托福写作高分学霸备考经验
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篇1：托福写作高分学霸备考经验
托福写作高分学霸备考经验整理 常用功能性句式一览
托福写作29分高手作文句式分享
1. 强调重要性的句式
(1) The importance of ... can never be overestimated.
注释：这个句子可在全文的任何地方出现，可以用于表达观点：As far as I'm concerned, the importance of learning English can never be overestimated.也可以用于总结：Thus, the importance of cultivating a sense of independence can never be overestimated.
(2) ... has been playing an increasingly important role in ...
注释：这个句子可用于开头：Today, Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our society。也可以在段落首用于表达观点，不过我个人通常用于表达观点，因为开头我有固定模板。
(3) ... is a strong determinant of ...
注释：这个句子类似(1)句，也是可以在任何地方出现，比如whether a student has developed some skills is a strong determinant of whether he can get a good job.
2. 权衡对比表达观点的句式
(1) when ..., we need to give full consideration to ...
注释：这句话很显然是用于表达观点的，我一般在第一段的最后一句使用：when deciding on building a chemical plant, the government should give full consideration to the advantages and disadvantages it will bring to the community.
(2) ... is valued more than ...
注释：这句也是用来表达观点的，我一般用在第一段：developing economy is valued more than protecting environment by some people。
(3) favor ... as opposed to ...
注释：相比之下更喜欢，也是用于表达观点：Many people favor protecting the environment as opposed to developing the economy alone.
3. 举例常用句式表达
有三种常用表达：
A perfect example can be found in ...
... serves as a perfect example
... has well illustrated this
例如：A perfect example can be found in Microsoft which insists on clean technology.
Microsoft, which insists on clean technology, serves as a perfect example.
Microsoft, which insists on clean technology, has well illustrated this.
举完例子觉得不够，就再加一个：
... is not alone in ...
比如：Microsoft is not alone in holding the idea。
然后就开始举另一个例子吧。
4. 描述结果的句式
(1) the attempt by ... to ... has been a tremendous success.
注释：这个句子也可以用于举例也可以用于总结：The attempt by the government to help gaint panda has been a tremendous success.
(2) a better understanding of ... will enable ...
注释：这个句子超有用，可以用于表达观点，可以用于总结，可以用于引出例子：A better underdtanding of ourselves will enable us to live better lives.
(3) an examination of ... will confirm such a fact that ...
注释：这个也超有用，我主要用来引出例证和表达观点： An examination of those students with excellent academic performance will confirm such a fact that diligence and efficient methods contribute a lot to their success.
(4) ... have generally come to recognize the wisdom of ...
注释：这个句子可放在开头：Most people now have generally come to recognize the wisdom of being able to speak English.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：spend money for outer space or basic needs
托福写作难点话题一览
Spend money exploring outer space, or for basic needs on Earth?
Some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring outer space (for example, traveling to the Moon and to other planets). Other people disagree and think governments should spend this money for our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
陈述exploring outer space的重要性：国力(national power)的体现。参考例子：CNN曾有过一个专题节目 (monograph)专门讨论“美国人是否真的曾经登陆月球”(Did American Astronauts Really Reach the Moon.)结论是，美国政府作假(that event was a cheat)。陈述basic needs on Earth的重要性：多举几个例子。立场上，选择后者应该更容易写一些。
本话题高分范文赏析
In the last one hundred years, space exploration has become more and more common: a number of countries have reportedly sent spaceships to the moon, there are dozens of satellites orbiting the earth, and there are massive telescopes floating in space whose purpose is to find out what else could be out there. However, I tend to agree that governments should spend money for basic needs. Throughout the world, there are millions and millions of people who are homeless, and even cannot afford to eat. These people need help from the government. If the government has so much money to spend on space exploration, they should easily be able to have enough money to help these people gain entry to the working world. The government could set up programs which allow homeless people to train for jobs. This would be a much better way to spend money than exploring space. Pollution is another major problem which plagues all of the industrial nations. Instead of spending money on other planets, we should be focusing on how to fix the one we live on. The ozone layer is getting thinner and thinner every year, which means that the sun's radiation is causing more damage to people and the environment. The governments need to design a method to drastically reduce pollution, or else we might need to move to one of those other planets they are exploring! In addition to the problems of pollution and homelessness, the general population could use the money as well. In many countries, including our own, the health care and education system leave so many things to be desired. I think that more money should be put towards making citizens healthier and wiser. In conclusion, while the study of space is fascinating, I believe that governments spend too much money exploring the great unknown, when they should be focusing on the needs of people on earth.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：dancing play important role in culture
托福写作难点话题一览
Does dancing play an important role in a culture?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
这个题目乍看起来很不好写。同意这个观点(Dancing is really important in every culture.)。可以采取it depends 的策略。舞蹈的娱乐作用(as a important mean of entertainments)也是important role in a culture，所以种文化中都有其独特的舞蹈形式(dancing form)。原始社会(primitive society)时，舞蹈是非常重要的。庆祝(celebration; festival)，祈祷(pray)，宗教仪式(ritual) 等等活动中，舞蹈都是最主要的组成部分(one of the most important components)。随着社会的发展，宗教仪式(ritual)演变成了歌剧(opera)，舞蹈仍然是很重要的娱乐手段。时间进入21世纪，各种娱乐手段开始丰富起来，舞蹈尽管已经不是主流的(main)娱乐方式，但是仍然非常重要。某年的奥斯卡(Oscar)得主就是一个歌舞剧(musical drama)——芝加哥(Chicago).
本话题高分范文赏析
There are a number of qualities that have always been present in cultures, recent or ancient. These qualities can be anything from art forms to culturally gained knowledge. These qualities make the culture unique, and allow the culture to offer something interesting to the world. Throughout history, dancing has always played such a role in cultures. This is because dance allows us to express emotion, preserve heritage, and entertain. Dancing has always held a high position in culture, as it is an excellent way of expressing emotion. Much like the painter using color to convey emotion, dancers can use their body as a tool to show the onlooker their happiness, sadness, pain, etc. Dancing is also an excellent method of retaining and preserving culture. Many cultures have dance as part of their ceremonies, whether the ceremony is religious or patriotic in form. For example, it is a widely practiced norm to have people dance out a glorious moment in battle. In religion, it is common for people to dance to appease the God or Gods. Because of this, dancing is an excellent way to maintain culture, and ensure that important moments of the past are not forgotten. In modern days, it is much more common for dancing to be seen as a form of entertainment. Dancing has become somewhat of a sport in some countries, for example, ballroom dancing is very popular in the United States. There are hundreds of bars and disco clubs all over China which focus on dancing. They provide disc jockeys, more commonly referred to as “D.J.s”, and play loud, repetitive music which encourages the young people to dance. There are many different styles of dance, but all bring the dancer to have fun, and get a good workout at the same time.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：Living places and weather changing
托福写作难点话题一览
Living in places that have the same weather all year long, or in areas where the weather changes several times a year?
Some people prefer to live in places that have the same weather or climate all year long. Others like to live in areas where the weather changes several times a year. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
写作思路展开结构分析
随便选择哪一个都无所谓，之后罗列三个好处。比如，作为出生在北方的人，到了一年四季天气差不多的南方才发现，原来没有四季变化有很大的经济意义：一年两套衣服足矣，不像在北方，四季分明，总是花很多钱去买换季的衣服(change dress proper for the season)。再比如，四季分明，就多了很多自然景观。有很多南方人一辈子都没有亲眼见到(witness; with one's own eyes) 过雪。
本话题高分范文赏析
Because China is such a vast country, the weather and climate changes dramatically from one part of the country to another. Some parts have a mild, warm temperature all year long, whereas other regions of the country have weather patterns that shift dramatically from hot to cold over the year. Given the choice to live in one type of climate or the other, I would choose to live in a region where the weather is constantly changing throughout the year. The reasons for this are varied. First, I enjoy the different seasons. Second, I take pleasure in many different sports, some of which require warm weather, and others require the cold. Finally, I enjoy living in a region with constantly changing weather because I think that change is good for one's health. As mentioned above, one aspect I love about living in a region with changing climates is the shift in seasons. I really enjoy walking through a city and being able to see the trees turn from bright green in the summer, to brown in the fall, to bare in the winter, and then come back to life again in the spring. I find the process of nature very beautiful, and appreciate living in a city where I can observe these changes. In addition to enjoying the seasons, I also get pleasure from playing a wide variety of sports. Some of these sports require summer weather, like swimming, but others require winter weather, like skiing or ice-skating. By living in a region with extreme changes in seasons, I am able to enjoy all of my favorite activities. Finally, I enjoy living in an area with changing temperatures because I believe that the extreme temperatures are good for one's health. By allowing one's body to adjust to the extremes, one builds their immune system and is healthier overall. Overall, I find that living in a changing environment is more interesting than living in one where the climate is always constant. I find that if I am sick of the cold in the winter, I can always take a short plane ride to somewhere that is warmer.
篇2：托福写作高分学霸备考经验
托福写作高分学霸备考经验整理 独立综合两篇文章写法结构分析
托福综合写作文章结构分析
综合写作因为有个reading 可以参考所以很好写，只要记下了listening里的要点，再依次呈现即可。
开篇：一句话，说明reading 和listening是有明显不同的。
中间段：每一段一个点，论述reading 和listening的不同。
结尾段：不用写。
托福独立写作写法结构讲解
独立写作的结构较为复杂，我们从第一段开始。
开头段，请分为三句话。background statement描述背景，opinions描述两边的观点。topic 表达我自身的观点。我个人喜欢用一边倒的方式写托福作文，当然中立观点也能写。在topic段落中，除了表达观点，我建议把接下来会使用的论点全都用一两个词概括出来，总领全文。这样写下来，大概是80个字。
接下来就是中间段了。对于一边倒式的文章，建议写三个中间段，每一段70个字。第一个中间段赞颂反方论点，说它怎么怎么好，随后一个转折，后两个中间段各阐述一个自己的观点。一段只讲一个论点，一个论点必须在一段话中完成。对于持中立型的文章，建议分成两段，各100字。在每一个段落中，阐述两个支撑论点。这样一来，无论是一边倒还是持中立，我们都要完成200字左右的阐述，并且正反兼顾。
结尾段，20到40字，用一句固定的话可以直接完成。
我们的目标是在独立写作时，拿到题目立刻开始写开头段，在无脑写作开头段的过程中想出论点，并在开头段结尾处概括出来，接下来用中间段给予论述。最后无脑写结尾段。
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：choose a place to live at university
托福写作难点话题一览
Living in university housing or in an apartment in the community?
Students at universities often have a choice of places to live. They may choose to live in university dormitories, or they may choose to live in apartments in the community. Compare the advantages of living in university housing with the advantages of living in an apartment in the community. Where would you prefer to live? Give reasons for your preference.
写作思路展开结构分析
一定要进行比较。住在宿舍的优缺点：便宜(不用付或者付很少的租金;很少的交通费用);方便;但是可能不自由。自己租房子住的优缺点：自由;安静;干净;但是费用高 (也许合租的话，就会便宜很多)。根据自己的情况进行选择。
本话题高分范文赏析
Being a new student at a university is an excitement. Choosing where to live, whether on campus in a dormitory, or off campus in an apartment, is in fact quite a big decision. Both of these options have their relative benefits. Living in a dormitory has many advantages over living off campus. For example, one has the opportunity to meet dozens of new students. One is usually placed in a room with a roommate, who can help with homework, and give much needed support during difficult times. Another advantage of living in a dormitory is not having to cook food. Most students coming to a university have lived their whole lives with their parents, and inexpert at preparing food, for they were not in charge of the cooking in home. Many students who first learn to cook their own food while going to school eat a very unhealthy diet. On top of this, many students are so preoccupied with their studies that they do not have time to cook a nutritious meal. Therefore, the fact that the dormitories include a cafeteria is very beneficial. However, living off campus has its advantages as well. In most situations, one has much more freedom to do what they want in these living conditions. For instance, one can stay up late studying or come home late without disturbing a roommate. Also, one is not limited to the cafeteria food if he/she is a particular eater. Living by oneself also has its benefits. One never has to deal with rude or messy roommates. Overall, I think that both of these options are good choices. However, I recommend that first or second year students live in a dormitory, and perhaps wait until they are older and more accustomed to university life before venturing out on their own. This way, one gets the best of both worlds: the camaraderie of living with many people and the independence of living by oneself.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：artists' contribution or scientists' contribution
托福写作难点话题一览
Artists' contribution or scientists' contribution, which is more valuable?
It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
不要急于选择;一定要进行比较陈述科学家做出的贡献和陈述艺术家做出的贡献在不同的时期(比如战争时期vs和平时期)，二者做出的贡献不同。
本话题高分范文赏析
Art and science are essentially a strange coupling. Yet more often than not, they are considered as divergent rather than consistent with each other. The artist employs image and metaphor; the scientist uses number and equation. By casual juxtaposition, these two fields seem to have little in common: there are few, if any, references to art in any standard textbook of science; art historians rarely interpret an artist's work in light of the conceptual framework of science. Despite what appear to be irreconcilable differences, however, they do have at least one thing in common—both of them have significant contribution to the society, but through probably distinctive way. The development of science and technology has always accompanied the progress of the society. The invention of the steam engine brought a new era of thrift of world economy; the employment of electricity has multiplied the productivity and virtually reproduced limited resources on the Earth; the innovation of computer technologies has made the Earth a little village and connected distant countries as a single market. While sometimes the progress of science and technology, such as that of human cloning, cause troubles or originate dilemmas, it seems always undeniable that in a broad sense, the development of science has provided people a much higher standard of living than that of their counterparts in any phrase of the history. Visualization and fascination have been the major power of any form of art. For example, any' religion in this world cannot exist without music, which helps realize the faith of the church to an astonishing extent. Each and every revolution on this earth was accompanied by numerous corresponding art productions, because the artists sense the circumstances, and then reflect their sensations with sophisticated techniques in their production, which can be easily perceived by the public through powerful empathy. Nobody could evaluate art as correct or not standard, needless to say the public, they simply feel it is good or not, therefore art has always had magic influence on the public and society in general. However, it's been said that there is no science without fancy and no art without facts. Science fictions have long been functioning as a major vehicle for the public dissemination of science; scientists share parallel view of space, time and light, etc. with artists. Not only are art and science interrelated with each other but they also contribute to each other in various way. Therefore, it is hard to compare the contributions of art and science, it is simply partial to say that either one contributes more to the society than another does.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：should students evaluate their teachers
托福写作难点话题一览
Should schools ask students to evaluate their teachers?
Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
有保留地同意 (agree with reservations)。学生在评判教师时，是否全部学生都可以客观评价(objective evaluation)?是否有足够的能力(包括academic knowledge等等)去进行客观评价? 如果采取了这样的方式，就会出现老师迎合(cater to/ pander to/ play up to students' taste)学生而不是引导 (guide; lead)学生，违背了教育的原则。保留意见/这种方式：允许学生进行评价，但是应该作为一个参考，同时要有其他的评判方式。
本话题高分范文赏析
Teachers have a very difficult job in society. They not only have to learn how to teach material effectively, but also must learn how to deal with a wide variety of personalities. While teaching is a difficult job, I think it is important for schools to ask students to evaluate their teachers. I think this is the right thing to do because it encourages teachers to try their best, it gives students the opportunity to choose effective teachers, and it allows the schools to have the best teachers possible teaching. If a teacher knows that at the end of the term, the students will be evaluating his/her work, then the teacher will be driven to do a very good job. If there is no pressure from evaluation, a teacher might be prone to doing a less than perfect job. I believe that everyone needs an occasional evaluation to ensure they are doing their job correctly. In the case of a teacher, the students will give the most important evaluations. If there was a public summary of which teacher scored the highest on his/her evaluations, then students would be able to take courses based on which teacher was the best at the job. This would allow students to excel in their studies, and achieve better grades. Finally, if schools ask students to evaluate their teachers, the schools themselves would be able to have the best teachers working on campus. If a teacher scored too low on an evaluation, a replacement could be found. This is a much better method than waiting for students to complain about a teacher. Teachers do have a difficult job, but regardless of this, they must excel at it. If a person is a particularly poor teacher, the students will not learn the required material, and suffer for it.
篇3：托福写作备考两条高分经验分析
托福写作备考两条实用高分经验分析
托福独立写作推荐采用五段三点式文章结构
即Introduction一段，Body三段，和Conclusion一段。一般第一段会用2-4句话陈述自己的观点，大约60字左右。第二到四段从三个方面论述自己的观点，每段约100字。结尾段用1-3句话总结自己的观点，大约40个字。那么如何具体规划每一个段落呢?
开头段主要用以下几种方法来组织，即背景法 (Background)，争议法(Controversy)，提问法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。以背景法为例，背景法一般会提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象作为背景，或者是由远到近、由大到小地谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景。
背景法开头段的结构通常是：背景(1-3句)+论题+反方观点+(反方理由)+过度+(正方观点)+作者的观点+作者的理由。
以此题为例：Technology makes people's lives more complicated. 题目涉及到了现今社会比较热门的话题——科技。这样，我们就可以以这种社会比较关注的现象作为我们作文的开头背景。因此这个题目的首段就可以这样开始：Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made people's lives more complicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives more convenient。第一句话就紧贴社会的背景，这样写不但很容易打开考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦点，还能引起考官的共鸣。
托福独立写作主题句如何写好?
主题句，顾名思义，向考官展示的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中间段落中的作用是至关重要的。通常主题句应该注意以下几点：
1.主题句必须是陈述句
有的考生想在写作中创新，于是采用反问句或者其他看似多样化的句型，然而这种多样性带来的后果是给考官观点不明确的印象，很自然地会影响到分数。
2.必须标明观点
如果考生把一句无关痛痒的话放在主题句的位置上，很显然无法表明自身观点。比如像“今天是晴天”这样的话没有表明观点;然而“今天是个好天气”就包含一种感情色彩在里面，给人一种立场明确的感觉。考生应该切记：没有反驳余地的就不可以作为主题句。
3.主题句态度须坚决
但是不能极端。
4.每段必须有主题句
理论上讲没有主题句是可以的，但是考场上不可以，没有主题就会浪费考官的时间去帮你总结主题，然而繁忙的考官是不会那么善良地去分析你的题目来抓取你的观点的。
托福独立写作关于文章结构和主题句的一些写作心得思路和注意事项就为大家介绍到这里。最后祝各位同学顺利备考作文拿到理想成绩。
托福写作范文：good parent
托福独立写作题目：
What are some of the qualities of a good parent? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer.
托福独立写作范文：
I am fortunate to have good parents so it is easy for me to identify the qualities that make them good. These qualities are unconditional love, trust, and respect for me and my brothers and sisters.
All mothers and fathers love their children. They nurture them and keep them from harm. But not all love is unconditional. Some parents would not love their children if they married someone of a different religion or from a different ethnic group. Some parents would not love their children if they were of a different sexual orientation. My parents won’t. My parents would love us regardless of whom we married or whom we chose to love.
Part of unconditional love is trust. My parents trust us to do what is right. They know we would never do anything to hurt them or to disgrace them. They trust us so we trust them. We are confident that they would never do anything to hurt us.
Because our parents love us, they also respect us. They treat us as individuals. They accept our differences. They do not expect us to be like them. They want us to be our own persons. They want us to make our own way in the world, not follow in their footsteps.
Without their love, I would not be as confident as I am. Without their trust, I would not be free to do what I want. Without their respect, I would not feel comfortable being on my own. All children should have such wonderful parents.
托福写作：人生的烦恼
Some people believe that personal happiness is directly related to economic success. Others believe there are other factors. Discuss the two sides and give your opinion.
对幸福的追求一直都是人类世世代代的梦想，尽管人类一直困惑于幸福的真谛。幸福是什么?幸福和经济的成功有密切联系吗?个人经济上的成功能够直接带来幸福吗?就个人而言，我不认为经济上的成功是人类幸福的唯一前提。
The pursuit of happiness has long been the dream of generations of human beings. They have always been puzzled by the essence of happiness. What is happiness? Is it closely related to one's economic success? Will one's financial success lead to happiness directly? Personally, I don't agree that one's economic success is the only prerequisite of one's happiness in life.
幸福有很多种。俗话说得好，“一个人的美食可能是另一个人的毒药”。幸福可能意味着成为一个成功的受人尊敬的领袖，或是一份稳定舒适的大型跨国公司的工作，又或是市区的大房子、一套漂亮的家具等等。然而，幸福也可以是一个和谐平静的家庭，或是一个体贴热情的朋友，或者只是一个微笑、一个手势、一个暗示。事实上，幸福可以是你能够想到的任何事情。至少，我们可以有两种幸福：精神幸福和物质幸福。
Happiness may fall into different categories. An old saying goes like this: “One man's meat is another man's poison”. Happiness may mean being a successful and respected leader of a company, or a stable and comfortable job in a large international company, or a big flat downtown, a fantastic set of furniture, etc. However, happiness can also be a harmonious and peaceful family, or a hospitable and considerate friend, or just a smile, a gesture, a hint. In fact, happiness may be composed of anything you could ever think of. At least, we may have two types of happiness: spiritual happiness and materialistic happiness.
一方面，一个人的物质幸福依赖于经济上的成功，尽管不是完全依赖。没有稳定的经济后盾，很难想象如何过上轻松简单的生活，更不用说富庶奢侈的生活了。如果买不起房子、车，甚至是一本书，任何人提到这种生活都会害怕。当然，有一些人只要基本的生活需求得到满足就可以立刻感到很幸福。但是我们仍然必须承认，这些人也需要某种意义上的经济成功。
One's materialistic happiness is dependant on one's economic success, though not completely. Without a strong and steady economic background, one could never imagine an easy and simple life, let alone an affluent and luxurious one. If you aren't able to afford a house, a car, or even a book, anybody would be horrified at the mere mention of this kind of life. Definitely, some people will feel happy right away if their basic demands for life are satisfied. However, we have to admit that these people still need to be successful materialistically to some degree.
另一方面，个人经济上的成功不见得能带来精神层面的幸福。众所周知，金钱不能带来一切，甚至有人说金钱是万恶之源。经济上的成功可能就是建立在牺牲时间、健康和爱情的基础之上，而这三件事情是个人精神层面幸福的基本要素。我们对于这个画面并不陌生：一位职场成功的男士带着一颗破碎的心独自品味孤独。
On the other hand, one's success in economy may not necessarily lead to one's spiritual happiness. As we all know, money doesn't get you everything and some even say that money is the root of all evils. One's financial success may be built on the sacrifice of time, health and love, which are the three most essential elements of spiritual happiness. All of us are not new to this picture: a successful business man tasting loneliness alone with a broken heart.
以我的观点，经济上的成功只是幸福的一个重要因素，但绝对不是唯一因素。尽管我们每一个人对于幸福有完全不同的理解，要幸福就要精神上和物质上都能得到满足。
In my point of view, one's economic success is only one of the key factors of happiness, but never the only one. To be happy, one needs to be both spiritually and materially satisfied though each of us may have a totally different picture of happiness.
篇4：托福高分学霸4条阅读备考提分经验
【精选心得】托福高分学霸分享4条实用阅读备考提分经验
托福阅读过程中笔记怎么记?
托福阅读过程中记笔记的好处在于帮助学生记住段落的主题内容，甚至包括一些细节内容。这样可以方便我们做文章内容小结题。当然，记笔记也有缺陷，重点就在于时间问题，因为托福阅读的时间一般来说并不充裕，如果再算算上记笔记的时间，就更有可能做不完所有题目。所以，对于实力比较高的学生，本身时间充裕，则可以通过记笔记的方式加强对于段落主旨的理解;相反地，对于本身时间就有问题的学生来说，首先应该保证做完题目，记笔记就并不是非常必要。
托福阅读答题时间如何规划安排?
很多托福考生都会遇到托福阅读在规定时间内做不完的情况。一般来说，如果想要保证14道题在20分钟之内做完，最稳妥的安排应该是除单词题以及文章内容小结题之外每道题平均1.5分钟。当然，这个时间只是一个平均时间，对于一些比较难或者麻烦的题目，例如推理题和部分否定事实信息题，时间可能会更长一些，而相对比较容易定位的事实信息题，句子简化题以及文本插入题，则相对可以缩短一些时间。
托福阅读直接做题还是先读文章?
托福阅读中绝大多数题目都只包含某一段或者两段中的信息，所以对于考生来说，并没有必要在一开始就读一遍文章，而是应该根据题目来读文章。当然，很多考生可能又会问，如果这样读的话，是不是就不能知道每个段落的主旨大意了?其实不然，我们在做题的过程中，肯定需要读文章中的具体内容，也包括段落主旨大意，如果能够把做题以及读懂文章主旨结合在一起，这是最完美的。
托福阅读算分就按照OG给出的方法算吗?
现在的托福官方指南OG第四版给出的是最权威的算分体系，但是这种算分也只是一个大概的分数段，每次考试还会参考整体考试的情况来进行一些微调。比如说有些考生错的题目其他考生都几乎没有错，那么这道题对于这位考生的影响就会比较大;相反，如果考生错的题目是那种很难的，很多人都做错的题目，则对于分数的影响相对会小一些。
托福阅读素材：转基因作物问题
mustard n. 芥末;芥菜
molecular adj. [化学] 分子的
Exhausted adj. 疲惫的;耗尽的v. 耗尽
biological clock生物钟
yield n. 产量;收益vt. 屈服
manipulate vt. 操纵;操作;巧妙地处理
in tune with(与...)一致;(与...)协调
Changing Gene in Plant Could Yield More Crops
改变植物基因可以增加产量
Plants have a “biological clock” that tells them when to produce leaves, seeds and other growth. A new study says understanding that clock may help scientists develop crops that can feed a growing population in an increasingly warmer world.
Rob McClung is a scientist at Dartmouth College. He says scientists need to create ways to feed the nearly 10 billion people who will be living on Earth by the middle of the century.
He says estimates show that there will need to be an increase in the world food supply of about 50 to 60 percent in the next thirty-five years.
“And we're worried that the things that we've done to increase agricultural productivity may be becoming exhausted.”
To find new ways to increase productivity, Mr. McClung examined the biological clocks of plants. He learned that different genes in plants affect the plant's clock.
He published his findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He says he identified a gene called GIGANTEA in a common species of the plant called field mustard.
He discovered that the speed of the gene's development can affect when the plant produces. Mr. McClung says the gene also affects how the plant deals with extreme cold and high levels of salt.
“We want to be able to predict if you do this to the clock, you will do this to crop yield.”
He says he hopes his research will give plant developers a molecular tool they can use to create a plant that can accept a higher level of salt or grow in a colder environment than usual.
“...we think that by manipulating the plant clock, we will be able to make plants that are better in tune with their environment and able to perform more effectively.”
Experts say the current growth in the production of the world's major food crops -- corn, rice, wheat and soybeans -- will not be enough to feed the 9.5 billion people who will be living on Earth in 2050.
长难句：
1.A new study says understanding that clock may help scientists develop crops that can feed a growing population in an increasingly warmer world.
句子类型：宾语从句+定语从句
句子拆分：
主干：A new study says…
宾语从句: understanding that clock may help scientists develop crops
定语从句: that can feed a growing population in an increasingly warmer world
翻译：一项新的研究表明：了解这种“生物钟“可以帮助研究者生产出在日益温暖气候中足够供给增长人口的作物。
2.He says he hopes his research will give plant developers a molecular tool they can use to create a plant( that can accept a higher level of salt or grow in a colder environment than usual).
句子类型：宾语从句+定语从句
句子拆分：
主干：He says…
宾语从句:he hopes his research will give plant developers a molecular tool they can use to create a plant
定语从句:that can accept a higher level of salt or grow in a colder environment than usual
翻译：他表示，他希望自己的研究结果可以给生产者一种分子水平的工具来用于生产可以耐高盐或者在高寒环境生长。
托福阅读素材：百度搜索推出日本市场
Chinese tech giant Baidu has shut down the Japanese search engine that it first launched in . The Baidu.jp site, which used to feature a Japanese-language search engine that hoped to rival Google and Yahoo in the country, now just features a mission statement and a bunch of email addresses for its business partners to reach out to.
中国科技巨头百度关闭了于首次发布的日语搜索引擎。该引擎曾是百度日本网站的一项功能，被寄予和谷歌、雅虎竞争日本市场的希望。但如今的百度日本只有一份使命宣言和一批商业伙伴的邮箱地址。
A Baidu spokesperson confirmed today to Tech in Asia that the Baidu Japan search engine is now shut. “But that doesn’t preclude the possibility that we will bring it back one day, or introduce our search technology services through other platforms in Japan,” he added.
今天，一名百度的发言人向Tech in Asia确认，百度日本的搜索引擎已被关闭。他还补充：“但这并不代表我们不会在未来某天重开百度日本搜索引擎，或是将我们的搜索技术用在日本的其它平台上。”
Despite this setback, Baidu is keeping open its Japan office and pursuing its popular Simeiji app, which is a keyboard for iOS and Android for typing Japanese.
尽管搜索引擎遭遇挫折，百度还将维持在日本的办公室，并继续致力于它大受欢迎的手机应用Simeiji。Simeiji是用于输入日语的键盘，兼容iOS和安卓平台。
“This was a business decision based largely on Baidu’s company-wide effort to focus our energies on becoming a fully mobile-first company,” said the Baidu spokesperson. “This means increasing our commitment to mobile and O2O when and where it’s most appropriate. In the Japanese market specifically, this move makes a lot of business sense. Smartphone penetration in Japan is now over 70 percent, and it’s a largely iOS-dominated market – over 60 percent market share as of December . Our iOS input app Simeji is very popular, with over 14 million users and and a top-ranking position on Apple’s App Store in Japan. That’s just one example of the mobile potential of the Japanese market.”
百度的发言人称：“整个百度公司都将集中力量，努力成为一家完全的移动优先的公司。很大程度上，关闭百度日本搜索引擎这项商业决定正是基于此。这意味着我们要在最合适的时间和地点增加对移动和O2O的投入。特别在日本市场，这一举措在商业上非常合理。，进入日本市场的智能手机份额超过了60%，而现在这一比例已经超过70%，这是一个非常大的iOS主导的市场。我们的iOS输入应用Simeji非常受欢迎，拥有1400万用户，并在日本的苹果应用商店里排名第一。这只是日本移动市场潜力的一个例子。”
Though Baidu Japan opened in 2007, it required a relaunch in after a shaky start. Yahoo Japan is the nation’s top search engine, followed by Google.
托福写作素材：甄嬛传将重磅登陆北美市场
There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland.
甄嬛以及众多小主的回归却让人明显地感到一阵阵的失望。
It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market.
近一两年来，中国的《甄嬛传》的粉丝时不时地了解到他们引以为傲的小主要占领北美电视剧高地，并窃喜不已。
Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character ofThe Legend of Zhen Huan, a television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm.
甄嬛是电视剧《甄嬛传》的主角——这部的电视剧风靡中国，之后又席卷亚洲其他国家。
Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification.
两年前，有报道称，美国纽约的付费有线电视网HBO将会在北美播放编辑版《甄嬛传》。现在，《甄嬛传》的精简版在Netflix网站在线播出。该版仅配有英文字幕，没有英语配音。
Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming.
现在，《甄嬛传》的精简版在Netflix网站在线播出。该版仅配有英文字幕，没有英语配音。
This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in China's cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience.
这个精简版被视为中国文化进军海外市场的一个里程碑备而受瞩目，但是却引发中国观众的广泛批评。
RetitledEmpresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.)
美版《甄嬛传》从原来的76集，每集45分钟的长度精简为6集，每集90分钟，剧名改为Empresses in the Palace(意为《宫中后妃》)。每集过快的节奏令美国观众很是不满，因为他们习惯了更加轻松的日间肥皂剧式的叙述节奏。(中国的电视台每天播2-3集)
I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What's lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed.
我没有看完完整版，但是觉得精简版也不难理解。我认为精简版丢失的是一些有趣的情节设置及停顿，这是中国叙事艺术的精华。大部分情节还是保留了，只是少了那种味道。
The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at what's to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre.
篇5：托福写作高分经验
【托福写作高分经验】托福写作高分经验分享 从22分到29分的飞跃
凭良心讲，一年前我也不会写。第一次考22，两个fair.后来我就猛看了一本叫老美185的书，就是美国人写的东西。感觉收获不少。二战的时候独立作文就good了，24的分。但是居然前面一篇还是fair，我当然是不甘心的。但是一年之后我的gmat准备二战，那个时候我根本来不及，就准备了一下综合作文，当时确实是时间来不及，不是我故意不复习，作文我就写过一篇综合作文，算是把模板背了一遍，但是结果出来我很惊讶，得了6.0分。所以托福三战的时候我信心满满，这次我这是把og的综合作文研究了一下，写了自己的模板，就这么上了。不过上了考场以后，我觉得综合作文最后一篇没来得及写完，写了480的样子。所以这一次的结果是前一篇good，后一篇fair。怪我自己太轻敌。所以我四战了。这一次我把og的两篇作文好好研究了一下，回想了以前总结的写作文的经验，临考的晚上随便找了一篇文章的综合作文，练习了框架，所以两篇good，是29了。
根据我的经验，写作文不难，考前一天好好强化一下技巧，回顾一下历史比较重要，我现在把我的经验随便写一点在这里吧，算是回馈一下大家：
1.托福作文到底要花多少时间?这个问题有两说，你是有技巧还是有实力?如果你没有实力，这个时间花得就挺长的。从我一战到二战我就看了一个月的老美185，怎么说呢，它的idea很傻，没有李晓来的清楚，结构上绝对是比较失败的，但是它的语言的流畅程度是李晓来望尘莫及的。特别是一些句式。关于这一点我强烈建议大家把题库185至少看一遍，当然现在题库更新了，185我觉得好像都拿来做口语题了。所以不要以为都写过就很N了，关键是过一遍，一天看50题，3天空闲时间就看完了。看的时候看看到底哪篇文章不会写，去找李晓来的高分185，不要看文章。不能看，看前面的中文提纲(PS，中文有时候和下面英文牛头不对马嘴的，那就要去看看英文了)。当然看老美185是非常重要的，我当时二战的前看了50来篇，背了2篇我觉得最好的。总之就是掌握一个人家的句法。有童鞋说时间不够，哪里看得了那么多，我记得网上有人家整理的托福句子200句，都是很好的句型。我翻来覆去看了好几遍。有时候在车上啊，路上啊，就看了。很有帮助。我说的这个过程就是实力提高的过程。所以花的时间会比较长。
当然，如果你的实力已经有了，技巧的话要花多长时间?累计考前不超过10小时吧，以你看书的速度决定，我是一个晚上左右~比如准备一下案例(这些网上也有童鞋整理好了的)，我就不重新发来浪费大家时间了，但是我要声明的是，这些案例多数用不上，只是看了心理安慰的。我一般是早上坐车去考试的时候在车上看的，看过一次的话，再看估计也就20几分钟吧，记住人名和关键词。但是真是没用上，大家参考。然后考前几天有空的时候看两句200句里面的句型，对自己绝对有潜移默化的影响。所以我后面2次考T以及之前一次考G的作文，都是相当轻松的，没怎么写。但是我的经验和教训就是，模板要背一遍，框架找一篇jj里面的，随便一篇，你不是很会写那种，练个框架。
PS：我个人不是很建议大家把jj里面的文章全都写一遍，一方面浪费宝贵的复习时间，另一方面，你考试的时候如果真考到，就会比较刻意地去复制以前的作文。我觉得写作最重要的是创作的过程，只有写得你自己觉得才思泉涌，才能写出好文章。背出来的文章，说不定会有很多瑕疵。个人感觉，大家参考，我是比较喜欢创作的人。不喜欢按部就班。。。这就是为啥我的口语虽然pronounciation很好，但是停留在22 23的水平了。因为很大的原因是我不喜欢背东西。一旦背东西，我听起来就不是说口语了。
2.前面说到了准备时间的问题。我现在有几个技巧，特别要说一下，掌握着几个技巧，我觉得独立作文就差不多了。
首先，是结构，怎么样让结构清晰?不是只有first， second这么土的词的。又不是写法律，如果不是黔驴技穷，尽量换点词。比如说in the first place啊，at the very beginning，again，also。。。。好多好多我就不说这种常识了。当然了，如果你确实是一下子想不起来(虽然有这种情况的备案，我还是这是unjustified的，你有一个晚上准备，这几个词应该是提前准备好的，随便用的)，怎么办呢。如果你说了firstly，不一定要说secondly，就算你连secondly这个词也不知道怎么写，那千万别用thirdly，换个词嘛。furthermore，what's more， in addion....写文章我觉得最忌讳的是人家能预测到你的下一个词，这样人家就不想看了。当然回到托福这个问题上而言，结构一定要清楚!非常强调这一点。三战的时候我就是结构有点混乱了才24的。
但是结构也不是一层不变的，就只有首先然后再然后么?我觉得这个最好是放在小结构里面。一般文章我建议大家有两个框架，第一个是大框架，表明辩证关系，第二个是supporting 框架，表明递进关系。我就不信这样你都没得写了。是怕你写不完的。。。
其次，就是句型。这个我前面说过了，没事随便看看。嗯~背几句。当然我建议大家是找一篇句型特多，结构清楚的文章来背。这样，你就啥都有了~Jtrchina和我会说他背了7000字的口语和作文材料。反正我是膜拜的，我不用心，也不敢和他比。他的暴力法也挺有用。看大家适合什么方法吧。
最后是例子，有人说例子没有怎么办，没有什么怎么办的。挖掘你自己啊，用本山的小品说，就是往祖坟上刨。多数事情我们都有经历，往自己身上扯的好处是，1.木有考证，没有对错，名人就不同了，有对错之分。。。2.最熟悉，不会有不会写的词。你说你自己就是I吧，说issac Newton要多少字，打错了还有negative impression。当然了，有同学记忆力好，多写点也没关系。我写的时候是到处扯的。普遍联系的观点，这次作文我还说道北朝鲜的独裁制度啥的，这种东西新闻里面天天有，平常多看cnn，里面观点很火辣。你就有素材了。但是这是锦上添花，最基本的还是刨你自己，你爸妈，你七大姑八大姨。
不过supporting ideas可不需要段段都有for example的例子，你想想，那得多俗啊。我特别忌讳用for example，然后后一面一堆。不知道大家有没有经验，一般我们reading的时候看到这个词汇，是不是就不看了?看个主体，看个大概。你用这个词不是警示人家不要看么?我会说一堆推理，然后悄悄的灌输思想。等我说完，再来一句，this is how it works~他才发现他已经看完了，后悔也来不及了。哈哈~
说到这里，结构，句式，和内容都有了。好像作文是差不多了，但是不是的，还有综合作文。我一直以为综合作文可以一样对待，结果发现不是的。根据我对og满分范文的研究(就一篇，大家研究吧，就一篇多了也么有)，以上技巧+模板不能完全适用于综合作文。综合作文是你在转述，独立作文是自述。
但是转述也不是说没有自己观点的。你要证明给别人看，你用了脑子的，没有当复读机，所以我不建议大家重复原文的话，反而要总结成概括性的句子，放在每一段。当然模板也是很需要的，这个自己做吧~网上也有，但是我还是建议自己做。模板作用就是加快速度。模板的内容就是一个label和对比的作用。哪些是作者说的，哪些是professor说的，然后对比，比如while，however，on the contrary的样子。
但是人家没说的话你要不要说?很多人问这个问题，当然要说了。要不怎么证明你用了脑子，但是你不能说自己的观点。全文不能出现I believe这种话。关键是总结出作者的逻辑关系。实话告诉各位，哪怕没听全都不要怕，我这次就没听全，我听力的时候突然周围开始狂口语。我比他们进去得早，突然一下子吵不习惯。还好是到了尾声了。作者说全的话也不一定要全写出来。用自己的语言概括逻辑关系。我举个例子吧，eg.文章说A是错误的，但是作者refute了3个原因。其中一个原因是，虽然会出现这样的现象，但是有可能是被其它的原因干扰，比如云云，和A无关。这句话的核心就是与A无关。可以把这句话提出来。然后可以加上一些你自己认为的合理的分析。但是是从speech maker的角度去想的分析，他可以没说，你要把他没说的说了~而且还不能I think，因为是由ta 说的推出的。你分析好了再对比一次。“
3.就是字数吧。我个人觉得越多越好。第一篇我写了480，第二篇我写了580的样子。字数取胜，越多越好。
我写的纯属自己的亲身经历，而且，如果你们理解了就会发现，托福是个八股文产物，如果你能表现出那么一点点创造力，又符合它八股文的要求，你就可以双good了。
托福阅读：如何选择合适的英文原著
在阅读考试中能力更为重要?
很多刚来新东方上课的同学总有一个梦想，就是希望我们老师可以传授他一套神秘的做题技巧，学到之后就可以在单词不认识，句子看不懂的情况下答对题目。所以当我第一节课想跟学生分析长难句时，有的同学就有点小失望，说自己考试很急，希望可以直接先学做题套路，这时候我就要跟他讲道理了。我说，这就好像我有一本射雕英雄传里的九阴真经，要是拿出来直接给你练，你啥内功也没有，相信我，你一定会走火入魔练成神经病的，郭靖之所以可以练，是因为他学会了全真教正确的呼吸吐纳练内功的方法，并且已经有很深厚的内功积累了，再练各种真经，就是锦上添花迅速进步了。
所以说，我们想要提高阅读考试的成绩，最根本的还是提高自己的阅读能力，这里的能力包括积累一定的词汇量，掌握分析各种长难句分析的方法，通俗的讲，就是要真的能看懂题目看懂文章，这样的话，最后再学个做题套路，基本就是稳稳的高分了。我印象特别深的就是几年前带过的一个冲刺班，班里五个同学，程度都不错，就是我所说的能够看懂文章的同学，所以在学完课程后，五个同学中有四个轻松考到了28，29，29，30这样的分数，我没有花太多额外的力气，他们也没有特别痛苦，就拿到了理想的分数。而一些基础特别弱的同学，词汇量不够，句子看不懂，就吃力多了，哪怕学会了所有技巧，依旧很可能在个位数徘徊，分数由天定，看当天考试运气。而从个位数冲两位数就无论如何逃不掉能力积累的过程了。因此，哪怕是应试，我也是非常不赞成临时抱佛脚的，功夫一定是下在前面的，这也是为什么我希望大家可以尽早的开始积累，开始阅读。
为什么希望大家不仅要阅读，
还要把阅读变成习惯?
阅读能力的培养主要是词汇积累和长难句的理解分析，我个人觉得，又有效又有趣的学习积累方法，就是原文书的阅读了。首先原文书的阅读对提高词汇量非常有帮助。大家应该都有背厚厚的词汇书的体验，背到把单词的位置都记下来了，但偏偏单词出现在文章里又想不起来意思。这是因为大家在背单词时，总是习惯只看离单词最近的中文释义，懒得去研究单词的语境，如果碰到记忆过的很熟悉的单词就更不会去琢磨这个单词真正的含义了，导致的结果就是碰到语境无法产生条件反射，碰到词汇题各种栽更头，可以给大家举一个TPO24的词汇题的例子：
gain 大家都认识的，获得，有同学就觉得很奇怪了，选项没有一个翻译出来是“获得”的意思，想要去上下文推断，这其实是不对的，我们要思考的应该是什么叫“获得”，以及gain 这个词一般出现在怎样的语境里面。如果你看到过这样的语境，说：某人最近吃的特别多，然后gain weight了，我想这个词汇题就完全难不倒你了，因为你知道这里的获得重量就是增重的意思，是lose weight的反义词。那刚刚的词汇题就肯定毫不犹豫选increases了。养成阅读习惯的好处，就是加强词汇在语境中意思的记忆，带着语境认识的单词才是你真正认识，真正理解的单词，同时，读文章过程中反复遇到单词，就是一遍遍加深记忆的过程，词汇记忆的奥义就是重复，反复记忆，阅读提供了这样的机会。
除了对单词积累的帮助，多看句子肯定是可以加强语感的，反复阅读反复练习长难句理解的方法，从看不大懂，到有点看懂，到可以慢慢看懂，最后可以熟练看懂，就是阅读能力最大的成长了。当然，光心血来潮读几天是没有用的，读书讲求坚持，一开始会比较痛苦，但如果可以坚持看完一本书的10%，接下来会越来越轻松，会沉浸到作者的世界里，会获得成就感。这时，你便有能力拥有一个世界上最经济的兴趣爱好了——阅读。
如何挑选适合自己阅读水平的原文书
最后，关于怎样挑选合适自己阅读的英文书。首先大家要知道英语书分为小说类和非小说类，其中小说的难度往往是大于非小说的，而托福考试因为是语言类考试，选取的是相对语言难度低一些的非小说类的学术文章，而像SAT和ACT这样的考试，就会涉及到小说类文章。备考托福的同学，可以优先选择非小说类文章，而之后还要备考SAT或ACT考试的同学就可以循序渐进到小说类文章的阅读了。
选择适合自己的阅读材料要遵循三个原则：一是要感兴趣，二是要有质量保证，三是要难度适中。英文阅读本身就是一件有挑战的事儿，如果文章话题再让人提不起兴趣，那谁都很难坚持下去。比如，有的同学对世界政治、经济等话题很感兴趣，可以选择坚持阅读《经济学人》，有的同学喜欢有点小文艺的文章，可以读读《纽约客》，如果有同学不仅备考托福，还要备考SAT，经典小说也是不错的选择。还有同学如果真的对这些都不感冒，任何有点兴趣的原文书都是可以的，哈利波特可以，____都可以，总比不读书强。
当然一定要保证阅读材料的质量。千万不要选择网上没有可靠来源的文章，而要选择正规出版物，以免受到误导。 最后，寻找难度适中的读物。刚刚我已经给大家推荐了一个阅读能力测评网站，大家的蓝思指数可以在ReadingPro官网通过阅读测试获得。下面就告诉大家原文书的蓝思指数在哪里，除了刚刚的ReadingPro官网也有不少读物的蓝思指数，更多更权威的原文书原文材料的蓝思指数是可以在蓝思官网www.lexile.com查询得到的，二者之间进行匹配就可以找到难度适中的读物了。比如我的蓝思指数是1600，那我就可以选择蓝思指数在1500-1650之间的书本进行阅读了。
有了合适的阅读材料，我们就要选择适合自己的阅读方式了。现在的阅读渠道比较多，除了纸质书，还可以从网页上，手机App上和Kindle上进行阅读。我个人比较推荐的是纸质书和Kindle。网页和手机比较容易让人在阅读时分心，同时屏幕对眼睛也不是特别好，不推荐使用。如果实在客观条件只允许使用电脑网页的话，可以选择依旧在ReadingPro的平台上阅读，他的优势是界面比较友好，有大量免费的经典文学名著和分级读物可供大家在网页上进行阅读，平台还自带查词功能。我个人最喜欢的是Kindle, 电子油墨屏跟纸张感觉很像，看久了也不会累，而且现在Kindle格式的书本网上资源非常多，大家只要百度书名.mobi就可以搜到Kindle上可以阅读的书本了。
托福阅读：我们都是柯南，详解推断题
推断题，顾名思义，就是要做一定的推理，于是，同学们沸腾了，推理啊!谁不会啊!毛利小五郎上身!神探夏洛克附体!我就是柯南!五花八门，无奇不有，无孔不入，似乎每个选项都很有道理!于是，陷入死循环，等到再遇到这样的题型，只能凭感觉，看到哪个选项顺眼，就选择哪个选项。然后，你就错了。
那么，今天我们从一个最简单的角度来攻破推断题，即反向推理。
反向推理，指当事物A和事物B特征相反，现在已知事物A特征，问B特征时，那么B等于A的反向特征。而其中，最为明显的在于时间前后的推理。我们先看一道非常简单的真题。
【Paragraph 1】The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture—of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy. During periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. ”Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward," observed an English visitor in 1817,during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the West reached a peak in the 1830's. Whereas in 1810 only a seventh of the American people lived west of the Appalachian Mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.
1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
A.They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.
D. They did not operate in a national market economy.
本题中有非常明显的信息可以帮助我们定位，即年份数字“1815”，定位到原文After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy. 在18之后，改进的交通方式使得越来越多的西部弄明逃开了自给自足的生活方式，进入了国家市场经济。这是讲在1815年之后的事情，而题干中问的是“prior to 1815”，即在1815年之前，那么根据反向推理原理，直接对1815年之后的事情取反，即“在1815年之前，交通方式还未改进，人们是自给自足的生活方式，还未进入国家市场经济”，直接对应D选项。所以本题选择D选项。
在托福阅读考试当中，时间上的反向推理题还有很多很多，难度也可能会更高，比如，我们再来一道题。
【Paragraph 1】It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity. Since the Cambrian period, biodiversity has generally risen, but there have been some notable exceptions. Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe. The five major mass extinctions receive most of the attention, but they are only one end of a spectrum of extinction events. Collectively, more species went extinct during smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent. The best known of the five major extinction events, the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs, is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.
2. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about life on Earth before the Cambrian period?
A. Biodiversity levels were steady, as indicated by the fossil record.
B. Levels of biodiversity could not be tracked.
C. The most dramatic extinction episode occurred.
D. Few microscopic species existed.
本题中我们可以根据专业词汇“Cambrian period”定位到It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity. 直到六亿年前的寒武纪时期，肉眼可见的生物才在地球上大量出现并产生可以让我们了解物种多样性兴衰的化石。可是题干中用的是“before the Cambrian period”，即寒武纪之前，那么只要将原文中寒武纪之后的内容取反，即“在寒武纪之前，肉眼可见的生物还没有大量出现，我们还不能了解物种的多样性”，对应B选项。
所以，当问题或原句信息中出现了明确的在某种时间前后发生的事件时，大家要注意作者已经在给出一定的提示了，我们可以通过前后的信息进行推断。
从这个角度看来，其实，阅读的推断题，很可爱对吗?只要我们了解它的出题原理和作者的出题意图，明确原文中句子间的逻辑关系，其实推断题并不是为难广大考生的绊脚石，而是帮助我们取得阅读高分、提升阅读理解能力的好工具!
托福写作高分经验分享
篇6：托福写作高分经验
托福写作高分经验丨把握写作套路轻松拿高分
一.托福写作与GRE、SAT写作比较
其实对于考过GRE的人来说，与考过SAT的 人，对于这两种人来说，作文是两种截然不同的东西。对考过GRE的人来说，作文来自于理性星球，它是一个思辨的精灵，无论作文说了什么，我们都要尽力找出 其中的逻辑漏洞，然后用精密制导导弹击毁之，是否有例子来支撑自己的观点，其实并不特别重要，只要逻辑合理就可以。这里更像是几个哲学教授的辩论。
SAT作文则是另外一个星球上的人，他们来自与感性星球，SAT作文是一个爱讲故事的小王子，在这里你如果能够有自己的思想，并且有自己的深刻感受，当然这些感受都是从故事之中来的，那么你就会得到王子的水晶鞋。这里更像是几个中国小学生的讲故事比赛。
而托福考试的作文则是来自于第三个星球，这是一个属于校园的星球，这里的每个人都是嗷嗷待哺的小野兽，是的，你们可以想象一下《怪物大学》。这里面的每个人 都所知不多，但是求知欲很强，都想得到新的知识，但是对于新的知识，又很难理解。因此总是需要很多深入浅出的例子，来对于这些新的知识和概念进行解释。这 里的人不需要太多的思考，写作文的人是这个课堂上的绝对权威，这意味着不会有人质疑你，你只要能够用恰当的例子自圆其说就好了。请注意，你是一定要有例子 来自圆其说的!否则台底下的小野兽，是听不懂你在说什么的，因为他们无法理解这些抽象的概念和知识。
二.把握托福写作套路
对于托福考试来说，其实要你做的事情十分的简单，就是给出你的3条理由，支持问题可以，反对提出的问题也可以，只要你最后有自己一个明确的观点即可，根 本不需要你有任何思辨的能力。而且也不建议有任何思辨的内容，因为按照中国学生的英语表达能力，很有可能写出，我看到你考上了清华，我很高兴，我真是含笑 九泉了，这样的句子。换句话说，在你表达能力不过关的时候，你这些思辨的内容，只会让判卷的考官，对你的想法丈二和尚摸不着头脑。
同时也不要像SAT作文一样全是例子，因为如果只在单纯的讲故事的话，你是没有论点的，而人家托福作文要的就是论点，你不给人家论点，这就不符合人家的要 求，这就好像是你女朋友家只有23平米，但是你非要给人家装一个厂房用的中央空调一样不合时宜，人家女神要什么，你就给什么吗，你虽然有更好的东西，等人 家要的时候你再给吗，人家不要，你偏要给，这多不合时宜啊，是吧，中央空调。
而且这里需要特别注意的是例子，一定要够细!最好说清在哪一年，哪一天，哪一个具体的人，这个人在大学或者公司当中处在什么位置，如果只想说公司的话，那就 要说清楚这个公司或者大学，在本行业当中排名第几，只有这样的例子才能让人信服。这就好像你说你的女神在跟你求婚，但是你如果说不出时间地点，别人是不会 相信的。只有你说出时间地点，女神的装束，最好再拿出现场的照片，人才会相信吗。
托福语法冠词要点解析
冠词常考题型及解题要点
1.不定冠词a与an的区别
解题要点 “a”后面接以辅音开始的字词“an”后面接以元音开始的字词。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现有a或an，应首先察看它后面的单词，以判断此不定冠词是否正确。
全真例题分析
(1) The Montreal International Exposition,“Expo. 67”was applauded for displaying an degree of taste superior to that of similar expositions.
(答案) B 改为a degree。
(2) If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.
(答案) A改为an atom
(3) Since the beginning of this century the United States government has played an role in the supervision and use of the nation’s natural resources.
(答案) A改为a role
(4) A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.
(答案) A 改为An election
2. 可数名词前面通常要有冠词或其它限定形容词, 非泛指的可数名词一般不能独立存在。
全真例题分析
(1) A march is highly rhythmic piece of music first used by military bands to accompany marching. (94.1)
(答案) A 名词短语 piece of music 前面应加不定冠词：a highly rhythmic piece of music
(2) The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones. (93.8)
(答案) A改为an instrument, instrument为可数名词，前面应有冠词。
(3) Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.
(答案) A 名词art,表示“一门艺术”这个概念时，应加冠词。此句应改为an art。
3.冠词的错误使用或遗漏
全真例题分析
(1) The Yukon River, which fllows into the Baring Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
(答案) D删掉定冠词the. Canada是专有名词，无需加冠词。表示“国家”“城市”“人物”等概念的专有名词前不加冠词。
(2) Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920’s was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.
(答案) C 删除冠词the。动名词前不应加冠词。特别是当这个动名词带有宾语，它的动词属性更强烈，因而不能加冠词。
(3) Some geologists predict that, by end of the next century, movement along the San Andreas Fault will have caused part of California to separate from the continent (88.1)
(答案) A 加入定冠词the,组成固定短语by the end。含冠词的词组不能随意删除或更换。
(4) At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining (89.10)
(答案) A 删除不定冠词a。At first为固定短语结构，不能随意添入冠词。
(5) Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction. (91.8)
(答案) A 此句的planets特指太阳系中的九大行星，故应加入定冠词the,即Seven of the planets……。
学习方法——语法课终结“无聊”大法
“语法”这么多年简直被妖魔化得不行，“枯燥”“繁琐”“记不住”“用不到”基本总是同“语法”如影随形。但事实当真如此吗?
语言要学习得好，的确需要“慢工出细活”，需要系统化和反复记忆练习运用。但对于知识点的消化，从听懂到会用到知道怎么用最好，一定不可缺少的就是“运用举例”这个环节。
对于已经有了一定语法基础，能够较清楚表达观点、描述细节的同学，要在短期内提高托福、雅思的听力口语写作阅读四大项分数，我还是推荐从三大从句(定语从句、名词从句、状语从句)入手。
举例来说，对于定语从句学习，在介绍完基本用法并巩固后，会结合在听力口语阅读及写作中的运用来一一讲解。譬如说，托福口语的第一道题是关于个人事项的提问，在45秒中的回答中，语法和词汇都是重要的评分标准，如何迅速提高语法结构，抓住定语从句是最直接并简单易行的一条。以Describe a place that you’d like to visit and is full of color 为例。作为回答，学生们往往会说，The place that I’d like to visit and is full of color is X.X.X. 但如果从提分、提高句子结构复杂性的角度，我就会建议在后面再加个非限定性从句，表示评价，(事实+评价的思路)。The place that I’d like to visit and is full of color is X.X.X, which is located in ….( which is the most beautiful…that I have ever seen)等等。写作作为另一门输出型考试，也是同理。
另外，针对定语从句在阅读中的运用，我会给学生看对应的托福阅读真题，要求理解。如Confidence is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans. They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk. 要求学生做对应的理解练习。
最后，针对定语从句在托福听力中的练习，我会结合在托福听力授课中的实际感悟，即很多学生对于每个听力文段每个单词都认识，但就是记不住理解不了的问题，强调抓住干的思路。通过去除定语从句部分，直截了当抓住主要思路，以求迅速反应理解。
托福语法：限定性和非限定性定语从句
这两个名字从初中起就出现在我们的英语课堂上，然后阴魂不散。
想起它们经常会想起初中英语老师的教诲，想起五年高考三年模拟上的单选题——“没有逗号的是限定性定语从句，有逗号的是非限定性定语从句”，“that只能修饰限定性定语从句，逗号后修饰非限定性定语从句只能用which”。至于它们在用法上到底有什么区别呢?一个有逗号，一个没有逗号，实际内容上好像没什么不同啊。哦对有同学想起来了“限定性定语从句是修饰前面的一个名词，而有逗号的非限定性定语从句是在修饰前面的一整个句子”。
敏锐的朋友们可能注意到了，前面都是在引用观点啊，下面作者要发表自己的意见了(微笑)
其实，限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句在表意的功能上就是不一样的，给大家两句话来感受一下：
This is the only bookstore in our town that is closed.
This is the only bookstore in our town, which is closed.
大家应该能够感受到两个句子意思不同了吧。
第一个是，这是我们镇上唯一一家关门的书店。——别的书店还开着呢。
第二个是，这是我们镇上唯一一家书店，它关门了。——再没有别的书店了。
其实限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，这两个名字似乎很拗口，其实就如它们的名字所表示的：限定性定语从句是限定它所修饰的名词的特征的(如：唯一一家关门的书店)，非限定性定语从句并不限定，只是做补充说明(这是唯一一家书店，而且它关门了)。
回到GRE考试中，在一道逻辑单题中我们会看到这样一个选项：
A. cotton grass is the only one of the caribou’s food sources that is becoming scarce as temperatures rise in arctic regions.
很多同学之前会理解成：Cotton grass 是caribou唯一的食物，而且它会随着北极温度升高而减少。然后误选这个选项。
而现在我们知道它其实是一个限定性定语从句，意思是：Cotton grass 是唯一一种会随着温度升高而减少的caribou食物;别的caribou的食物不会随着温度升高而减少。
语法其实从来不是一堆事儿逼编出来的莫名其妙的必须要这样那样的规则，而是为了清楚高效地表意而约定俗成的一种规律。
篇7：托福写作备考经验
准备工作 写作可谓是展现自己英语实力的最好平台，是显示你综合能力的地方，听力阅读中的词汇，语法，
托福写作备考经验分享
。口语中的思维。结合在一起，经过再加工，写下来，便是写作了。1、单词
再来强调，基础的基础，单词。但是写作对与单词的要求已经不是仅仅认识就可以了。写作，正如这个词所昭示的那样，要求你熟练的使用词汇。如何正确的选择词汇，如何合理的使用他们，都要进入你的考虑范围。因此，在背单词时，注意积累自己的写作核心词汇。在背单词时，大家常常可以发现一些不错的词汇，可以用来表达自己长期以来想表达却因为词汇而无法表达的内容，云云。觉得有用，或者作个记号，或者记到另外一个本子上。
2、词组和同义词
词组和同义词可以丰富你文章的多样性，避免文章因为使用单一的词汇而显得枯燥乏味。同时，使用一些高端词汇更可以为你的文章增色。这些词组和同义词可以在平时的背单词和阅读时积累。也可以在TWE185篇范文中反复挖掘。
顺带一提，研读范文是很有必要的。同样一个题目，范文是如何写的，我是如何写的，比较之下，范文哪里比我写的好，哪些好的地方又值得我借鉴?从范文中也可以挖掘出很多有用的东西。
3、句式与结构
这个是区分高手与新人的一大特点，单词可以死背。同义词可以修改替换。但是灵活的使用句式，并对整个文章的合理把握，想做到这样，确实是一件比较难的事情。“地道”不“地道”也就是这样被区别的。如果说硬逼自己使用“地道”的词，而文章整体却不“地道”。会显得十分生硬。
如何积累着部分的知识呢?大量的阅读，无论是范文，小说，论文。感受别人好的方面，并把他们都记下来。不断的总结，发展为自己的一部分，
备考资料
至于练习。我们下面马上会说到。实战演练 1、综合写作部分
综合写作总体上与独立写作相比是比较简单的，因为它只要求文字准确即可。不要求文字的华丽。但是大部分同学都受制于其阅读和听力部分。尤其是听力，常常听到类似于听不懂或者记不住之类的抱怨。其实，参考托福考试听力部分，经过一番锻炼之后，相信大家不应该会有太 烦。但是为了一防万一。
我是再谈谈一些技巧吧(又是技巧啊~~害人的东西，尽量别用，实力才是王道。)阅读时，能总结多少总结多少，虽然文章还可以看到，可以完了再看，但是提前看好省时间.而且带着问题去和听力比较，听他是反对，支持?会极大的提高你对文章的理解。注意去听，他是他是反对，用了哪些例子?理论?记下这些重要信息。但是，再开始时，推荐听力能记下多少记下多少。 理解其结构后再开始分类其信息。
总体上，记住准确，严禁，质量三个原则就可以了。阅读速度和听力不好的同学们再加把紧吧。
2、独立写作部分
独立写作，没什么捷径，练吧。我的建议是一个星期至少一篇，并在每一篇中尽量使用这个星期新学到的词汇，词组，句式。这样即可以强化记忆，同时也可以实践一下，自己是否可以驾御这写新东西。同时在实践中，渐渐的融为一体，发展自己的风格。
同时，写完后，一定要自己给自己修改，自己给自己纠错很重要，同时也是为了上考场
没事了，也多给别人改改。写的好，借鉴人家的经验，记下好词好句。写的不好，前车之鉴，避免犯同样的错误。子曰：三人行，必有我师。
考场经验 1、打字速度一定要注意，速度不好的同学一定要抓紧时间练。
2、写作部分大家会听到不停的敲键盘的声音，不要害怕，那是无数人的声音合在一起的效果。
3、时间分配一定要注意，最后要给自己检查的时间。
【托福写作高分学霸备考经验】相关文章：
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