,perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers.
第一句说:在荷马的两部史诗里,O一直比I更加popular,可能是因为O包括的一些让读者更加容易理解的神话features.
这一句就是主题,
后面全文都在阐述为何O就是比I受欢迎。
我也说过1千万遍,主题永远都是抽象,概括性的。
而细节永远是对主题的具体重复和延伸。
接着,第2句就来继续说为何O比I更加受欢迎。
Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,”for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents“life-as-experience”: readers are asked toidentify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.
这句如果考生经过我们的难句训练,其实会非常简单。
记得,先分层阅读。
主要的逻辑是:however前后对比。
identify with sb.意思是和谁产生共鸣的意思。
observe在文中其实任何的简单的中文翻译都会显得不多,其实意思和identify with 一样,但如果真的需要翻译,大家可以理解为:了解,认识to come to realize or know especially through consideration of noted facts
比如from without和 the mind。分别是从外面和内心世界的意思。
其次是引号部分的对比。
还有就是两部作品的主角的对比:
hero Odysseus和Achilles的对比。
前者读者从外面来认识Odysseus,而在悲剧中,读者需要和Achilles的内心世界产生共鸣,其实也就是从内心世界来认识Achilles。
GRE的阅读之所以让我为之狂热,其实就是在文章里,
你完全可以体会到作者的文学素养和用词博大精深。
行文滴水不漏,得理的时候又不忘处处让步,转折让步的同时,也必然出现更加滴水不漏的咄咄逼人
GRE考试otherwise含义详解
【常考释义1】
In another way; differently:
以另外的方式;不同地
【例句1】
She thought otherwise.
她从另一个侧面考虑
【例句2】
The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives.
电影公司能通过让艺人坐冷板凳来惩罚他们,并采用其他方式控制他们的生活。
【常考释义2】
Under other circumstances:
否则,不然:在其他的情况下;不然:
【例句】
Otherwise I might have helped.
不然我也许可以帮得上忙的
【常考释义3】
In other respects:
在其他方面:
【例句】
an otherwise logical mind.
在其他方面才有逻辑的头脑
【常考释义4】
if not否则,如果不
【例句】
do what I tell you, otherwise you'll be sorry
【常考释义5】
与之不同地;相反地 You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement.
【例句1】
There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise...
相信我,我已经努力试图说服自己我们之间存有希望,但我们真的是绝对不可能的。
【例句2】
All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated.
若无特殊说明,所有照片均出自该作者。
这个例句,其实和我们在考试题目里经常出现的这么一句很像:
For each of Questions 17 to 20, select one answer choice unless otherwise directed.
现在你应该知道这句话什么意思了吧。
【常考短语1】
or otherwise 或者and otherwise
及其他;或相反;或其反面
You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing.
【例句】
He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise.
他不想跟人搭伴,不管这个伴儿是否健谈。
下面我们来看看官方真题是如何考的。
【官方真题1】
The author of this book----overlooks or minimizes some of the problems and shortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to----the points on which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them.
(A) accidentally.. exaggerate
(B) purposely.. emphasize
(C) occasionally.. counterbalance
(D) intentionally.. confuse
(E) cleverly.. compound
解析:答案为B。该题中,otherwise到底是什么意思呢?
从上面我们给出的释义中,应该是其他方面的意思,
也就是常考释义3。
那么该句中,大意是在说:这本书的作者故意忽略或是尽量减少国外工业的缺点和问题,这些国外的工业在其他方面都是非常成功的,作者这样的目的是为了强调国外工业的优势,对于这些优势我们是可以超越他们的。
其中,本句的in otherwise highly successful 也就是后面的they excel重复。该句的意思是说作者故意忽略国外企业的缺点--也就是强调他们的优势,从而让国内的人们清楚自己的弱点而奋力追赶(emulate)。非常好的一道题目^^
【官方真题2】
Poe's ------- reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ------ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.
(A) thorough.. completed
(B) petulant.. unpopular
(C) insightful.. unappreciated
(D)enthusiastic.. acclaimed
(E) harsh.. undeserving
解析:该题的大意是说:艾伦对当代小说的富有洞察力的评论,总是能够发现出otherwise都不被人欣赏的文学精品中的巨大优点,(这种富有洞察力的评论)一定会使我们尊崇他广为人知的文学天赋之外的判断力。
otherwise在该考题中应该是其他情况下的意思,也就是常考释义2.
答案为C。
篇5:怎样来提高托福写作的效率
怎样来提高托福写作的效率
一、压缩题库
题库中一共有185个题目,如果说每个题目都准备一篇范文是相当不可取的,效率太低,完全没有必要,压缩题库的方法主要有2种:
1、将题库分类。每个分类写1~2篇就可以解决这个类的题目。
2、寻找文章之间的共通点,互相转化。
二、压缩审题的时间
如果说托福写作是闭卷考试,那么你花上3~5分钟的时间去审题,去构思,是很必要的。但是,实际情况是,独立写作是开卷考试,首先题库公开,它的题型和题材都不会超出题库的范围,你总会在题库中找到类似的题目,加之机经的强大力量,使得托福独立写作真的成了开卷考试。既然是开卷考试,大家就应该把审题的工作放到考试之前做,争取在1分钟之内完成,不要浪费时间,把时间用来打字,而不是思考上面。那些思维风暴、切题思路之类的,应该是事先已经准备过,训练过的。如果考到了从来没接触过的题,只能说明没有准备到位,如果审题时间超过了2分钟,那么准备也没有到位,这就是开卷考试的备考思维,满分不是临场发挥出来的,而是准备出来的。
三、提炼自己的模板
从文章的句话到后一句话,你都知道要写什么,并且知道怎么写,甚至每个句子你都掌握了2~3个漂亮的句式,这样你还担心自己拿不到高分吗?再比如,你有50%都已经是固定句式了,也就是成了自己的写作套路,那么你还愁文章写不完么?
比如说,在文章后一句话说:In a word,it is rather superficial to simply say that……+观点,大家想一想,任何事情simplysay都可以说是相当肤浅的。因此这句话就是一句比较的结束语。
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析:送给孩子的礼物
托福写作难点话题一览
What gift would you give to help a child develop?
A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child's development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.
写作思路展开结构分析
这道题目的选择很多,题目本身就已经给出了不少例子,当然大家也可以不用只盯着一个例子写,可以使用it depends的策略,不同年龄的children可以有不同的选择。这样就能多写几个例子了。
本话题高分范文赏析
Child's development is often supplemented by the gifts they receive from important adults in their life. It is important to choose these gifts carefully, and foster growth in the right areas. If I were to give a gift to a child, it would be the game of chess. Chess offers a number of advantages to a child. Chess builds social skills, it encourages the child to develop the higher functions of the brain, and it is a good hobby. As with most games, chess encourages a child to be social with others. As chess is a two-person game, any time children play the game they will be interacting with others. As chess is a competitive game with a winner and a loser, children will have to learn how to lose gracefully if they hope to keep their chess partners. Building social skills when one is young is very important for future successes throughout one's life. Playing chess is also an excellent way to increase one's thinking abilities. Chess is a game of strategy. When playing chess, a child will build important skills such as pattern recognition, strategic thinking, and analytical thinking. All of these skills are very important, especially when going through school. Many subjects a young person must take in school utilize all of these skills, and working on them early in life can be nothing but beneficial. Finally, chess is an excellent hobby for a young person. Playing chess, or any other time-intensive game, keeps children out of trouble. If they are spending their time working on building their chess strategies, they are not out on the streets causing trouble. Many children develop behavioral problems because of simple boredom. Chess is an excellent remedy for this, as it is fun to spend one's free time. Thus, I think chess is an excellent present to give to a young child. Chess encourages both personality and mental development, which are very important in a child's early years. While many gifts will encourage the maturity of one of these types of development, there are few gifts that foster the development of both.
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析:对于广告的看法
托福写作难点话题一览
Do advertisements promote things we do not need or products that may improve our lives?
Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
倾向于同意后者广告的好处:介绍新产品;降低报纸、杂志、电视节目的价格。广告的不良影响(可大多情况下,那不是广告的错,而是制作者的责任,这些可以通过法制解决) 结论是,广告有很多好处,也有一些不足,可是没有广告却是不可以的。
本话题高分范文赏析
Over the last twenty years the amount of adverting we are subjected to in our daily lives has increased dramatically. It has got to the point where one can hardly turn his/her head without seeing a wide array of media images. I tend to agree the fact that advertisements more often than not persuade us into buying things that we do not need. Often it is difficult to discern what a product is from an advertisement. Advertisers prey on our basal emotions, conjuring strong relationships between our primary drives and their product names or logos.
A prime example of this is perfume ads. In many of these types of advertisements there are women in compromising positions, but there is no mention of the actual product for sale. These ads draw us in and make us think that we can be better and more beautiful if we have the product. In addition to being manipulative, advertisements also fill our environments and our consciousness. There is no taboo venue for advertisements; they fill our televisions, radios, streets and elevators. Some advertisers have even taken to placing images of their products in our urinals or on boxers' bodies. It is impossible to get away from them. To illustrate this point, all one has to do is to pick up a popular magazine. While flipping through the pages, one will most likely find that for every page of content there are at least two pages of advertisements. It should also be noted that a significant portion of this so called “content” is actually advertising in disguise.
Finally, advertisements feed on our insecurities and often successfully convince us that we have no value to society without their products. Advertising was originally designed to showcase products and inform us as to how they can improve our lives. This harmless form has been replaced by a medium that viciously attacks our self-confidence and self-esteem. In conclusion, I posit that the main goal of advertisements is to convince us to buy things that we do not need. As globalization continues to shrink the world, advertising coerces all countries to become consumer nations.
篇6:托福写作备考经验
准备工作 写作可谓是展现自己英语实力的最好平台,是显示你综合能力的地方,听力阅读中的词汇,语法,
托福写作备考经验分享
。口语中的思维。结合在一起,经过再加工,写下来,便是写作了。1、单词
再来强调,基础的基础,单词。但是写作对与单词的要求已经不是仅仅认识就可以了。写作,正如这个词所昭示的那样,要求你熟练的使用词汇。如何正确的选择词汇,如何合理的使用他们,都要进入你的考虑范围。因此,在背单词时,注意积累自己的写作核心词汇。在背单词时,大家常常可以发现一些不错的词汇,可以用来表达自己长期以来想表达却因为词汇而无法表达的内容,云云。觉得有用,或者作个记号,或者记到另外一个本子上。
2、词组和同义词
词组和同义词可以丰富你文章的多样性,避免文章因为使用单一的词汇而显得枯燥乏味。同时,使用一些高端词汇更可以为你的文章增色。这些词组和同义词可以在平时的背单词和阅读时积累。也可以在TWE185篇范文中反复挖掘。
顺带一提,研读范文是很有必要的。同样一个题目,范文是如何写的,我是如何写的,比较之下,范文哪里比我写的好,哪些好的地方又值得我借鉴?从范文中也可以挖掘出很多有用的东西。
3、句式与结构
这个是区分高手与新人的一大特点,单词可以死背。同义词可以修改替换。但是灵活的使用句式,并对整个文章的合理把握,想做到这样,确实是一件比较难的事情。“地道”不“地道”也就是这样被区别的。如果说硬逼自己使用“地道”的词,而文章整体却不“地道”。会显得十分生硬。
如何积累着部分的知识呢?大量的阅读,无论是范文,小说,论文。感受别人好的方面,并把他们都记下来。不断的总结,发展为自己的一部分,
备考资料
至于练习。我们下面马上会说到。实战演练 1、综合写作部分
综合写作总体上与独立写作相比是比较简单的,因为它只要求文字准确即可。不要求文字的华丽。但是大部分同学都受制于其阅读和听力部分。尤其是听力,常常听到类似于听不懂或者记不住之类的抱怨。其实,参考托福考试听力部分,经过一番锻炼之后,相信大家不应该会有太 烦。但是为了一防万一。
我是再谈谈一些技巧吧(又是技巧啊~~害人的东西,尽量别用,实力才是王道。)阅读时,能总结多少总结多少,虽然文章还可以看到,可以完了再看,但是提前看好省时间.而且带着问题去和听力比较,听他是反对,支持?会极大的提高你对文章的理解。注意去听,他是他是反对,用了哪些例子?理论?记下这些重要信息。但是,再开始时,推荐听力能记下多少记下多少。 理解其结构后再开始分类其信息。
总体上,记住准确,严禁,质量三个原则就可以了。阅读速度和听力不好的同学们再加把紧吧。
2、独立写作部分
独立写作,没什么捷径,练吧。我的建议是一个星期至少一篇,并在每一篇中尽量使用这个星期新学到的词汇,词组,句式。这样即可以强化记忆,同时也可以实践一下,自己是否可以驾御这写新东西。同时在实践中,渐渐的融为一体,发展自己的风格。
同时,写完后,一定要自己给自己修改,自己给自己纠错很重要,同时也是为了上考场
没事了,也多给别人改改。写的好,借鉴人家的经验,记下好词好句。写的不好,前车之鉴,避免犯同样的错误。子曰:三人行,必有我师。
考场经验 1、打字速度一定要注意,速度不好的同学一定要抓紧时间练。
2、写作部分大家会听到不停的敲键盘的声音,不要害怕,那是无数人的声音合在一起的效果。
3、时间分配一定要注意,最后要给自己检查的时间。
【5种方法提高托福写作备考效率】相关文章:
10.如何提高教学效率
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