雅思阅读not given的八大考点
“衮雪”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇雅思阅读not given的八大考点，以下是小编整理后的雅思阅读not given的八大考点，欢迎阅读与收藏。
篇1：雅思阅读判断题NotGiven套路
首先我们要明确Not Given 是如何界定的，哪种情况才叫做Not Given。我们来看看雅思官方给出的Not Given 的两种界定：
1. If there is no information on this.
2. If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about it.
简单来说，Not Given 就是一个无端捏造的描述，是出题人的臆想。这里请烤鸭们注意，Not Given 是臆想和捏造事实，并不代表着就是错误的。根据我们对于判断题Not Given 的研究发现，这种臆想通常有两种方式，今天我们先给大家分享第一种：
篇2：雅思阅读判断题NotGiven套路
所谓“部分臆想”就是说这种Not Given 并不是完全捏造，还是有一部分内容是基于文章的，但是有一部分是出题人的捏造和臆想。
这类Not Given 我们应用做细节题的思路，从题干入手找到定位词，然后回到文章寻找相关描述，定位到和题目相对应的句子，对比原文和题目的描述构成怎样的逻辑关系，如果原文和题目的描述不构成同义替换，也不构成排斥关系，那么我们即可以判断该题答案为Not Given。换句话说，“部分臆想”式Not Given。
下面我们来举一个剑桥真题集8中的雅思阅读判断题例题
题目: Beacons and flashing lights are still used by ATC today.
原文: As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways. However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC.
我们通过题目中的定位词beacons and flashing lights 定位到文章中的段落，对比题目和原文和题目的逻辑关系发现，两句话不构成排斥关系也不是同义替换，原文描述的是beacons and flashing lights 在二十世纪二十年代的情况，没有提及现今，所以可判断此题为Not Given，并为“部分臆想”式Not Given。
总的来说，“部分臆想”式Not Given 是一部分内容在文章中没有提及到，从题目入手是可以在原文中找到相关描述的，再通过逻辑思维的判断选出答案。
雅思阅读小范围预测
文章题目The history of Russian Ballet
重复年份0114 0418 1124
题材发展史
题型判断 6+填空 7
文章大意芭蕾舞发源于意大利，从 17 世纪后传入俄 国后一直欣欣向荣。出了很多优 秀的艺术家和作品，外国舞派也对俄 国芭蕾舞发展有着影响。后期以戏剧味 发展主流，一直讲到本世纪 70 年代的发展。
参考阅读：
Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.
Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of Jean-Baptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families.
France provided many leaders such as Charles Didelot in St Petersburg (1801-1831), Jules Perrot(1848-1859) and Arthur Saint-Léon (1859-69).
In the early 19th century, the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a rayok, or 'paradise gallery', consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet, because tickets in this section were inexpensive.
One author describes the Imperial ballet as “unlike that of any other country in the world…the most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar, and all the dancers were, in a sense, Imperial servants. In the theatre, the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and, out of respect, after the performance they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern: first, the ballerina bowed to the tsar’s box, then to that of the theater director, and finally to the general public.
文章题目Aquaculture in New Zealand
重复年份20160114 20151031 20121124 0212
题材农业
题型小标题 7+人名理论配对 3+句子填空 3
文章大意新西兰水产养殖，介绍了新西兰一种新型保护海底动物多样性兼顾商业运作 的方式一 aquaculture , 其发展遇到的问题及前景。
部分参考答案：
小标题
14. vi (一个受益的村庄)
15. vii (company’s profit)
16. 选含 limitation 的那项
17. 选含 concerns to environment 的那项
18. 选含 alternative explanation 的那项
19. 选含 research 的那项
20. 选含 science and business 的那项
填空题
24. polyculture/aquaculture
25. commercial partner
26. market value/high price
文章题目We have star performers
重复年份20160114 20121124
题材商业管理
题型段落细节配对 4+判断 4+填空 5
文章大意人才与天赋，讨论人才和选人标准之间的论证。讲公司考核员工主要的依据， talents, 文章批判了传统的观点(才能是与生俱来的，是不变的，是需要公 司去发现的)。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段讲到，才 能是随时间变化的，是不能被精确度量的，是可以凭努力换来的。
参考答案：
段落细节配对：
28 One example from non-commerce/business settings that better system wins bigger stars F
29 One failed company that believes stars rather than system B
30 One suggestion that author made to acquire employees then to win the competition nowadays G
31 One metaphor to human medical anatomy that illustrates the problems of hiring stars. C
判断：
32 McKinsey who wrote The War for Talent had not expected the huge influence made by this book. NG
33 Economic condition becomes one of the factors which decide whether or not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees. YES
34 The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident instead of company’s management mistake. NO
35 Football clubs that focus making stars in YES
填空：
An investigation carried out on 1000 36 analysts of a survey by Harvard Business Review found a company hire a 37 star has negative effects. For instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the 38 working environment that they used to be. They move faster than wall street and increase their 39 salary. Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those 40 rivals within the team. Lastly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling his/her stock share.
雅思阅读小范围预测
文章题目Children's adults
重复年份20151219 0802 20111026
题材文学
题型选择 4+句子配对 4+判断 4+简答 1
文章大意讲了儿童文学。探讨了从成人角度去写儿童文学的视角不同。
文章题目Odd and curious money
重复年份20161103 0427B 0831
1120 20040529 200401310422090320050709
题材人文社科
题型单选 5，配对 8
文章大意本文主要讲解不同国家古老钱币的形状，作用和意义。
选择 5
14.
中国 19 世纪用的货币是：silver ingots
15. 泰国用虎骨做钱币的原因：it is hard to obtain
16. 用狗牙做项链：worth a higher value
17. 用鲸鱼的一部分项链：the chief of a tribe
18. Cross 货币如何制造的：pouring the melting iron in a sand mould.
配对 8
19. Tanumu..gin: 把银质奢侈品融化制成
20. obans：最重的日本货币
21. Penny: 形状不能打破，否则失去价值和灵魂
22. Cross：在津巴布韦地区依然沿用
23. 巴比伦货币：现代货币的来源
24. Japanese family tree：用在亚洲北部的几个国家 25. dog teeth: 给自己的新娘准备的项链
26. 鲸鱼骨：宗教意义和部落首领
文章题目An ancient city- Titris Hoyuk
重复年份20161022 20130829
题材考古
题型段落信息配对 5，填空 6，多选 2
文章大意本文主要介绍了 Titris Hoyuk 的城市规划以及建筑特点
答案参考：
段落信息配对 5
14. An introduction of the equipment applied by the archaeologists to
excavate
the site of itris. (D)
15. An explanation of the simple access to the research on the Titris city.
(C)
16. An account of how agriculture communities turned into urban cities.
(B)
17. An indication of the Titris people used the houses more than
residential
purpose. (F)
18. A mention of where loyal people lived. (A)
填空 6
19. In the centre of the residential building is a courtyard.
20.
A doorway gives access to the house where Titris lived.
21. The number of cooking areas indicates that extended families lived in
the house.
22. Archaeologists thought oval basins which are part of the house are
prepared for treating raw materials.
23. The researchers believed that the people in Titris turned sheep's wool
into fabric.
24. The Titris people have a tomb at home which is uncommon in present-day
buildings.
多选 2
Which are the TWO reasons for the growth of cities?
A. geographical locations
B. ambitious leaders
C. existence of communication network
D. desire for social communication
E. knowledge of building techniques
雅思阅读判断题Not Given套路
篇3：雅思阅读not given的八大考点
一、原文及题目只提到单件事物或状态的only题（only 出现在题目中）
eg 题目：小明只喜欢吃巧克力
原文：小明喜欢吃巧克力。
二、题目就事物的本质进行是非对错判断、而原文是第三者评述或感知
三、原文提到a b两事物、而题目涉及两者的比较关系、原文并没有在同一段落内表达。
四、a b两事物在题目中是比较关系、而原文只提到其中任何一部分答案。
五、原文任何设问句不作回答、而题目进行了是非对错判断。
六、原文有发誓、许诺、决心等动作状态限定词、而题目去除以上的限定成分。
七、原文仅仅表明题目状态的将来推测、而题目就将来状态做肯定与否定判断。
八、原文就规定时间内特定地域、特定范围、做出是非判断、而题目特意模糊了
以上特定因素、而转为一贯的是非判断题。
在做t f ng中确定考点词：
1、所有比较级及最高级
2、所有比较从句（more than/rather than/both..and../not only..but also../no..but rather/either..or../neither..nor）
3、隐含是非对错等比较判断。
4、所有的数字、时间、百分比、金钱符号、温度、密度
划出题目的中心词
a、常规定位词（句子主语、专有名词、人名、地句、时间、金钱符号、百分比、数字、温度、密度、特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号。
b、句意关键词
c、语法结构词
篇4：雅思阅读考点词
雅思判断题的考点大致可以分为四类：
第一类：比较考点。
也就是考查单个事物或者多个事物就某一方面特性的比较。
通常来说特征词有如下一些：横向比较：better similar another the other relative most;纵向比较：future next second latter。对于这类考点，考点词就是比较部分的关键词。例如：10-1-3 39.It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.
很显然，按照我们刚才定位词的原则来看，smaller companies应该是这句话实际的主语，因此我们可以用它来做定位词。至于考点词，因为此句刚好是比较考点，因此考点词就是easier。
第二类：数字考点。
顾名思义，只要是题干出现的数字、百分比、年份、时间区间等等，我们都可以称之为数字考点。
数字考点考察的内容，通常来说就两类，第一，数字的准确性;第二，百分比后的主题，或者说范围的准确性。例如：
10-1-2 25. The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.
定位词：Gothenburg European Council
考点词：30 years ago
第三类：绝.对考点。
标志词：any never always impossible immediately most every none all fully correctly absolutely等。
只要出现了绝.对的副词、形容词，那么我们的关注重点就应该是此类词语在原文原句中有没有相应的表达。
仍然以10-1-1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.
刚才我们已经判断出定位词是ancient stepwells, 而考点词现在来看就非常清楚了，就是all。
第四类：是非考点。
此类考点多半是陈述句，没有比较级的词语，没有数字，也没有绝.对的形容词或者副词。这类考点反而是雅思考试中占比重比较大的一类考点。因为变化或者考察的点比较分散，所以在这里不展开来讲。通常来说，是非考点的陈述句谓语部分是考点。
例如，10-2-3 37. The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.
记住：主语是定位词，谓语是考点词。这样的话：art historians 就是定位词，而conflict 就是考点词了。 如果文章说到冲突就对，说到一致就是错。
雅思阅读材料大集合：美国人整形为了自拍?
Plastic surgeons say they're seeing more patients who want facial surgery, and they attribute the rise to social media and the growing “selfie” trend.
据CNET报道，整形外科医务人员表示现在越来越多的病人想要进行面部整形，他们认为之所以会出现这种现象，是因为受到当下社交媒体和愈演愈烈的全民自拍风潮的影响。
In response to a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, one in three plastic surgeons reported seeing an increase in requests for facial procedures by patients who wanted to look better online. The doctors reported that between and , they saw a 10 percent rise in nose jobs, a 7 percent rise in hair transplants, and a 6 percent rise in eyelid surgery.
据美国科学院外科整形和再造外科学会发表的报道：接受采访的整形外科医院中，有三分之一的整形医师认为，越来越多的人想要进行整形手术，因为这些人都想在网络上看起来更美丽更英俊。医生表示，2012至间，隆鼻顾客多出10%，头发移植多出7%，双眼皮手术多出6%。
“Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, and the iPhone app Selfie.im, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before,” Dr. Edward Farrior, president of the academy, said in a news release. “These images are often the first impressions young people put out there to prospective friends, romantic interests, and employers, and our patients want to put their best face forward.”
“Instagram, Snapchat，还有iPhone应用Selfie.im等社交平台，均为图片社交，人们被迫仔细端摩自己的照片，用前所未有的自我批判视角对自己进行审视，”该学会主席爱德华?法里奥博士说道。“年轻人在网络上发布这些照片是为了结识新朋友，寻找艳遇，同事也能看到，所以前来整容的顾客都希望自己可以更上相。”
In part because of social media, surgeons reported that plastic-surgery patients are getting younger.
据报道，整形外科手术顾客呈低龄化趋势，而这或多或少和社交媒体都有些关系。
The annual poll queries a select group of the organization's 2,700 members to get a sense of the latest trends in facial plastic surgery. This year, 58 percent of the doctors surveyed said they saw an increase in patients under 30 coming in for plastic surgery and injections in the last year.
这项年度调查询问了这个学会的2700名成员，询问他们对于近来面部整容手术风潮的相关看法。今年有58%的医生表示，去年一年，越来越多的三十岁以下年轻女性前来接受面部整形手术和面部注射整容。
The study found that bullying is also a factor in young people deciding to get surgery, “but most surgeons surveyed report children and teens are undergoing plastic surgery as a result of being bullied (69 percent) rather than to prevent being bullied (31 percent).”
研究发现，受到欺侮也是年轻人决定整容的一个原因，“医患调查结果表明：青少年儿童整容病例中，69%是受到欺凌的结果，预防欺凌占31%。”
Women are still plastic surgery's primary customers, accounting for 81 percent of all procedures and injections, but men are increasingly becoming more interested in plastic surgery. Whereas women more often ask for facelifts and eye lifts, men are more interested in keeping their hair and combating wrinkles.
当今，女性仍为整容手术的主要消费群体，在所有疗程、注射等整容项目中占有81%，但男性对整容也越发感兴趣了。女性整容项目通常为拉皮，割双眼皮，而男性整容项目通常是生发和抗皱。
Meanwhile, in the under-35 category, the nose job remained the most popular elective surgical procedure for both genders, accounting for 90 percent of procedures in women and 86 percent in men.
与此同时，35岁以下的整容者不论男女都很中意美鼻，此项目占女性整容病例的90%，男性整容病例的86%。
Have your selfies ever made you feel self-conscious about the way you look?
你的自拍照是否曾经也让你对自己的容貌有所思考呢?
雅思阅读材料大集合：EQ高也是一把双刃剑
如同其他能力一样，情商也是一把双刃剑，既能作为成功的垫脚石，又能成为危害他人和社会的利器。下面就和我们一同来揭开高情商的阴暗面。
Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is the ability to read and understand emotions in ourselves and others. It is said that emotional intelligence accounts for 80 percent of one’s success.
情商也称EQ，是一种读懂自身和他人情绪的能力。据说一个人的成功80%取决于情商的高低。
That’s almost certainly an exaggeration. But ever since the 1995 publication of US psychologist and science writer Daniel Goleman’s best-seller, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, EQ has been seen by leaders and educators as the solution to many social problems. In some Western countries such as the US, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary, business and medical schools.
这一说法虽然略显夸张。但是自从1995年美国心理学家兼科学作家丹尼尔?戈尔曼的畅销书《情商:它为什么比智商更重要》出版以来，很多领导者和教育家都将情商视为解决诸多社会问题的关键。如今，在美国等西方国家，在中学、商学院和医学院中情商教学随处可见。
Anti-social behavior
反社会行为
EQ is important. But our enthusiasm for it has obscured a dark side, says a recent article in The Atlantic.
美国《大西洋月刊》近日刊登文章称，情商固然重要，但是人们的趋之若鹜却掩盖了它的黑暗面。
Weapon of mass emotion
操纵大众情绪的武器
Recent research and studies show that as people improve their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When someone knows what others are feeling, they can tug at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests.
最新研究表明，随着人们情商能力的提高，他们会更擅长操纵他人。当一个人能了解别人的感受时，他就可以撩动他们的心弦，促使他们做出违背自身最大利益的行为。
Does this remind you of those “managers” at pyramid scheme companies? Hundreds of thousands of otherwise cautious and rational people have been brainwashed by their impassioned speeches and become bankrupt as a result.
这是否会令你联想到那些非法传销公司的“经理”们?无数处事理智而谨慎的人被他们激情澎湃的演讲洗脑，最后却落得个倾家荡产的下场。
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. A study by the University of Cambridge found that when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered less of the content.
社会科学家已经开始研究情商的黑暗面。剑桥大学一项研究发现，当一名领导人充满激情地演讲时，听众不会太注意其传达的信息，并且记住的内容也很少。
Researchers call this the “awestruck effect”, but it may just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect, says The Atlantic article. Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacity to reason. If they have self-serving motives, or their values are out of step with our own, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon of manipulation and the results can be devastating.
据《大西洋月刊》报道，研咳嗽苯涑莆熬次沸вΑ保埠苋菀妆幻枋龀伞熬判вΑ薄I朴谡瓶厍樾鞯牧斓颊呋崛梦颐巧ナП姹鹗欠堑哪芰Α5彼遣彼嚼亩蛘咚堑募壑倒塾胛颐堑牟缓吓氖保樯叹突岜涑刹倏厮饲樾鞯奈淦鳎浜蠊豢吧柘搿
Hidden agenda
隐藏的动机
This is consistent with another recent study from Kyoto University. According to The Huffington Post, the study shows that “people with high interpersonal EQ influence others’ emotions based on their own goals”.
该观点与日本京都大学的一项研究成果不谋而合。据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，该研究表明：“高情商者会根据自己的目标去干扰他人情绪”。
A research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff shed more light on this dark side of emotional intelligence. According to them, emotional intelligence helps people disguise one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Emotionally intelligent people “intentionally shape their emotions to fabricate favorable impressions of themselves”, Kilduff’s team writes in the journal Research in Organizational Behavior. “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
伦敦大学学院的马丁?吉尔达夫教授带领一支研究小组揭开了情商的黑暗面。该小组称，人们为了谋取私利，会掩饰情绪，当面一套背后一套。情商高的人“会故意给人留下对自己有利的印象”。吉尔达夫率领的研究小组在《组织行为研究》期刊中写道：“采取策略来伪装个人情绪，同时为了达到战略目的而操控他人情绪，这些行为不仅出现在莎翁的戏剧中，在交易权力和影响力的场所也十分常见。”
It seems that to better understand the dark side of EQ, we need look no further than Shakespeare’s Macbeth or its modern adaption on TV: House of Cards.
看来，要想更好地了解情商的黑暗面，我们只需看看莎翁名著《麦克白》或者它的现代电视剧版——《纸牌屋》就够了
雅思阅读材料大集合：小睡一个小时的作用有多大?
The average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. Michael Mosley took part in an unusual experiment to see if this is enough.
It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has, on average, declined over the years.
This has happened for a whole range of reasons, not least because we live in a culture where people are encouraged to think of sleep as a luxury - something you can easily cut back on. After all, that's what caffeine is for - to jolt you back into life. But while the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected?
We wanted to see what the effect would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who normally sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be studied at the University of Surrey's Sleep Research Centre.
The volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep patterns. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an extra hour, the other group slept an hour less.
While we were waiting to see what effect this would have, I went to the John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford to learn more about what actually happens when we sleep.
In the Sleep Centre, they fitted me up with a portable electro-encephalograph, a device that measures brain wave activity. Then, feeling slightly ridiculous, I went home and had my seven-and-a-half hours of sleep.
The following day I went to discuss what had happened inside my head during the night with Dr Katharina Wulff.
The first thing she pointed out was that I had very rapidly fallen into a state of deep sleep. Deep sleep sounds restful, but during it our brains are actually working hard. One of the main things the brain is doing is moving memories from short-term storage into long-term storage, allowing us more short-term memory space for the next day. If you don't get adequate deep sleep then these memories will be lost.
You might think: “I'll cut back during the week and then make up for it at the weekend.” Unfortunately it doesn't work like that, because memories need to be consolidated within 24 hours of being formed.
Since deep sleep is so important for consolidating memories it is a good idea if you are revising or perhaps taking an exam to make sure that you're getting a reasonable night's sleep. In one study, people who failed to do so did 40% worse than their contemporaries.
Deep sleep only lasts for a few hours. My electrode results showed that during the night my brain went through multiple phases of another kind of activity, called REM sleep.
“This is the phase when you are usually paralysed - so you can't move,” Wulff explained. But the eye muscles are not paralysed, and that's why it's called rapid eye movement sleep.“
During REM sleep an extraordinary thing happens. One of the stress-related chemicals in the brain, noradrenalin, is switched off. It's the only time, day or night, this happens. It allows us to remain calm while our brains reprocess all the experiences of the day, helping us come to terms with particularly emotional events.
We get more REM sleep in the last half of the night. Which means that if you are woken unexpectedly, your brain may not have dealt with all your emotions - which could leave you stressed and anxious. Drinking alcohol late at night is not a good idea as it reduces your REM sleep while it's being processed in your body.
Back at the University of Surrey our sleep volunteers had finished their second week of the experiment. What we wanted to see was the effect switching from six-and-a-half hours to seven-and-a-half hours, or vice versa, would have on our volunteers.
Computer tests revealed that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were run.
Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were particularly interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers by changes in the amount that we had made them sleep.
”We found that overall there were around 500 genes that were affected,“ Archer explained. ”Some which were going up, and some which were going down.“
What they discovered is that when the volunteers cut back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, genes that are associated with processes like inflammation, immune response and response to stress became more active. The team also saw increases in the activity of genes associated with diabetes and risk of cancer. The reverse happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep.
So the clear message from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even just a little bit, it could make you healthier. ”Have a lie-in, it will do you good“ - that's the kind of health message that doesn't come along very often.
据英国睡眠委员会(Sleep Council)调查显示，英国人平均每天只睡6.5小时。为了验证这样的睡眠是否足够，迈克尔·莫斯利医生(Michael Mosley)参加了一项不寻常的实验。
近些年来，人们已经认识到了这样的事实：我们的平均睡眠时间正在逐渐减少。
这一现象的原因是多方面的，其中之一便是我们所处的文化让我们觉得睡觉是件奢侈的事情，可以轻而易举地缩减。毕竟，咖啡因的功能就在这儿了：把你唤回清醒的状态。然而，随着睡眠量的不断下降，肥胖和糖尿病的发病率却在大幅升高——二者之间会不会有一定关系呢?
我们想看看把平均睡眠时间增加一小时会有什么效果，于是邀请了7位志愿者参加我们的实验。这7个人平日的睡眠在6—9个小时之间。实验由萨里大学(University of Surrey)的睡眠研究中心负责主持。
我们将志愿者随机分为两组，一组每晚睡6.5小时，另一组睡7.5小时。一周之后研究者对两组人的血液进行检测，并调换两组的睡眠量，原来睡6.5小时的一组多睡一小时，另一组则少睡一小时。
就在我们等待实验结果的过程中，我来到位于牛津的约翰·拉德克里夫医院(John Radcliffe hospital)，看看我们睡觉时究竟发生了什么。
在该院的睡眠中心里，工作人员为我戴上一台便携式脑电图仪。就这样，我戴着仪器半觉好笑地回到家，睡了7.5个小时。
第二天，我来到医院，向卡塔琳娜·伍尔夫医生询问了我的情况。
首先，她指出我很快就进入了深睡眠。虽然听上去挺安详，大脑在深睡眠时其实在积极地工作，其中一件重要的事情便是将短期记忆转存到长期记忆中，从而为第二天的短期记忆腾出空间。如果睡得不够，一些短期记忆便会丢失。
你也许会想：“我在工作日里缩减睡眠，到周末再补上不就行了吗?” 遗憾的是，大脑的运行机制并非如此，因为记忆需要在最初形成的24小时内得到强化。
由于深睡眠对于强化记忆十分重要，复习和考试前睡够觉就很有必要。在一项研究中，那些在复习和考试前没能睡够觉的学生比同龄人表现差了40%。
深睡眠只能持续几个小时。我的脑电图显示，大脑在夜里经历了几个称为快速动眼睡眠(REM)的阶段。
“人处于这一阶段时通常是麻痹的，所以动不了。”伍尔夫解释道。但由于这时的眼部肌肉并未麻痹，因此这一阶段的睡眠称作“快速动眼睡眠”。
快速动眼睡眠时，我们的体内会发生一种奇特的变化：脑内的去甲肾上腺素(一种与压力有关的化学物质)会大量消失，使得我们能够在平静中对白天的经历进行再加工，从而更好地应对某些事件对我们造成的情绪影响。然而，无论黑夜还是白天，去甲肾上腺素只有在快速动眼睡眠中才能大量消失。
由于快速动眼睡眠更多地分布于后半夜，如果你在夜里突然醒来，大脑这时很有可能还没完全处理掉你的情绪，从而导致压力感和焦虑的产生。深夜饮酒可不是什么好事情，因为代谢酒精会缩短快速动眼睡眠的时间。
两周后，我们的睡眠志愿者们结束了实验。我们想看看，人在少睡一小时和多睡一小时时会有哪些变化。
计算机测试结果表明，少睡一个小时时，多数人在完成思维敏捷性的任务时显得力不从心。不过更有趣的还是血液的检测结果。
萨里大学的西蒙·阿彻博士和他的团队发现，睡眠时间的变化会影响基因的活跃程度。
“我们发现一共约有500个基因受到影响。”阿彻说。“有些变得更加活跃，有些则相反。”
他们发现，当志愿者的睡眠从7.5小时减少到6.5小时时，体内与炎症、免疫和应对压力相关的基因变得更加活跃，与糖尿病和癌症相关的基因也是如此。而当受试者的睡眠时间增加后，这些基因的活跃程度便减弱了。
因此，实验清楚地表明，对于那些睡不够7个小时的人而言，如果他们能够改变睡眠习惯，哪怕只是做出一点点改变，他们的身体都会变得更健康。“多睡会吧，对你有好处。”遗憾的是，这样的建议我们听到的太少了。
篇5：雅思阅读速读八大技巧
很多考鸭把雅思阅读题作为自己提高雅思总分的稻草，然而，奈何文章太长，题量巨大，1个小时的时间根本不够，讲真，native speaker也未必做得到。事实上雅思阅读考试的目的不是让你通读全文，而是学会提取阅读文章中的关键信息。跟着小站雅思君一起学习雅思阅读提分小技巧，学会一目十行的技能吧。
想要提高阅读速度，首先要知道文章中明显或者不明显的“逻辑信号”，它们在英语中又是如何表达的：
雅思阅读速读技巧1：因果关系，看果
在文章当中，“因为”引导的内容，往往是一段陈述或铺垫，“所以”引导的内容，才是结论和总结。所以速览时，我们可以暂且把“原因”的部分略过，先看“结果”的部分，从而减省把握文章重点的时间。
引出“原因”的常用表达：because, because of, as a result of, result of, due to, thanks to, owing to, since, for, grateful for等，如：
“Since employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for one may not for another.”
(剑桥雅思真题6, Test 3, Reading Passage 2)
“Since”所在的前半句是原因，关键看后半句的结果(结论)。
引出“结果”的常用表达：so, therefore, hence, thus, result in, lead to, consequently, as a result等，如：
“Such findings suggest that one person’s equity is another’s inequity, so an ideal should probably weigh different inputs and outcomes according to employee group.”
(剑桥雅思真题6, Test 3, Reading Passage 2) ：重点看“so”所在的后半句;
“Speech is often unclear and ambiguous. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’s written comments on the non-verbal behaviours of the participants, and about the context in general.”
(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 3, Reading Passage 3)：重点看“therefore”所在的第二句。
雅思阅读速读技巧2：转折关系，看但是!
“让步”的内容再豪华，都敌不过一个“但是”。这个道理很显浅，就不多作解释了。而快速浏览文章时，我们就可以暂且只看“转折”部分的内容。反之，遇到“让步”的内容，我们则可暂时忽略不看。
(1)常见表“转折”的说法
常见表“转折”的说法还有：but，however，nevertheless，yet，nonetheless等，如：
“Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout northwestern India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse…”
(剑桥雅思真题10, Test 1, Reading Passage 1) ：无论前面说了什么，也改变不了“the majority (of wells)”被弃用的现实。重点显然在转折词“but”之后。
(2)引导“让步”的常用说法
引导“让步”的常用说法有：whereas，although，though，while，whereas，despite，in spite of，for all等，如：
“Where as most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power – the rate at which an athlete can expend energy.”
(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1) “whereas”所在的半句为让步状语从句，重点看另一个半句(转折的内容)。
雅思阅读速读技巧3：递进关系，看后句
所谓递进，即前后保持一致意见的情况下，后者在态度和语气上更进一步。故，读懂后者，即可得知前者。速览文章时，重点先读递进后面的内容。
常见表达“递进”的说法有：furthermore，moreover，not only…but also…，in addition等，如：
“The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts. ”
(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 2) 即便不读前面的句子，光靠“Furthermore”后面递进的内容也可知，精神病学家预测：会执行高伏电击的人是少之又少的。
雅思阅读速读技巧4：关注承上启下，找关键句
承上： 以“代词”或“所以”为开头的段落首句，一般都是承接或总结上一段话的内容。借助这样的句子，可以得知上一段话的内容重点。如：
“代词”开头：
“These research findings are exciting. There is growing evidence in New Zealand that…”
(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 3, Reading Passage 1) 这是文中最后一段的开头。
从首句的代词“These”可知，首句是对上一段内容的承接，并可知上一段讲述的是一些“exciting research findings”。
“所以”开头：
“Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system…”
(剑桥雅思真题8, Test 3, Reading Passage 3) 从段落首句的“Thus”可知，首句是对上一段内容的承接，而并非本段内容的重点。
启下：“问句”和“量词+复数词”通常是引出下文，通过它们能了解所在段落或紧随其后的段落的内容重点。如：
“问句”： “What were the actual results? (借此问句可知本段的重点是“actual results”)Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit in repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’ actually do in the laboratory of real life?
(最后的问句揭示，后面段落的重点内容是解释“this vast discrepancy”的原因)” (剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 2)
“量词+复数词”：“Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.”
(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 3) “four factors”告诉我们，接下来的段落中，重点应该是关于这四种因素的描述。
篇6：雅思阅读速读八大技巧
“what”经常用作表目的或具总结性的句子的开头，因此，遇到what开头的句子要多看两眼，如：
“…If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was ‘you have no other choice. You must go on’. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.”
(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 2) 原文中，此段很长，但全部都只是属于一次实验过程的描述。最后才以“what”为开头的句子，总结性地道出了实验的目的，使得此句成为全段重点。
雅思阅读速读技巧6：不看：换句话说
“换句话说、也就是说”意味着后面的内容与前面一致或是对前面的解释，因此只用看前面的内容即可。
常见的表达有：that is (to say)，i.e.，namely，put another way，in other words等。如：
“The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘public good’, rather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself.”
(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 3) 略掉“Put another way”后面的内容，只看前面。
雅思阅读速读技巧7：不看：论据内容
为了论证观点，文章中经常会大量出现各式各样的论据，但它们并不是文章的重点。故概览文章时，论据可以先忽略不看。而常见的“论据”形式有：
含“举例”的句子：for example / instance，e.g.，such as，like等;
含“数据”的句子：百分比(%，percentage)，描述统计结果的数字;
引用名人/专家言论(直接/间接引语)的句子：特别是“引号(‘’)”中的内容;
以some，a few，others等表达“某些”的单词为开头的句子。
雅思阅读速读技巧8：排除标点符号的干扰
冒号(“：”) / 一个破折号(“-”) ，引出解释，看前面。如：
“冒号”：
“In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that ‘an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realized in the ranks of its ancestors’.”
(剑桥雅思真题10, Test 4, Reading Passage 3)
“一个破折号”：
“...plyometrics focuses on increasing power – the rate at which an athlete can expend energy.”
(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1)
两个破折号 / 括号：信息插入或解释，不用看。如：
“两个破折号”：
“For the so-called power events – that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump – times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent.”
(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1)
“括号”：
“This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image (a later development).”
(剑桥雅思真题9, Test 4, Reading Passage 2)
看到这里，烤鸭们是否有点感觉了呢?现在，我们就以一个完整的段落，来演示一下这些信号词是如何帮助大家节省阅读时间的吧：
(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1)：
Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. For the so-called power events - that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump - times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent(数据). In the endurance events(具体到某类运动，类似“某些”的用法) the results have been more dramatic. At the 1908 Olympics. John Hayes of the U.S. team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18(数据). In , Morocco's Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42(数据), almost thirty per cent(数据) faster. (虽然段落原本有点长，但借助各类小信号，我们能快速地把文段删减一大半，最终只剩下第一句话，那么自然，阅览的时间也就跟着缩了一大半。)
有了这些信号，我们就能更快速地掌握各段落大意，了解文章结构，不仅读文章快了，找答案时也能更有目的性，能避免在与题目不相干的段落里浪费时间，答题准确率自然也会有所提升。那么，这些信号，今天你掌握了吗?友情提示：“信号”虽然能很大程度上协助阅读，但语言本身是灵活的，任何“信号”都只是一个参考方向，并非时刻万能。最重要的，还是要大家多练多积累，提升自身综合理解能力。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
The Triumph of Unreason
A.
Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”， in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B.
The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past， such as obtaining food and mates， and confronting or fleeing from threats， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C.
One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University， in Pittsburgh. In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists， Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D.
In a study， the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task， the researchers first presented the product and then its price， with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage， which also lasted four seconds， they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment， the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)。 This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain， as an indication of its activity.
E.
The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F.
When the price appeared， however， fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G.
Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex， too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer’s reaction to both product and price， rather than to price alone. Thus， the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex， and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H.
People’s shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex)， even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives， as orthodox economics suggests happens， people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I.
That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time)， the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded. Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit， though， may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards， coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise， may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。
J.
Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour， such as miserliness and extravagance， experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether， in the same individuals， buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does， then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods， and recreational drugs， that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Questions 1-6
Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the increasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.
2. Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.
3. George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.
4. The more active the nucleus accumens was， the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.
5. The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.
6. When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good bargain， people tended to purchase coffee.
Questions 7-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.
7. Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?
A. The process which people make their decisions is rational.
B. People have a clear idea of their best interests in any situation.
C. Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.
D. People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.
8. The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means__________.
A. people’s behavior of buying luxurious goods
B. people’s behavior of buying very special items
C. people’s behavior of being very mean in shopping
D. people’s behavior of being very generous in shopping
9. The three researchers are now designing the future experiments， which test
A. whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain in response to products.
B. whether buying an item with credit cards eases the pain of the same individuals compared with paying for it by cash.
C. whether the abstract nature of credit cards may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。
D. whether the credit cards may subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable but with a terrible effect.
Questions 10-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
To find what happens in the brain of humans when it is deciding things to buy， George Loewenstein and his co-researchers did an experiment by using the technique of fMRI. They found that different parts of the brain were invloved in the process. The activity in …10… was greatly increased with the displaying of certain product. The great activity was found in the insular cortex when …11…and the subject decided not to buy a product. The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex seemed to associate with both …12…informaiton. What interested Dr Loewenstein was the …13… of the assessment of the product and its price in different parts of the brain.
Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1. the nucleus accumbens， the insular cortex， and the medial prefrontal cortex：
大脑的不同部位 (皮层，皮质等)
e.g. cerebellar cortex 小脑皮层cerebral cortex 大脑皮层
2. hone：
珩磨，磨快，磨练，训练使。。。更完美或有效。
3. subvert：
毁灭，破坏;摧毁：
4. piggyback：
骑在肩上;在肩上骑
5. deferment：
推迟、延迟、分期付款
6. aftertaste：
余味，回味事情或经历结束后的感觉，特指令人不快的感觉
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13
1. TRUE
See the second and third sentence in Paragraph A “Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.”
2. TRUE
See the third sentence in Paragrph B “ Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases.”
3. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph C “In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt.”
4. TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragrph E “Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.”
5. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph F and G respectively “Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the view.
篇7：雅思阅读判断题考点总结
【雅思阅读题型】雅思阅读判断题考点总结
一、对于是非无判断标准的界定和出题点
先让我们来看一下是非无判断题中对于TRUE的定义
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
望文生义，这里对于TRUE的定义是题干的言论符合或者与文中所提及的信息一致。因为雅思阅读文章和题干间存在着普遍的同义词替换和同义转述，那么这里所谓的“一致”到底指的是什么呢?一般而言，我们可以从题干的主体和延展性描述两个方面去判断。
第一，题干的主体是指句子中的核心主语或者主题，实战考试中往往是通过同义词替换或者同义转述来迷惑考生，增加辨别难度的。如果再仔细辨识后发现连这个部分都不一样，那就应了中国的那句俗语：驴唇不对马嘴，自然不能判断成为TRUE。
e.g.:
题目：Many lecturers get satisfaction from their work.
文章：The majority of lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.
文中的rewarding来自reward, 表示“有意义的工作”，即get satisfaction; 而原文的the majority of(绝大部分)完全能够包含题目的many(很多)。如果可以发现题目和文章的同义替换的部分，相信不难判断出该题为正确。
第二，题干的延展性描述也是判断的重点，有的时候我们猜中了开头却没有猜中结尾，虽然主体一致，但是对于主体行为的延展性描述却是差之千里，这种时候也不能判断为TRUE。但是有一种情况大家要特别留心，那就是对于文章信息合理的推断和归纳，这种情况也是可以给到TRUE的判断。
e.g.:
题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whetheror not a suspected criminal is caught;
文章：It has been proved that a rapid response leads to a great likelihood ofarrest only if it is 1-2 minutes after a call is received by a police. When theresponse time increases to 3-4 minutes， the likelihood of arrest is substantially reduced.
文中虽然没有直接说出“1-2分钟的反应时间的延长影响抓捕率”，但是我们可以根据文中信息进行合理推断，得出题目中的结论。所以对于该题的判定也是正确的。
综上所述，只有题干同时满足这两个条件，才能认定是和文章描述“一致”，最终判定为TRUE。
接着，我们来从理论上重点区分一下FALSE和NOT GIVEN
FALSE if the statement contradicts theinformation
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell这两位雅思界的泰斗对FALSE和NOT GIVEN的区别做出了如下说明：
“If you write “FALSE” as your answer, you are saying that the informationexpressed in the question is the opposite of that presented in text. This isquite different from a “NOT GIVEN” answer, which says that you can find nothingin the text about the information.”
细心的同学不难发现，上文中的“opposite”一词点出了“FALSE”和“NOT GIVEN”的根本差别。也就是说选FALSE还是选NOT GIVEN, 关键是看题目的表述和原文的表述是否对立，若判断为对立，那就应该选FALSE。
针对于FALSE的出题点，可以细分为以下几种：
①题干与文章内容直接对立
这种出题形式比较简单直白，通常是反义词、反义的转述和否定结构，请结合例子来理解。
e.g.:
题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
文章：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.
可以看出题目与原文是反义结构。原文说一个物种死光光，才叫灭绝，而题目说还有一个个体存活，就叫灭绝，题目与原文直接相反，所以答案应为FALSE。
②题干中出现过于绝对的词(比如：only/all/never/must等等)
一般而言，学术性文章不会把话说得特别“死”，总要给后面的研究留有退路和余地，所以大分都是采取比较保守、客观的说法。因而含有过于绝对的词的描述往往是错误的，但是也不排除偶尔有些文章的表述中包含绝对描述，实战时请验证原文的描述之后判断。
e.g.:
题目：The biological functions of forests were recognized only in the twentiethcentury.
文章：The other aspects(这里指biological functions)have been recognized for a few centuries.
文章中说森林的生物功能已经被认可了好几个世纪了，而题目过于绝对地认为仅仅是在20世纪森林的生物功能才被人们所认识到，因而判断为FALSE。
③题目将原文中视作猜想和推测的部分上升为客观事实或已被证明的理论，请看以下的例子。
e.g.:
题目：It is a fact that the melting of ice caps in both south and north polesare worsened by worldwide increase in temperature.
文章：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are melting polarice caps.
题干中讲到“It is a fact”, 强调是一个客观事实，而文中仅说到一个理论“Another theory”,而我们知道，“理论”并不等于“事实”，所以此题判定为FALSE。
④原文中的表述有限制条件，但题干中去掉了条件成份，人为地扩大了陈述适用的范围。
e.g.:
题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.
文章：The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool inthe hands of young computer users.
文中讲到“in the hands of young computer users”, 而题目中却把这个条件去掉了，当范围被扩大后，原文的理论并不一定可以适用，所以此题应选FALSE。
最后我们来看一下NOT GIVEN的判定
细分了FALSE之后我们再看NOT GIVEN就显得简单得多了，通常情况下判定为NOT GIVEN的题目是指题干与文章的表述并不对立，只是题干的信息在原文中找不到相对等的表述，或者刻意地缩小了信息适用的范围，以下各举一个例子来说明。
1. 题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及，或在原文中找不到依据。
e.g.:
题目：The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes.
文章：The Mayans also showed their respect for hurricanes by building theirmajor settlements away from the hurricane-prone coast line.
稍微粗心一点的考生还是有判断错误的可能性，因为题目和文章中有了大量关键词的重合，貌似讲的是同一个话题的事情。而事实上题目中的重点“玛雅人由于飓风失去了很多住宅”，在文中并没有任何涉及，所以此题为NOT GIVEN。
2. 信息范围缩小：(也就是说文中讲到的范围大而题目的范围小)
e.g.:
题目：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from the UK.
文章：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from Europe.
这道题是典型地缩小了信息范围，文中的“Europe”在题目中变成了“UK”, 信息范围大大缩小，所以为NOT GIVEN。很多考生可能对于这个判断原则无法理解，所以我们可以换个角度想：既然原文中说旅客来自欧洲，那么旅客就可能来自于欧洲的任何地方，比如，可能来自英国，也可能来自法国或者其他国家。所以我们就无法判断题目的信息到底是对的还是错的，因此，此题的答案应为NOT GIVEN。
这里再稍稍区分一下YES /NO/NOT GIVEN, 其实我个人觉得是换汤不换药，都是一回事儿。但是，本着格物致知的态度，如果说硬是要区分它们和TRUE /FALSE /NOT GIVEN的话，只能再移步看一下前者的理论定义。
YES if the statement agrees with the claims ofthe writer
NO ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writerthink about this
由定义可知，两者的区别在于前者是“是否与作者的陈述相一致”，而后者是“是否与文章事实相一致”，判定方法是相同的。
二、实战中对于“镜像”策略的使用
在实战考试中，是非无判断题这种题型仍然是隶属于细节题的范畴之内，所以常规的关键词定位，缩小信息搜索范围的方法依旧可以适用。因为该方法在其他题型的教学中已经广泛运用，这里就不再一一赘述了。
当考生已经能够准确定位信息所在的段落甚至某个句子之后，判定成为了唯一的难点。纵使已经清楚地了解了上述所有理论，在实战中还是或多或少会觉得不够高效。所以，这里我针对理论基础中提到的对立，提出寻找题干“镜像”的判断策略，并且实践证明所谓的“镜像”理论在判定FALSE的时候尤其有效。简而言之，题干就是文章的双生兄弟，那么FALSE的题干就相当于文章在照镜子，但是镜像是左右相反的。那么对于判定FALSE就有了比较简单粗暴而又有效的方法，即思考一下题干的逆命题，再带着这个逆命题去文章中找“一致”。如果找到了，那么说明该题干可以判定为FALSE, 否则在排除了TRUE的情况下，可以判定为NOT GIVEN。
最后辅以一个例子进行实战演习：
e.g.:
题目：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside theEuropean Economic Community.
文章：Those confined to particular geographic areas, such as countries borderingthe Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded. However,this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.
解析：关键词定位完全无压力，利用Nordic就可以办到。接着我们来看，题干是说Nordic countries的(森林)问题会被排除在外不做讨论是因为这些国家在欧洲经济社区之外，那么所谓的镜像应该就是这些国家的(森林)问题被排除在外，不是因为什么“欧洲经济社区”的划分中不包含这些Nordic countries。由文章可知，真正的理由是因为“geographic areas”地理区域的划分，刚好符合题干的镜像在文章中有所体现，因此该题判定为FALSE。
最后，如果将理论和实践相结合，相信考生们会比较容易掌握是非无判断题的出题点和做题方法。
雅思阅读快速找出答案的方法介绍
一、三点相符原则检查答案
匹配题除了配标题外，还有匹配句子开头或结尾形式，或图表标题与图表部分相匹配的题型。
总而言之，所给出的答案必须与所匹配部分的内容相一致。
三点相符原则在确定答案正确性方面帮助极大。如果在匹配过程中找出三个逻辑上相同点既可确信答案正确无疑;两点相同，准确率也应在80%以上;一点相同，就须根据语法知识及相关信息加以判断。
二、利用例句确定答案在文章中的位置
如能在一组题内先查看例句及最后一个问题，并确定例句的关键词语与最后一个问题的关键词语在文章中的位置，即可确定其它各题的答案一定是处在它们之间的段落内，从而缩小了搜索答案的范围。
这种方法特别适用于填空题(GAPFILL)，而且也适用于其它题型。
三、掌握句子顺序上的变化
问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。
还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
四、查找同义词、近义词、相关词
在IELTS阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。
1.词形完全相同
2.词义相同，即同义词
3.词义相近，但并非同义
4.词义相关
上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，第一种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相 对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
五、猜读词义
IELTS测试时不许用词典，而且也没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。
猜测词义要从两方面着手：
1.根据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。
2.如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的(POSITIVE)，还是否定的 (NEGATIVE)，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了。
六、优先查看数字
在文章中，数字是极容易找到的，如果在问句中出现数字时，可优先将数字作为标示牌在文章中找出答案的位置。需注意有时问句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表达
七、查看附带的图表、示意图
在IELTS阅读测试时，经常在一篇文章中带有图表或示意图。这些图表一定包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，也就是说有的答案就在这些图表中。
因此，在阅读文章时一定要对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。
八、长句短读
长句短读：即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。
这种能力的培养对IELTS阅读测试帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。
九、图表形式出现的问句
如果问句是以图表形式出现，那么图表栏目中，应标有一些文字题目，这些词/短语可用作关键词语。所以在答题时应细读图表中的词/短语，从而清楚地知道是何种问题，如何回答。
雅思阅读选择题有哪些做法
读题方法：拿到题，读题干，如果表达明确，不读选项!直接拿定位词做题。原因很简单，选择题的选项4个中有3个是来干扰的。我们如果让这些无用的信息来占用大脑资源势必会让自己感觉疲劳，甚至做不完题。事实上，85%以上的题干都是很明确的。
如果遇到了非要读选项不可的题目，阅读方法为先纵看，各选项的动词对比，名词对比，然后观察其差别。这样会极大节省脑力资源，辨清各个选项差别。
解题技巧：做选择题时有些技巧，结合做题效果很好。
技巧：
1、选择题答案往往是含糊的、概括的。直白、清楚、指代明确的选项往往是干扰。
2、题干和原文有同义词转换的多数都是答案。
3、外表相似的，逻辑相反的选项答案就在其中。
单选题技巧：
1、顺序原则：按照顺序依次作答。定位原则：以题干为主，选项为辅进行定位。
2、排除法：如果无法确定正确选项，那么需要运用排除法，将错误选项排除。排除错误选项的方法：混(混淆非解)、反(和原文相反非解)、无(文章没有谈到非解)。
3、同义替换为解：选项和原文为同义替换、一般为解。
多选题技巧：
解题技巧：一般要求从多个选项中选择2-3个选项。注意答案的填写形式，如果是多道题目，那么要将每个答案和题目对应。
雅思阅读对错题有哪些做法
辨别对错题答题步骤：
1、可利用语法、词法判断答案所在相关句子的肯定与否定含义。
2、仔细查看文章中关键词语所在句子中的含义。必要时应查看关键词语所在句子前后句子的含义。认真区分false和not given，false与原文相反、相冲突;not give则不相冲突，但未提及。
3、找出问句中的关键词语。
4、利用关键词语在文章中确定答案位置。
5、确切理解问句的含义，严格按照文章本身意思理解和推断，不要想当然。
6、详细阅读并理解答题指引部分，确定答题方式。
篇8：托福阅读八大考点暗示需掌握
托福阅读解题有技巧 八大考点暗示需掌握
一、例证：注意关键词语或短语，如such as ，for example等。
文中涉及基本概述之后是由 such as ，for example 等引导的短语或句子结构处为例证的出题原则。托福的阅读文章多是学术性的议论文 ，这样就会出现“论证结构”，题目的设问方法为“文中某个例子的为了说明什么?”这类句子常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。 For example , for instance ,such as ，“:”是这类题型的标志，出现For example一定会有考题，但是出现for instance ,such as ，“:”的地方不一定有考题与之对应。
二、重要位置的转折：转折词语和其出现位置是重点。
在文章前四行或每段首尾句出现的以but, however, nevertheless ,rather than ,on the other hand 为标志的转折时，有两种情况：一是，有考题;二是，揭示文章主题。Nevertheless 是这几个词汇中出现考点率最高的，but 和 however次之。
三、固定背景：重点留意文章内容。
文章中涉及殖民地北美文章和印第安人文章内容时，多半出现考察文章内容的题目，提问方式和正确答案的设计相对固定。
其中，殖民地北美文章一般都是议论建国之处美国历史，内容涉及城市发展，经济发展，艺术和农业等几个方面，所有这些反映的主题都美国在不断取得重大进步。这类文章的第一句话一般就点明文章的发生时间和议论主题。印第安人文章，由于历史的原因，对于这类文章，内容都是积极，赞美和肯定。主要赞美的方面有：建筑、艺术、社会和农业。而对建筑的赞美可以总结为“高级的，复杂的”; 印第安人的艺术堪称一绝，它们的审美价值和使用价值都很高;印第安人的社会可以概括为“主治严明、分工明确。”
四、定义： 整体把握句子的上下文，采用就近原则寻找答案。
主要是针对一个不易理解的或者容易混淆的难词、概念进行诠释、解释或定义。只要有定义，这里必定有考题。下定义的出题原则对应三种出题模式：行数题、正确答案是定义的改写，正确答案符合定义的例子。这里需要注意同位语及插入，平行结构，带有破折号的地方：注意的信息点为 that is，i.e.，or 等词汇引导的名词词组。一般会出“细节性题目”。
五、列举：锁定信息点是集中列举的关键;整体把握文章关键句是分散列举的要点。
一般来说，原文提到三种以上的现象称为列举。 列举有集中和分散列举。需要注意的地方为：名词列举，对应列举，句子列举和重复再现式列举，分散式列举。
六、比较： 注意句式和一些特殊词汇或短语。
compared with , the most X.X, favorite 等。
文章的首尾句出现同级比较、比较级、最高级，特别是最高级的时候很有可能出现考题。
七、因果： 注意因果词汇和句型。
文章各段首尾句(主要是全文首尾句)出现因果关系时常涉及考题。
常用的因果结构或者词汇如下：
(1) 因果连词：because ，since，for，as ，therefore ，so， consequently等
(2) 表示因果的动词：cause ，result in ，originate from等;
(3) 表示因果的名词：basev,basis,result,consequence等，这些因果句都是指明某两个事件之间因果关系的.因为通过出题可以考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系。
此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。
八、特殊标点符号：理解文章内容和快速确定答案的小钥匙。
一些特殊标点的含义也是考题出现的位置，需要加以注意。 它们是：
(1) 破折号，表示解释.考细节性问题;
(2) 括号，表示解释.考细节性问题;
(3) 冒号，一股同上，有时冒号也表示列举，则考”EXCEPT"题目;
(4) 引号.表示引用，考细节性问题，出现这个符号必有考题。引号的作用是引用和强调;
(5) 惊叹号，表示作者感情，考态度性问题。
托福阅读备考除了需要借鉴参考一些做题小技巧，更需要我们加强日常练习与反思，收获阅读能力和分数的同步提升。
托福阅读真题回忆
Passage One
学科分类：历史
题目：16世纪欧洲人口和经济
内容回忆：
首段：16世纪欧洲的人口增长带了经济的增长，增加的人口带来了劳动力，从而带来了生产力，乡镇里经济状况好了，农民收入高了，为很多农民的孩子提供了工作，但后来随着大量劳动力的流入，形成劳动力泛滥，公认的实际工资开始下降，购买力逐渐降低，只有摘葡萄的农民的收入还可以维持，因为他们保持最强壮的劳动力。再后来政府经济出现了严重的财政赤字，政府也试图寻求解决方案。
词汇题： abruptly=suddenly,
Disruptively=disorderly
Passage Two
学科分类：植物学
题目：emergant(一种植物)
内容回忆：一种生长在热带地区的植物，生长得比其他植物都高，在接收太阳光方面占据很大的优势，在森林地区昼夜间的温度都不一样，而且根据地理环境不同温度也不同， 海拔高的温度底，森林中空旷地区的温度相对比被覆盖的温度要高一些。 这种植物虽然光照多，但也有负面影响，1，暴露于强风中，易被蒸发 ，容易干枯，2，受强大雨的迫害。 这种植物起初并没有长得这么高 而是在相对低一点受其他植物覆盖着的环境中，相对温度，湿度都保持稳定， 但几年后突然开始变高，并存在于完全不同的环境中，很多专家不能理解，这种植物是如何进行过度的。
词汇题：
1. intensively=strengthen
2. Retains=keeps inside
3. Sheltering=protecting
4. Massively= 有待补充
Passage Three
学科分类： 历史
题目：罗马价值的降低
内容回忆：罗马当时非常强大，侵占了欧洲的大部分地方，它对其他地方的影响不是通过军事，也有语言文化方面的影响。在每一个罗马刚被侵占的地区， 罗马都要让当地人了解并融入和习惯罗马的城市生活。在建筑方面，很多当地人保留了自己的建筑风格，所以很多建筑很结合了很多特点，也就很难分清，每一种建筑属于那种特色。
词汇题：
Founding=establishment
托福阅读长难句：消失的化石
At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups. (52, TPO5)
paleontologist /?pe?l??n?t?l?d ??st/ n. 古生物学家
descendant /d?'send(?)nt/ n. 子孙，后代
我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。
At one time, the animals (present in these fossil beds) were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms (that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period), (leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.)
分析：
修饰一：(present in these fossil beds)，形容词短语，修饰animals，注意是放在后面哦
中文：存在于这些化石床中
修饰二：(that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period)，从句，修饰body forms
中文：出现在Cambrian时期早期，并在这个时期末期前消失
修饰三：(leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.)，非谓语动词修饰前面的主干
中文：在现代动物群组中没有留下后代
主干：most paleontologists now agree that，that后面整个宾语从句，从all到groups
参考翻译：
曾经，存在于这些化石床中的动物被分配到各种现代动物群组中，但现在大多数古生物学家都同意：所有Tommotian的化石代表了出现在Cambrian时期早期并在这个时期末期前消失独特的化石形式，在现代动物群组中没有留下后代。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
篇9：雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析
雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析
一、雅思阅读的出题思路
雅思阅读主要考查考生寻找细节信息(Specific Information)和对文章大意(Main Idea)的理解能力，不同的题型需使用不同的阅读技巧。例如大意题型中最具代表性的标题配对题型(List of Headings)，阅读时应采用skimming和skipping相结合的阅读技巧。在快速阅读时不仅要明白作者真正的写作目的，知道作者是在对某一事件或现象等进行描述(Describe)还是在通过对比、推理、预测等提出观点(Argue)，与此同时要能够跳过一些细节信息(如例子、解释说明、过程的描述等具体细节内容)，准确把握每一段的主题句，理解段落大意。这种题型其实是考查考生对英语学术类文章惯用的写作思路，即Deductive(推论演绎)和Inductive(归纳总结)的认识，进而通过了解文章布局理解文章内容。而在处理细节信息题型的时候，无需通读全文，考查的是考生对文章细节内容的寻找能力，主要学会使用Scanning的阅读技巧到文中去快速准确定位题目对应信息即可。实际上这类题型就是考查考生对定位词(Locating Words)的掌握和辨认能力，定位不准就会直接影响答案的准确性，约90%的题目都要借助Scanning来完成。
针对以上两种题型的出题思路，广大考生应从根本上不断加强阅读技巧的训练，尤其是Skimming 和Scanning，把泛读和精读相结合，了解主题句的特点及主题句在段落中的分布情况，并学会分析和预测文章结构，积累各类相关的雅思阅读话题。在做细节题的过程中，要牢记定位词的特点，不断分析总结定位词的规律，以便有效提高解题的速度和准确度。因此，雅思专家建议考生在答题之前，一定要先大概预览一下文章主题及题目类型，预测文章结构，决定阅读方法和做题顺序。
二、雅思阅读的考点
在了解了雅思阅读的出题思路后，我们再来看看它的具体考点。只有清楚掌握各种题型的特点，考生才能其出题目的和考查重点，有的放矢。专家分析认为，阅读题目主要从两个方面来考查考生的阅读和解题能力。
首先，雅思阅读题目很大程度是在考生的词汇掌握情况。其中包括同义近义词 (Paraphrasing)的转换、识别能力，以及对一词多义的掌握程度。阅读涉及话题广泛，文中又有大量专业词汇，很多考生担心会因此影响阅读速度和对文章大意的把握。但是，只要我们稍加对剑桥真题进行分析就不难看出，无论是总结摘要、是非无判断还是图表题，同义近义始终贯彻其中。并且涉及的词汇都不是难度较大或生僻的专业词汇，都是一些常用的高频词汇，专业词汇大多都是文章载体或作为定位词存在，绝不会以考点的形式存在。例如在剑5Test2的第二篇文章Questions21-23是让考生完成一个标签图，图中所示的是3个被笑话激活的大脑部位，出现了Right prefrontal cortex和Orbital prefrontal cortex这样的专业词汇，两个专业词汇并不是出题者的考察目的。通过分析比较就会发现3个题目里分别出现了lights up， become active， is activated 这3个短语，这才是题目的真正考点，考察“激活”一词在文中的不同表达方式。除此之外还考查了题目中link to和文中be critical、is involved with和文中is associated with的替换。
一词多义也是雅思阅读对词汇的一个考点。比如在剑5 Johnson’s Dictionary一文的题目中就出现过shade一词，除了表示荫凉处之外，它还有表示微小、细微的意思，原文正是取了shade的第二种也是考生不太知道的意思，在文章中和subtlety进行了替换。再如account for， interpretation，也是在剑桥真题里常出现的词。account for有表示在数量上占……的意思，interpretation则有翻译的意思，但是大多考生只知其一不知其二，其实这两个词都还有表示解释说明的意思，而且剑桥题目里也多次考的也是这层意思。
同义近义转换，可能是词与词之间、短语和短语之间，也可能是句子与句子之间的。想要能更好地熟悉和把握这些词汇，重在日常积累。做完练习之后，把文中特别是真题中的文章和题目中出现的同义近义转化进行对比分析，整理成文以便复习，一词多义也是同样的道理。长此以往，定会对题目中的考点词相当熟悉和敏感，快速把题目信息和文章内容对应起来。
其次，雅思阅读的第二大考点是考查考生对文章、对问题的结构和内容的整体把握及应用能力。从真题中我们可以发现，绝大多细节题是可以通过定位词直接定位的，但是也有部分题目定位词并不明显。遇到后面这种情况，专家建议考生应该立即改变解题策略，从文章结构上下功夫，通过文章内容的组织特点和题目意思进行定位。文章性质决定文章结构。比如剑4 Test 2 Lost for Words，通过对标题和副标题的分析可推断，文章内容一定会谈到少数民族语言的现状、消失的原因、可能会造成的影响以及可能采取的挽救措施。这也是在谈论负面话题时不可缺少的4要素，这样即便题目的定位词不明显，我们也可以根据意思去推测其在文章中可能对应的段落。由此看看出，雅思阅读文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度，但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。因为学术是严谨的，在形式上它有一套严格的规范，如果能准确把握各类文章的布局思路和特点的话，必能举一反三，事半功倍。
就题目本身而言，考生应该通过审题，明确各种题型的考点所在。看到流程图要，知道主要是考查我们对过程和步骤的认识;看到是非无题型，是考查我们寻找定位词和对句子意思的理解能力;看到总结摘要题型，是考查我们对全文或者文章部分内容的理解能力……但是，不管是什么题型，都一定会出现同义近义转换。
雅思阅读解题技巧分享：结构阅读法
1. 浏览文章的必要性
我并不否认很多情况下做题不用浏览文章。通常先阅读题目，然后通过题目中的关键词到文章中定位，最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些题型，单纯依靠定位就不合时宜了，即使侥幸做对，那也是自欺欺人。例，如目前颇有大展其鼓之势的段落细节配对题。简而言之，此题型就是出题者给出一个细节，然后要求答题者找出细节所在的相应段落。若用定位法，势必整段逐行搜寻，耗时耗力，效率等同于通读全文，更何况有时还未必能找到题干中的相同词语，而是需要靠做题者自己去归纳。例如“剑四”52页30题题干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”，在文章相关段落中很难甄别出上述信息。还有T/F/NG题中，虽然题目顺序与原文答案出现顺序一般保持一致，但也不能完全排除顺序打乱的情况出现，例如“剑五”19页8-13题。要做出这些题，那就非读文章不可了。
2. 结构阅读法
那么雅思文章该怎么读呢?首先，我们来看看雅思权威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell两位专家是怎么说的：
“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”
按照他们的说法，雅思阅读就是考察学生在读长文章时筛选信息的能力，即read discriminately，知道哪些是重要信息必须细读，哪些是无用的，可以忽略。雅思考题的设计思路不仅是为了测试考生的语言水平，更在于帮助考生培养起一套适合英联邦大学教学观念的学习方法。在英国念文科的同学都会有这样一种共识，那就是一学期要看很多书，写很多essay，有的同学虽然很刻苦，整日地泡在图书馆里做书虫，但还是读不完reading lList中的必读书。再对比周围英国同学，他们不见得比我们刻苦，却很能掉书袋，写出的essay理论功底更深。学习效率的高低正是由阅读方法的差异造成的。中国学生从小接受英语精读教学，咬文嚼字，看书喜欢一页页地细嚼慢咽。就个人阅读习惯而言，这种读法无可厚非，但若是做学问，这就不是正确的方法了。而英国学生读书，总是先浏览目次、摘要等信息，然后阅读索引，找寻需要的信息，所以他们一本书通常读一天甚至于几小时就够了。同样雅思的文章，也没必要逐字逐句的读，而是要了解作者行文时的构思以及写文章要达到的目的。如果做题前就能对文章的思路了如指掌，那就好比站在了作者的高度，定位时也就不会出现无的放矢的碰运气了。
雅思阅读解题技巧分享：平行阅读法
雅思平行阅读法介绍
首先，应明确雅思阅读的顺序性：所谓顺序性是指题目答案的在文章中出现的先后顺序.大题之间是无序的，而一类题中的几个小题之间是有序的.例如：一篇文章中有三种题型，第一种是选择(1-3)，第二种是T/F/NG(4-7),第三种是summary(8-11).按照以上的规律则表明，第一种题型之中即1-3题是有序的，而第4题在文章中的位置就不一定在第3题后面，也许在第一题后面或第二题后面.所以，抓住阅读文章的顺序性是很重要的.
下面介绍平行阅读的方法：
假设此篇文章有11道题，且11道题的答案在文章中出现位置的顺序如下：
....1....4............
........2.......3.....
5......8......9.......
6......10.....7.......
.........11...........
从上面的文章中可以看出，题型一、二、三之间是无序的，但每个题型之中的小题是有序的，即1-3，4-7，8-11是有序的.
方法：第一步，我们先带着第一类型的第一题和第二类型的第一题即(第1题和第4题)去阅读文章，首先，我们在读第一行的时候能碰到第1题的答案，此时，我们精读，把第1题做出.
第二步，我们在做出第1题后，带着第一类题型的第二小题和第二类题型的第一小题即(第2题和第4题)去读，然后在阅读的时候找到了第4题，精读，做出之后带着第一类题型的第二小题和第二题型的第二小题即(第2题和第5题)去读.在第二行能找到第2题的答案，精读，做出之后带着第3题和第5题去读.然后看到了第3题的答案，精读，做出第3题.此时第一类体型已经做完，于是，我们就带着第5题和第三类题型的第一小题去读，即(第5题和第8题)去读......这样就能一次性把阅读做完，能节省不少时间.
雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析
篇10：雅思阅读判断题的考点解析
雅思阅判断题考点解析
就理论层面而言，当题干信息中出现比较考点时，针对比较双方、比较内容以及比较关系这三个要素，如果有任何一方在原文当中缺失，这道题目就是NOT GIVEN;而如果这三方均在原文中有对应点，则根据比较结果的方向来判断答案是TRUE或FALSE。
举例而言(请根据以下不同原文，分别判断题目答案)：
题目：小明比小刚矮。
原文1: 小明是身高160cm。
原文2: 小明和小刚是同学。
原文3: 小明比小刚体重轻。
原文4: 小明比小刚高。
如果根据前三句原文，这道例题的判断结果都是NOT GIVEN;而对应第四句原文，结果便是FALSE。
这道题目很简单。就题目而言，在句子中出现了明显的比较关系，且其中比较双方分别是小明和小刚，比较内容是身高。前三句原文在不同程度上缺失了比较考点三要素中的部分内容。原文1缺失比较关系以及比较的另一方，原文2缺失比较关系及比较内容，原文3缺失相同的比较内容。只有第四句原文同时具备所有要素，因此根据原文与题目的结果方向不一致，判定答案为FALSE。
我们来看一道真题(剑6 Test 2 Q40)：
题目:Early peoples found it easier to count by using fingers rather than a group of pebbles.
原文：It is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s fingers.
这道题目的答案是NOT GIVEN。你答对了嘛?
原因和判断依据很简单，在题目当中出现了比较关系，比较双方分别是using fingers和a group of pebbles，比较内容是计数的容易程度。而原文当中虽然提到了比较双方以及计数这件事情，但是并没有出现双方之间的比较关系以及容易程度这一比较内容，因此属于要素缺失，答案为NOT GIVEN。
在掌握了比较考点的基本形式和评判依据后，老师在最后给大家留个小悬念：
在很多同学的眼中，当题干出现比较考点时，如果答案为TRUE，就一定意味着原文出现比较级或最高级。但事实如此吗?
Of course not!
实际上，在阅读题目当中，比较关系有显性和隐性之分，直接出现比较级的形式只是显性比较关系的体现。除此之外，还有一些隐性比较关系的情况会出现在题目当中。今天，我们来罗列以下三种情况：动词、数值以及变化。
1. 动词
一般情况下，表示上升下降类型的动词也可以表达比较关系。
例：
题目：There are more people than before.
原文：The population is increasing.
这道题目的答案很显然是True。虽然原文并没有直接出现比较级，但是increase这个趋势性的动词体现出了人口一直增长的含义，意味着靠后时间的人口数量一定大于靠前时间的人口数量，比较关系成立。同样的道理，如果原文表示的是The population is decreasing，而题目信息表示There are fewer people than before，这个对应关系仍然成立。
2. 数值
除了动词的对应之外，出现不同数字的罗列也可以表达比较关系。
例：
题目：A is older than B.
原文：A is 2 years old and B is 3 years old.
这个例子也非常简单，答案是False。在题干信息中出现了关于年龄大小的比较级，而原文只是出现了两个不同的年龄数字。但是这个简单数字大小的对比结果对于大家而言都是显而易见的。
3.变化
在了解了动词和数字所对应的比较情况后，我们再来看一看变化类的词所体现的比较考点。
例：
题目：The population has changed.
原文：There are more people than before.
这道题目区别于之前的例题，在题干信息中只体现了变化的概念，但是变化性对应到原文当中可能会出现比较级或是其他比较关系的对应。比如，在上述例题中，原文中表示现在的人比过去的人多，题目表示人数发生了变化，这类信息对应关系成立，答案为True。
雅思阅读考试技巧：快速找答案
1.长句短读
长句短读：即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。
这种能力的培养对IELTS阅读测试帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。
2.利用例句确定答案在文章中的位置
如能在一组题内先查看例句及最后一个问题，并确定例句的关键词语与最后一个问题的关键词语在文章中的位置，即可确定其它各题的答案一定是处在它们之间的段落内，从而缩小了搜索答案的范围。
这种方法特别适用于填空题(GAPFILL)，而且也适用于其它题型。
3.优先查看数字
在文章中，数字是极容易找到的，如果在问句中出现数字时，可优先将数字作为标示牌在文章中找出答案的位置。需注意有时问句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表达。
4.查找同义词、近义词、相关词
在IELTS阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。太傻教育助力雅思高分
1).词形完全相同
2).词义相同，即同义词
3).词义相近，但并非同义
4).词义相关
上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，第一种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
5.猜读词义
IELTS测试时不许用词典，而且也没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。
猜测词义要从两方面着手：
1).根据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。
2).如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的(POSITIVE)，还是否定的 (NEGATIVE)，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了
6.掌握句子顺序上的变化
问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。
还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
7.查看附带的图表、示意图
在IELTS阅读测试时，经常在一篇文章中带有图表或示意图。这些图表一定包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，也就是说有的答案就在这些图表中。
因此，在阅读文章时一定要对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。
8.三点相符原则检查答案
匹配题除了配标题外，还有匹配句子开头或结尾形式，或图表标题与图表部分相匹配的题型。
总而言之，所给出的答案必须与所匹配部分的内容相一致。
三点相符原则在确定答案正确性方面帮助极大。如果在匹配过程中找出三个逻辑上相同点既可确信答案正确无疑;两点相同，准确率也应在80%以上;一点相同，就须根据语法知识及相关信息加以判断。
9.图表形式出现的问句
如果问句是以图表形式出现，那么图表栏目中，应标有一些文字题目，这些词/短语可用作关键词语。所以在答题时应细读图表中的词/短语，从而清楚地知道是何种问题，怎样回答。
雅思复习备考，考生一定要找到适合自己的学习方法，这样才能高效率的掌握雅思，最终在考试中取得好成绩。太傻教育助您突破雅思考试瓶颈，短期备考拿高分。
雅思阅读：美国独立宣言
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而，当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时，人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府，并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过，也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠王国的历史，就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史，其直接目标就是要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴政。为了证明上述句句属实，现将事实公诸于世，让公正的世人作出评判。
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.
他禁止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律，要不就先行搁置这些法律直至征得他的同意，而这些法律被搁置以后，他又完全置之不理。
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律，除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己在自己在立法机构中的代表权;而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的，只有暴君才畏惧它。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他把各州的立法委员召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而有远离他们的档案库的地方去开会，其目的无非是使他们疲惫不堪，被迫就范。
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people.
他一再解散各州的众议院，因为后者坚决反对他侵犯人民的权利。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ;whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.
他在解散众议院之后，又长期拒绝另选他人，于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归由普通人民来行使，致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和内部骚乱的种.种危险之中。
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.
他力图阻止各州增加人口，为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其他鼓励移民的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.
他拒绝批准建立司法权利的法律，以阻挠司法的执行。
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.
他迫使法官为了保住任期、薪金的数额和支付而置于他个人意志的支配之下。
He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.
他滥设新官署，委派大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民，吞噬他们的财物。
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.
他在和平时期，未经我们立法机构同意，就在我们中间维持其常备军。
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
他施加影响，使军队独立于文官政权之外，并凌驾于文官政权之上。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
他同他人勾结，把我们置于一种既不符合我们的法规也未经我们法律承认的管辖之下，而且还批准他们炮制的各种伪法案，以便任其在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队;
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.
不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪，他可用加审判来庇护他们，让他们逍遥法外;
雅思
【雅思阅读not given的八大考点】相关文章：
1.雅思阅读资料
2.雅思阅读逻辑关系
3.散文阅读考点分析
5.雅思阅读考试要点
8.雅思阅读总共几题
9.雅思阅读考试技巧
10.雅思阅读做题方法
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