译林牛津模块8 Unit 2 教学一体化详案(译林牛津版高三英语选修八教案教学设计)
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篇1：译林牛津模块8 Unit 2 教学一体化详案(译林牛津版高三英语选修八教案教学设计)
Unit 2 welcome to the unit ---- word power
1.universal adj.
the Universal Declaration of Human 世界人权宣言/ 宇宙的 ；全世界的
a universal rule 普遍规律/ 普通的；一般的；全体的=general
a universal meter 通用电表/ 通用的万能的
Ex: 那年普遍干旱_________________________________________________.
足球是全球性的运动___________________________________________.
2 witness
n.目击者，证人，证据
A witness told the police how the fire started,
vt.目睹，目击，作证，说明
He witnessed the accident on the highway.
Ex:
After the explosion,the policeman did a lot of work to find out some clues from the ____-
A.lookers-on B.viewers C.people D.witness
3.star n. the North/polar star北极星
a shooting star 流星
The sun is a star 、、、是恒星
a five pointed star 五角星/ [星状物]
a film star [明星]
vt.
In the list the starred questions are the most difficult. (starred; starring) [常用被动态]用星（或星状物）装饰；加星号
an old film starring Charlie Chaplin 以、、、为主演
Ex: We know something about the play which ________ Wang Ji.
A. stars B. starring C.to star D.having starred
4.cast vt.及物动词
vt. 投；抛；掷；脱落
-He shut me up in the copper jar and had it cast into the sea.
-他把我禁锢在坛子里，并叫人把坛子抛入大海。
-The fisherman cast his net into the water. -渔民把网撒在水里。
-The horse cast a shoe. -马脱了蹄铁。
选派演员，分派角色
He was cast for the part of Yang Zirong.他扮演杨子荣。
The part was cast to him.这个角色分配给他演。
5．be set in 以、、、为背景
The book is set in the 17th century Spain.这本书是以17世纪的西班牙为背景。
6．for the first time 第一次，首次，
the first time 第一次做某事的时候（引导时间状语从句）
Ex:
________ (第一次) I went abroad.I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
This is __________ (第二次)that you have been late this week.
This is the first time she had been out with him alone.=This is the first time _____ her being out with him alone.
7. take on 呈现出、、、；演绎
Her eyes took on a hurt expression 她的眼睛里流露出受委屈的神情
Ex:翻译下列句子：
The company is taking on new staff.
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
Jackie Chen is going to take on the leading role in this movie.
8．be drunk with 醉心于、、、，对、、、痴迷，陶醉于、、、
He is drunk with success
Ex: translate:不要沉迷于网络。___________
They are drunk with making a fortune.____________
9.dare vt/vi
He dare speak in public.
He dare to speak in public.
Ex: The shy girl _____ dance before so many strangers, ______ she?
A.daren’t ;does B. daren’t ; dare C.doesn’t dare ; dare D.dare not; dares
10.exercise control over 对、、、实施控制，控制
We should think of a way to exercise control over our expenses.
Ex: 1）The pilot _______ _______ ________ (失去控制)the plane.
2)She managed to ________ _______ _______(控制住)her car on the ice.
3)She may be old ,but she is still _____ _____ (掌管)
Ex:翻译1）He exercise his right as a citizen._____________
2）Teachers exercise authority.___________
11．terrify vt.恐吓，使感到恐怖
The thunderstorm terrified the child.大雷雨把这孩子吓坏了。
terrified adj.害怕的，吓坏了的
The animals were terrified by the storm.动物被风暴吓坏了
They were terrified by his sudden appearance.他的突然出现，把他们吓了一跳。
The children were terrified of being scolded.那孩子害怕挨骂。
12.threaten v. 恐吓，威胁；预示、、、的凶兆；有、、、的危险
He threatened to make the phone public.
他恐吓说要把那张照片公开。
The heavy black clouds threaten a storm.乌云密布预示着暴风雨将到来。
The robber threatened me with a gun.
threaten sb with death用死威胁某人
threaten to do sth威胁要做谋事
Ex. 翻译：他扬言要辞职。______________
他没有威胁的意思。_____________
Threaten peace_________
Threaten sb with death____________
13．condemn vt.判刑，处刑；声讨；谴责
Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.
任何人都愿意把任何暴力行为视为恶行加以谴责。
Ex: The judge _______ him for fraud.
A. denounced B. condemned C. charged D. accused
Unit 2 Gramma---- Project
1.privilege n. 特权；特别待遇 vt.给予…特权
eg. It was a privilege to make his acquaintance.
翻译句子：
1) 在许多国家，受教育是一种特权。
2 )与他交谈是很荣幸的事。
2. voyage n. 航海旅行
指点迷津：
1） voyage指不论路程长短的水上或空中的旅行
2） journey一般指时间和距离都较长的陆路旅行，不含有回到原出发地的意思
3） trip指短距离的旅行，常回到原出发地
4） tour指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地
5） travel泛指旅行这一行为过程。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念
练习：
用voyage, journey, trip, tour或travel填空。
1） His parents are on a____ by ship now.
2） He made a __ around the Greek Island.
3） ____ in the mountains can be slow and dangerous.
4） Did you go to Pairs during your____?
3. play a role in 在…担任…角色
eg. Helen wished to play the leading role part.
练习：
1） We don’t like her as she is always speaking highly of the role she___ in the groups.
A. makes B. plays C. takes D. acts
2) 翻译句子 The question of cost will play an important role in our decision.
4. anchor v. 使固定，使稳定；使停泊
短语：
be anchored in… 扎根于…之中
be at anchor 在停泊中
完成句子：
The large ship ___ ____ ____(停泊在) Huangpu River.
5. essential adj. 不可或缺的，极为重要的；根本的，本质的
c.n. 常用复数，必需品，要素，要点
eg. Previous experience is not essential.
the essentials of maths 数学纲要
完成句子：
1） There is no___ ___(根本区别) between the two methods.
2） Sun and water are___ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____(是作物生长不可或缺的)。
6．decline n. 衰弱，减退，减少（常用单数）
v. 拒绝，谢绝；衰落，减弱
用法拓展：
decline sth. 谢绝…..
decline to do sth. 谢绝做…
on the decline 衰退中，走下坡的
完成句子：
1） There has been___ ____ ____(逐渐减少) in the population of the town.
2） He___ ____ ____(拒绝回答) my question.
7. intend v. 打算, 想，意图是
用法拓展：
1） intend to do sth.
intend sb. to do sth.
intend + that 从句（从句用虚拟语气）
2) intended to have done 本来打算做
练习：
1． 句型转换
They intended the plan to be put into practice.
= They intend that the plan___ ___ ___ into practice.
2.翻译句子
His good intentions were repaid by good results.
8.break up v. 分解，拆散
短语归纳：
break out （战争，火灾）爆发
break in 闯入，插入
break off 使终止，打断
break into 闯入，打断（带宾语）
break through 出现；突破
break down 分散，拆散；坏了；身体垮下来
单选：
1） You will___ sonner or later if you keep working like that.
A. break off B. break down C. break into D. break out
2) Can he___ away from old habits?
A. do B. put C. take D. break
9. appeal n.v. 呼吁；恳求；诉诸，求助
用法：
1) appeal to sb. for sth.
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
2） appeal to 诉诸…
用适当的介词填空
1． The idea appealed___ Mary.
2． These subjects have lost their appeal___ most students.
3． He made one last appeal___ his father to forgive him.
省略
省略是英语中的一种避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。英语中，省略的原则是既不损害语法结构，同时又不能产生歧义。
1． 不使用替代词的省略
（1） 省略主语
I have done more than (what ) is required.
(You) Open the window and the door for me,please.
（2） 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分
Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin ?
(Are you ) Ready ?Try to answer these questions in your own words.
（3） 省略宾语
---Which of them is better ?
---Well,it is hard to tell (which of them is better).
（4） 省略表语
---Are you hungry ?
---Yes, I am (hungry).
（5） 省略所有格后面的名词
Jack and his sister stayed in his uncle’s(home) during the summer vacation.
The girl’s handwriting is much better than his brother’s (handwriting).
（6） 省略定语从句中的关系代词
关系代词that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常都可以省略。如：
The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.
Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.
The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.
（7） 不定式中的省略
a 英语中为避免重复，经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式中的
小品词to；这类动词有：expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,
wish,would like和love等。如：
She asked me to dance with her,but I didn’t want to (dance with her).
---Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary ?
---No,I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)
b 在have to,need,ought to,be going to,used to等后省略动词。如：
I really didn’t want to go there with him,but I had to (go there with him).
c 在某些形容词等后省略后面的动词。如：
---Will you join in our discussion ?
---I’ll be glad to (join in your discussion).
d 如果不定式中带有be,have,have been等，通常保留be,have,have been。如：
---Did he pass the driving test ?
---No,but he ought to have (passed the driving test).
2．使用替代词的省略
（1） 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的
替代词有：do /does /did,so,not,neither,nor和the same等。
用助动词do /does /did来替代上下文出现的动词，以免重复。如：
She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.
（2） 用so可替代单词、短语或句子，作believe,be afraid,expect,do,fear,hope,suppose,
say,think 等的宾语。如：
---Will it be fine tomorrow ?
---I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)
3. 常见的省略结构
（1）在虚拟条件句中，当助动词为were,had,should等时，连词if可省略，但were,
had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。如：
Had I had time,I would have gone shopping with you.
Were I you, I would go there and help him.
Should the teacher have time next week,he would come to the party.
（2）如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。引导这类主语从句的连词有：when,while,though,if和unless等。如：
The old woman was knocked down while (she was)crossing the street.
The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police.
（3）有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible,when it is necessary等。:如：
Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.
We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.
（4）在作状语的独立主格结构中，分词短语往往可以部分被省略。如：
The work (having been)done,the secretary left the office and went home.
The weather (being)fine,we decided to go on a picnic on the beach.
（5） 由and连接的that引导的两个从句，第二个that不能省略。如：
The teacher told me (that) I had passed the driving test and that I could have a rest
the next day.
【考考你】
一、 单项填空
1．--Do you think it will snow tomorrow ?
-- _______.
A.I don’t think B.No,I don’t think C.I don’t think so D.No,I don’t
2. –Will you go home tomorrow evening ?
--No.I am going to a lecture,or at least,I am planning _____.
A.it B.on C.so D.to
3.Edward became a good football player _____ in college.
A.when B.because C.as soon as D.even though
4.____ green ,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted
5.What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which
6.---You should have given them some advice.
-- _______.But who care what I offered ?
A.So it was B.So I should C.So I did D.So should you
7.-I would never come to this restaurant again.The food here is terrible!
-- _____.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
8.-Would you like to have some cakes ?
--thank you._________.
A.I’d like to B.I’d like to have C.I’m full D.I’d better to home
9.The teacher told us to remain silent unless ________.
A.to be asked B.being asked C.asked D.you asked
10.-(asking a patient) ________ ?
--Much better.
A.Are you feeling better today B.Better today
C.How are you feeling today D.Above all
11.-You should have thanked her before you left .
--I meant _____,but I couldn’t find here anywhere when I was leaving.
A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so
12._________it snow tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will
13.I ______and will never ask suvh a silly question.
A.have never B.never C.have asked D.have never asked
14.-Did Jane pick up some Russian when she was on business abroad ?
--I imagine _____.
A.that B.she was C.so D.it
15.She opened her mouth as if _____something important.
A.saying B.to say C.having said D.to have said
16.-She must look like a very pretty girl.
--Yes,I imagine _____.
A.to B.that C.it D.so
17.---Everyone says you are a good employee.You never make a mistake,do you ?
---_______ .
A.Yes,never B.Yes,sometimes C.No,sometimes D.Oh,really
18.One of the sides of the paper should be painted yellow ,and ______.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
19.--Who has been planning the summer camp ?
--Everyone in the class ________.
A.is B.have C.has D.are
20.-She’s not an English teacher,is she ?
-- _________________.
A.Yes,and she isn’t B.Yes,but she was
C.No,but she isn’t D.No,but she was
21.If the weather is fine,I’ll wash my clothes.If _____,______.
A.not;not B.no;no C.not;no D.no;not
22.John plays football ______,if not better than,David.
A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as
23.-Mary is not coming tonight.
--But she ______.
A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised
24.-Have you found the dog ?
--_________.
A.I am B.I’m C.I’m just going to D.I’m just going
25.The twins are different in appearance but _____in characteristics.
A.not B.no C.aren’t D.don’t.
二、 将下列句子改写为省略句
1． You come this way,please.
2． I beg your pardon .
3． She works harder at English than I work.
4． Is there anybody you want to see ?
5． Why don’t you go picknicking with us in the mountain ?
6． You may go with us if you want to go.
7． Mary likes reading better than she likes going to parties.
8． What a pity it is you can’t come with us !
9． I will go to the party unless I am invited.
10. Unless it is necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
11. Get up early tomorrow.If you don’t get up early,you will miss the first bus.
12. --I didn’t go to see our former teacher while I was in Shanghai.
--But I think you should have gone to see him.
三、 看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子。
1.Beg your pardon .
2.Sounds like a wonderful idea.
3.No wonder he can play computer so well.
4.This way,please.
5.Any more questions ?
6.Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.
7.Going to Science Museum with me this afternoon?
8.Got to go now.
四、 单句改错
1. Why not asking me about it ?
2. How about go to Shenzhen for our holidays ?
3. Though tiring,he kept on working.
4. When first introducing to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
6. If giving the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.
7. –You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.
--I meant to do,but I had to attend an important conference.
8. --Did you enjoy the performance last night ?
--Yes, I do enjoy it.
9．I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to see.
10. –Did he tell you that the meeting was put off ?
--No,but he ought to.
11. After killed,he was thrown away into the river.
12. I don’t know whether he has passed the exam.If is so,I’ll be very glad.
单词拼写
根据所给单词的首字母及汉语意思完成句子。
1.Music has been called ‘the u language’ because people do not need to speak the same language to understand it.
2.The film (由……主演)of the world’s greatest film stars.
3,Shylock was a c moneylender,who was always cruel to the people who borrowed money from him.
4.He was found guilty and c to death.
5.Big Joe Tuner never achieved much fame when he was alive mainly because there was still racial d in the USA then.
6.The film is a (令人心碎的)love story.
7．That man is with（醉心于）power.
8.Princess Turandot (折磨)Liu , and Liu kills herself.
9．She speaks (流利的) Italian.
10．An orchestra is a group of m that mostly play classic music.
11.Brought up by his grandmother, Tom felt a great a for her.
12.If the factory is closed,many people will face u .
13.She went live abroad after the break-up of her (婚姻).
14.The pain caused the boy to cry (大声地).
15.Rain and snow are (现象) of the weather.
16．Not only did she speak (正确地),but she spoke easily.
17．When she came out of the water ,she was t with cold.
18.All the while she was (使……感到恐惧) by the fear that she had cancer.
19.I don’t think he is the kind of person to say (恼人的) things.
20．A chemist can separate a medicine into it’s (成份).
21．The (员工) has been greatly increased this year in our department.
22．As one grows older one’s memory d .
23.My parents hired a private t to help me with my English.
24.The v from England to India used to take six months.
25.Music has little (吸引力) for me.
26．Every citizen has the p of equality.
27.He looked at her with a m of admiration and curiosity.
28.Bill spent two weeks in the hospital r his strength after the operation.
29.After months of overworking, Jack was suffering from m and physical exhaustion.
30.As he pushed her, she (摇摆) higher and higher.
短语和句子
一．翻译下列短语
1.世界语言 2.五颜六色的服装和脸谱
3.弦乐器 4八场演出的首场
5.歌剧演唱家 6.在他生命的最后时期
7.以日本为背景 8.对――完美的
9.覆盖着红色和金色的装饰镶板
10.在一段感人的独唱表演中
11.把他的未来托付给某人之手
12.---的关键要素 13.故事的背景
14.领取失业救济金 15.人事部
16.首张专辑 17.流行歌曲排行榜上的冠军
18.醉心于―－沉溺于―― 19.对―――实施控制
20.食言、收回承诺 21.被处死
22.申请 23.民歌
24.扎根于――之中 25.种族歧视
26.发财、赚钱 27.征召―――入伍
28.解散、解体、分手 29.从摇摆乐到摇滚乐
30.巡回演唱他们的老歌
二．完成句子
1.几位世界顶级歌唱家担当主演，许多中国音乐家也参加了演出。
It _________ some of the world`s greast singers. Many Chinese _________ were also _______.
2.它变成了一个美丽而令人心醉的爱情故事的发生地。
It has been _________ _________the _______ ________a beautiful and ________ love story.
3.不可能有比这更好的场景了。
There ________ _________ be a __________ setting.
4.故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿三人之间的经典三角恋情。
The story then _________ ________ a classic love ________ _______ Calaf、Turandot and Liu.
5.图兰朵不顾一切地想知道他的名字，她威胁、恐吓柳儿。
Turandot is ________ ________ learn his name and _________ and _________ lLiu
6.歌剧在一段美妙的终曲二重唱中结束。
The opera __________ __________ a beautifully- _________ final _________.
7.他称得上是最受欢迎的作曲家之一。
He __________ his _________ as one of the most popular composers.
8.这次表演让我激动得屏住呼吸。
The performance left me ____________ _____________ excitement.
Answers:
welcome to the unit ---word power
1. The drought is universal that year. ;Football is a universal game.
2. D 3.A. 6.The first time ; the second time;of 7.那家公司正在招人，你可以去试一试。；他总是乐于挑重担。；成龙将在这部影片中扮演主角。8.Don’t be drunk with network . 他们醉心于发财致富。9.B 10.Lost control of; keep control of; in control 他行使公民权。；教师对学生进行管束。12.He threatened to resign.; He doesn’t mean to threaten.; 威胁和平； 用死来威胁某人13.B
Grammar--- project
1． Education is a privilege in many countries.
To talk with him is a privilege.
2.voyage, trip, travel, travels 3.B 成本问题将在决策中起很重要的作用。
4.was at anchor 5.essential difference essential to the growth of crops
6. a gradual decline declined to answer
7. should be put 他的善意得到了善报。
8．B D 9．to , for, to
省略
一、 单项填空
1----5CDABA 6----10CBCCD 11---15BBDCB
16---20DBCCD 21---25ABBCA
二、 将下列句子改写为省略句
1.This way,please. 2.Pardon.
3.She works harder at English than I.
4.Anybody you want to see?
5.Why not go picnicking with us in the mountain?
6.You may go with us if you want to.
7.Mary likes reading better than going to parties.
8.What a pity you can’t come with us !
9.I will not go to the party unless invited.
10.Unless necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
11.Get up early tomorrow.If not,you will miss the first bus.
12.-I didn’t go to see our former teacher while in Shanghai.
--But I think you should have.
三、 看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子
1.I beg your pardon.
2.It sounds like a wonderful idea.
3.It’s no wonder he can play computer so well.
4.come this way,please.
5.Do you have any more questions ?
6.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.
7.Are you going to the Science Museum with me this afternoon?
8.We / I have got to go now.
四、 单句改错
1. Why not ask me about it ?
2.How about going to Shenzhen for our holidays ?
3.Though tired,he kept on working.
4When first introduced to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
5The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to .
6.If given the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.
7.–You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.
--I meant to ,but I had to attend an important conference.
8.--Did you enjoy the performance last night ?
--Yes, I did enjoy it.
9．I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to .
10. –Did he tell you that the meeting was put off ?
--No,but he ought to have.
11. After being killed,he was thrown away into the river.
12. I don’t know whether he has passed the exam.If so,I’ll be very glad.
单词拚写
1.universal 2.stars 3.cold-hearted 4.condemned 5.discrimination 6.heartbreaking 7.drunk 8.tortures 9.fluent 10.musicians 11.affection 12.unemployment 13.marriage 14.aloud 15.phenomena 16.correctly 17.trembling 18.terrified 19.disturbing 20.components 21.pesonnel 22.declines 23.tutor 24.voyage 25.appeal 26.privilege 27.mixture 28.regaining 29.mental 30.swung
短语翻译
1.the universal language 2.colourful costumes and face paint
3.string instrument 4.the first of only 8 performances
5.opera singer 6.towards the end of his life
7.be set in Japan 8.be perfect for
9. decorated panels covered with red and gold
10.in a moving solo performance
11.leave his future in one`s hands 12.the key components of
13.the setting for the story 14.collect unemployment benefits
15.Personnel Department 16.the first album
17.a number one hit on the pop charts 18.be drunk with
19.exercise control over 20.break one`s promise
21.be condemned to death 22.apply for
23.folk song 24.be anchored in
25.racial discrimination 26.make a fortune
27.be drafted into 28.break up
29.from swing music to rock and roll
30.tour and perform their old music
完成句子
1.starred musicians cast 2.transformed into location for heartbreaking
3.could not better 4.takes on triangle featuring
5.desperate to threatens terrifies 6.finishes with sung duet
7.deserves status 8.breathless with
篇2：牛津英语 m8 Unit 2 教案(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Unit Two (The Universal language)
Period 1
Welcome to the Unit
Teaching aims:
(1).Make students talk about the opera Turandot and read about the history of music from jazz to pop
(2).By talking and discussing, students’ spoken English can be practised.
Important points & difficult points:
(1). Students are expected to express their own opinions by talking and discussing.
(2). Encourage students to speak freely.
Teaching aids:
Backboard
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
Music plays an important role in our daily life. Have you ever had the experience of listening to a piece of music and feeling that it is written just for you? Music can be used to express many feelings, such as love, sorrow, friendship and peace. Although people from different areas of the world have different styles of music, we can still understand each other’s music. Without music, what would our lives be like?
How much do you know about music? Now let’s try to say some words about music:
● Music: classical music, pop music, folk music, swing music, blues, jazz, rock and roll, rap, opera…
● People related to music: musician, singer, composer, pianist, violinist…
● Musical instruments: guitar, piano, violin, drum…
Step 2: Sharing information
1. Work in groups of four and discuss the four pictures on page 17.
Picture of a jazz band
What are the people doing in this picture? What do you know about jazz?
(Jazz is a musical art form. At the end of the 19th century, jazz music was the most popular type of music. Jazz was started in New Orleans in the USA and most jazz musicians at that time were black. It has been called the first original art form to develop in the USA. Early jazz musicians made money by playing in small bands. Often, jazz musicians made up the music as they were playing. Early jazz came from folk music and later developed into something else of its own.)
Do you know any famous jazz musicians?
(Louis Armstrong, one of the most famous jazz musicians, was born in New Orleans. He created wonderful jazz music with his trumpet. In addition to playing trumpet, he also sang and danced. He performed on Broadway, in films and recorded music.)
What does jazz music sound like to you?
Picture of Chinese opera
What are the people doing in this picture? What is Chinese opera?
(Chinese opera is a traditional form of drama in China. It started in the Tang Dynasty when Emperor Xuanzong founded the ‘Pear Garden’. A Chinese opera performance includes elements such as dance, song, dialogue, swordplay and acrobatics. The features of Chinese opera which can distinguish a character’s age, gender and personality are the makeup, movements, props and the colour of costumes.)
What does Chinese opera sound like?
(To some young people nowadays, the music accompanied by gongs, cymbals, drums and stringed instruments sounds a bit ‘shrill’ and ‘noisy’. However, the stories and the melodies are unique.)
Do you know any famous Chinese opera performers?
Picture of a girl playing the violin
What is the girl doing in this picture? What do you know about the violin?
(The violin belongs to the string family of instruments. It is made of wood and uses steel strings. A violinist uses a bow pulled across the strings to create beautiful music.)
Do you know any famous violinists?
(In the past, the great violinists played the violin as well as writing music for the instrument. After the 19th century, composers and violinists started to be two different roles. The most famous violin composers and players are Corelli, Vivaldi, Locatelli and later Paganini, Sarasate, Wieniawski, Vieuxtemps, Ysave, Kreisler and Enesco.
Picture of a girl playing the piano
What is the girl doing in this picture? What do you know about the piano?
(The piano belongs to the percussion family of instruments. It consists of a keyboard attached to a wooden box, inside of which are metal strings. A piano is played by pressing the keys. Each of the keys is attached to a hammer that strikes one of the strings inside the box.)
Do you know any famous pianists?
(Among the most famous pianists are Beethoven from Germany, Franz Liszt from Hungary and Frederick Chopin from Poland. Beethoven is known for his sonatas, Liszt for the Hungarian Rhapsody and Chopin for Revolution Etude.)
2. Work in pairs and have a discussion about the three questions below the pictures.
Sample answers
1 My favourite kind of music is classical music. Classical music uses orchestras and many instruments cooperating to create music together. I like listening to music played by orchestras. You can hear things played on instruments from all of the different families--woodwind, string, percussion and brass. Also, classical music tends to be slower, so it makes me feel calm when I listen to it.
2 The musician I like very much is Jay Chou. Many people may think that he is just a pop singer, but I consider him to be a pop musician. He sings about broken heart, urban stress and young dreams. He expresses his experiences, feeling and personality into his music, which attracts young people who have similar thoughts. That is why many teenagers in China like him so much.
3 Yes. I watched Chinese operas with my grandfather when I was young. A Chinese opera performance includes elements like dance, dialogue, swordplay and acrobatics. The music instruments used for Chinese opera include gongs, cymbals, drums and stringed instruments. A character’s age, gender and personality are shown through the makeup, movements, props and colour costumes. In comparison, Western opera puts greater emphasis on music and design, conveying a story through singing and dancing. Dialogue is expressed through songs. Both Chinese and Western opera use music to express themes like love, betrayal and hope.
Step 3: Discussion
Many of us believe that music can have a very great effect on us. This is especially true of classical music, which some people believe can make us calmer or even smarter. There is a theory, called the ‘Mozart Effect’, that playing classical music for a child can help his or her brain develop. As a result, a lot of parents play classical music for their children, some even beginning before the child is born, in the hope that their children will be smarter. What do you think of the ‘Mozart Effect’ theory? Do you think it is true? Why or why not?
Do you think adults can become smarter or calmer by listening to classical music? Why or why not?
Step 4: Homework
1. Collect more information about music.
2. Prepare the Reading part.
Period 2
Reading
Teaching aims:
1. To help the students know some background knowledge about opera Turandot and the history of music
2. To master the skills of reading a review of an opera
Teaching aids:
Recorder, blackboard
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
Boys and girls, I’m glad to tell you that today we’ll have a chance to enjoy a section of performance of Giacomo Puccini’s world-famous opera, Turandot.
OK. It is performed in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Can you guess who directed it? (Zhang Yimou.)
Have you seen any of Zhang Yimou’s films?
Do you like them? Why or why not?
What else has Zhang Yimou directed besides films? ( They are the ‘Bid for the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing’, which was shown in Moscow, a performance at the closing ceremony at Athens Olympic Games, an outdoor performance of Third Sister Liu in Guilin and Turandot in Beijing).
Have you seen or have you ever heard of the opera Turandot?
If you have seen or heard of it, Can you tell us what it is about?
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
A review is a report or an essay giving some information as well as some opinions or ideas about a book, a performance, a painting or something similar.
In our lesson today, we will read a review of an opera. What do you think the review will tell us? (It will give us some background information about Turandot, tell us about the plot of the opera and give other information, such as the actors’ names, as well as an evaluation of the performance as a whole.)
Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.
1. What is Turandot?
2. Who wrote Turandot?
3. Was the performance indoors or outdoors?
Answers
1 Turandot is an opera that tells the story of a cold-hearted Chinese princess, named Turandot, who lives in the Forbidden City. To avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die.
2 Giacomo Puccini wrote the opera. The final scene was completed by Franco Alfano, one of his students, based on Puccini’s notes after he died.
3 It was performed outdoors.
Step 3: Detailed reading for important information
1. Let’s read the passage a second time and find out the background information of the opera. Then complete the table:
Main characters of the story Turandot-a Chinese princess；Calaf-a prince；Liu-Calaf’s father’s young slave
Setting Beijing’s Forbidden City
Plot
The story takes on the classic love triangle of the three main characters Turandot, Calaf and Liu. Liu loves Calaf, but Calaf has fallen in love with Turandot. Because Turandot does not want to get married, she declares that anyone who wants to marry her must answer her three questions. If the one cannot answer these questions, he will be killed.
Director Zhang Yimou
Conductor Zubin Mehta, an internationally famous conductor born inIndia
Actors and actresses Sharon Sweet-Turandot; Barbara Hendricks-Liu; Kristjan Johannsson-Calaf; other singers and musicians from abroad and China
2. Retell the story of Turandot, using what has been written in the table.
Step4: Read the text again and choose the best answers according to the text.
A⑴ How many performances of Turandot were performed in the Forbidden City in Beijing?
A. eight B. seven
C. one D. the text doesn’t mention it
A⑵ Who wrote Turandot and when was it written?
A. Giacomo Puccini, in 1924
B. Giacomo Puccini’s former student, in 1924
C. Zubin Mehta, in the 1990s
D. Sharon Sweet, in the 1990s
C⑶ When was Turandot staged in Beijing?
A. in 1924
B. in the twenty first century
C. in the 1990s
D. in
D⑷ How does the writer think of the opera?
A. terrible B. moving C. boring D. amazing
Step5: words and expressions
Vocabulary Words witness, star, cast, avoid, dare, disturbing, recite, threaten, aloud, marry, breathless, guard, key, combine, heartbreaking, fluent, condemn
Useful expressions the end of, be set in, instead of, for the first time, fall in love, take on, be drunk with, exercise, control over, break one’s promise, be upset by, by surprise, be condemned to death, be shocked by, win one’s affection, at the end of, bring together
Sentence patterns 1. In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die.
2. There could not be a better setting.
3. Although he would like to, he cannot break his promise.
4. Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands.
5. The opera finishes with a beautifully-sung final duet, which was so moving that the audience fell silent.
Step6: Pair work
Talk about a Western or a Chinese opera that you are all familiar with. Introduce the main characters, the setting and the plot.
Chinese Opera
The Chinese opera is a traditional form of stage entertainment, weaving together elements of mime, dance, song, dialogue, swordplay, and acrobatics into one fluid continuous flow. Gestures, movements and expressions incorporated within each performer's script come together to bring forth an impressive performance. In contrast to Western stage entertainment, which is subdivided into different categories such as opera, drama and sketches, Chinese opera has remained faithful to its original format over the centuries.
By doing away with three-dimensional stage props and complicated backdrops found in Western opera, Chinese opera conveys the idea of time and space to the audience through the acting of performers. This simple and flexible technique is called “imagined time and space” in Chinese operatic terminology. The acting, however, is not mere imitation of movements in daily life. Instead, it has been perfected to bring out just their essentials, making them highly-stylize and rhythmic dancing movements. Such acting is described in Chinese stage language as “stylized formula”. In addition, Chinese opera has specific costumes, facial make-ups, musical motifs and recitations to represent each character in the series of characters known as Xingtous. All this, plus imagined time and space and stylized acting, has enabled the story to rise above real life and create a strong dramatic atmosphere with distinct operatic effects.
Western ears do not readily appreciate this art, for Chinese opera often seems shrilly and 'noisy'. Shrill voices pierce the air, accompanied by loud gongs, crashing cymbals, pounding drums and droning stringed instruments. The music is not intended to be melodic, as in the West, but rather used as punctuation to the performance. Chinese opera is an art of the people-enjoyed and appreciated by all across the social spectrum. In a real sense it is a folk art, comparable in many ways with the Chinese Circus. Although the music of Chinese opera may seem very alien, the stories told are very familiar to those accustomed to Western opera: heroes battle overwhelmingly powerful foes, good versus evil, and lovers seek escape from domineering and disapproving parents.
A distinct feature of Chinese opera is the makeup, movements, props, and colorful costumes. These features identify a character's age, sex, and personality the moment he or she enters the story. Face painting leans heavily on earlier forms of mask and make up. Facial patterns rely on exaggeration and the symbolism of color to suggest a character's attributes and personality. The painted faces become what the Chinese call ‘a mirror of the soul’. Well-versed members of the audience will be able to tell instantly the personality of characters on the stage by their painted faces. Although colors sometime represent a physical attribute of a character, they are predominantly used as indicators of a character’s personality. Apart from the exquisitely embroidered traditional costumes, head-dresses are a requisite in Chinese opera. The more elaborate the head-dress, the more significant the character. Costumes are extravagant in style in order to achieve as great a theatrical effect as possible. Like the face makeup, the color codes of these costumes identify the various ranks, status, and personality of the characters.
Although sharing a common ancestry, Chinese opera boasts over 300 various distinct forms-taking their names from their places of origin. These forms are generally discernible by their use of local dialects and distinct ‘melodies’. Beijing opera is considered by most to be the most refined. Also widespread are Pingju Opera, Kunqu Opera, Shaoxing Opera, Henan Opera, Sichuan Opera, Shanxi Opera, Huangmei Opera, Huagu Opera and Yangko Opera. Some Chinese ethnic minority groups have some local form of operas. Many modern instrumental music pieces incorporate traditional instruments while adapting a more modern style. However, instrumental music is still very traditional. Many works of traditional music are still played by small quartets and large orchestras. Chinese melodies are quite unique and incorporate into many modern compositions. Chinese instrumental music has changed because it is no longer restricted to the traditional format. Even non-traditional instruments such as the piano are used in creating modern works.
Western Opera
Opera is a form of theatre in which the drama is conveyed wholly or predominantly through music and singing. Opera emerged in Italy around the year 1600 and is generally associated with the Western classical music tradition. Opera uses many of the elements of spoken theatre such as scenery, costumes, and acting. Generally, however, opera is distinguished from other dramatic forms by the importance of song and conventions of vocal technique. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra. Opera may also incorporate dance; this was especially true of French opera for much of its history.
Comparable art forms from various other parts of the world, many of them ancient in origin, exist and are also sometimes called “opera” by analogy, usually prefaced with an adjective indicating the region (for example, Chinese opera). These independent traditions are not derivative of Western opera, but are rather distinct forms of musical theatre. Opera is also not the only type of Western musical theatre: in the ancient world, Greek drama featured singing and instrumental accompaniment; and in modern times, other forms such as the musical have appeared.
The word opera means “works” in Italian (from the plural of Latin opus meaning “work” or “labour”) suggesting that it combines the arts of solo and choral singing, declamation, acting and dancing in a staged spectacle. Dafne by Jacopo Peri was the earliest composition considered opera, as understood today. It was written around 1597, largely under the inspiration of an elite circle of literate Florentine humanists who gathered as the “Camerata”. Significantly, Dafne was an attempt to revive the classical Greek drama, part of the wider revival of antiquity characteristic of the Renaissance. The members of the Camerata considered that the “chorus” parts of Greek dramas were originally sung, and possibly even the entire text of all roles; opera was thus conceived as a way of “restoring” this situation. Dafne is unfortunately lost. A later work by Peri, Euridice, dating from 1600, is the first opera score to have survived to the present day. The honour of being the first opera still to be regularly performed, however, goes to Claudio Monteverdi’s Orfeo, composed for the court of Mantua in 1607.
Step 7: Homework
1. Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
2. Parts A1 and A2 on page108 of the Workbook.
Period 3
Word Power
Teaching aims:
1. Learn and master the new words related to computers.
2. Enlarge the knowledge about the internet.
Important points & difficult points:
Master the expressions about the internet.
Teaching aids:
Recorder, blackboard
Teaching procedures:
Step1. Lead-in
At the beginning of today’s class, let’s play a guessing game. Here are several cards, in each of which is written an instrument. I’d like one of you to give a brief description of them and other students to guess what they are.
For reference
1. piano: a large musical instrument with a row of black and white keys which are pressed to play notes.
2. violin: a wooden musical instrument with four strings which is held against the neck and played by moving a bow across the strings.
3. guitar: a musical instrument with six strings and a long neck which is usually made of wood, and which is played by pulling or hitting the strings with the fingers.
4. cello: a wooden musical instrument with four strings, that is held vertically between the legs and is played by moving a bow across the strings.
5. trumpet: a brass musical instrument consisting of a metal tube with one narrow end, into which the player blows, and one wide end. Three buttons are pressed in order to change notes.
6. horn: a curved musical instrument made of metal, which is narrow at the end you blow down to make a sound, and wider towards the other end.
7. flute: a tube-shaped musical instrument with a hole that you blow across at one end while holding the tube out horizontally to one side of you.
8. clarinet: a tube-shaped musical instrument which is played by blowing through a single reed and pressing the metal keys to produce different notes.
9. cymbal: a flat round musical instrument made of brass, which makes a loud noise when hit with a stick or against another cymbal.
10. bass drum: a large drum that produces a low sound
Step2: Questions
1. Do you know how to play the piano/violin/guitar?
2. Have you ever seen a live orchestra performance or seen any orchestras playing on TV? What was it like?
3. What is an orchestra like?
4. What kind of music is performed by an orchestra?
5. Do you know any famous orchestras in China or in other places around the world?
For reference
Usually there are two types of orchestra. A chamber orchestra is a small group, and a symphony or philharmonic orchestra is a larger group which includes all of the instrument families.
The music that an orchestra plays is usually classical.
The members of an orchestra are musicians, including the conductor, the pianist, the violinist, the flutist and so on.
There are different types of musical instruments in an orchestra. The percussion family includes the piano, the timpani, the xylophone, the triangle, the snare drum, the bass drum, the woodblocks and the gongs. The brass family are the trumpet, the horn, the trombone and the tuba. The woodwind family members are the flute, the clarinet, the oboe and the bassoon. Sometimes the saxophone also joins the orchestra. The string section has four kinds of stringed instruments in the orchestra-the violins, the violas, the cellos and the double basses.
Step 3: Vocabulary learning
Small: a ________orchestra (chamber)
An orchestra large: a ________ orchestra (symphony/philharmonic)
________ (strings)
________ (woodwind)
Four groups of musical instruments ________ (brass)
________ (percussion)
________ classical music (Western)
________ (opera)
Music of an orchestra popular music
Music from different ________(countries)
Step 3: Homework
Finish the exercise P22-23
Period 4
Grammar and usage (Ellipsis)
Teaching aims:
1. To sum the usage of ellipsis and learn the usages of them.
2. To focus on the special styles .
Teaching important and difficult points :
1. To conclude the usages of them and do some practice .
2. How to use ellipsis correctly in a concrete sentence .
Teaching procedures :
Step 1: General introduction
The grammar item in this unit focuses on ellipsis. You will learn when to use ellipsis and how to use it correctly. You are expected to apply what you have learnt to practical use by finishing the two exercises in this section.
Step 2: Explanation and practice
Read the instructions on page 24. We use ellipsis when we do not want to repeat words or phrases that are obvious.
Ellipsis
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences），这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out）。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。
省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法，而且也是一种简便至极，“虽无胜有”的修辞手段。如果弄不清一句中哪些部分省略了，就可以产生误解或歧义。
省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。
一、词法上的省略
1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：
at the doctor's 在诊所
at Mr Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家
at the barber's 在理发店
2. 冠词的省略
1）为了避免重复
The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）2）在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。
3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：
She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：
Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。
3. 介词的省略
1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：
These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.
这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：
The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。
4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from) doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing..., spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如：
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。
4. 动词不定式中的省略
1）有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如：
I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.
他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
2） 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：
They made the boy go to bed early. 他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
3）在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to； but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。如：
We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：
I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：
I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
5）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：
Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
6） 主语部分有实意动词do 的任何形式，is /was后是不定式做的表语解释do 的内容，通常省略to.
The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.
7） 动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同
样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：
They may go if they wish to (go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后）省略。如:
-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：
-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
-Sure, I'll be glad to (join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。
有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to。如： He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come). 尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：
-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？
-No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。
二、句法中的省略
在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。
1．简单句中的省略
1) 感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如：
What a hot day (it is)! 多热的天啊！ How wonderful! 多妙啊！
2) 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：
-(Will you) Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？ -No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。
(Is there) Anything else to say? 还有别的要说吗？
2．并列句中的省略
1) 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
2) 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
3) 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
4) 在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party).
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
3. 复合句中的省略
1) 名词性从句中的省略
(1) 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).
他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
(2) 有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：
(I'm) Sorry I've kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。
(3) 在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。
2) 定语从句中的省略
(1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。如：
The man (who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?
今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
(2) 关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time (day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place (desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。如：
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair.
他来这么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable.
你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。
3）状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
(1) 在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：
While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。
(2) 在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：
Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
(3) 在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。
(4) 在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：
He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
(5) 在as (so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：
I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。
三、替代性省略
在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和so， not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：
-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?
你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？
-I suppose not. 我认为不会。
Step3: Practise
1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
2. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ________?
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
3. Be sure to write to us, _______?
A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you
4. How about the two of us ________a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
5.-I usually go there by train.
-Why not _______by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6.-Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
-I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
7. -Could I borrow your dictionary?
-Yes, of course you ________. (1992MET)
A. might B. will C. can D. should
8. -Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
-__________. (1994 NMET)
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
Keys: 1-5 ADACD 6-8 CCB
Step 4: Consolidation
I. Multiple choice
1. ＿＿＿＿＿ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
2. - I’d like to have a piece of bread and two eggs.
- Anything ＿＿＿＿＿?
A. following B. follows C. to follow D. to be followed
3. He suggested that the work ＿＿＿＿＿ at once.
A. be done B. should do C. could do D. does
4. It’s a fine day. Let’s go swimming, ＿＿＿＿＿?
A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we
5. Be sure to be here early tomorrow, ＿＿＿＿＿?
A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. could you
6. Father advised me not to say anything until＿＿＿＿＿ at the meeting.
A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. ask
7. We will have a meeting next week, but we don’t know ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. who B. where C. as D. which
8. Though the little boy is often made ＿＿＿by his brother, he made his brother ＿＿＿yesterday.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
9. - I’ll go to Korea to watch the 14th Asian Games. Would you mind looking after my dog?
- Not all. ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. I can’t B. Please don’t C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
10. - Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
- ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. I believe not B. I believe not so C. I don’t believe it D. I don’t believe
11. - What do you think made the girl so glad?
- ＿＿＿＿＿ a beautiful necklace.
A. As she received B. Receiving C. Received D. Because of receiving
12. - Aren’t you be chairman?
- No, and I ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. don’t want to B. don’t want C. don’t want to be D. don’t want be
13. You’re＿＿＿＿＿your time trying to persuade him. He’ll never join us.
A. spending B. wasting C. losing D. missing
14. - He promised to come to see you.
- But he ＿＿＿＿＿. I’ve been all alone.
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. hasn’t D. won’t
15. -- How about the number of students playing on the playground?
-- ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Small B. Many C. Little D. Most
16. All substances, ＿＿＿＿＿ solids, liquids, or gases, are made up of entirely atoms.
A. whether they B. whether C. whether are they D. whether are
17. - Have you watered the flowers?
- No, but ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. I am B. I’m going C. I’m just going to D. I will go
18. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly＿＿＿.
A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose
19. If ＿＿＿＿＿ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given
20. He broke his legs while ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. riding B. ride C. was riding D. rode
II. Translation
1. 我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了。
2. 这种物质称为水，其重要性仅次于氧。
3. 上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。
4. 我的兄弟有时抽烟，而我不抽烟。
5. 一旦出版, 这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之一。
Keys :
I. 1-5 CCADA 6-10 CBDDA 11-15 BCBCA 16-20 BCBCA
II.
1. My uncle is better than when I wrote to.
2. This substance we call water, and come next only to oxygen．
3. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if not the largest (city).
4. My brother smokes, but I don’t (smoke).
5. When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
Period 5
Task ( Making an exhibition board about a composer)
Teaching aims:
1. to improve the students’ listening ,speaking and writing skills.
2. to collect facts and figure out opinions.
Teaching procedures:
Skills building 1: listening for facts about people
Every one of you must have a good friend in your class. Would you like to give your best friend a brief introduction? Or would you like to talk about a famous person that you admire most?
What information do you want to know when we talk about people?
● dates (born/died)
● places (born/died)
● specific things done in their life
● detailed information (why they did so; who or what influenced them)
Step 1: taking notes on famous composers P26
Skills building 2: finding about people’s lives
1. To obtain more detailed information, what are we supposed to do when we already know a little about a topic? (Asking questions.)
2. If you already know some general information about a famous composer, but you want to get more detailed information about him or her, what should you do? What information would you like to know about the famous composer’s life? One of the good ways to learn about people’s lives is to ask some questions.
3. Read the guidelines and the eleven questions on page 28 and compare them with your own questions. Then decide which questions can help you get more detailed information.
Step 2: asking for further information
Now, let’s use the skills we just learned to get further information. Suppose you interview a member of the school music club.
1. Work individually to think up and write down as many questions as you can to find more detailed information. You can consult your notes on page 26.
2. Work in pairs, one asks questions and the other answers these questions using the prompts. After that, I’d like you to present the questions and answers in front of the classroom.
Skills building 3: writing someone’s life story
1. Discussion:
When you write a person’s life story on an exhibition board, what should be included in it?
Should the date and place of his or her birth and death, timeline of the things he or she did and people’s opinions on him or her be included? How will this information be organized?
How can you find the facts or get the timeline?
Do you think it necessary to add a picture of the person you choose to write about?
2. Read the guidelines in this part to find out the main things you should pay attention to when writing a life story.
Step 3: writing the life story of a composer
Now, let’s try to write a life story about a famous composer based on the information you have collected in Step 1 and 2.
1. Work in pairs: review the information you have listened to, the article you read about Mozart on page 27 and the other information you read on page 28. Discuss the following questions:
When and where was Mozart born?
What style of music did he compose？
When did he write his first piece of music?
What famous works did he write?
When and where did he die?
2. Let’s use the information that you gathered in Steps 1 and 2 to write the life story of a composer, referring to the questions in Skills building 3. Read the instructions in this part. Before writing, you should think about what you should write in your articles.
Possible example
The life of a famous composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
(1756-1791)
Early years
Born on 27 January 1756, in Salzburg, Austria, Mozart showed remarkable talent in music. His father was a successful composer and served as his first musical tutor. At the age of five, Mozart started writing classical music. He composed classical music and had his first piece of music published in 1764. He composed his first opera at the age of twelve in 1768.
Achievements
Some of the famous music that he wrote included:
The Marriage of Figaro, which he wrote for the Vienna Opera, one of the world’s best-known opera houses.
Don Giovanni, another successful opera he wrote in 1787.
The Magic Flute, written in 1791, just before he died later the same year.
Family
In 1782, Mozart married Constanze Weber, a young woman from Germany.
Period 6
Project (Making a web page)
Teaching aims:
Improve the students’ ability of practice.
Important points & difficult points:
Read the passage about the history of music from jazz to pop
Language points in the text
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1: lead-in
The project in this unit is designed to help you practise and use English by completing a project. You are first asked to read a magazine article about the development of pop music over the last one hundred years. You are expected to take this article as your sample and do some research on a singer or a band to make a web page. The purpose of this section is to help you use what you have learnt to finish a project by working together. During the course of the project, you will discuss which singer or band you will focus on, what you will include in the project and how you can organize your web page. In order to finish the project, you are expected to know how to cooperate and work together to complete each part.
Step2: Fsat Reading
Have you heard of the Eagles? It’s a world-famous rock & roll band. Let’s first enjoy their classic “hotel California”.
Like most Americans, and most bands formed in California, the Eagles came from eslewhere. Their brand of rock'n'roll was nurtured in the heartland, not on the fringes. Early songs from “Take it easy” to “Desperado” were dubbed “country rock”. But, as the Seventies rolled on, the Eagles soared higher and wider. “Best of my love” and “Lyin'eyes” were rock and pop and country and the fans took them as their own.. The distance between the country and the city, the redneck and the hippie, narrowed. In the Nineties, that gap would be forever closed by another generation of country rockers.
Well, are you interested in pop music? Would you like to know more about rock music? Let’s read the passage and you’ll get more information.
Step3: Detailed reading
Read the article and find out as much information as possible about Western Pop music. Organize the outline of the article as follows:
Early jazz
● Jazz began in the USA.
● After World War I, jazz was the most popular type of music.
● It came from the folk songs of American black slaves.
● The trumpet was and still is one of the most important instruments used in jazz.
● Louis Armstrong is seen as one of the founding fathers of jazz.
● Solo performance became an essential part of every jazz song.
From swing music to rock and roll
● Swing music is a kind of jazz for dancing.
● It is faster than traditional jazz music.
● Swing music was usually played in dance halls by ‘big bands’, including a pianist, a violinist and a bassist, as well as others.
● R﹠B is a kind of mixture of jazz and swing.
● R﹠B included both guitar and saxophone solos.
● R﹠B developed into what we know as rock and roll.
● Big Jon Turner, a black American singer, is thought to be one of the pioneers of rock and roll.
● Sam Philips, a music promoter from Memphis, Tennessee, found that a white man named Elvis Presley could sing like a black man.
1960s pop music
● The Beatles were the most popular rock and roll band of the 1960s.
● The Beatles helped make Western pop music popular around the world.
● Wherever the Beatles went, large numbers of fans would welcome them.
Step4: Task
Read the article again. Underline the key words, phrases or sentences about the development of pop music.
Step5: Discussion
1. Work in groups to discuss how to research and what to research about a singer or a band.
2. Work in pairs to discuss the questions in Part B.
Step6: Homework
Read Part A on page 115 of the Workbook.
篇3：译林牛津模块8 Unit 1 Reading 教案(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Step1: Lead in
1. Do you know some famous works of the Chinese literature?
2. What about the foreign literature?
3. Who is the author of the Great Expectations?
Step 2: Background information of Charles Dickens.
Resources
Charles Dickens was born on 7 February 1812 in Portsmouth, England. He had a happy childhood after his family moved to Chatham. At the age of 12, Dickens had to leave school because his father was imprisoned for debt. The poverty and adversity Dickens experienced as a child greatly influenced his later views on social reform. Before his death on 9 June 1870, he wrote about 15 major novels and many short stories, most of which are famous for their surprising endings. If you want to learn more about this great novelist, you may visit the following website:
www.helsinki.fi/kasv/nokol/dickens.html
Step 3: Fast reading for general ideas
Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page 2. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.
Step 4: Detailed reading for important information
Let’s read the passage a second time and complete answer the questions.
1. Some people think that classics are old-fashioned because of the following statements except __________.
A. they were written a long time ago.
B. the language used in them is quite different from the language used today.
C. they are difficult for people to understand.
D. They can only be found in bookshops and libraries.
2. Which of the following statements is wrong?
A. Clueless, the award-wining film is based on Charles Dickens’s novel.
B. the film based on Great Expectations was released in 1998.
C. At first, Charles Dickens published many novels in newspaper.
D. Good classics are examples of great writing and wisdom.
3. When and where is Great Expectations set in?
A. in the USA in the 1800s. B. in England in the early 1800s.
C. in England in 1812.. D. in the USA in 1870.
4. What is /are the theme(s) in Great Expectations?
A. Wealth does not buy happiness.
B. What it means to be a gentleman.
C. Friends are more important than a fancy education.
D. All of the above.
5. According to the author, classic literature_____.
A. is old-fashioned and boring
B. has nothing to do with life today
C. is novels that can be made into films
D. still has a place in today’s world
6. What is the author’s intention in writing the article?
A. She tries to convince us to adopt a new point of view towards classics.
B. She asks us to reconsider our ideas about the films based on classics.
C. She tells us that classics are the antiques of the literary world.
D. She suggests that there are enough classics in bookshops and libraries.
Step 5: Post-reading activities
.Please fill in the blanks.
Charles Dickens
(Lived from_______ to ______): born in ________; is considered as __________________. His best-known works such as ___________, __________________,________________,_____________.
About Great Expectations
The symbol:____ meaning:_________________
The theme:______________________________ wealth and friendship
Background/Setting:_________________________
Character development of Pip:
At 7:_______________________________
At 18:______________________________
In London: developed _________________________________________;hoped to be a gentleman and __________________
At the end: understood that wealth does not buy happiness and friends are __________________________
Step 6: Reading Strategy
Discussion: What makes a good persuasive essay?
分词练习
1. There was a terrible noise _____the sudden burst of light .
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
2. The first textbooks ____for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
3. The next morning she found the man _____in bed dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
4. What’s the language ______ in Germany .
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
5. She’s upstairs______ letters .
A. writes B. is writing C. write D. writing
6. Most of the articles _____ to the party were from South Africa .
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
7.The computer center , ____ last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
8.The speaker raised her voice but still couldn’t make herself ____.
A. hear B. being hearing C. to hear D. heard
9.The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off .
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
10.She set out soon after dark____ home an hour later .
A. arriving B. to arrived C. having arrived D. and arrived
11.With trees , flowers and grass _____ everywhere , my native town had taken on a new look .
A. planting B. planted C. to plant D. to be planted
12.You will find the word “psychology” ____under “ p” in your dictionary .
A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing
13.In the past few years , we have had thousands of trees_____ around our school .
A. plant B. plantedC. planting D. being planted
14.Is this the recorder you want_____?
A. to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. it repaired
15.She was glad to see her child well____ care of .
A.take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking
16.The result of the entrance exams was not made______ to the public until last Thursday .
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. be known
17.He found them___ at a table ____.
A.sat…to play chess B.sitting…to play chess C. seated…playing chess D. seat…playing chess
18.I can make you _____ what I say , but you can’t make yourself ____ in English .
A. understand… undertstand B. understand….understood
C. to understand…understand D. understand… to be understood
19.The girl asked him not to leave the door_____.
A. to close B. closed C. to be closed D.closing
20.I have often heard the “ABC Song”_____, but I have never heard Alice_____ it .
A. to be sung B. being sung…sang C. sung…sing D. sang…singing
21.John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door____ .
A. leaving …unlocked B. leaving…unlocking C. left…unlocked D. to leave …unlocking
22.Before she came to England , she had never heard a simple English word____.
A. speaking B. spoken C. to speak D. speak
23.____poor at English , I’m afraid I can’t make myself___.
A. To be…understand B. I’m …to understand C. Being…understanding D. Being…understood .
24.I have had my bike_____ , and I’m going to have somebody______ my radio tomorrow .
A. repair… to repair B. repairing…to be repaired
C. repaired…repair D. to repaire…repairing
25.---- Who are you going to have_____ this letter for you ?
----- My secretary .
A. type B. typed C. been typed D. been typing
26.____ the room , the nurse found the tape recorder_____ .
A. Entering…stealing B. Having entered…to be stolen
C. To have entered…being stolen D. Entering…gone
27.When his wife returned ,the husband noticed her hair____short .
A. cutting B. to be cut C. being cut D. cut
28.The students are told to have their homework _____ in before tomorrow afternoon .
A. hand B. to hand C. handed D. handing
29. We are pleased to see the problem_____ so quickly .
A.settled B. settling C. be settled D. having been settled
30.I could feel the wind_____ on my face from an open window .
A. to blow B. blowing C. to be blowing D. blown
答案：1---5 ：B D A B D 6---10 : A D D D D 11---15 : B C B A C
16---20: B C B B C 21.---25 : A B D C A 26---30 : B D C A B
1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A.To see B.Seeing C.Having seen D.Being seen
2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth .
A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix
3.We're to listen to her voice. It's to hear her sing.
A.pleased; pleasing; pleasure B.pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C.pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D.pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. a post office, I stopped some stamps.
A.Passed, buying B.Passing, to buy
C.Having passed, buy D.Pass, to buy
5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Having compared
6.Here are some new computer programs for home buildings. A.designing B.design C.designed D.to design
7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A.To save B.Saving C.Saved D.Having saved
8.The teacher came into the classroom by his students.
A.following B.to be following C.followed D.having followed.
9.With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A.to lose B.losing C.lost D.has lost
10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make mself______. A.being heard B.hearing C.heard D.hear
11.The result of the test was rather .
A.disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.disappoint
12.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A.use B.used C.using D.useing
13. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A.Not to know B.Not knowing C.Knowing not D.Not known
14.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A.being moving B.moved C.moving D.to be moved
15.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A.came B.comes C.come D.coming
16.______ the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A.Having shown B.Showing C.Has shown D.Having been shown
17.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A.gathering B.gathered C.gather D.being gathered
18.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A.follow B.following C.followed D.being followed
19.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A.live B.to live C.lived D.living
20.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood
21.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A.settle B.settled C.to settle D.settling
22.The ground is with leaves.
A.covering, falling B.covered, falling
C.covered, fallen D.covering, fallen
23.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A.to learn B.learn C.learned D.learning
24.The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A.stolen, hidden B.stealing, hiding C.stealing, hidden D.stolen, hiding
25.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A.to learn, to forget B.learning, to forget
C.to learn, forgetting D.learning, forgetting
26. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A.To produce B.Being produced C.Produced D.Having produced
27.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. A.coming to B.going to C.leading to D.turning to
28.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A.consider B.considering C.considered D.be considered
29. many times, he still couldn't understand.
A.Having been told B.Having told C.He having been told D.telling
30.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square (平方)kilometres.
A.to cover B.covered C.covers D.covering
31.“We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the imformation office.
A.discussed, stared seriously B.being discussed, seriously staring
C.to be discussed, seriously stared D.discussed, stared
32.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added
33. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A.Writing B.Having written C.Written D.Being written
34.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A.fright B.frightening C.frightened D.frighten
35.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A.marked B.mark C.to mark D.marking
36.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A.announce B.announcing C.announced D.to announce
37.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing
38.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A.heard B.hearing C.hear D.to hear
39.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A.collect B.to collect C.collected D.collecting
40.The cars in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A.produce, produce B.produced, produced
C.produced, producing D.producing, producing
41.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.
A.examine B.examining C.to examine D.examined
42.① a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
② a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A.Having been given B.Having given C.Giving D.Being given
43.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.
A.say B.saying C.said D.being said
Ⅱ.用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.
2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)
4.Just then he heard someone (call) for help.
5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)
6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.
7. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.
10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Ⅲ.改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
1. Look round when you cross the street.
2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4. Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.
5. A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.
6. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.
8. The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
10. The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.
参考答案
Ⅰ、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.B 20.D
21.D 22.B 23.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.C
31.A 33.D 34.B 35.C 37.B 38.C 39.A 41.B 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.B
Ⅱ、1. cheating 2.repairing 3.repaired 4.calling
5.raised 6.playing 7.compared 8.running
9.made of 10.lost
Ⅲ、1.Look round when crossing the street.
2.Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.
3.Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
6.While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.分，共20分）
Ban the Band (乐队)？
Every year, our school has a dance for all the students. It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colourful 36 , instead of the usual school uniform.
Most of us think the dance is great 37 , - even the teachers enjoy being there. _38 , two weeks ago someone said that there would be no 39 band this year - only CDs.
“I don’t 40 it!” Amy cried out during the lunch break.
“Someone said the school couldn’t 41 a band, and they think it’s too noisy anyway,” added Daniel.
“Well, I don’t think it’s 42 enough without a band!” declared Angela, “and I’m going to see what can be done.”
Angela was as good as her 43 . In the afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the 44 some more thought. And he suggested that one _45 for having a band was to increase the price of each ticket from $5 to $10. Angela had to 46 out whether the students would like to do that.
“I need all of you to help me,” she 47 on our group before school the next day. “Mr. Berry gave me a list of all the names, and suggested we ask each one their 48 about the band and the extra cost.”
36-55: BACBD CADBA BDCDC ABACD
_49 the day we asked around as Angela suggested, and wrote down people’s feelings about the band and the cost. We were amazed how much 50 there was for the band and everyone agreed to pay the extra $5.
“I’m surprised,” smiled Mr. Berry, when we gave him the 51 . “I really thought that only a few people 52 their band and that the cost would be too high. OK, Angela, your next 53 is to find a good band and line them up for the dance.”
Angela was all smiles and 54 the news to Amy and Daniel. “You’re 55 ,” smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.
36. A. shapes B. dresses C. flowers D. pictures
37. A. fun B. work C. effort D. progress
38. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Therefore
39. A. new B. live C. foreign D. marching
40. A. mean B. need C. accept D. believe
41. A. lead B. serve C. afford D. form
42. A. good B. clear C. useful D. easy
43. A. look B. behavior C. mind D. word
44. A. schedule B. situation C. view D. action
45. A. possibility B. concern C. decision D. chance
46. A. call B. find C. carry D. point
47. A. admitted B. replied C. apologized D. announced
48. A. knowledge B. instruction C. opinion D. information
49. A. On B. For C. By D. During
50. A. trust B. money C. support D. care
51. A. results B. notices C. questions D. examples
52. A. welcomed B. wanted C. defended D. invited
53. A. task B. business C. exercise D. duty
54. A. showed B. wrote C. broke D. read
55. A. amusing B. interesting B. exciting D. amazing
Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States, maintained high moral (道德的) standards throughout her youth.. In 1984, at the age of 23, she married Bill. They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.
By 1991 their love had deepened, and they were happy. Later that year, Bill developed a white spot on his tongue. He visited a doctor.
One day shortly after that, Bill called Karen to sit beside him. He said with tears in his eyes that he loved her and wanted to live forever with her. The doctor suspected that he had been infected with HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS.
The family was tested. Bill and Karen’s results were positive. Bill had become infected before he met Karen; then he passed the virus on to Karen. The children’s results were negative. Within three years, Bill was dead. “I don’t know how to express what it is like to watch the once handsome man you love and intend to live with forever dying slowly. I cried many nights. He died three months short of ten years of our marriage,” says Karen. Though a doctor told Karen that she would soon follow her husband into death, she is still alive. The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.
Karen is but one of about 30 million people now living with HIV/AIDS, a figure larger than the combined populations of Australia, Ireland and Paraguay. According to one UN report, Africa has 21 million of these victims. By the turn of the century that number could reach 40 million and the disease will bring on the greatest disaster in human history. Of the world’s sexually active adults aged 15 to 49, 1 in 100 has already been infected with HIV. Of these, only 1 in 10 realizes that he or she is infected. In some parts of Africa, 25 percent of the adults are infected.
Since the beginning of the spread of AIDS in 1981, about 11.7 million people have died of it. It is roughly calculated that in alone, about 2,3 million people died of it. Nevertheless, there are fresh reasons for optimism in the battle against AIDS. During the past few years, there has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations. In addition, promising drugs hold out hope of better health and longer life.
61. By telling the story of Karen, the author intends to .
A. warn people against high risk behaviors B. stress the importance of medical tests
C. express sympathy for AIDS victims D. show the consequences of AIDS
62. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A. were lucky in having B. were asked to adopt
C. regretted having D. gave birth to
63. Bill was suspected of being infected with HIV after .
A. he got married to Karen
B. the family members were tested
C. Karen persuaded him to see the doctor
D. he found something wrong with his tongue
64. It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. promising drugs will soon stop AIDS
B. the spread of AIDS could be controlled
C. it is hopeless to win the battle against AIDS
D. the death rate of AIDS patients has been reduced
DADB
Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters in the cupboard to dogs in the park. But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly. Kids experience fears and phobias (恐惧症) much more strongly than adults. And the influence of the fear can be physical as well as psychological (心理的). It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything - a kind of childhood anxiety. Dr. Creswell says: “Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal with any challenge.” So don’t make the same old mistake of treating them as if they’re silly for being a “scaredy cat”. Handling the fears is essential.
Children can be born nervous and., if you have such a baby, you’ll tend to prevent them from getting worried. So if they fear dogs, you’ll keep them away from dogs, but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary. What is worse, keeping your child away from what they fear can turn that feeling into a phobia. Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment. Dr. Andy Field, a researcher of childhood fears, says: “You shouldn’t force, for example, a dog anxious child to go up to a dog. But you can approach it yourself, show them there is nothing to be afraid of, stroke (抚摸) it, and talk about the dog being friendly. Once your child dares to stroke a dog - one that’s good with children, of course - then you should encourage them to carry on until they feel calmer, and reward them for ‘being brave’.”
69. Children’s fears are usually taken lightly because .
A. they will not develop into phobias B. their influence is psychological
C. they exist widely in the world D. they will disappear gradually
70. If we fail to help children to overcome fears, they will .
A. make the same old mistake B. overcome them by themselves
C. experience the worst of things D. grow up lacking self-confidence
71. According to Dr. Andy Field, if a child is afraid of a cat, parents should .
A. tell the child not to be afraid of it B. show the child how to approach it
C. keep the child away from it D. ask the child to stroke it
CD B
篇4：译林牛津模块8 Unit 1 学案(译林牛津版高二英语选修八学案设计)
Reading Appreciating Literature
编写:尤丽莉 柏玉 审阅：陈兰
一、学习目标及重难点
1.To help the students to understand the text
2.To learn the reading strategy
3.To learn the vocabulary about the text
二、预习、讨论
（一）单词拼写
1.经典的 adj. 2 古董n.
3 文学的 adj. 4 被承认的 adj.
5 智慧 n. 6 灰尘 n.
7 改编 n. 8 作品 n.
9 章 n. 10 单纯的 adj.
11 不确定 n. 12 紧张 n.
13 转弯 n&v 14 情节 n.
15 慷慨的 adj. 16 财富 n.
17 金融的 adj. 18 突然的 adj.
19 持续的 adj. 20 破旧的 adj.
21.缺点 n. 22. 浅薄的 adj.
23. 偏见 n. 24. 严格的 adj.
25. 有教养的 adj. 26. 主题 n.
27 .财富 n. 28.花哨的 n.
（二）讨论并回答问题
1. What is classic literature?
2. Who is Charles Dickens?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.How old is Rip when the story begins?
三、要点剖析
1. They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written and well received that people still read them today. (P2) 它们是很久以前创作的小说，戏剧和诗歌，写得很好，很受欢迎， 直至今日人们仍然在阅读这些作品。
so…that…
so...that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such...that中的such为形容词，后面接名词 (名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰)。例如：
He became so angry that he couldn't speak. 他变得很生气，以致说不出话来。
It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk. 那是一个很晴朗的日子，我们出去散步。
2.receive
v. [T] 1) to get or be given sth.: 收到
Did you receive my letter?
I received a phone call from your mother.
They received a visit from the police.
2) to be able to hear someone's voice when they are communicating with you by radio: (无线电)接收
I'm receiving you loud and clear.
3) to react to sth. or someone in a particular way that shows how you feel about it or them: 被承认的,受欢迎的
The prime minister's speech was well/warmly/coldly, etc. received by the conference delegates.
3. Many people do not read them because they think they are old fashioned and boring, and have nothing to do with life today… (P2) 许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们过时了，枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何关系。
have nothing to do with
与...无关
be/have something to do with
to be related to sth. or a cause of sth. but not in a way that you know about or understand exactly: 与…有关
I'm not sure what he does exactly - it's something to do with finance.
It might have something to do with the way it's made.
4. He first published many novels one chapter at a time in newspapers, and some were later performed on stage. (P2) 他的许多小说起初是在报纸上连载, 每次一章, 有些作品后来被搬上了舞台.
at a time
dealing with things separately: 每次,一次
If you raise your hands, I’ll answer your questions one at a time.
Frank took the stairs two at a time.
Because of his work, he is often away for weeks at a time.
time常用短语及用法
once upon a time
used at the beginning of children's stories to mean 'a long time ago': 很久很久以前
Once upon a time there was a beautiful young princess with long golden hair.
at the same time
despite this: 与此同时,尽管如此
No-one likes conflict, but at the same time we have to deal with this problem.
all the time
continuously: 一直,总是
I wish you'd stop criticizing me all the time.
for the time being
for a limited period: 暂时
Leave the ironing for the time being - I'll do it later.
in no time (ALSO in next to no time)
very quickly or very soon: 很快,不久
The children ate their dinner in no time.
ahead of time
in advance: 提前
Let's meet for lunch. I'll call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where.
at any time
ever: 任何时候
Parking is not allowed here at any time.
at (any) one time (ALSO at a time or at any given time)
at or during any particular point or moment in the day:
Only a certain number of people are allowed in the building at any one time.
I'm sorry, but I'm too busy to help you now - I can only do one thing at a time.
at the time
at the particular point when sth. was thought of or done: 当时,此时
It seemed like a good idea at the time.
in time
early enough:及时
I got home just in time - it's starting to rain.
If we don't hurry up, we won't be in time to catch the train.
We arrived in good time (= We arrived early) for the start of the match.
from time to time
sometimes but not often: 时不时的
From time to time I still think of her
at one time
in the past: 曾经,一度
At one time, George Eliot lived here.
5. Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.（P3）皮普的姐姐几乎没有什么善言好语，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
would rather
The phrase would rather means ‘prefer to do sth.’. It is usually shortened to ’d rather in informal English.
I’d rather have a quiet night in front of the TV.
We could go to the park for a picnic next Sunday if you would rather do that.
She’d rather go shopping in the afternoon.
The phrase would rather --- than --- means ‘to prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. else’.
I’d rather stay at home than go shopping in the crowded department store.
I’d rather go to the cinema to watch a new film than watch an old one at home.
She’d rather read storybooks than watch cartoon films.
6. Excited by his move to London, Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. (P3) 搬到伦敦让皮普兴奋不已，他迫不及待地开始了他的新生活。
hardly
adv. only just; almost not: 几乎不
I could hardly hear her at the back.
11. Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love. (P3) 皮普一心要成为一名绅士，赢得爱斯特拉的芳心。
bend
v. [I or T] (bent, bent) 1) to (cause to) curve: (使)弯曲
I bent down and picked up the coins lying on the road.
After her fall she complained that she couldn't bend her leg properly.
2) to unwillingly accept the opinions or decisions of other people: 向……屈服
The local council was forced to bend to public pressure.
n. [C] a curved part of sth.: 弯头
There's a bend in the pipe so you can't see from one end to the other.
be bent on
The crowd of young people was bent on violence.
7. make the acquaintance of (P5)
acquaintance
n. [C] a person that you have met but do not know well: 见过的人
a business acquaintance
[U] FORMAL used in some expressions about knowing or meeting people:
It was at the Taylors' party that I first made his acquaintance (= first met him).
have a nodding acquaintance with sb./sth.
to know someone slightly or have a slight knowledge of a subject:
She has only a nodding acquaintance with the issues involved.
高二英语作业一
班级_____ 姓名______学号________
I 填词与 翻译
1. Classics are the __________ of the literary world.
2. In a modern __________________ of Charles Dicken’s novel appeared in cinemas.
3. There is a ____________ in the plot when a very _____________ stranger gives Pip a lot of money. Pip is about 18 when this happens, and the ___________ stes him free from _________ worries. Pip makes the _________ decision to move from Kent, which is a __________ __________ of his ____________ beginnings to the bright lights of London
4 我想这些经典小说如果与现代生活没有关系的话，是不会被编成影片的
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 不久他养成了浅薄 偏见的缺点，真挚歧视以前的同伴.
____________________________________________________________________
II单选
1 His headache has nothing to do _____ the operation.
A for B on C with D /
2 He may go home, he will have nothong to do _____ next week.
A for B on C with D /
3 If I _____ to do this test, I should do it in another way.
A were B was C am D are
4 Not only _______ problem very important, but it is a difficult problem to be solved at once.
A this is B is this C this are D are this
5 My aunt invited me to the movies, but I said I would rather ______ on a picnic with the girls.
A going B gone C went D go
6 He is full of racial prejudice ______ career habits.
A for B against C with D from
7 He was bent _______ them happpy.
A on making B making C in making D to make
8 The novel Oliver Twist ____ England _____ was about a poor boy who had only misfortune, not a real family and the love he deserved.
A. was set in; in 1830 B. was set in; in the 1839’s
C. set in; in the 1830s D. set in; in 1830s
9 After his mother died, Oliver was ____ in a placde with other children who also had no parents.
A. brought up B. kept C. risen D. raise
10 His great height ____ him to play baskeball.
A. fitted for B. fitted C. suited D. suited for
11 Poor health comes ____ shabby eating habit.
A. after B. as a result C. as a result of D. resulting in
12 I like ____ when you told that joke.
A. it B. him C. that D. what
13 The sheer size of the cathedral is a constant reminder ____ the trourists ____ the power of teligion.
A. for; to B. for; of C. to; as D. to; of
14 I spent much time talking to him, but he wasn’t ____ happier.
A. much B. far C. any D. rather
15 The film company plans ____ the film before Chistmas.
A. realsing B. coming out
C. to be published D. to release
CDABD BACAB CADCD
篇5：Unit 2 Module 8 Words and expressions (译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Unit 2 Module 8 Words and expressions
班级 姓名 学号 时间 评价
Learning Aims: to learn the meanings and usages of the following words and expressions.
Learning important points: the usages of the words and expressions
Learning difficult points: the usages of the following words: star, cast, dare, desire, appeal to, exercise control over, etc.
Learning Procedures:
1. star (1) vt. 由……担任主演，由……担任主角。 （B级）
The performance was splendid. It _________ some of the world’s greatest opera singers.
演出很精彩；几位世界级顶级歌剧演唱家担当主演。
(2) vi. （在电影中）任主角、主演
Gong Li ________ ______ the film Curse of the Golden Flower directed by Zhang Yimou.
巩俐在张艺谋导演的《满城尽带黄金甲》中担任主角。
(3) star n. （娱乐或体育的）明星，名角。
There are many pictures of NBA __________ __________ on the walls of my son’s bedroom.
我儿子卧室的墙上有很多NBA篮球明星的照片。
与名词star常见的搭配：
pop music star __________________ big star ____________________
super star __________________ rising star ____________________
shining star __________________
拓展： 表示“扮演……的角色”的表达有：
___________________/___________________/____________________/_______________
2. cast (1) vt. 选派……扮演某角色，为（戏剧、角色）选派演员，（常与______连用）。
常用结构：cast sb. as/ sb. be cast as （B级）
Many great Chinese musicians, actors and singers _______ _______ ________.
许多杰出的中国音乐家、演员和歌手也参加了演出。
The director ________ ______ ________ a newly-married princess in the new film.
在新片中，导演让我 扮演一个新婚的公主。
(2) 投，掷，抛。
As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _______ _______ ________ into the sea.
渔民们一到捕鱼区就把鱼网撒进了大海。
3. dare （C级）
(1) vi. 后接不定式，可用于任何句式中。
He _______ _______ accuse me of dishonesty. 他胆敢控诉我不诚实。
I ________ _______ ________ move then. 那时我一动都不敢动。
_______ ________ ________ _______ compete against me? 你敢跟我竞争吗？
(2) aux. v. (情态动词) 过去式为 ___________。 后接动词原形，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
I ___________________think of it. 我几乎不敢想它。
_____________________ speak of it. 没有人敢说起这件事。
___________________ ask him? 你敢问他吗？
___________________________________(如果你再敢那样对我说话), you will be sorry.
(3)习语 I dare say 意思是“我猜”、“可能”、“大概”等。
我猜他会来。 ___________________________________________
我敢说今天会下雨。 ___________________________________________
4. direct vt. & vi. 导演；指导，指挥；命令，指令；负责，管理，监督
写出下列句子中direct的含义： （C级）
○1A policewoman stood in the middle of the street, directing the traffic. ________________
○2The mayor directed the crowd to move back for safety. _________________
○3Who do you know directed the American famous movie Gone with the Wind? ______________
○4Steven was asked to direct the project of designing a tunnel under the English Channel.
________________
拓展：○1 director n. _____________ ; direction n. __________________
○2direct adj. & adv. 径直，直接
Will you ________ ________ _______Hong Kong or stop in Shanghai first?
你是直飞香港，还是先在上海停一下？
比较：direct 和directly
这两个副词都有“直接地”之意。
direct: 指行路中不停步、不绕道、直奔目的地；直接地(不经过中间环节)。
directly: 指以一种直接的方式。表示时间的时候，指立刻，不拖延之意。
同义词或词组有：immediately, instantly, directly, shortly, soon, at once, right away
即时练习：用direct和directly 完成下列句子 （B级）
○1I will deal __________ with the manager of the supermarket.
○2Johnson will see you ___________ after the conference.
○3__________the manager came into the office, everyone became quiet.
○4He answered me very __________and openly
5. desire （B级）
(1) n. 愿望，心愿，要求
尽管他很贫穷，他对财富无欲望。Poor as he is, he ___________________________________.
(2) vt. 渴望，欲望
我们希望每一个中国人都幸福和健康。
We ____________________________ to all the people in China.
人们期望照管某个东西，因此他们养些自己宠爱的动物做伴侣。
People ____________________________something so they keep pets for companion.
我的女朋友希望今年她生日时我去见她。
My girlfriend _________ ________ _________ go to see her on her birthday this year.
=My girlfriend desired that _______ _______ go to see her on her birthday this year.
(3) 搭配：
have a strong desire to do sth. ________________________________
do sth. at sb’s desire _______________________________
desire sb. to do sth. ________________________________
desire to do sth. ________________________________
6. hire vt. & n. 雇佣，雇用；租用
我们委托一家广告公司替我们推销产品。
We _________________________________ to help us promote the sales of the products.
他儿子在市中心开一个汽车出租公司。
His son runs __________________________ in the center of the city.
搭配： hire and fire _________________ for hire ______________________
hire out _________________
辨析：hire/employ/rent
hire通常指短期雇用人或租用物(汽车、服装、音乐厅等)。雇用人时hire强调受雇者纯粹是为了工钱而被雇佣。
employ一般表示工业、企业、政府机构或其他方面长期雇用人，强调被雇用的人不仅看重工钱，而且还看重工作的稳定性。
rent指长期租用物品，如：租用房屋、土地等不动产。
即时练习： 用hire, employ, rent的适当形式填空 (C级)
○1This motor plant is ______________ three thousand workers.
○2We have ___________a villa in the south of France for the summer.
○3Because of poverty, I have to ________a suit for the wedding.
7. appeal (B级)
(1) n. 吸引力，感染力。为不可数名词，常与介词for连用。
这部电视连续剧对中国年轻的观众有巨大的吸引力。
This TV series ____________________________young viewers in China.
(2) n. 呼吁，恳求。为可数名词。
利比亚总统在联合国大会上呼吁发达国家给予援助。
The president of Liberia ________________________ the developed countries for aid in the UN conference.
每每有困难就伸手求援并不是个好办法。
译：___________________________________________________________________________
(3) vi. 吸引，引起兴趣（常与to连用）；呼吁，恳求
你有没有兴趣到大公司去工作？Does the idea of working for a big company _______________?
象《哈利波特》这样的书很吸引年轻学生。
译：___________________________________________________________________________
政府呼吁每个人节约用水。The government is ________________________________________.
appealing adj. 吸引人的，引起兴趣的
搭配： popular/wide appeal ________________ appeal to sb. _________________________
(make an ) appeal to sb. for sth. / to do sth. ____________________________________
8. exercise control over 对某人或某事实施控制 (B级)
The national Entrance examination is coming; I need to exercise more control over myself!
译：____________________________________________________________________________
Because of the bad injury in my arms, I couldn’t exercise control over the car on the muddy road.
译：___________________________________________________________________________
搭配：in control of ___________________ in the control of ______________________
under control ___________________ out of control _______________________
under the control of ________________ beyond sb’s control ______________________
get out of control _________________ lose control of sth. ______________________
have /gain/take control over/of sth. _______________________________
have /bring/keep sth. under control _______________________________
9. be condemned to death 被处死 （C级）
The Chinese government made a promise that if Lai Changxing is sent back to China from Canada,
_________________________________. (他将不会被处死)
搭配：put sb to death __________________ sentence sb. to death ______________________
starve to death __________________ bleed to death _______________________
fight to death ___________________ burn to death _______________________
当堂检测： 单词拼写
1.Gongli,who is a very famous actress, has s_________ in many films directed by Zhang Yimou.
2.The director c______ me a newly-married princess in the new film.
3.I d________(敢) say it will rain today.
4.Having been running for such a long time made him b__________.
5.In almost every fairy tale, there is a very h __________ prince who marries a princes.
6.Every mother has _____________( 感情 )for her children.
7.His grandfather finds music and painting very a____________ in his life.
8.You must take some o__________ activities so that you can pick up your health.
9.In 1945, the Japanese invaders surrendered ______________(无条件)
10.It is d_________ that you (should) be present at Mary’s wedding party on Sunday.
篇6：模块8 Unit 2 Revision（短语和句子）(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
1. be set in 以…….为背景
2. avoid marriage 逃避婚姻
3. shortly afterwards 不久以后
4. for the first time 第一次…（只做状语，不引导从句）
the first time 可以引导时间状语从句
5. fall in love with 爱上某人
6. express one’s love for sb. 表达对…的爱恋
7. take on 呈现出….演绎,招收，雇佣，接纳，增加（人手）；承担（任务、职责），接受（角色、职位）
8. be drunk with power 沉迷于权力
9. exercise control over 对…实施控制
lose control of/be(get) out of control 失去控制
be in control of sth 在、、、控制下，指挥，管理某事物
under the control of 被、、、控制着
bring/get sth.under control; be under control抑制；控制
exercise patience/tolerance/power over sb.对某人用耐心/忍耐力/权力
exercise one’s right 行使权力
exercise authority over sb管束某人
10. promise to do sth 答应做……
keep one’s promise 信守诺言
make a promise 许下诺言
break one’s promise 违背诺言
11. be desperate to do sth 极度渴望做某事
12. win one’s affection 赢得某人的喜爱
13. leave one’s future in one’s hands 把某人的命运交给某人控制
14. stage the opera 把戏剧搬上舞台
15. leave sb. breathless with excitement 因为兴奋而喘不过气来
16. be condemned to death 被处死
17. have certain key components 有某些关键的部分
18. depend on 依赖
19. make up 构成，组成，弥补，化妆
20. leave out 省去，漏掉
21. put up 张贴
22. apply for 申请…
23. try out for 参加……选拔
24. participate in 参加
25.develop one’s interest in… 培养在…方面的兴趣
26. make friends with 和… …交朋友
27. a number one hit 最流行的人或物
28. play a role in 在… … 起作用/扮演角色
29. be anchored in 扎根于
30. see … as 把… …看作
31. go into a bit of a decline衰败
32. to the music 随着音乐
33. start out doing/to do 开始做…
34. achieve fame 成名
35.make a fortune 发财
36. cut…short 使停止
37. be drafted into 征召入伍
38.appeal to sb. for sth.
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
(sth) appeal to sb 某物吸引某人
39. break up 解散，分手
break out （战争，火灾）爆发
break in 闯入，插入
break off 使终止，打断
break into 闯入，打断（带宾语）
break through 出现；突破
break down 分散，拆散；坏了；身体垮下来
40..masses of 许多，大量的
句型
1.I witnessed the first of only eight performances of Giacomo Puccini’s world-famous opera, being performed in the Forbidden City.
2. It starred some of the world’s greatest opera singers.
3. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City-there could not be a better setting.
4. The story then takes on a classic love triangle featuring Calaf , Turandot, and Liu , whose love for Calaf is unconditional.
5. Turandot is drunk with power and even dares to try and exercise control over her father.
6. The emperor finds the deaths of so many men disturbing, and although he would like to, he can not break his promise.
7. Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands.
8. The production combined the very best of Western and Chinese talents in music , staging and directing.
9. It has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story.
10. A group of musicians make up an orchestra.
11. It was a real privilege for me to be cast.
12. I saw a poster that the production company’s Personnel Department had put up saying they were looking for singers.
13. I applied for the job and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.
14. He first helped to compose a song in 1844, at an age when most children are still in kindergarten.
15. The album included the song “The Sound of Silence”, which was a number one hit on the pop charts.
16. My column today takes a brief look at how Western pop music evolved over the last one hundred years from jazz to rock.
17. Its origins are anchored in the folk songs of black Americans from the period of slavery.
18. Louis Armstrong is seen by many as being one of the founding fathers of jazz.
19. Traditional jazz went into a bit of a decline , and was replaced in popularity by a new king of music known as swing.
20. The start of a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, or R￡B, had arisen as a kind of mixture of jazz and swing.
21. R￡B changed modern music further and led to what we know as rock and roll.
22. A poor white boy named Elvis Presley turned out to the answer to Philip’s prayer.
23. Elvis’ musical life was cut short when he was drafted into the army in 1958.
24. This left the way clear for a new frontier of pop music stars to come forward in the 1960s.
25. They continue to have almost universal appeal today, even though they broke up in 1970.
26. Wherever the Beatles went, masses of fans would welcome them at the airport in a phenomenon that was then called “Beatlemania”, as if it were some kind of mental illness.
27. It was fashionable for fans to wear the same clothing as the Beatles did, and to get haircuts that matched their style as well.
篇7：牛津模块九 Unit 2 全部课时教案(译林牛津版高三英语选修九教案教学设计)
Module9 Unit 2 Witnessing time
Period 1 Welcome to the unit
Teaching aims and demands:
1. To let students discuss historic sites and get them interested in famous historic sites.
2. To practice students’ spoken English
Difficult and key points:
1. To practise students’ spoken English
2. Names of historic sites.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Brainstorming
1. Can you name some famous Chinese historic sites you are familiar with?
The Forbidden City (Imperial Palace); The Summer Palace, or Garden of Ease and Harmony ;The Ming Tombs; The ruins of Yuanmingyuan
2. Nowadays many historic sites have been damaged, leaving only part of the ruins. Do you think it is necessary to rebuild them?
Step 2 Sharing information
Group work. Look at the four pictures at page 1. Let’s study them one by one and try to discuss some questions in groups of four.
Picture 1
When was the Colosseum built? (In the 1st century BC)
What was it used for? (It was an amphitheatre or arena that was used for displays of combat and wild-beast shows.)
How big is it? (It was designed to hold 50,000 spectators.)
Picture 2
What is Suzhou famous for? (It is famous for its splendid scenery, especially its classical gardens.)
Have you visited the classical gardens there? If so, what did you see?
Of all the gardens, which impressed you most? (The Lingering Garden impressed me most. Before I visited the garden, I couldn’t help wondering why it was given that name. Only then did I understand the real meaning. Everyone was so fascinated by the beautiful scenery there that they lingered in the garden and were reluctant to leave.)
Picture3
Where was the temple complex built? (In Cambodia)
When was it built? (In the early years of the 12th century.)
Why was it built? (It was built to honor the Hindu god Vishnu.)
Picture 4
When and where was the Cathedral built? (In Moscow between 1555 and 1560.)
Do you know anything special about the Cathedral?
(The Cathedral consists of nine individual churches, each of which is crowned by a unique tower. The central tower is surrounded by eight-point light for mankind.)
What do you feel when seeing the church? Are the towers in harmony with each other?
Step3: Discussion:
1. Do you know anything about the historic sites in the pictures?
2. Do you think it is a good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed? Why or why not?
3. Which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1,000 years?
Sample answers:
1. Of all the four historic sites, I know the classical gardens of Suzhou best. I have been to Suzhou twice and paid a visit to the classical gardens. They are so well designed and built that they look really natural. Of all the gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden and the Mountain Villa are the most famous. Whenever you are there, you’ll be fascinated by Suzhou’s splendid scenery. It is no wonder that Suzhou is called the earthly paradise.
2. In my point of view, it is a really good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed. Historic sites reflect the history and culture of a particular period, which helps people remember what has happened before so that they will not forget the past. Besides, rebuilding historic sites may promote local tourism. In turn, this may improve the local environment and preserve its natural beauty. In conclusion, I strongly recommend historic sites be rebuilt.
3. I think that the National Stadium in Beijing for the Olympics will be famous in 1,000 years. There’s no doubt that the venue will be a landmark in the city of Beijing. Not only can it accommodate a maximum of 100,000 spectators, but also its nest-like appearance from the outside reminds people of getting back to nature. That’s why people gave it the nickname, “the Bird Nest”. Your first sight of the design will surprise you. It’s so unique that you cannot take your eyes off it.
Step4: Homework:
Prepare the Reading part.
Words and expressions
While the pace of change in the modern world gets faster and faster, people are becoming more and more aware of the need to preserve the world’s cultural heritage.
1) while
conj. ① during the time that, or at the same time as: 当…..时候，在此期间
I read it while you were drying your hair.
While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro.
I thought I heard him come in while we were having dinner.
“I'm going to the post office.” “While you're there can you get me some stamps?”
② while (although) despite the fact that; although: 虽然
While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man.
While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's.
③ while compared with the fact that; but: 而，但是
He gets fifty thousand pounds a year while I get a meagre twenty!
Tom is very extrovert and confident while Katy's shy and quiet.
I do every single bit of housework while he just does the dishes now and again.
noun. while (lenghth of time) 一会儿 （一点）时间
a while a length of time:
You were there quite a while (= a long time), weren't you?
“When did that happen?” “Oh, it was a while ago (= a long time ago).
I haven't seen him for a while (= for a long time). I'll be fine in a while (= soon).
2) aware adj. [after verb]
① 明白，意识到，觉察到
[+ that] I wasn't even aware that he was ill.
Were you aware of the risks at the time?
She was well (= very) aware that he was married.
I suddenly became aware of (= started to notice) him looking at me.
② 感兴趣的，见闻广博的 to be ecologically/politically aware
n. awareness [U]
Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.
Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade
Period 2 Reading The Acropolis now
Teaching aims and demands:
1. To get students to know the general history of Acropolis, the damage done to the Acropolis
and the ways undertaken to preserve this historic site.
2. To teach students how to recognize reference markers ,
3. To improve students’ reading comprehension.
Difficult and key points:
1. To get students to know the general history of Acropolis, the damage done to the Acropolis and the ways undertaken to preserve this historic site.
2. The Reading strategy
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
Let’s enjoy some pictures, which country or city can you think of when seeing the pictures?
(Athens, the capital city of Greece)
Have you ever been there? Then do you know what the greatest symbol of Athens is?
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.
Answers A 1. In the 5th century BC 2. It was made of marble. 3. UNESCO
Step 3: Detailed reading for important information
1. Let’s read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 20.
2. Listen to the tape and try to complete Part D and Part E.
3. Read the text again and choose the best answers according to the text:
1. Which of the followings was not a Greek invention?
A. The Western alphabet. B. Roman alphabet.
C. Architecture. D. Marathon
2. Why was the Acropolis built on the hill called the Sacred Rock in the centre of the city?
A. To associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens.
B. It was constructed at a high altitude above the city in honour of Athens.
C. Because there are three main temples to Athens.
D. Because it was convenient for everyone to get to and could be seen from every past of the city.
3. In which year did the Acropolis receive a World Heritage listing from UNESO?
A. 1835 B. 1975 C. 1987 D.
Keys: CDC
Step 4: Post-reading activities
1. Pair work: Please introduce the causes of the damage done to the Acropolis and the ways to protect it to other group members, with the help of the chart in Part C2
Discuss the following question:
Why do you think it is necessary and important to preserve World Heritage sites?......
2. Let’s come to Part F. Work in pairs and share your opinions with each other.
3. Please do Parts A1 and A2 on page 110 in Workbook to practise using some words and phrases.
Step 5: Language points:
1. No one has had a greater impact on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks.(page 18,lines 1-3) 古希腊人对西方文明的影响无人可及。
impact noun [C usually singular; U] 影响，冲击
1）The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length.
The bullet explodes on impact (= when it hits another object).
2）a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person:
The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people.
impact verb 对...发生影响 to have an influence on something
Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country's economy quite considerably.
2．They were responsible for many advances in philosophy, science, mathematics, art, architecture, theatre, politics and sport. 古希腊人在哲学、科学、数学、艺术、建筑、戏剧、政治学和体育方面取得了很多进展。(page 18, lines 3-6)
responsible
1) responsible (blame) adj 有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for sth/doing sth
Who is responsible for this terrible mess?
Last month's bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.
2) responsible (duty) adj
be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb/sth 对自己的行动向上级或主管负责
In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.
3) responsible (good judgement) adj 可信赖的，（人）负责任的
having good judgment and the ability to act correctly and make decisions on your own:
a hardworking and responsible employee
Let's stay calm and try to behave like responsible adults.
Many big companies are now becoming more responsible about the way they operate.
反义词irresponsible.
responsibility n [C or U] 职责，义务
[+ to do] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.
She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack.
The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
have responsibility Who has responsibility here?
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.
He has no sense of responsibility.
responsibly adv 负责任地
3.The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, which is a long distance race named for a Greek messenger who ran from Marathon to Athens to report a victory at the battle of Marathon in 490BC.西方字母表或罗马字母表是希腊人的发明。 马拉松比赛也是，这种长跑是为纪念一位希腊信使而命名的. (page18, lines 6-11)
1) as
⑴ as (COMPARISON) She'll soon be as tall as her mother.
I can't run as fast as you.
skin as soft as a baby's
It's not as good as it used to be.
⑵ as (FOR THIS PURPOSE) prep 担任…，作为；如同…
She works as a waitress. I meant it as a joke.
It could be used as evidence against him.
⑶ conj ① (BECAUSE) 因为…,由于
As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.
You can go first as you're the oldest
② (WHILE) 当….时候；一面…一面
I saw him as I was coming into the building.
He gets more attractive as he gets older
③ (ALTHOUGH) 虽然，尽管
Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling
⑷ As+ be or do+subject（通常后接be或do +主语) 也一样
she’s unusually tall, as are both her parents.
He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
as 常用词组
act as sth (JOB) phrasal verb 担任，充当 He was asked to act as an advisor on the project.
look on/upon sb as sth phrasal verb 把某人看作 We looked on her as a daughter.
I've lived there so long I look on the town as my home.
as to/for至于，就…而言 As to where we'll get the money from, we'll talk about that later.
as it is /was 事实上
We were lucky not to be injured in the train accident. As it was, the first and the last car were smashed.
as it comes （UK） 随便 ”How do you like your coffee?“ ”Oh, as it comes.“
as far as sb /sth is/are concerned As far as I'm concerned, feng shui is a load of rubbish
as/so far as I know就我所知 He isn't coming today, as far as I know.
as follows如下（ 用来列举） The winners are as follows - Woods, Smith and Cassidy.
as good as几乎 The decorating is as good as finished - I just need to finish off the painting.
(it's) just as well (that) 幸好, 无妨
2) name…for..
name noun
① [C] 名，名字，姓名
Please write your full (= complete) name and address on the form.
The students were listed by name and by country of origin.
② [C usually singular] 声誉，名声
She went to court to clear her name (= prove that the bad things said about her were not true).
They're trying to restore the good name of the manufacturer.
③ [C]有名的人，名人
It seemed like all the big names in football were there.
name vt
①给(人)取名， 给…命名 [+双宾语]
We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'. A man named Dennis answered the door.
name … after/for 以…名字给…取名 He named his daughter after /for his grandmother.
② 说出…的名字, 举出…的名称 In the first question you had to name three types of monkey.
③ 确定，指定 Just name the time and I'll be there on the dot.
Name your conditions/terms/price.
④ 名(某人)(为…),任命
Ms Martinez has been named (as) (= she will be) the new Democratic candidate
by/of the name of sth 名叫…的, 以…之名
I've got to talk to a professor by the name of Bin Said.
in the name of sb (ALSO in sb's name)凭… 之名， 对…发誓; 以…名义，凭…权威; 做为….代理，代表
I've come to collect my tickets - I reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of Tremin.
The house is in my wife's name.
under the name of 以(不是本名的)…名字
Her detective stories were written under the name of Kramer
call sb names 谩骂某人
4. In particular, we associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens, the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis. 我们尤其将古希腊文明与其首都雅典城相联系，而雅典最伟大的标志就是雅典卫城。（page 18, lines 18-20）
1) particular
particular (SPECIAL) adjective [before noun] 特定的, 特别的,特殊的
She wanted a particular type of cactus.
”Why did you ask?“ ”Oh, no particular reason, just making conversation."
particular adj (NOT EASILY SATISFIED) (喜好)很讲究的, 很挑剔的, 难以取悦的
He's very particular about the kitchen - everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.
She's very particular about what she eats
particulars pl 详情，详细的事实
There's a form for you to note down all your particulars.
particularly adv 特别地, 格外地
We're particularly interested to hear from people who speak two or more European languages.
in particular 特别，尤其 Are you looking for anything in particular?
2) associate …with…
associate sth with sth phrasal verb 把(某事物与他事物)联想在一起
The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented.
associate with sb phrasal verb 与…为友; 结交；交往
I don't want my children associating with drug-addicts and alcoholics.
5．The Acropolis was constructed in the 5th century BC at a high altitude above the city in honour of Athena, the goddess of Athens. 雅典卫城海拔高于雅典城，是为了纪念雅典女神雅典娜于公元前五世纪兴建的。(page 18, lines 20-24)
honour (RESPECT) UK, US honor noun [U]
1) 信义,信用, 道义心
a man of honour We fought for the honour of our country.
2) in honour of sb/sth 为向…表敬意,为纪念…, 为祝贺 a banquet in honour of the president
honour UK, US honor vt 给予(某人)荣誉/光荣
He was honoured for his bravery.
FORMAL We are honoured (= proud and happy) to have you here tonight.
honourable UK, US honorable adjective 高尚的,可敬的,值得尊敬的
honourably UK, US honorably adverb 了不起地, 卓越地, 高洁地
They acted honourably and returned the wallet.
be on your honour OLD-FASHIONED 为了名誉必须做…
do sb the honour of doing sth FORMAL 给予某人…的荣幸，做…而给予某人面子
Would you do me the honour of accompanying me to the New Year Ball?
6. It was convenient for everyone to get to, and because it was on the hill, the Acropolis could be seen from every part of the city. 它位于市中心的山上， 这样便于所有人参观，而且它在山顶，因此从城市的每一个角落都可以看到它。（page 18, lines 26-30）
convenient adj
① suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty:方便的, 便利的
Our local shop has very convenient opening hours.
A bike's a very convenient way of getting around.
[+ that] It's very convenient that you live near the office.
[+ to do] I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone.
What time would it be convenient for me to come round?
反义词inconvenient.
② near or easy to get to or use:近而方便的
a very convenient bus service Our new flat is very convenient for (= near to) the kids' school.
conveniently adv 方便地,便利地
The house is conveniently situated near the station and the shops.
convenience noun [U] 方便，便利
I like the convenience of living so near work.
Just for convenience, I'm going to live at my mother's place until my new house is ready.
7. However, throughout history, few ancient monuments have completely avoided damage. 但历史上几乎没有哪座古代纪念建筑能完好无损。(page 18, lines 45-46)
1) throughout
throughout preposition, adverb遍及于,到处; 整个…期间,从头到尾
People throughout the country are out of work. He yawned throughout the performance.
The school has been repainted throughout.
all over everywhere 到处，各处; 正像所说的人一样
we looked all over for the ring. I’m aching all over after the match.
That sounds like my sister all over.
all through from the beginning to the end of 自始至终,,从头到尾
2) avoid
avoid vt 逃避…,避免…，回避…
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy.
[+doing] I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays.
The report studiously avoided any mention of the controversial plan.
I left the pub to avoid a fight (= prevent a fight from happening).
8. In 1458, the Turks defeated the Greeks and seized control of Athens. 1458年土耳其人打败
了希腊人并夺取了雅典. (page 18, lines 52-53)
seize control of 夺取
control noun 控制,支配
[C or U] She's got no control over that child - it's terrible.
The dictator took/seized control of the country in 1933.
He felt he was losing control of events.
You need to stay in control of your emotions.
The car skidded and went out of control, crashing into an oncoming truck.
There was nothing we could do about it - the situation was out of/beyond/outside our control.
9. The last major destruction of this kind occurred with the theft of many of the best sculptures in 1801, when an……最近一次人为的重大破坏发生于18，许多最精美的雕像遭窃 (page 18, lines 60-62)
occur
occur (HAPPEN) vi -rr- (意想不到的事情)发生
An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.
If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
occur (EXIST) vi + adverb or preposition] -rr- 存在，出现
Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society.
Minerals occur naturally in the earth's crust.
occur to sb phrasal verb (想法、念头等)想起，浮现
The thought did occur to me.
[+ that] It never even occurred to us that he hadn't been invited.
Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally?
10．In 1816, these sculptures were transferred to the British museum. They are still on display there under the title of ‘Elian Marble’, and this has caused some friction between Greece and Britain as the Greek government has never given up asking for the return of these marble statues. 18，这些雕塑又被转移到大英博物馆。如今它们仍然在那里展出，冠名为“埃尔金大理石雕塑”。这导致了希腊和英国之间的摩擦，因为希腊政府一直要求英国归还这些大理石雕像。(page 19, lines 65-73)
1) be transferred to
transfer (MOVE) verb -rr-
① vt 运送，转送，迁移；（使）（某人）换乘，改乘
He has been transferred to a psychiatric hospital.
We were transferred from one bus into another.
Police are investigating how 20 million was illegally transferred from/out of the Trust's bank account.
The aim is to transfer power/control/responsibility to self-governing regional councils.
I'll be upstairs, so could you transfer my phone calls (= arrange that I can receive them) up there please?
② [I or T; usually + adv or prep]（使）（某人）转校／转学
After a year he transferred to University College, Dublin.
Some very high-profile British players have transferred to clubs abroad.
He threatened to give up football if his club didn't transfer him (= sell him to another team).
③ [T]让渡（权利、财产等） She transferred the house to her daughter before she died.
2) on display
display (SHOW) verb [T] 展示，表露或陈列某事物
The British traditionally tend not to display much emotion in public.
display noun [C or U] 展示，陈列，显示，显露
There's never much (of a) display of affection between them.
on display being displayed 被展示，被陈列
A collection of photographs was display in the hall.
put sth on display 展出某物
3) give up
give up (sth) phrasal verb 放弃 [+ ing form of verb] I've given up trying to help her.
4) ask for请求，要求
ask for sth (PRAISE) She's great to work for - I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
ask for sb (SPEAK TO) phrasal verb A young man was here asking for you this morning.
11. In 1832, Greece was recognized as an independent country ……1832年希腊获得独立。(page 19, lines 73-74)
be recognized as 被承认是。。。
recognize (KNOW), UK USUALLY verb [T] ① 认出（旧识），，认识，识出，辩出
I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her immediately.
Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of different diseases.
recognize (ACCEPT), UK USUALLY
② [T]正式承认，认可
[+ (that)] He sadly recognized (that) he would die childless.
You must recognize the seriousness of the problems we are facing.
③[T often passive] 承认（功绩等），赏识；感谢
The Prime Minister recognized her services to her country by awarding her an MBE.
recognized adj为世间所公认的，为人们所承认的
Professor Jones is a recognized authority on ancient Egypt.
Violence in schools is a recognized problem.
recognition noun [U]
1)（正式的）承认，认可，认知
It's a new country, hoping for diplomatic recognition from the international community.
[+ that] There's a growing recognition that this country can no longer afford to be a nuclear power.
2) 承认（功绩等） ，感谢，表扬
Ella complained that the company never gave her any recognition for her work.
He was presented with a gold watch in recognition of (= to show appreciation of) his years as club secretary.
12. Unfortunately, some of the construction that was carried out over the following 100 years was not very successful. 遗憾的是，此后一百多年进行的一些修复工作并不是很成功。
carry out
carry sth out phrasal verb [M] 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行
Nigel is carrying out research on early Christian art.
Don't blame me, I'm only carrying out my orders/instructions.
13. In a gesture to help preserve history, the Greek government established a committee in 1975 to undertake the complete, professional restoration of the Acropolis. 为保存历史，希腊政府于1975年成立了一个委员会来负责卫城全面、专业的修复。（page 19, lines 92-96）
undertake (DO)
① vt undertook, undertaken SLIGHTLY FORMAL 承担（工作，责任），承办；着手，进行，企图
undertake (PROMISE)
② vt undertook, undertaken FORMAL 保证，担保
[+ to do] She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved.
[+ that] The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped. Students are required to undertake simple experiments.
undertaking noun [C]
The construction of the tunnel is a large and complex undertaking.
undertaking noun [C] FORMAL
[+ that] FORMAL The manager gave a written undertaking that no one would lose their job.
14. After that, much progress was made in reconstruction the monument, particularly with the large amount of work in preparation for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. 此后，遗址修复工作取得了很大的进展，尤其是为准备雅典奥运会做大量工作。(page 19, lines 98-102)
1) make progress in
progress noun [U] 前进，进行；进步上进，发展
a. Technological progress has been so rapid over the last few years.
I'm not making much progress with my Spanish.
The doctor said that she was making good progress (= getting better after a medical operation or illness).
b. FORMAL in progress进行中
Repair work is in progress on the south-bound lane of the motorway and will continue until June.
progress vi
① 提高，进步
My Spanish never really progressed beyond the stage of being able to order drinks at the bar.
② 前进，进行
As the war progressed more and more countries became involved.
We started off talking about the weather and gradually the conversation progressed to politics.
2) in preparation of
preparation noun [U] 准备，预备
The teacher didn't seem to have done much preparation for the class.
Yasmin assisted in the preparation of this article.
preparations plural noun (具体的)准备
[+ to do] We are making preparations to fly Mr. Goodall to the nearest hospital.
Preparations for the opening ceremony are well under way.
prepare verb [I or T] 准备…, 预备… , (为…) 做准备
1) Have you prepared for your interview?
This course aims to prepare students for middle and senior managerial positions.
[+ object + to do] Are the players mentally and physically prepared to play a tough game?
The meal took two hours to prepare.
2) 使(某人)做心理准备，(某人)做好准备
[+ to do] It almost seems as if she is preparing to die.
[R] You need to prepare yourself for a long wait.
prepared adjective 有准备的,准备好的; 乐意
1) When she called on me, I wasn't prepared. They were prepared for the worst.
2) The spokesperson read a prepared statement.
3) be prepared to do sth Would you be prepared to help me get things ready for the party?
People are not really prepared to talk about these kinds of personal problems.
15. A steady cleaning programme must follow in order to protect the marble from air pollution, as well as from natural things such as plant roots and bird droppings. 接下来必须稳步进行清洁工作，保护大理石不受空气污染及自然物（如植物根系和鸟类排泄物）的
坏。（page 19, lines 107-112）
1) in order to
order (PURPOSE) noun
in order to/in order for/in order that 为了
He came home early in order to see the children before they went to bed.
I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her.
2) protect… from… [I or T] 防御，保护 clothing that protects you against the cold Vitamin C may help protect against cancer.
It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
Step6: Homewok Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
Period 3 Word power
Teaching aims and demands:
1. To teach some English words derived from Greek
2. To get students familiar with the Greek words in English
Difficult and key points:
English words borrowed from Greek
Teaching Procedures:
Step1: Brainstorming
In this section, you will learn some English words that were derived from Greek. You will read a passage focusing on Greek words that are used in English and a chart showing the different fields of study based on Greek ideas and words.
1. Throughout history, the English language borrowed many words from other languages. What words are borrowed words and which language did they come from? Please find out as many words as possible and write your answers on the paper
2. Apart from the above languages, the English language also borrowed many words from Greek. Work in pairs and do some research on the Greek in English and present some Greek words in class.
Step 2: Vocabulary learning
1. Now read the passage in Part A and find out the answers to the following questions:
What words does Greek contribute to the English language?( Words related to science, sport and many everyday words.)
Why are there so many scientific words that come from Greek?( Because the Greeks made a huge contribution to the field of science.)
2. Now read the instructions for Part B on page 22, work in pairs to put the words mentioned in Part A in the correct fields in Part B
3. Complete Part C on page 23 individually referring to Parts A and B for reference.
4. Complete Part D on page 23 individually and consult with each other or check the dictionary
Step 3: Discussion
Organize students into groups and discuss:
Why does a language need to borrow words from other languages?
Ask some students to report their answers
Step4: Summary and homework
1.Find out more borrowed words on the Internet
2.Do exercises in workbook
Language points:
1. borrow… from… (P22)
borrow (RECEIVE) verb (从…)借入,借用
1) [T] Could I borrow your bike from (NOT STANDARD off) you until next week?
2) [T] (由…)采用(说词,思想),采取
English has borrowed many words from French.
2. find ourselves using Greek…(P22)
find (DISCOVER) verb [T] found, found
1)发现…, 遇见
I've just found a ten-pound note in my pocket.
[+ 双宾语] Has he found himself a place to live yet?
[+ 宾 + adj] She was found unconscious and bleeding.
[+ that] The study found that men who were married lived longer than those who were not.
2)发现…(为…)
[+ object + noun or adjective] Do you find Clive difficult to talk to?
I don't find him an easy person to get on with.
She doesn't find it easy to talk about her problems.
[+doing] I find living in the city quite stressful.
3) [+ (that)] We came home to find (that) the cat had had kittens.
I found (that) I could easily swim a mile
3. owe… to( page 22)
owe (HAVE DEBTS) verb [T]
欠(钱),借钱, 负债
[+ two objects] I owe Janet ten pounds.
We still owe $1000 on our car (= We still need to pay $1000 before we own our car).
I owe you a drink for helping me move.
I think you owe (= should give) me an explanation/apology.
owe (AS A RESULT) vt (因…事, 有某人)受到恩惠
I owe my success to my education.
He owes his life to the staff at the hospital.
I owe everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.
owing to prep 因为,由于…. because of:
The concert has been cancelled owing to lack of support.
4. a great deal( page 22) much a good/great deal of 大量，许多的
The new law met with a good deal of opposition at local level.
5. apart from ( page 22)
apart (SEPARATE) adverb
1) 与…分开地, 相隔
Stand with your feet wide apart.
We were asked to stand in two lines three meters apart.
The garage, large enough for two cars, is set apart from (= not joined to) the house.
I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his brother - they're two or three years apart.
2)拆散地 My jacket is so old it's falling apart.
I took the motor apart (= separated it into pieces) to see how it worked.
apart from Apart from the salary/Salary apart, it's not a bad job.
Apart from you and me/You and me apart, I don't think there was anyone there under thirty.
Period 4 Grammar and usage
Teaching aims:
To teach participle clauses.
Difficult and key points:
Participle clauses
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1: General introduction
The grammar item in this unit focuses on participle clauses.
Compare and identify their functions as adjectives or adverbs in the following sentences:
(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother. (as an adjective)
(2).The boy followed by a dog is my brother. (as an adjective)
(3).Hearing the news, they got excited. (as an adverb)
(4).Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (as an adverb)
Step 2: Exercises:
1. Read the guidelines and Part 1 on page 24. I will give you more examples for you to identify their functions in the following sentences.
(1).The building completed last month is a bank
(2).The bird flu sweeping through Asia has jumped from birds to humans recently.
(3).The teacher came into the laboratory, followed by some students.
(4).The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
(5). I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
(6). The peasants had the tractor working day and night at harvest time.
(7). Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
Keys:
(1). an attributive (2). an attributive (3). an adverbial (4). an adverbial
(5). a complement (6). a complement (7). a complement
2. Read Part 2 and the example sentences. More examples for the students:
Weather permitting, we may go for a picnic this Sunday.
Considering his age, he is not suited to a long journey.
Judging from his appearance, he doesn’t look like his father.
3. Do the exercise on page 25 in pairs, using a participle clause to rewrite the sentences.
5. Do Parts C1 and C2 on page 112 in workbook.
For reference:
现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
【例如】
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
【例如】
Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands).
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .
Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)
____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 ,6)
A)Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6)
A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。
【例如】
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work..
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.
If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3)分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
【例如】
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack..
As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. (CET-4 ,1)
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为A。
4)分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
【例如】
On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
I caught him dozing off in class.
过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。
【例如】
After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.
You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
【例如】
I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.
--Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
--Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5)分词作表语
分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
【例如】
The film “Pearl Harbor” is really exciting.
I am excited about it.
His response to the question was quite disappointing.
I felt disappointed at his response.
Language points:
in most cases (page 24)
case ① (SITUATION) n [C] 场合, 事例, 情况，事件
Over a hundred people were injured, in several cases seriously.
Jobs are hard to find but in his case that's not the problem because he has so much experience.
I wouldn't normally agree but I'll make an exception in this case.
The number of new cases of the illness appears to be declining.
② (PROBLEM) n [C]
1) 案件，判例
Several social workers have looked into the child's case.
The detective on the case (= responsible for solving it) has been suspended from duty.
2) LEGAL a murder case
The case will go before the European Court next month.
She accused her employer of unlawful dismissal and won/lost her case.
in that case 如果那样的话 in any case 总之，无论如何
(just) in case I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case.
Bring a map in case you get lost.
in no case 无论如何都不
Period 5 Task Writing a letter about the Tower of London
Teaching aims and demands:
1. To teach and practise the skills of listening ,speaking ,reading and writing .
2. To teach how to listen for discourse markers, how to stress syllables and words
3. To teach how to write informally about a formal topic
Difficult and key points:
1. To teach how to listen for discourse markers, how to stress syllables and words
2. To teach how to write informally about a formal topic
Teaching Procedures:
Skills building 1: listening for discourse markers
Step 1: listening to a radio programme:
Skills building 2: stressing syllables and words
Step 2: asking about the crown jewels
Skills building 3: writing informally about a formal topic
Step 3: writing a letter back home
Homework: Finish WB Ex.
Language points:
1. in general (P26)
general (COMMON) adj
1) 公众的，社会一般的
The talk is intended to be of general interest (= of interest to most people).
UK FORMAL Rain will become more general in the south-east during the afternoon.
2) 大概的， 笼统的
What he said was very general.
The school aims to give children a general background in a variety of subjects.
3)一般的,非专门的 general knowledge
4) 总…, …长(官) the general manager the General Secretary of the UN
in general 一般地, 概括地, 通常地 (ALSO as a general rule)
In general, men are taller than women.
As a general rule, we don't allow children in the bar.
2. as a result (P26)
result noun
1) [C or S]结果;成果;成绩;(计算的)答案;比赛结果
The road has been widened, but the result is just more traffic.
To ensure good/the best results, use Italian tomatoes and fresh basil.
I finished my exams yesterday, but I won't know/get the results until August.
We used different methods of calculation, but we both got the same result.
the football results
result vi 造成(的…)结果, 结果(为…)
Teachers were not fully prepared for the major changes in the exam system, and chaos resulted.
as a result of sth because of something result from sth 由……导致
result in sth 导致…… Icy road conditions in Teasdale resulted in two roads being closed.
3. (P26) in other words 换句话说 in a word 总之 In a word, she's lying.
4. on the other hand (P26)
on the one hand ... on the other hand 一方面, 另一方面
On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.
on hand (UK ALSO to hand) 持有的, 现有的 手头上的, ; 在近处的, 即将发生的
A 1200-strong military force will be on hand to monitor the ceasefire.
in hand 在手上的/地; 进行中的,考虑中的;
They've had plenty of time to prepare, so the arrangements should be well in hand (= almost ready).
at hand 在手边 Help is at hand (= easily available).
hand in hand 手牵手, 携手,共同地
I saw them walking hand in hand through town the other day.
go hand in hand with sth 并存 Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.
5. give birth to(page 27)
give birth 生… ; 造成… 原因
She gave birth to twins. Our cat gave birth last night.
喻： This extraordinary experience gave birth to (= gave him the idea for) his latest novel.
6. accuse (page 27)
accuse vt (因…) 控告(人),指责(人等),谴责
He's been accused of robbery/murder. Are you accusing me of lying?
the accused n [C + singular or plural verb] (legal) 被告发的,被控告的
The accused protested her innocence. The accused were all found guilty.
accuser n [C] 原告 accusing adj 责难的,谴责的 an accusing glance/look
accusingly adv责难地 ,谴责地
7. marry (page 27)
marry verb
1) [I or T] (与…)结婚,娶,嫁
Men tend to marry later than women. Paul married Lucy four years ago.
2) [T] (牧师)主持…的婚礼,使结婚 The couple were married by the Archbishop of Canterbury .
married adj 结婚的,以婚的 a married couple be married to sb 已与…结婚的
We've been happily married for five years. So how long have you been married to Nicky?
He was married with two children. 他已婚并有两个孩子。
喻：Rachel seems to be married to (= very involved with) her new job at the moment, so we hardly
ever see her.
get married When did you get married? Jamie's getting married to Laura.
8. sentence sb to death (page 27)
sentence (PUNISHMENT) n [C] (罪行的)宣判，判刑
1) He got a heavy/light sentence (= He was severely/not severely punished).
The offence carries a jail/prison/life/5-year sentence.
2) pronounce sentence (of a judge) to say officially what a punishment will be:
The judge will pronounce sentence on the defendant this afternoon.
sentence vt LEGAL 给(某人)判刑,宣判(某人)(罪行)
He was sentenced to life imprisonment.
10. manage to do (page 27)
1) [I or T] 设法做好，想办法达到
[+ to do] Did you manage to get any bread?
I can't manage all this work on my own.
Don't worry about us - we'll manage!
(Mainly UK) I'm afraid I can't manage the time (= I'm too busy) to see you at the moment.
2) [I]设法维持下去，设法过日子
After she lost her job, they had to manage on his salary.
manage (CONTROL) vt 经营… 管理, 联营
Has she had any experience of managing large projects?
He's not very good at managing people.
management n [U]支配; 处理，操作
The company has suffered from several years of bad management.
management group noun [C] 管理部门，主管人员
Management has/have offered staff a 3% pay increase.
11.make room for (page 27)
room (space) n [U]
1) (人, 物所占的) 空间，场所，位置
That sofa would take up too much room in the flat.
James took the books off the little table to make room for the television.
Is there (enough/any) room for me in the car?
[+ to do] There's hardly room to move in here.
2) (接受、采纳事物的) 余地，余裕,必要，机会
I feel the company has little room for manoeuvre.
Period 6 Project Writing a proposal for saving a building
Teaching aims and demands:
To help students learn and use English through doing a project together .
Difficult and key points:
To help students learn and use English through doing a project together
Teaching steps :
Enjoy a section of video: Yuanmingyuan.
Part A: Reading
1. Scan the text and answer the some questions:
2. Read the passage again and take notes of the historic sites.
3. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page 111 in Workbook to practise the usages of some words and phrases learnt in this section.
5. Do Parts D 1 and D2 on page 113 in Workbook as your homework.
Part B:
1. Group work: Discuss the eight questions in Part B.
2. Each group member will be responsible for one part to preserve the building. Express your opinions freely.
3. Write a proposal for saving and protection the building. Then report your proposal to the class.
Homework:
Read the article in Part A on page 117 in Workbook, and then write an account of the Lugou Bridge.
Language Points:
1. The Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs are among the most impressive cultural remains to be found anywhere. 明清皇家陵寝是世界上最令人赞叹的文化遗产之一。(page 30, lines 1-2)
remain v
1) [I] 停留，留下，逗留 The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
2）尚待… 留待… [+ to be done ]
A great many things remain to be done (= have not yet been done).
It remains to be seen whether you are right.
3）剩下，剩余，遗留 After the fire,little remained of my house. 火灾过后，房屋所剩无几。
4）仍然，依然 [Link-v] He remained silent. It remains a secret.
The bank will remain open while renovations are carried out.
the remainder n ①（集体名词） 剩余,残存之物/人，其他的人们
I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog.
It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was lovely.
② n [U] 余数
remaining adj [before noun] 剩下的 the remaining water/ the water left 剩下的水
remains plural noun 剩余,残留物;余额
1) The remains of lunch were still on the table.
2) FORMAL human/sb's remains 遗体，遗骸；遗迹，废墟
Fifty years after he died, his remains were returned to his homeland.
Human remains were found in the woods.
We visited the remains of a 12th-century monastery.
2. Any visitor to China should try to include the Ming and Qing Tombs as part of his or her tour. 任何来中国的游客都应该去看看明清皇家陵寝。(page 30, lines 4-5)
try (ATTEMPT) verb [I or T] 努力做…,努力于…；vt 尝试,试用
Keep trying and you'll find a job eventually.
I'm trying my best/hardest, but I just can't do it.
[+ to do] I tried to open the window. 设法做
[+doing] Perhaps you should try getting up earlier in the mornings. 试着做
I thought I might try parachuting.
I've forgotten my door-keys - we'd better try the window (= test it to see if it is open
try (LAW) vt 审理(案件),审判(某人)
They are being tried for murder.
try sth on phrasal verb [M] 试穿(衣服，鞋帽等)
try sth out phrasal verb [M] 试用, 彻底试验
Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.
try out for sth phrasal verb US 试图获得(地位，奖赏等),为(职业等)参加考试,报名，申请
3. The Sacred Way, which is sometimes called the Avenue of Animals, leads to the thirteen tombs and is in good condition. 通向陵寝的神道有时被称为石像神道，保存良好。(page 30, lines 13-14)
1) lead to
lead (DIRECTION) verb [I or T; usually + advor prep] led, led (道路等)引导(人)到…, 通往
There's a track that leads directly to the reservoir.
This information led the police to a house near the harbor.
lead sb to do sth
lead to sth 导致 Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.
2) in good condition
condition (STATE) noun
[S or U]状态，情形,健康状态
Mum's still got our pram - it's very old, but it's in perfect condition.
The hospital say her condition (= state of health) is improving slowly.
He's in no condition (= He is too ill or too drunk) to drive home.
conditions pl (周围的)状况,情况，形势
weather conditions working conditions Under what conditions do plants grow best?
out of condition 健康不佳, 情况欠佳
on (the) condition that 在…条件下
I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
4. Most of the trees that were originally planted there were cut down at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, but some continue to grow today. 大部分原先栽种此处的树木在清初别砍掉了，但有一些至今仍留存于世。(page 30, lines 17-18)
cut常用词组： cut sth down phrasal verb 砍倒, 砍伐
cut back/down phrasal verb 缩减(生产), 削减(支出)
The government has announced plans to to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year.
I'm trying to cut down on caffeine.
cut in (TALK) phrasal verb 插嘴
I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation).
cut in (DRIVE) phrasal verb 插入，插队 cut into sth phrasal verb 占去…时间
cut off (REMOVE) phrasal verb [M] 切断，砍掉
cut sth off (STOP) phrasal verb [M] 切断(电力，煤气，自来水),停止…供应
The aim was to cut off the enemy's escape route/supplies.
5．Changling is considered by many as the best preserved of the thirteen tombs. 许多人都认为长陵是十三座陵寝中保存最完好的。(page 30, lines 20-21)
be considered
consider (POSSIBILITY) verb [I or T] 考虑到…, 顾及…
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
[+ question word] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
[+doing] 考虑做…
(OPINION) vt + object + (to be) + n / adj] 将…视为, 认为，以为
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
[passive + object + to do] It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food.
[+ (that)] She considers (that) she has done enough to help already.
consideration n [C or U] 考虑,深思 take… into consideration
considering prep, conj, adv 就…而论 Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.
6.The tombs, which were built over a length of 247 years , take up 78 square kilometers. 这些陵墓的建造历时247年， 占地78平方公里。(page 30, lines41-42)
take up ①占据（空间，时间）
②take sth up (START) 开始(工作,产生兴趣等)
He's taken up the post of supervisor.
[+doing] Have you ever thought of taking up acting?
③继续讲 Anne took up (= continued) the story where Sue had left off.
篇8：Module 8 Unit 3 Grammar(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Grammar and usage
Teaching aims:
Learn how to make an inversion and in what cases inversion is used.
Teaching Important and difficult point:
When and how to use an inversion.
Teaching procedures:
英语的正常语序是“主语 + 谓语”。 即主语在前，谓语在后。 有时有于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采去倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装；只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前，称为部分倒装。如：.
The teacher came in. (正常语序)
In came the teacher. ( 完全倒装)
I have never seen a film so moving before. (正常语序)
Never before have I seen a film so moving.(部分倒装)
倒装结构通常用于下列情况：
㈠ 完全倒装
1. 用于there be句型。
如：There are many students in the classroom.
2. 用于“here (there, now, then) +vi +主语”的句型中，或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子，以示强调。
如：Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn. Out went the children.
请看试题：
①--can you tell me where my uncle is?
--Yes, of course,________.
A. here your uncle comes B. here comes your uncle.
C. comes your uncle here D. your uncle here comes
注意： 代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如：Here it is . In he comes.
请看试题：
② --Where is the report?
--________.
A. There is it B. There it is
C. There the report is D. Is there the report
3. 有时为了生动，或为了强调表语或状语，或使句子平衡而倒装。
如：
1) At the head of the queue was an old woman.
2) On the ground lay an old sick goat.
3) Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement.
4) Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
5) Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
请看试题： ③In each room _____.
A. are ten students B. ten students are C. ten students there are D. ten are students
4. 用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。
如： He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
请看试题：
④ --I’d met Philip several times before. -- ________.
A. So did I B. So had I C. I did, either D. I met, also
⑤ --Are you going there with us? --If Mary wants to go, ______.
A. I also go B. so do I C. so I will D. so will I
⑥ --Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -- I don’t know, _____.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
注意：如果so 不含“也”的意思，即使打头，也不倒装。如：
---- It was cold yesterday. --- So it was.（天确实冷）
㈡ 部分倒装
1. Only修饰的状语提前时。
如： Only then did I begin to know her.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
请看试题：
④Only when he started to explain ____ the reason for this.
A. she realized B. did she realize C. she had realized D. had she realized
2. 某些表示否定意义的词,如: never, hardly, seldom, little, few, at no time, by no means, nowhere, not a bit等在句首时。
如:
1) Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
2) Never shall I forget it.
3) Hardly can I believe that.
请看试题：
⑦Little ___ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared
⑧Not for a moment ____ the truth of your story.
A. did he made B. he made C. did he make D. he makes
3. 当not only … but also, not until, no sooner… than, hardly… when 在句首时，要倒 装。注意在这些句型中倒装的位置。
not only… but also…句型中，前一个分句倒装，后一个分句不倒装。
如：
Not only was he forcing to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.
Not until … 句型中，复合句的前面从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。
如：
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 。
No sooner … than…, hardly…when的句型中，后面从句不倒装，前面主句倒装。
如：
No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question. Hardly had I enter the army when I felt very proud.
请看试题：
⑨Not until his father was out of prison ____ to school.
A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go
⑩No sooner ____ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she fell D. did she fall
4. 以as 引导的让步从句，谓语动词以后的部分倒装（提前到as 之前）。
如：
1) Fine as it is, I shall not go out.
2) Hard as he worked, he made little progress.
3) Child as he is, he knows a lot.
5. 省略了if的条件句中，were, had 或 should 可提前句首构成部分倒装。
如：
Were I not so busy, I should go with you.
Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
6. 在so…that（如此…以致于）句型中，若so…提前到句首构成部分倒装。
如：
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
如：
1) May you succeed! 2) Long live China!
8. 用于疑问句。如： Do you speak English?
篇9：模块8 Unit 4 词组和句型(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Useful Expressions:
1.showcase new films 展示新电影
2.award sb. sth./award sth. to sb. 把某物授予/给予/判给某人
3.celebrate different film genres 颂扬不同的电影流派
4.six of the major international film festivals 六个主要的国际电影节
5.be appropriate for sb. to do sth 对…而言适合做…
6.part of sth. ……的一部分
7.contemporary art 当代艺术
8.view…as…把…视为..
9.that is 也就是说
10.be financed by 由某人资助
11.amateur actors 业余演员
12.hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
13. in defence of 防御、保卫、为….辩护
14.point out 指出
15.feature Hollywood films 以好莱坞电影为特色
16.high-quality films 高清电影
17.regardless of 不理，不顾
18.distinguish between…and…(~ from..) 区别、判别、分清
19.as long as/so long as 只要
20. meet one’s standards 达到某人的标准
21.was hatched back in 1978 早在1978年就筹划了
22. take over接管、接受
23.change the focus to doing sth. 把重心转移到做某事
24.salute sb. 向某人致敬
25.act/perform in a film 在一部电影中担任演员
26.win an award at a film festival 在一个电影节上获奖
27.give awards/an award to sb. 给某人颁奖,给某人奖励
28.take a step backwards后退 take a step散步、溜达 take steps to do采取措施
29. from all around the globe 来自全球、来自全世界
30.make films with large budgets 以很大的预算资金投入制作电影
31.resemble…too much 与……过于相似
32. have a chance of doing sth./to do sth.有可能做某事
33.lose our international angle 失去我们的国际视野
34.don’t favour films from any one country 不偏爱来自任何一国的电影
35.in the minority 占少数
36.bonus award 额外奖
37.have a good reputation worldwide 在世界范围内有良好的声誉
38.put forward a personal opinion 提出一个个人意见
39.tend to do sth. 趋向于做某事
40.pay attention to注意
41.disagree with不一致，不同意
42.avoid doing避免做某事
43.come to be well known 渐渐地出名
44.interfere in someone else’s activity 打断某人，干涉某人的行动
45.of the top rank 一流的，顶级的
46.regardless of 不理，不顾
47.be awarded for doing sth. 因为做某事而获奖
48.keep sth. in the shadows 保持某事在幕后/在阴影中/在后台运作
49.have no difficulty in doing sth. 做某时毫无困难
50.sell admission tickets 卖入场券
51.shoot a film 拍摄一部电影
52.express oneself in English 用英语表达自己
53. refer to提到，参考，涉及，提交
54. be hired to do sth.被雇佣做某事
55. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
56. fall asleep睡着，入睡，长眠
57. have an appointment to meet sb.约见某人
58.in time for 赶得上，及时
59. feel sorry for sth.为…感到遗憾
60. think twice about sth. / doing sth. 三思而行，慎重考虑后再作决定
61. waste time/money on sth.浪费时间/钱在某事上
62. make an agreement制定协议
63.give sb. one’s sincere congratulations 给某人最衷心的祝愿
64.realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想
65. attain success获得成功
66.a second time 再次
67.leave out 省略
68.enter a speech competition 参加一个演讲比赛
69.be still unanswered 还没有回答
70.make money 赚钱
71.have no commercial future 没有商业前途
72.be available for 对……来说是可用的
73. a tense thriller 一部紧张的恐怖片
74.make it clear that 表明
75.include sth. in 把某物包括在里面
76.switch roles 交换角色
77.dream of doing sth.想像，梦想做某事
78. live with sb.在一起生活
79. (be) contrary to sth与…相反
80. rescue sb. from营救，拯救
81.be sensitive to对某事敏感
82.be introduced to 被引入到；被介绍给
83.have contradictory feelings about 对……有矛盾的情感
84.have a battle with 与……作斗争
85.feel dizzy 觉得头晕
86. be dedicated to专心致志于…
87. delete…from…从…删除
88. have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的趋势
89.give enough thought to 充分考虑到
90.yawn with boredom 厌倦地打哈欠
91.on the contrary 相反的是
Useful Expressions:
1.Joining us in the studio are Isabel from the Cannes Film Festival, …
来到我们节目现场的有来自戛纳电影节的伊莎贝尔罗斯……
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting are some famous artists.
与会的是一些著名的画家。
2.Maria, do tell us a little about the Venice Film Festival.
玛丽娅，一定要告诉我们一些关于威尼斯电影节的情况。
3.I hate to interrupt you, but in defence of the Venice Film Festival, I have to point out that… 我很抱歉打断你，但我得为威尼斯电影节说句话，我必须指出……
4. It was then that Robert Redford took over …
就是那时候罗伯特雷特福德接管……
5. …there is a good chance it will become famous.
它获奖就有了很大的机会。
6.People tend to present their personal opinion as if it were a collective group’s opinion.
人们总是陈述自己个人的观点仿佛它是一个集体的观点。
7.While there is no restriction on foreign entries, those that win are in the minority.
虽然没有限制外国电影的进入，但外国电影获奖的只是少数。
8.Whether you think the Academy Awards are a film festival or not, everyone agrees that the Oscar is the best-known award a contemporary film can receive.
无论学院奖是否是一个电影节,每个人都同意奥斯卡奖是当代电影所能获得的最高奖项。
9.It felt like the camera was in the sky.
感觉起来就好象照相机在空中。
10.I think this is more to highlight the advanced special effects than to help the film’s plot.
在我看来，这是为了更加突出电影高超的特效，而不是有助于表现电影的情节。
11.As long as the film’s quality meets our standards, we include it.
只要电影的质量达到标准，都能参加评选。
12．Considering the history of our festival, we feel it is important to favour films from any one country.
考虑到我们电影节的历史，我们觉得不偏向任何国家的电影是非常重要的。
13．It was the festival that he took over in 1981.
他在1981年接管的就是这个电影节。
14．It was not until nine that I got up.
就是直到九点我才起床。
15.Who was it that told him what had happened?
到底是谁告诉他所发生的事？
篇10：Unit 2 Travelling教案 (译林牛津版英语八年级)
Unit 2 Travelling
Comic ＆Welcome to the unit
By Wu Zhiqin (Jiangzhuang Secondary School)
Teaching goals
● To introduce well-known attractions in foreign cities and popular places of interest
● To activate general knowledge about the world and identify activities which people do on holiday
● To start students thinking about different places in the world
Difficulties
To introduce well-known foreign cities and popular tourist attractions
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
Lead-in topic using some pictures
Step 2 Presenting
1. Activity1: Talk about the pictures .Try to answer the three questions:
1)What’s the name of it?
2) Which country and which city is it in?
3) If you go there , what do you want to do there?
Activity 2 : Match the pictures with their names.
2. Work in pairs to talk about each of the photos.
Use the conversation between Daniel and Millie’s on page 25 as a model. You may expand the model conversation to include things you know and want to do yourselves.
3. Doing exercise1:
Step3 Presenting
1. Listen and answer:
Where is Eddie going?
Does Hobo want to go too?
What does Hobo want to bring?
Will Eddie have a happy? Why or why not ?
2. Read the dialogues (completion between)
3. Act out the dialogues
4. Doing exercises2
Step4 Production
Try to be a guide using the pictures
Step5 Homework
1. Finish excise1 and exercise 3 on Wb
2. Write down your words as the guide
Exercises
一．Match the places of interest on the left with the country on the right
( ) 1. the Great Wall ( ) A. Japan
( ) 2.the Leaning Tower of Pisa ( ) B .the USA
( ) 3.the Little Mermaid ( ) C. the UK
( ) 4.the Statue of Liberty ( ) D China
( ) 5.the Tower Bridge ( ) E. Italy
( ) 6.the Eiffel Tower ( ) F Denmark
( ) 7.the Opera House ( ) G .Australia
( ) 8. Mount Fuji ( ) H. France
二．Complete the following sentences
这本书肯定有趣。
This book ______________________.
让我带你出去吃晚饭。
Let me________________.
儿童节对你来说不是假期了。
Children’s Day________________.
富士山是日本的象征。
Mount Fuji is________________________________.
我去旅行时喜欢拍许多照片。
I like _____________________________when I __________________________.
篇11：M8 Unit 2 集体备课教案(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Module 8 unit 2 The universal language
Period One Welcome to the unit
Teaching aim
Let the students get familiar with the topic of music. Encourage the students to practice their spoken English by talking about their favourite kind of music and discussing the pictures.
Teaching important and difficult points
1. Relate the information given in the book to the students’ own experiences and let them get familiar with different kinds of music.
2. Let them talk about music fully and freely.
Teaching aids
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures:
Step I. Lead-in (Discussion)
Do you like music? Why or why not?
How many kinds of music do you know? Can you list some types of music?
What are the common topics of music
Step II. Ask the students to look at the pictures one by one on P17. Then ask some questions about each picture.
Step III. Enjoy some music and ask the students to tell what kind of music they are.
Step IV. Make up a dialogue.
Ask you partner what kind of music he/she likes best and why he/she likes about it.
Step V. Ask the students to tell a story about a famous musician. If there is no, introduce one to the students.
Step VI. Discussion.
Chinese opera is a kind of music with a long history. But some young Chinese don’t like it at all. Some even think that it is noisy. So what do you think about Chinese opera? How can we make more people interested in Chinese opera?
Step VII. Summary.
Step VIII. Homework.
Preview the reading part.
Period Two &Three Reading
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words and expressions:
Cast; fall in love; feature; unconditional; be drunk with; exercise control over; break one’s promise; terrify; conduct
2. Train the students’ reading ability.
3. Get the students to learn about the Turandot..
Teaching Important Points:
1. Learn to use the following useful phrases:
Cast; fall in love; feature; unconditional; be drunk with; exercise control over; break one’s promise; terrify; conduct
2. Train the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Methods:
1. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.
2. Careful reading to get the detailed information.
3. Pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
The multimedia
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Greetings
Step 2 Lead-in
To start the lesson by asking the students some questions
Ask the students to talk freely in order to create an easy atmosphere to encourage the students to practise their spoken language. Ask the students to prepare some information in advance. Get the student to have a general idea of the opera.
Step 3 Reading Strategy
Explain the definition of a review to the students since different types of article have various ways of reading.
1. What’s the definition of a review?
A review is a report or an essay giving some information as well as some opinion or ideas about a book, performance, a painting or something similar.
2. What should we pay attention to while reading a review of an opera?
a. A review of opera usually starts with some background information.
b. The review can five some important such as the actor’s names and finally an evaluation.
c. The review may include lots of very descriptive words that reflect feelings.
Step 4 Fast reading
Ask the student to scan the text to finish the exercises in Part A
Step 5 Listening and comprehension
Listen to the recording and ask the students to finish the exercises on P 20 Part C1
Answers:
1. Because she felt that she could almost feel the history.
2. She is cold-hearted.
3. He was killed.
4. She does not have to marry him.
5. He promised to allow Turandot to choose her own husband.
6. Eight.
7. Turandot was played by Sharon Sweet from the USA, Liu was played by Barbara Hendricks from the USA and Calaf was sung by Kristian Johannsson form Iceland.
8. The bringing together of the group of people from many countries, the music and the setting.
Step 6 Post-reading
In order to have an accurate understanding of the text, ask the students to finish Part D on P20. And explain some more language points to the students.
1. witness n.
e.g. According to (eye) witnesses, the robbery was carried out by two teenage boys.
witness vt
witness doing sth
e.g. He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being taken away by the police.
2.star vt (e.g. The studio would like to star her in a sequel to last year’s hit.)
cast vt (e.g. The doctor decided not to cast his new film with big-name actors.)
3. setting n.
e.g. The play has its setting in a wartime prison.
be set in … (e.g. The story was set in Britain of the nineteenth century.)
4. take on
a. to accept a particular job or responsibility:
e.g. She took too much on and made herself ill.
b. to employ someone:
e.g. She was taken on as a laboratory assistant.
c. to compete against or fight someone:
e.g. The Government took on the unions and won.
d. to begin to have a particular quality:
e.g. Her voice took on a troubled tone.
5. exercise vt (to use one’s right, power or influence)
e.g. The young employer simply does not know how to exercise his power over his employees.
Since you’re a citizen of our country, you should exercise your right to vote.
6. be desperate to do sth./be desperate for sth.
( to be eager or in great need to do/for sth.)
e.g. The old man was desperate to see his son, Who had left home to study abroad.
The boy is desperate for a new pair of football shoes.
7. leave vt 常用“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(to let sb. do sth. or be in a state/to let sth. be in a state )
e.g. My grandma is over 80 years old, so do not want to leave her alone at home.
The poor farmer died, leaving his wife and three children in poor conditions.
When the couple went on holiday, they left their pet dog in the care of a friend.
8. transform vt (to make a complete change of the appearance or character of)
e.g. Plenty of rain might transform the area from a desert into a place full of plants.
It is said that the old railway station built about 100 years ago will soon be transformed into a railway museum.
Step 7 Homework
Period Four Word power
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn to read a passage of something about an orchestra and instruments used in an orchestra.
2. Enlarge the students’ vocabulary.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Understand the meanings of words and expressions related to an orchestra.
2. Master the words in this part and use them freely.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. Knowing the main idea of the passage.
2. Remember some new words about an orchestra.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Greetings
1. Greet the whole class as usual.
2. Check their homework if any.
Step 2 Brainstorming
1. What is an orchestra like?
2. What kind of music is performed by an orchestra? (classical music/opera)
3. Do you know any famous orchestras in China or in other countries around the world?
Step 3 Vocabulary learning
1. Read the web page in Part A carefully, and then complete the following chart written on the blackboard.
Complete Part B individually and then check answers with a partner to see if they have got the answers.
Suggested answers:
strings: harp, violas, double basses
brass: saxophones, trombones, tubas
woodwind: oboes, bassoons, piccolos
percussion: timpani, xylophones, gongs
2. Read the report and complete Part C individually referring to Parts A and B.
Suggested answers:
(1) orchestra (2) chamber (3) symphony
(4) strings (5) brass (6) violins
(7) cellos (8) brass (9) trumpets
(10) Flutes (11) woodwind (12) bass drums
Step 4 Vocabulary extension
Please focus on Part D and complete it individually.
Answers to D:
the instruments in red: strings
the instruments in blue: woodwind
the instruments in green: brass
the instruments in yellow: percussion
Step 5 Homework
Period Five& Six Grammar and Usage
Teaching Aim:
Introduce the ellipsis.
Teaching Important Point:
The basic usage of the ellipsis and learn to use it in different situations.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students learn when to use ellipsis and how to use it correctly.
Teaching Methods:
Teaching and practicing.
Individual or pair work.
Teaching Aid:
Multimedia.
Teaching procedures:
Step1: Introduction to ellipsis
Ellipsis means leaving out words of a sentence when the meaning can still be understood. Ellipsis is used when you do not want to repeat words or phrases that are obvious. You’re to learn when to use ellipsis and how to use it correctly.
Step 2: Presentation
Sentences on the blackboard
- How is your cousin today? ---(She is )Much better.
(You) Open the the window, please!
(It) Sounds fine to me.
(It is a ) Pity our teacher couldn’t come.
(Is there) Anything wrong?
(Have you) Found your pencil?
Read these sentences and point put the words that have been left out in each sentence.
Step 3: Instructions
1. Go over Part 1& Part 2
Ellipsis is often used in imperative sentences, in short responses, in infinitive phrases and in informal English. Ellipsis is also used after hence, some prepositions or than. You should pay attention to the case in which ellipsis is used when two clauses with the same pattern and the same verb are used in a sentence.
Read the examples in Point 2 and get to know that in some special styles, words are left out just to save space and time. When it comes to signs and labels, newspaper headlines, instructions, postcards, diaries and notes, ellipsis is often used.
2. More examples
Step 4: Practices
1. Read Part A carefully and find out the words that can be left out.
Answers:
Singer: It was a real privilege for me to be cast. It had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in Turandot.
Jane: How were you hired for the job?
Singer: Well, I’m a musical performer,………One day, saw a poster that the production company’s Personnel Department had put up saying that they were looking for singers. I applied for the job, and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.
Jane: Was it difficult to try out?
Singer: Yes, it was difficult……
……
Singer: The best part was visiting Beijing because the performance was staged in the Forbidden City.
……
Singer: Yes, I would like to visit Beijing again.
Jane: Well, it’s been fun talking to you. I thank you for your time.
2.Read the instructions in Part B and finish the part individually.
Answers:
1 b 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 e
1 Bob James, the pop star dies of drug abusing.
2 This is the door to the stage.
3 The performance last night was not as good as usual.
4 Please handle this with care.
5 Turandot is really a wonderful performance, and the setting is fantastic too.
3. Do Part C1 and C2 on page110 of the Workbook. After doing the two exercises, they will know more clearly how to use ellipsis correctly.
Step 5: Exercises
1. - Are there any English story books for us students in the library?
- There are only a few, ___________.
A. if any B. if there C. if some D. if has
2. - Would you like to go with us?
- Yes, _____________.
A. I'd B. I'd like C. I'd like to D. I'd like to do
3. - Would you like to have a try once again?
- ________________.
A. Yes, I like B. No, I don’t like it
C. Yes, I want very much D. Yes, I’d like to
4. - What do you think made Mary so upset?
- ___________ her bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
5. - When did they get down to the job?
- _______________.
A. Until they left B. Till they arrived
C. Since they finished it D. Not until they turned to me
6. - Are you angry?
- Yes. He should at least answer when _____________.
A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
7. Be careful while _________ the street.
A. to cross B. crossing C. he crosses D. being cross
8. _______ us for a dinner, don’t you?
A. Don’t you join B. Join C. Have to join D. Let’s join
9. I promise we’ll be there at 6, _________.
A. rainy or shine B. rains or shining
C. rain or shine D. rain or shining
10. In the car accident the child was hurt, but ___________.
A. the mother is killed B. the mother killed
C. the mother being killed D. the mother has killed
11. __________ I don’t remember where I met him.
A. Fact is which B. what the fact is that
C. The fact is what D. Fact is
12. He raised his hand __________ silence.
A. as if to command B. as though he going to command
C. as though to command D. as of he commanding
13. Francis Preston Blair, Jr., _________ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri.
A. was B. he was C. although D. who he was
14. We are to install this instrument ____________.
A. as originally planned B. as it originally planned
C. as was originally planned D. as it being originally planned
15. __________, people and objects are presented in a flat, often angular, abstract manner in Jacob
Lawrence’s paintings.
A. Always able to recognize B. The ability to recognize always
C. While always recognizable D. Always can be recognized
Answers:
1-5 ACDCD 6-10 BBBCB 11-15 DCCAC
Period Seven& Eight
Task Writing a website negative emotional language
Teaching Aims:
1. To train the students’ ability of listening and writing.
2. To master the skills in the writing of the life story of a composer
3. To practise writing the life story of a composer
Teaching procedure:
Step 1 Review the last period of the unit
Skills building 1: listening for facts about people
When we are listening for facts about people, there are certain things we need to listen for. These includes:
1. date when they were born and died
e.g. He/She was born/died on 26 May 1962.
2. places where they were born or died. These might be or countries.
e.g. He/She was born in London, England.
3. specific things that they did in their life. This will include dates and places such as when and where they got married or had a child, etc.
e.g. He married Jane in Paris in .
4. information about why they did something and who or what influenced them.
e.g. He wrote this opera because he liked East Asia.
Step 2 Listening
While listening to the recording, ask the students to apply listening skills in practical use, such as note taking. The teacher should be responsible for the speed of the recording and make sure the student can finally understand the text as a whole. After the teacher can check the answers with the students.
Step 3 Table fill-in
In this section, the students first are required to go through three passages on p 27. Since during the listening we have just finished part of the exercise, the teacher can design a skimming and scanning practice here, asking the students to find the relevant information of the table provided on P 26. And later ask the students to check their answers by presentation.
Skills building 2: finding out about people’s lives
Sometimes you need to find out about people’s lives. You can start by asking the following questions.
Which city/country was he/she born in?
When was he/she born?
What instruments did he/she play?
When was …written?
When did he/she die?
Where did he/she die?
Did he/she have brothers/sisters? What were their names?
When did he/she get married?
Who did he/she marry?
Can you tell me any other information about him/her?
Is there anything else you can tell me about him/her?
Step 2 asking for further information
In this section, the students are supposed to work in pair to practice the skills in skills buildings 2. The teacher can encourage the students to pracise their spoken language during this part, and later the teacher can also provide the sample answers to the students.
Skills building 3: writing someone’s life story
When writing someone’s life story on an exhibition board, you need to:
1. Start with his/her name as a little with the dates of his/her birth and death underneath.
2. Perhaps use a timeline to illustrate what the person did in his/her life.
3. Write the information in the order that it happened.
4. Include pictures to make it attractive.
Step 3: writing the life story of a composer
In this section, the students should apply their learned skills to practical use. First they have to collect some facts about the composers, find out about people’s lives and then write someone’s life story. The teacher first of all should remind the students of these steps and then give some instructions to the students. If it is needed, the teacher can also give the students a sample writing to show how they are supposed to phrase their article.
Step 4 Homework
Prepare for next period.
Period Nine& Ten Project The universal language
Teaching aim
Help students use what they have learnt to finish a project by working together.
Teaching important and difficult points
1. Help the students understand the text to collect as much information as they can.
2. Ask the students to have a discussion about which singer or band they will focus on, what they will include in the project and how they can organize their webpage.
Teaching aids
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Dictation.
Step 2 Lead-in
In this unit, we have discussed different kinds of music. So today let’s have a closer look at the history and development of pop music.
Step 3 First reading
Ask the students to read the article “From jazz to pop” and then answer the questions.
What is this text mainly about?
It is about the history and development of pop music.
How many periods can pop music be divided into according to the writer?
Five periods. Early jazz, swing music, R&B, rock and roll, and 1960s pop music.
Step 4 Second reading
Read different parts of the text on by one.
Early jazz
1. What was the most important instruments used in jazz?
The trumpet is one of the most important instrument used in jazz
2. Who is considered as one of the founding fathers of jazz?
Louis Armstrong
From wing music to rock and roll
1. What is the difference between swing music and traditional jazz?
Swing music is faster than traditional jazz and have a sort of swinging feel to the music.
2. What are included in “big bands”?
Big bands included a pianist a violinist and a bassist, as well as others.
3. Who is considered as one of the pioneers of rock and roll?
Big Joe Turner.
1960s pop music
1. Which band was the most successful rock and roll band of the 1960s?
The Beatles.
2. What is “Beatlemania”?
The phenomenon that masses of fans of the Beatles welcome this band at the airport.
Step 5 Finish exercises B1 and B2 on the page 109
Step 6 Discussion.
Work in groups to discuss how to research and what to research about a singer or a band and then answer the questions in part B.
Step 7 Homework
Each group should choose a singer or a band to research and then divide the work among group members. Each group member will be responsible for searching for some information. Use the information collected to make a webpage after class and present them to the class on the display wall.
篇12：● Grammar and Usage (译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
● Grammar and Usage
Step 1: General introduction
The grammar items in this unit focus on negative statements. You are expected to understand the meanings of negative statements. You will also learn the ways to make a negative statement. Then you may apply what you have learnt to practical use by finishing two exercises.
Step 2: Exercises
Turn the following into negative statements:
1. They’re listening to pop music now.
________________________________
2. Many people can speak English nowadays.
_________________________________
3. You must make your bed after you get up every day.
_______________________________________________
4. His mother has a beautiful car.
________________________________________________
5. We need a pen and piece of paper.
________________________________________________
6. I need wear a warm coat.
_________________________________________________
7. The old man always goes for a walk in the park after supper.
_______________________________________________
8. The doctors volunteer in the countryside every year.
_________________________________________
9. Mike does sports in the afternoon.
________________________________
10. You’d better talk with your parents right now.
___________________________________
Keys:
1. They aren’t listening to pop music now.
2. Many people can’t speak English nowadays.
3. You don’t have to make your bed after you get up every day.
4. His mother doesn’t have a beautiful car.
5. We don’t need a pen and piece of paper.
6. I needn’t wear a warm coat.
7. The old man seldom goes for a walk in the park after supper.
8. The doctors don’t volunteer in the countryside every year.
9. Mike doesn’t do sports in the afternoon.
10. You’d better not talk with your parents right now.
Step 3: Explanation and practice
1. Make a list of the most commonly used negative words:
no, not, never, neither, hardly, seldom, few, little, barely…
2. Please decide whether it is a true statement: John Keats was a famous short story writer.
This statement is untrue. We can correct an untrue statement in the following way:
John Keats was not a famous short story writer.
3. As we learned, negative statements are often used to correct a mistaken idea. Let’s recall the ways to make negative statements.
4. Read Part 1 and Part 2. When not is used with a negative prefix, the meaning of the sentence is positive. However, the positive meaning is not as strong as that of a direct positive statement. For example:
Students are not discouraged to discuss things with their classmates. (Students are encouraged to discuss things with their classmates.)
Your actions were not inexcusable, but they were certainly not appropriate. (Your actions were excusable, but certainly not appropriate.)
It is not uncommon for him to be late. (It is very common for him to be late.)
not can be used before a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase to emphasize the negative meaning of the phrase. For example:
It is not a long distance from the city center to the new railway station. (=It is very near from the city center to the new railway station.)
It will not be long before most people around the world know how to use a computer. (=Soon, people around the world will know how to use a computer.)
There were not many people present for the lecture. (=There were very few people present for the lecture.)
5. Read Part 3. In informal English, the negative expressions can be used with whether and if to show doubt or uncertainty. For example:
I wouldn't be surprised if they didn’t buy a house soon. (=I wouldn’t be surprised if they bought a house soon.)
I wonder whether/if I shouldn't get a haircut. (=I wonder whether/if I should get a haircut.)
I wonder whether/if I shouldn't buy a new suit. (=I wonder whether/if I should buy a new suit.)
6. Read Part 4. Pay attention to some negative expressions.
on no account, in no circumstances, never before, nowhere, at no time, by no means,
7. Read a book report written by Sharon. Try to cycle the negative statements.
Answers
A 1 … he experiences an abnormal childhood without any parents.
2 He is raised in a place with other children who also have no parents.
3 He is then sent to a workhouse, where he has to work very hard and hardly has time to relax.
4 Oliver does not like anything about the workhouse.
5 He is treated very badly and seldom has enough food or water.
6 Fagin is not a good character and cares only about himself.
7 Oliver does not know anything at first and stays with Fagin.
8 He does not want to steal from anyone, but in order to survive, Oliver is forced to become a criminal.
9 Mr Barnlow is a man without any of Fagin’s vices.
10 Unless Oliver can escape, he will never be reunited with Mr Barnlow.
11 He will have only misfortune, not a real family and the love he deserves, which is the major theme of the book.
8. Finish Part B individually.
Answers
B 1 surprised if, didn’t
2 not uncommon
3 Not many
4 wonder whether/if, shouldn’t
For reference
There are some other patterns which can be used to express negation.
1 too + adjective +to-infinitive
In this pattern too, with the meaning ‘very’, is used before an adjective. After the adjective, an infinitive is used to mean ‘(somebody) cannot do’ or ‘something cannot be done’. Sometimes for somebody can be used before the infinitive. For example:
My father is too old to have such a long journey. (=My father is very old and cannot travel so long.)
She is too happy to say a word at the party. (=She is so happy that she cannot say anything at the party.)
The box is too heavy to carry. (=The box is so heavy that no one can carry it.)
The house is too expensive for us to buy. (=The house is so expensive that we cannot buy it.)
2 few + a countable noun; little +an uncountable noun
When we use few to modify a countable noun, we mean ‘not many’, and the noun should be in its plural form. When we use little to modify an uncountable noun, we mean ‘not much’. And few or little here has the negative meaning. For example:
Few students in our class have ever read Katherine Mansfield’s short stories. (=Not many/Only one or two students in our class have ever read Katherine Mansfield’s short stories.)
We have little rain all this summer. (=It almost does not rain during this summer.)
Because few or little has the negative meaning, we do not use the negative form in question tags. For example:
Few people liked his painting at that time, did they?
There is little ink in the bottle, is there?
For reference
关于英语中的否定句
1)一般否定
I don’t know this. No news is good news.
There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don’t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
I don’t know all of them.
I can’t see everybody/everything.
All the answers are not right.（并非所有答案都对。）
All is not gold that glitters. （闪光的不一定都是金子。）
Both of them are not right.（并非两人都对。）
4)全体否定
None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
Neither of them is right.
5) 延续否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English.
I saw few people.
7) 双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.
What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but (that) he can learn.
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
9)加强否定
I won't do it at all.
I can't see it any more.
He is no longer a boy.
Step 4: Consolidation
I. Multiple choice
1. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV, but ＿＿＿＿.
A. a little did he hear B. little did he hear
C. little heard he D. a little heard he
2. During the war, ＿＿＿＿but also he lost his wife and his child.
A. not was his job in the lab taken away
B. not only was his job in the lab taken away
C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away
D. not just was taken away his job in the lab
3. I think this is the first time that we have met.＿＿＿anywhere.
A. Before have we never seen each other B. Never before we have seen each other
C. Each other have we seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other
4. -- The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
-- ＿＿＿＿. He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.
A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldn’t my grandpa
C. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldn’t my grandpa
5. By no means ＿＿＿ to our plan for the trip.
A. will she agree B. she will agree C. agrees she D. will agree she
6. They went into a small house but ＿＿＿.
A. no persons did they find B. not a person found they
C. not a person did they find D. not a person they found
7. Henry often helps look after Granny Wang, but＿＿＿.
A. seldom is George B. seldom George does
C. seldom does George D. seldom looks George after Granny Wang
8. Nothing but two ancient Chinese coins ＿＿＿＿ after they took out the jar.
A. did they find in it B. they found in it
C. in it did they find D. in it found they
II. Translation
1. 这两本书都不是英国出版的。
2. 你们当中我一个也不认识。
3． 我不同意所有这些方案。
4．在他还没来之前，我们就把所有的工作都做完了。
5. 这些规章制度多不完善！
6. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。
7. 听到这个消息后，没有一个人不感到惊奇。
8. 人们直到失去了健康才知道健康的可贵。
9. 直到五月的一个星期六下午，玛格丽特才安排我与她姐姐见面。
10. 不久他就告诉了我们这件事。
11. 对他的成绩我们怎么赞扬也不过分。
12. 他刚进办公室，电话铃就响了。
13. 只有傻瓜才会做这种事情。
14. 她是班里最自私的了。
15. 他的失败完全是由于他自己的粗心大意。
Keys :
I. 1-5 BBDCA 6-8 CCB
II.
1. Neither of the books is published in England.
2. I know none of you.
3. I agree to none of these plans.
4. We had finished all the work before he came.
5. How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
6. Nobody can come in without permission.
7. Having heard the news, everybody felt surprised.
There was nobody who did not feel surprised.
There was nobody but felt surprised.
8. People do not know the blessing of health until they lose it．
9. It was not until a Saturday afternoon in May that Margaret could arrange for me to meet her elder sister.
10. It wasn't long before he told us about this affair．
11. We can hardly praise his achievement too much．
12. No sooner had he entered the office than the telephone rang．
13. None but a fool would do such a thing．
14. Nobody is more selfish than her in the class．
15. His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness．
篇13：新概念英语 lesson47 教案教学设计(译林牛津版英语高三)
Teaching approch: cooperative learning, task-based language learning, communicative learning
Teaching aids: blackboard, multi-media facilities
Teaching procedures:
Step1 Lead-in
1.Play a video about pollution and get the students to answer “How many kinds of pollution did you see in the video?”(write the key on the Bb)
2. Show some pictures about food and ask the studens to have a quick discussion about the question “What food do you think is safe food without being polluted?”
Step2 Scanning and skimming
1.Structure and paragraph development
Listen to the tape and have the students use one sentence to summarize the text and use phases or key words to sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
2.Read for details
1) Read the first paragraph and answer the following questions:
How many ways do people deal with rubbish?
Do people solve the problem of rubbish? Why?
2) Blank-filling
Ask the students to read Para2 and find detailed words to fill in blanks about agricultural pollution.
3) Summary
Get the students to read Para3 and summarize the forms of noise pollution.
4) Picture-talking
Have the students look at the picture on Page216 and descible what is happening in the picture.
Look at the picture on PPT and guess, then let the students describe the feeling of the wife.
Step3 Post-reading activities
1. Tell us about any noise which you know has caused a major problem.
2. “ The only way to reduce noise pollution is to fine offenders very heavily.” is this a practical proposal? What do you think?
篇14：Unit 1 of Module 8 Words and Expressions (译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)
Unit 1 of Module 8 Words and Expressions
Class Name No. Time Assessment
Learning Aims:
1. Learn some phrases by heart.
2. Master the usage of some important words and expressions.
Learning Important and Difficult Points:
Learn the usage of some important words and expressions such as fortune, have prejudice against, at the sight of and so on.
Learning Methods:
Learn the usage of some words and phrases through self-study and practice.
Learning procedures:
Part One－Self-exploration
I. Key phrases to remember
1. be prejudiced against 对……有偏见 2. be bent on (doing) sth.一心想要，决心要
3. make the acquaintance of 和……相识，结实 4. brand new 崭新的，全新的
5. at the sight of 看到，一看到 6. from beginning to end 从头至尾
II. Self-study of the usage of some important words and phrases
1. pity: vt. 同情，怜悯
［原句回放］He pities Oliver, takes him home, and tries to reform him. 句中pity是 ___vt.___ （词性），意思是 _同情，怜悯_ ，相当于have/take pity on sb.。而另外两个固定句式It’s a pity that...; what a pity that…却表示 __遗憾_ 意思。
1）他总是同情那些处于困境中的人，而且尽力帮助他们。
_He always pities people in trouble, and tries his best to help them_
2）她不能来是多么遗憾啊！
_What a pity that she can’t come!__
2. resist: vt. & vi. 抵抗，反抗，抵制
［原句回放］They force him back into a life of crime by pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists. 句中 resist 的含义是 抵制，抵抗 ，它的常用句型是 vt. + n.(pron.) / doing…，常见短语是can’t resist doing…，该词组含义是 禁不住 。
小试牛刀！
1) 许多青少年禁不住沉溺于电脑游戏。（resist）
Many teenagers can’t resist being addicted to computer games.
2) I didn’t mean _A__ anything, but those apples looked so good that I couldn’t resist _____ one. （B级）
A. to eat; trying B. to eat; to try C. eating; trying D. eating; to try
4. tend : vi. 趋向，倾向；vt. 照料，看护
［原句回放］The poetry of this period is not only about love, although Romantic themes tend to be more emotional. 句中 tend to do sth. 的意思是倾向于……，往往…… 。小试牛刀！
1）据说，她在冬天往往睡得较早。（tend）
It’s said that she tends to go to bed earlier in winter.
2）疲惫的时候，人就倾向于犯错。(tend)
_When people are tired, they tend to make mistakes.__
3）请用tend的常见短语的正确形式完成下列句子：
tend to do sth.倾向于，往往；tend to/towards sth. 趋向，倾向；tend (to) sb./sth.照料
Many people _tend to_ judge things by their appearances.
Doctors and nurses _tend (to)_ the injured.
His views _tend to/towards_ the extreme（极端）.
5. stress: vt. 重读；强调，着重指出
［原句回放］The first and third lines of each section have four stressed syllables（音节）. 句中 stressed 是 _过去 分词，做 _定语 成分，意思是 _重读的_ 。
1）请辨别下列句中stress的含义：
The official stressed the importance of international trade. _强调，着重指出_
You should stress the first syllable in “happiness”. _重读___
2）必须着重指出，这项任务应当在周末之前完成。
_It must be stressed that the task should be finished before the weekend._
［拓展］stress还可用作n.，除了表示“强调，重要性；重音”之外，还可表示“精神压力，紧张”。常用搭配：under stress 类似于短语 _under pressure，意思是处于压力之下。
6. prejudice: n. 偏见
［原句回放］Money and education have changed him, and before long he develops the shortcomings of being shallow and having prejudice, even against his old companions.句中用到prejudice的短语是 have prejudice against , 意思是 _对…有偏见 。试翻译整句话，注意before long和develop的意思。
1）We must treat every naughty student ______ . （B级）
A. without doubt B. without prejudice C. without difficulty D. without mercy
2）As a teacher, you should not be prejudiced against students with low marks.=
As a teacher, you should not have prejudice against students with low marks.
3) ______ his death in 1886, the poet had become a success in his country. （B级）
A. It was before long B. Before long C. When long before D. Long before
7. be bent on doing sth.: 一心想要，决心要
［原句回放］Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love. 句中 is bent on becoming的含义是 _一心想要成为 ，可以用相同意思的短语 _be determined to do 替换。 小试牛刀！
1) The boy student bent ______ tricks has much talent ______ painting. （B级）
A. in; in B. on; of C. in; of D. on; for
2) 她一心想长大后当一名影星。
She is bent on becoming a film star when she grows up.
3) 在演讲比赛中我击败了汤姆而赢得一等奖。
I defeated Tom in the speech contest and won the first prize.
4) Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo _____ another term in office, _____ her closest rival（对手）, film star Fernando Poe Junior. （C级）
A. won; beating B. got; winning C. got; won D. won; beat
9. at the sight of: 看到，一看到
［原句回放］Kevin was filled with sorrow at the sight of his old soccer ball, and he let out a sad sigh. 句中at the sight of的意思是 _看到，一看到 , let out a sad sigh的意思是_伤心地叹口气 。小试牛刀！
1）一看到地上躺着的蛇，那女孩惊叫了一声。（let out）
At the sight of the snake lying on the ground, the girl let out a cry of surprise.
2) ______ the pair of brand new sneakers, Tom jumped with joy. Which of the following is wrong? （C级）
A. Seeing B. At the sight of C. On seeing D. Caught sight of
3）试用sight的常见短语完成下列句子。
at the sight of; at first sight; catch sight of; lose sight of; in sight; out of sight
(1) I have been known to faint（昏倒）_at the sight of of blood.
(2) He fell in love with her _at first sight_ and believed that she was the most beautiful girl in the world.
(3) I saw her for a moment but then _lost sight of her in the crowd.
(4) I _caught sight of_ my old friend in town today and then we talked to each other.
(5) Peace is _in sight_ . （和平在望）
(6) _Out of sight_ , out of mind. （眼不见，心不烦）
4) ______ with strength for the moment, the young man raised himself completely, ______ me to stand up, too. （C级）
A. Filled; forcing B. Filled; forced C. Filling; forced D. Filling; forcing
Part Two－Self-assessment
I. Translate the following into English by using the words or phrases in the brackets
1. 他自始至终对年轻人有偏见。(prejudice/prejudiced)
He has prejudice against the young throughout.
2. 我是在一次聚会上认识他的。（make the acquaintance of）
I made the acquaintance of him at a party.
3. 决心要通过考试，大卫周末一直在学习。(bent)
Bent on passing the test, David has been studying at the weekend.
4. 当别人反对他的计划时他往往会生气。(tend)
He tends to be angry when others are opposed to him.
II. Multiple choice
1. Experts predict that all these changes will lead to ______ strong and powerful China, ______ country that will give the world a big surprise.
A. the, a B. a, / C. a, a D. a, the
2. The company is ______ to improve pay and conditions.
A. under construction B. under threat C. under pressure D. under repair
3. We watched the train until it ______ gradually.
A. lost sight B. caught sight C. came into sight D. was out of sight
4. ______ these things, he began to think over the next subject.
A. Settling down B. Having settled C. Settled down D. To settle down
5. Seeing the toy, she couldn’t resist ______ to catch it.
A. being reached out B. reaching out C. to reach out D. reach out
6. What worried me most was ______ to go abroad alone.
A. my not allowing B. having not allowed
C. my being not allowed D. my not being allowed
7. The manager is a(n) ______ of mine, so I can introduce you to him.
A. acquaint B. acquaintance C. familiarity D. friendship
8. The teacher was so angry at all ______ he was doing ______ she walked out and closed the door behind her.
A. that, that B. what, what C. that, what D. what, that
8. ______ society ______ a university, I think, is quite reasonable.
A. Comparing; to B. Compared; to C. Comparing; with D. Compared; with
9. I ______ at a party held in honor of our new major.
A. made his acquaintance B. made my acquaintance
C. made an acquaintance D. made the acquaintance
10. China is ______ building a harmonious society, in which the interpersonal credibility（诚信） will serve as the basis.
A. supposed to B. based on C. called on D. bent on
11. It is said that Oliver Twist, ______ work by Charles Dickens, was performed on ______ stage before Dickens even completed the novel.
A. the; the B. 不填；不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; a
12. I made the ______ of Mr Blake at a conference on climate change.
A. friend B. companion C. best D. acquaintance
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