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提高雅思阅读分数的窍门

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“招财猫的小铃铛”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇提高雅思阅读分数的窍门，下面是小编为大家推荐的提高雅思阅读分数的窍门，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

提高雅思阅读分数的窍门

篇1：提高雅思阅读分数的窍门

提高雅思阅读分数的窍门

一旦你掌握了一些基本规律――即所谓的“黄金法则”――做雅思阅读就再也不会感到困难了.在你懂得并应用这些基本规律之后,你便可轻松迅速的提高分数.我们的目标就是帮助你掌握这些规律、战胜雅思.

一.文章的选择

首先,我们要简单探讨一下雅思考试中所用文章的范畴.雅思文章的总是集中在商业、社会科学和基础科学领域.出题者总是喜欢选择非常具体的题目.可能考生对这些题目的背景知之甚少.但稍后你会发现,你并不需要这样的知识.事实上,如果你试图依靠背景知识答题才会有麻烦.如果你对此题目知之甚少,不必担心.你很快就会知道如何应对并得出正确答案.

此外,雅思出题者总爱用很多数字、数据和专业的术语.雅思极其细节化.这看来可能会使考生无法招架.但实际上这些信息只是我们的工具和朋友.你不必记忆文章的全部内容.事实上,因为雅思考试出题者总喜欢将注意力放在具体的细节上,在阅读时几乎没有必要理解其“文章大意”.绝大多数问题都与文章中出现的具体信息有关.答案都摆在你眼前!几乎不需要自己的推理.一旦你知道怎样适当的阅读,就会很容易找到答案.一旦你知道怎样定位,你的成绩自然也会提高.

二.应试者会遇到的主要问题及如何应对

因为,我们说过后面也还会具体分析到,所有的答案都摆在你眼前,窍门就是找出它们.如果我们有一整天的时间阅读,这可能不是什么问题.很遗憾,我们的时间有限,仅有一个小时.时间问题就显得尤为重要.我们绝不能紧张和慌乱.相反,你要做的仅仅是在阅读的同时应用我们的黄金法则.在看的同时,了解你要找什么――我们稍后会对这一方法详细解释――能解决这一问题.再强调一遍,放松、不要读的太快.速度应适当.

另一个可能的问题是词汇量.如我们所说过的,雅思考试中所用的词汇可能非常专业,有时甚至很复杂.即使如此,这一问题也很容易解决.所有需要理解的关键词汇在文中都会给出解释.如果没有解释,这个词就很可能并不重要.甚至如果有问题问到了你不熟的词,也是有办法解决的,这一点会在后面讲到.

三.考试的结构

本部分包括三篇文章,每篇后有13-14个问题.这些问题一般分为八种(略去-译注),但也存在一些变化.对每类题型都有不同的办法.当然也有一些适用于所有题型的基本方法.下面我会先谈谈这些基本方法,即“黄金法则”,之后再用更大的篇幅讨论每一题型的具体方法.

四.普遍规律(A-G)

A.所有的答案就在你眼前

雅思与其它标准考试(如GRE)不同,它仅考查语言.这对于应试者意味着什么呢?这表明,雅思考试并不考查你的推理能力.出题者不会给你提供信息然后让你基于这些信息得出结论.相反,他们给你提供信息并问你这些信息.基本上,他们都是让你重复刚刚给你的信息.答案就在你眼前!

雅思备考时要注意培养的三个能力

一、养成二次阅读习惯，培养逻辑推理能力

很多书上要求学生学会分析文章的结构，其实就是要求学生提高逻辑推理能力。在平时练习中，学生做完阅读，惟一可做的就是对答案，事实上，纠正答案后对文章的再次阅读往往至关重要。遍读文章时，我们应当模拟考试的紧张气氛，尽量高质快速。但，对完答案后，我们有充足的时间再次阅读文章。第二次阅读文章我们的目的不在是获取信息，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析作者的意图。我们必须带着思考再次阅读文章，问问自己以下问题：

如果自己写同样题目或题材的文章，会采取何种文章布局?如我们自己设想的布局与作者不同，那么具体不同之处在何处?这篇文章与以前读过的同体裁文章相比，有何特点?

也许有人会说，这样的训练不就成了精读课了吗?如果时间允许，二次阅读成了精读，又有何不可?讲求速度的范读是考试而用，要想真正培养逻辑推理能力，提高阅读水平，还非精读不可。文章的是永远读不完的，如果想着去读200篇各种模拟阅读题，倒不如踏踏实实读50篇历年真题。另外，地道的文章分析多了，对自己写文章布局谋篇也不无好处。

二、自己学写长句，克服长难句障碍

几乎每一篇阅读，总有一两句长难句。有许多同学这样分析那样分析，可就分析不出什么名堂。听力好的同学不一定发音好，可发音好的同学一定听力好。同样，能写出长难句的人当然不会怕什么长难句。

同学们应当做的是找一本好的语法书，认认真真学习句子结构那部分。英语的句子主干往往并不复杂，只是其粘着修饰成分过多。我们一开始应当学会怎样写出简单的基本句型，然后再通过附加各种从句、插入语、非谓语形式，来逐步扩充句子结构。

分析长难句与扩充句子正好是反其道而行之，我们必须一步步“砍”去插入语、各种从句、非谓语形式，来获得句子主干。所以只要“欲简之必先扩之”，我们与其寻求各种长难句分析法，不如先学会自己写长句。

三、文章归类阅读，考前复习有奇效

阅读文章成千上万，怎样从有限中把握规律才是关键。阅读文章总是按照每套试题四篇文章分布，于是众多学子也就按部就班。可是如果我们把自己读过的所有文章按照主题分类，比如分为校园类、医学类、家庭类、环境类等等，到了考前，再按类别复习这些文章，我们不仅能系统掌握某一类别文章常用的词汇，也能把握该类文章的结构特点和出题规律。

篇2：如何提高雅思阅读分数

雅思如何打破阅读5.5分魔咒——阅读篇

把握好填空题

其实对比输出单项的写作和口语，作为输入单项的阅读，想要实现5.5到6的突破其实不难。从评分标准来看，阅读单项5.5分是做对20-22个，而6分则是做对23-26个——仅仅需要多做对1-6个题。而这6个题的正确率到底可以从哪里得到保证呢?

雅思阅读一共涉及到16个题型。根据不同的考察侧重点，可以分为细节题和主旨题，细节题只会涉及到原文的1-3句话，而主旨题会涉及到整个段落甚至整篇文章，因此显然细节题比主旨题简单。而根据不同的答题方式，这16个题型也可以分为填空题和非填空题。做过题的同学们肯定都知道，填空题需要大家定位到文章具体的1-3句话上，因此填空题可以判定为细节题，填空题是简单的。所以，各位同学，请大家首先一定把握好填空题，保证100%的正确率，为band 6打好基础。

填空题一共涉及到8个子题型，且每次考试必有，请大家擦亮眼睛识别好，分别是label the diagram(填图)、complete the flow-chart(填流程图)、complete the table(填表格)、answer the question(简答题)、complete the sentences(填句子)、complete the notes(填笔记)、complete the summary without a box(填空型摘要)以及complete the summary with a box(选择型摘要)。

那么如何能够保证填空题百分百的正确率呢?各位同学需要注意以下六点。

第一、关注好题目要求，“明察暗示”。

填空题一定会有这样的题目要求“Choose ONE WORD ONLY / NO MORE THAN X WORDS from the passage for each answer”,这里如果是“NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”(for example)，那么一定至少有一个空填的是两个单词;而“from the passage”即“原文原词”，但不仅仅是“copy exactly“，且也不能把文章当做语料库对原文单词进行自由组合。

第二、小“title”大用处。

上述6种填空题几乎都会给大家“title”，请大家务必先用其定段，会节约很多时间。要知道在雅思阅读考试中，时间真的是金钱和绳命。

第三，“顺序性”原则不能忘。

然而遗憾的是只有complete the flow-chart(填流程图)、answer the question(简答题)、complete the sentences(填句子)以及complete the notes(填笔记)这4种填空题有严格的顺序性，但依然可以好好利用，帮助我们来定位。

接着的三点开启简单粗暴模式。

第四、每道填空题选取两个关键词用来定位，空前一个，空后一个。

第五、回文定位时一定要定位到那两个关键词同时存在的地方。

第六、接着通读关键词所在的完整句子，完整句子，完整句子。

把握好判断题

因为判断题在雅思阅读中属于必考题型，题目数量较多但难度较小，做对的几率还是比较大的。

首先，判断题有着严格的顺序性，请大家在定位时务必好好利用起来。

其次，一定要按照题目要求来写答案。虽然在做题时TRUE/FLASE 和YES/NO的判断原则一致，但是写答案时如果将TRUE写成了它的好基友YES，是不得分的，FALSE与NO同理。

第三，也是最重要的一点，拿到判断题第一步并不是急吼吼地去定位，而是通读题干，弄清楚题目要让你判断的是什么。

背单词

所谓石头剪刀布，奶茶配珍珠，单词配阅读，而雅思阅读对于单词的要求只有一个维度，即看到后马上反应出准确的中文意思，也就是通常所说的“认知单词”。《四级词汇》是必须每一个都要知道中文意思的，因为它们会出现在题干里。《雅思词汇》记忆起来偏难，大家尽量背。

雅思双语阅读：英国饮食文化早餐篇

Today people in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever before. As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips.

今天，人们在英国吃了更多样化的饮食比以往任何时候。以及区域饮食的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，许多移民社区介绍了他们的菜以前unadventurous英国人：中国，希腊，印度，意大利，泰国，美国快餐食品，如比萨饼，汉堡包和炸鸡已在一定程度上取代传统的快餐店的炸鱼和薯条。

Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country. Nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of England have proved successful. In the west of England the traditional drink is cider , rather than beer. Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.

由于气候和日耳曼起源及其早期的许多人，英国一直是传统上喝啤酒，而不是葡萄酒的饮用国。然而，近年来，葡萄园在英格兰南部的已证明是成功的。英格兰西部的传统饮料是苹果酒，而不是啤酒。英国作为一个整体，但是，传统的饮料是茶。

今天我们来详细介绍一下英国的早餐。

The most famous meal in Britain could be the traditional breakfast. What makes it so popular with British people and visitors alike?

在英国最有名的一餐可能就要数早餐了。为什么它会这么受英国人和游客的喜爱呢?

英式早餐全餐(British Breakfast)，比其他国家的正餐还要丰富，绝非只有牛角包配果酱咖啡的欧式早餐(Continental Breakfast)可比。这份早餐俗称the fry-up，因为里面多是煎炸的食物：香肠(sausage)，腌肉(bacon)，蘑菇(mushroom)，番茄(tomato)。除此之外，还有土司(toast)，英式烤饼(scone )，茄汁焗豆(baked beans)等食物。

吃英式早餐，鸡蛋是不能少的。鸡蛋通常有四种烹调方法。

Fried 煎

英国人煎蛋，通常只煎一面，蛋黄生生的，俗称“太阳蛋”，也就是美国人口中的 sunny side up

Scrambled 炒

Boiled 煮

是把鸡蛋连壳直接放进水里煮，熟透的叫做hard-boiled，半熟的叫做 soft-boiled

Poached 炖

是把蛋去壳后用温水煮，煮出来的蛋内生外熟，形状不一。

英式早餐茶

Accounts of its origins vary. Drinking a blend of black teas for breakfast is indeed a longstanding British custom. The practice of referring to such a blend as “English breakfast tea” appears to have originated not in England but America, as far back as Colonial times.

英国人喝早餐茶的习惯事实上是英国长久以来的传统。只是“英国早餐茶”这一说法却不是从英国而来的，而是从殖民地时期从美国而来。

English Breakfast tea is a black tea blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, and/or rich, and blended to go well with milk and sugar, in a style traditionally associated with a hearty English breakfast. It is the most common style of tea in Britain.

英国早餐茶是由集中红茶以一定比例拼配而成，是一种口味醇厚，香味浓郁的饮品。适合搭配牛奶和糖。与多姿多彩的英式早餐相得益彰。是英国最常见的一种茶。

雅思双语阅读：美国城市压力排行，芝加哥居首

美国城市压力排行芝加哥居首

Chicago most stressed city in U.S., Miami least: poll

An image of Chicago. A survey by Harris Interactive found Chicago is the most stressed city in the nation.

Striving to attain that perfect life, work balance? You're not alone, but if you live in Chicago you're more unlikely to find it with residents of the Windy City the most stressed in the United states.

A survey by Harris Interactive found Chicago is the most stressed city in the nation, followed Houston, Boston, Los Angeles and San Diego, while Miami is the least stressed, along with Dallas/Fort Worth, Las Vegas, Cincinnati and Minneapolis.

“It is (due) to a combination of different things. There wasn't one thing that made Chicago stand out but they were the ones who had the least attainment of life balance,” Harris Interactive spokeswoman Regina Corso told reporters.

“In other cities, some by leaps and bounds, their residents have managed to attain some level (of life balance).”

Washington DC, despite its concentration of politicians and high-powered wheeler-dealers, came 12th in the poll of 25 cities, ahead of New York at No. 17 but lower than Denver, San Francisco, Tampa or Seattle on the stress scale.

“I expected to see a different order,” admitted Corso. “But maybe people in Chicago are trying to do too much.”

She attributed Miami's low stress levels to its proximity to the sea, warm weather and laid back attitude.

Nearly three quarters of Americans questioned in the Life Balance Barometer Survey commissioned by Princess Cruises said they have not discovered how to juggle work and personal priorities, but 53 percent believe they could achieve it in the next five years.

Financial pressure was the leading cause of stress among the 1,539 people questioned in the online poll, with getting fit and losing weight coming a close second, followed by failing to complete the to-do list and concerns about unemployment.

Although more than half of Americans said they want to get fit, only 17 percent used exercise to relieve stress.

The most popular methods to calm down at the end of the day were changing clothes, laying down, kissing a spouse or partner, playing with a pet and reading a book or magazine.

Vocabulary:

Windy City：风城，指芝加哥。早在1886年，Windy City(芝加哥)的说法就已被媒体接受，而且，当时所言的windy绝无贬抑之意，而是特指芝加哥的宜人气候。每到夏季，湖区凉风阵阵，芝加哥成为美国人的避暑好去处，Windy City(风城)由此得名。

stand out: 引人注目，脱颖而出

by leaps and bounds：very rapidly(飞跃地，非常迅速地)

high-powered：having great power or energy; dynamic(有权势的;精力旺盛的)

wheeler-dealer：one who advances one's own interests by canny, aggressive, or unscrupulous behavior(商界或政界的工于心计的人，进行复杂交易的人)

laid back：free from stress; easygoing; carefree(无忧无虑的，随和的)

juggle：to manage or alternate the requirements of (two or more tasks, responsibilities, activities, etc.) so as to handle each adequately(尽力同时应对，同时做)

你一直在追求生活和工作的完美平衡?不止你一人这样想。但如果你生活在芝加哥，这一美好的愿望可能较难实现。据调查，这座“风城”是美国压力最大的城市。

哈里斯互动调查公司开展的一项调查发现，芝加哥是美国压力最大的城市，休斯敦、波士顿、洛杉矶和圣地亚哥位居其后。而迈阿密则是美国压力最小的城市，达拉斯/沃思堡、拉斯维加斯、辛辛那提和明尼阿波利斯也在此列。

哈里斯互动调查公司的女发言人雷吉娜•柯索在接受记者采访时说：“这是多方面因素造成的。并不是某一个因素造成了这一结果，但芝加哥人的生活平衡程度最低。”

“在其它一些城市，当地居民能够在工作和生活之间达到一定程度的平衡，其中有些还是飞速发展的城市。”

尽管华盛顿是政界和商界精英的聚集地，但该市在25个受调查城市中中仅列第12位，位于纽约之前(第17位)，但在丹佛、旧金山、坦帕以及西雅图之后。

柯索称：“我没想到是这样的一个结果，但也许芝加哥人太努力了。”

她认为，迈阿密之所以压力小，可能与它靠海，气候温暖以及当地人悠闲的生活态度有关。

近四分之三的美国受访者称他们还没找到兼顾工作和生活的好办法，但53%的受访者称自己可以在五年内实现这一目标。这项“生活平衡晴雨表调查”由美国“公主邮轮公司”委托开展。

共有1539人参加了该在线调查。经济压力被认为是导致压力的主因，保健和减肥紧随其后，没完成计划以及担心失业次之。

尽管半数以上的美国人称想要强身健体，但仅有17%的受访者通过锻炼减压。

在一天的劳累之后，人们常通过这些方法放松：如换衣服、躺下休息、亲吻伴侣或爱人、和宠物玩耍或看看书和杂志。

篇3：如何通过精读提高雅思阅读分数

雅思阅读备考丨如何通过精读提高雅思阅读分数

雅思阅读备考中精读的好处

提升词汇知识，包括学科核心生词，同义词替换等;

掌握更多句法，学会分解读懂长难句;

学习文章结构，提高雅思写作水平。

总之，精读文章是放长线钓大鱼，坚持下去，会实现词汇、句法上的突破，提升阅读成绩以及写作水平。

具体怎么精读?

在精读前，大家要准备好剑桥真题、铅笔、荧光笔、笔记本等工具，然后按照词汇、句子、篇章、题目的顺序依次进行分析。

词汇：实在不认识就蒙+猜，

对很多考鸭来说，雅思阅读中最大的bug莫过于生词太多，所以大家首先要突破生词障碍，才能读下去。大家可以将不认识的词，用荧光笔标注序号并整理到单词本中。

那么问题来了，

是不是逢生词必查?

查词是不是只需要记住意思?

除了生词，还需要记什么?

1.查清楚并掌握生词是必要的，但首先要猜词，因为真正的考试中不允许带字典等其他工具。那么怎么猜词?

大家可以通过上下文的时态、逻辑关系或词根词缀猜测出生词的意思。

如剑4,Test1,Passage1：

Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about 'pure' curriculum science.These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted,

but organized, conceptual framework,making it and the

component ideas,some of which are erroneous, more robust

but also accessible to modification.

如果你不认识这一段中的multifaceted一词，那么我们可以联系上下文猜测它的意思，我们看到前面提到这些误解不是isolated ，再通过but这个转折，可以判断multifaceted应该是与isolated (单独的)相反的意思，并且multi-是一个前缀，表示 “多”的意思，所以可以猜出multifaceted是“多层面”的意思。

然而，并不是每个生词都需要记住：

如果因为不认识某个词就看不懂这句话，那一定要查并记住这个词;

如果一个生词并不影响你理解这句话，那就根据时间安排选择是否识别记忆这个词，不需要死记硬背。

2.中国考鸭习惯记生词只记其对应的中文意思，但如果你想真正地掌握这个词，就应该掌握它的具体用法包括搭配，尤其是动词，从而将来能灵活运用到写作中去。

3.除了记生词外，我们还要积累文中出现的同义词。同义替换是雅思阅读的考察重点和出题点，另外大家也可以借鉴到雅思写作中去，别忘了词语多样性是写作评分标准之一哦!

4.在精读几篇同类文章后，如生物类文章，将其中学科核心词汇整理到一起，以后再遇到生物类的文章，就能够快速读懂。

句子：雅思阅读中存在很多长难句，许多烤鸭经常是云里雾里，搞不清楚句子中谁是什么成分、谁在修饰谁，分分钟被绕晕。

但对于长难句，我们不需要抽丝剥茧，只需要简单粗暴地抓主干，切割主谓宾，即搞清楚：谁，做了什么。在三个成分中，谓语最好找，一般就是动词词组构成。

篇章：这是玩套路的Part!

我们要从宏观角度弄清文章段落逻辑，这个文章怎么就长成这个样子?

搞清楚每个段落的大意及主题句，文章段落间的逻辑关系(划出逻辑标志词)，文章整体结构是如何展开的，通过分析，你就会发现雅思阅读文章“套路”满满!

套路一：读头读尾，找出每段中心句!

以剑4,Test1,Passage1为例：

Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about'pure' curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas,some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.

这一段的首句为主题句，下面的内容是具体展开的阐述。

套路二：雅思阅读一身学术范儿，文章也是有模板!

雅思阅读的学术性特点限制着文章结构必须符合一定的学术规范，所以文章层次结构相对固定。

根据剑桥真题系列，学术类阅读大致可分为两类：说明文和议论文。该表格对雅思阅读两种类型的文章结构做了简单分析(大家参考一下)：

我们以说明文为例，开头段一般是引出主题介绍现象、概念或陈述事实，所以多用叙述描写性语言;主体段对事物细节展开描述，各种话题可通过三种不同方式展开，包括时间顺序、并列或递进(从各个侧面来介绍)、逻辑发展顺序，最后结尾段说明问题接下来会怎么发展，进行总结。

掌握这两个套路，我们就能抓住每段的主旨，了解文章的段落布局，那么在解决雅思两大超难题型---list of headings和段落信息匹配就能较快地定位到答案处。

题目：一切不以做对题拿到分为目的的精读都是耍流氓!所以对于题目的精读是重中之重!

细读题目具体操作：

1.看清题目要求

如遇到判断题，考生要看清题目要求答案需要写的是true or false or not given还是yes or no or not given，如果该写TF却写成Yes或No,是会扣分的。

2.读懂题干指示

有的题目已经明确给出答案所在的范围或者相关提示语和关键词，所以大家要根据题干指示，快速地定位到文中答案处。

3.总结同义替换

将题目中的词汇与在文章中所对应的替换点全部找出来，并记在笔记本上，不断积累复习。

但你也不要忘了

雅思阅读注意事项

1.靠多刷题来提高阅读不如踏下心来好好精读分析剑桥真题，要善于总结，总结段落大意、文章结构的开展、答案出现的地方等。

2.真正的雅思考试中需要你快速地处理问题，所以在平时阅读练习中要快慢结合，详略得当，略读和扫读(skimming & scanning)以及精读配合使用，快准狠地找到关键信息。

3.一味地死背单词是没用的，对于生词要灵活掌握，因为阅读中的题目往往是文章内容的同义替换，并不是个别词的明显对应，所以你不仅要掌握一个生词的同义词，还要掌握同类词和相似表达等。

4、词法知识基本功要扎实，断句划分句子结构是需要掌握一定词法知识的，否则在读到复杂的句子抓主干时就会很吃力，想提高填空题正确率也更困难。

雅思阅读每日一练：科技和教育引领终身学习

It is easy to say that people need to keep learning throughout their careers. The practicalities are daunting

WHEN education fails to keep pace with technology, the result is inequality. Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive, workers suffer—and if enough of them fall behind, society starts to fall apart. That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial revolution, heralding state-funded universal schooling. Later, automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates. The combination of education and innovation, spread over decades, led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity.

当教育跟不上技术进步时，就会造成不平等。在创新到来之际，工人如果没有技能使自己对雇主仍然“有用”，他们就会遭殃。而如果落后的工人太多，社会就开始崩塌。这一根本性的洞见极大影响了工业革命时期的改革者，推动了国家资助全民教育的普及。后来，工厂和办公室自动化又引发了大学生人数猛增。教育和创新相辅相成，历经数十年，令繁荣之花耀眼绽放。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

keep pace with 跟上

innovations 创新

fall behind 落后

Industrial Revolution 工业革命

surge 飙升

prosperity 繁荣

Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution. This time, however, working lives are so lengthy and so fast-changing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough. People must also be able to acquire new skills throughout their careers.

Unfortunately, as our special report in this issue sets out, the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers—and is therefore more likely to exacerbate inequality than diminish it. If 21st-century economies are not to create a massive underclass, policymakers urgently need to work out how to help all their citizens learn while they earn. So far, their ambition has fallen pitifully short.

今天，机器人和人工智能呼唤又一场教育革命。而这一次，工作生涯如此漫长而又变化迅速，只在人生初期强加更多教育已经不足以应付。人们还必须能在整个职业生涯中获取新技能。

不幸的是，正如我们本期特别报道所述，目前的终身学习主要是令成功人士受益，因此更可能加剧而非减轻不平等。如果21世纪的经济体不想要产生一个庞大的底层阶级，政策制定者亟需制定措施，帮助国民在谋生的同时学习。而迄今为止，他们的抱负还小得可怜。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

artificial intelligence 人工智能

underclass 下层阶级

policymaker 政策制定者

Machines or learning 机器或学习

The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups through company training—is breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between and . The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.

Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialised training tend to withdraw from the labor force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.

机器还是学习

在青少年时强化学习，之后通过公司培训加以补充，这种传统的教育模式正在失效。原因之一是需要新的技能，而且还要不断更新。制造业越来越多地需要脑力而非蛮力。从到，常规办公职位在美国劳动力中所占的比例从25.5%下降到21%。单一稳定的职业生涯已经像旋转式名片夹一样一去不返了。

在人生初期让人们接受更高程度的正规教育并非解决之道。仅有16%的美国人认为四年的大学教育足以让学生找到一份好工作。尽管职业教育能确保找到至关重要的第一份工作，但接受专门培训的人往往比接受普通教育的人更早退出劳动大军，可能是因为前者适应性较弱。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

top-ups 充值

brain work 大脑的工作

withdraw 撤回

general education 通识教育

At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.

The market is innovating to enable workers to learn and earn in new ways. Providers from General Assembly to Pluralsight are building businesses on the promise of boosting and rebooting careers. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectures on Plato or black holes in favor of courses that make their students more employable. At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programs that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the Android operating system. By offering degrees online, universities are making it easier for professionals to burnish their skills. A single master’s program from Georgia Tech could expand the annual output of computer-science master’s degrees in America by close to 10%.

Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave careers and learning. But left to its own devices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have advantages. It is easier to learn later in life if you enjoyed the classroom first time around: about 80% of the learners on Coursera already have degrees. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OECD has no or limited experience of computers. Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little chance to practise them.

与此同时，在职培训也在萎缩。在美国和英国，在职培训在过去里下降了大概一半。自雇人群正在增多，令更多的人要为自己的技能负责。在年纪较大的时候抽出时间获得一个正规的资质是一种选择，但要投入成本，而且大多数院校是针对年轻人开设的。

市场正在创新以让工人能够有新的方法学习和赚钱。从General Assembly到Pluralsight，各类供应商纷纷以推动和重启职业生涯的承诺开创业务。大规模开放式在线课程(MOOC)不再讲授柏拉图或黑洞，而向帮助学生就业的课程倾斜。在优达学城(Udacity)和Coursera，进修者付费学习低价的短期课程，获得如自动驾驶汽车或安卓操作系统方面的“微证书”和“纳米学位”。

这些革新显示了如何交织工作和学习。但是，如果任其自行发展，这一新生市场将会主要服务那些已经具备优势的人。如果你在年轻时就享受课堂学习，那么日后学习起来也会更容易：在Coursera，大约80%的学生已经拥有学位。在线学习需要一些IT知识，而在经合组织国家里，四分之一的成年人没有或只有很少的计算机经验。技能不用则退，但在很多低端工作中，工人基本没有机会实践技能。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

geare 齿轮

boosting 提高

bestow 给

burnish 光泽

demonstrate 演示

Shampoo technician wanted

If new ways of learning are to help those who need them most, policymakers should be aiming for something far more radical. Because education is a public good whose benefits spill over to all of society, governments have a vital role to play—not just by spending more, but also by spending wisely.

Lifelong learning starts at school. As a rule, education should not be narrowly vocational. The curriculum needs to teach children how to study and think. A focus on “metacognition” will make them better at picking up skills later in life.

But the biggest change is to make adult learning routinely accessible to all. One way is for citizens to receive vouchers that they can use to pay for training. Singapore has such “individual learning accounts”; it has given money to everyone over 25 to spend on any of 500 approved courses. So far each citizen has only a few hundred dollars, but it is early days.

招募洗发师

如果新的学习方式是要帮助那些最需要帮助的人，那么政策制定者应该寻求远为根本性的举措。因为教育是一种公益事业，其益处会延及整个社会，各国政府要发挥重要作用——不仅要增加投入，还得把钱花得明智。

终身学习始于学校。一般来说，教育不应该有狭隘的职业性。学生需要从课程中学会如何学习和思考。注重“元认知”将帮助学生日后更好地学习技能。

但最大的改变是让所有人都能常态化地进行成人学习。一个方法是向国民发放抵用券，可用于支付培训费用。新加坡就有这样的“个人学习账户”。该国向所有25岁以上的国民提供资金，可用来选择学习500种经认可的课程。到目前为止，每个国民只领取了几百美元，但这才刚刚开始。

Courses paid for by taxpayers risk being wasteful. But industry can help by steering people towards the skills it wants and by working with MOOCs and colleges to design courses that are relevant. Companies can also encourage their staff to learn. AT&T, a telecoms firm which wants to equip its workforce with digital skills, spends $30m a year on reimbursing employees’ tuition costs. Trade unions can play a useful role as organizers of lifelong learning, particularly for those—workers in small firms or the self-employed—for whom company-provided training is unlikely. A union-run training program in Britain has support from political parties on the right and left.

由纳税人付费的课程有可能被浪费。但企业界可以提供帮助，引导人们学习业界所需的技能，并和MOOC及大学院校合作设计有用的课程。企业还可以鼓励员工学习。电信公司AT&T希望员工具备数字技能，它每年支出3000万美元报销员工的学费。工会也可以发挥作用，组织终身学习，尤其是帮助那些小公司的员工或自雇人士，因为这些人不大可能有公费培训的机会。在英国，一个工会组织的培训项目同时得到了左右两派政党的支持。

To make all this training worthwhile, governments need to slash the licensing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations. Rather than asking for 300 hours’ practice to qualify to wash hair, for instance, the state of Tennessee should let hairdressers decide for themselves who is the best person to hire.

Not everyone will successfully navigate the shifting jobs market. Those most at risk of technological disruption are men in blue-collar jobs, many of whom reject taking less “masculine” roles in fast-growing areas such as health care. But to keep the numbers of those left behind to a minimum, all adults must have access to flexible, affordable training. The 19th and 20th centuries saw stunning advances in education. That should be the scale of the ambition today.

要让所有这些培训有价值，政府需要大力降低执业资格要求以及其他阻碍新人入行的门槛。例如，与其要求有300小时的实习来获得做洗发工的资格，田纳西州应该让理发店自行决定雇谁最好。

并非每个人都能成功应付正在变化的就业市场。受技术颠覆威胁最大的是那些蓝领工人，其中很多人拒绝在医疗护理等快速发展的领域里承担不那么“男子汉”的工作。但是，若要尽量减少因时代改变而落伍的人数，那么所有成年人都必须能够获得灵活而又实惠的培训。在19和20世纪，教育有了令人震惊的进步。今天的抱负应当不逊当年。

4月7日雅思阅读机经预测

雅思阅读文章题目：Living with uncertainty

重复年份：0109A 0515

雅思阅读雅思阅读题材：自然环境

雅思阅读雅思阅读题型：判断7+简答6

雅思阅读文章大意：澳洲的气候变化无常，所以那里的生物需要很强的应变能力。有一种P鸟可以知道什么地方什么时候下雨，可以提前飞去找水喝。当地人为了狩猎把森林烧掉，另一种要吃salt bush的鸟就因此灭绝了。欧洲人来了之后大量种植wheat，Emu喜欢吃，所以繁殖很快。

部分答案参考：

判断：

第一种鸟避开下雨的地方。N

简答：

1.Aboriginal做了什么来方便他们打猎 lit fire

2. G鸟灭绝的原因：salt bush

3. Emu吃wheat

雅思阅读文章题目：Trade

重复年份：20160109B 0728

雅思阅读题材：发展史

雅思阅读题型：暂无

雅思阅读文章大意：贸易的发展史，讲了贸易的人的天性以及各地的贸易发展水平和状况。

Basically trade means exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is also called commerce. The actual face of trade was barter, which was the direct exchange of goods and services. Today traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, like money, which then makes buying separate from selling, or earning. The invention of money has made trade simpler. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.

Trade exists for many reasons. It can be due to specialization and division of labor. Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions' size helps getting benefits of mass production.

History of Trade:

Trade originated in prehistoric times. It was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other when modern money was never even thought of. Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.

Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history. Materials used for the creation of jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC. Long-distance trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC, by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia when they traded with the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley. Trading is greatly important to the global economy. From the very beginning of Greek civilization to the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, a financially worthwhile trade brought valuable spice to Europe from the Far East, including China.

The fall of the Roman Empire, and the succeeding Dark Ages brought insecurity to Western Europe and a near end of the trade network. However some trade did occur, the Radhanites were a medieval group of Jewish merchants who traded between the Christians in Europe and the Muslims of the Near East.

The Sogdians ruled the East-West trade route known as the Silk Road from the end 4th century AD to the 8th century AD.

The Vikings and Varangians also traded from the 8th to the 11th century as they sailed from and to Scandinavia. Vikings sailed to Western Europe, while Varangians to Russia.

Vasco da Gama restarted the European Spice trade in 1498. Earlier to his sailing around Africa, the flow of spice into Europe was controlled by Islamic powers, especially Egypt. The spice trade was of major economic importance and helped encourage the Age of Exploration. Spices brought to Europe from distant lands were some of the most valuable commodities for their weight, sometimes rivaling gold.

In the 16th century, Holland was the centre of free trade, imposing no exchange controls, and advocating the free movement of goods.

In 1776, Adam Smith published the paper “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”. This paper criticized Mercantilism, and argued that economic specialization could benefit nations just as much as firms. Since that time the division of labor was restricted by the size of the market, he said that countries having access to larger markets would be able to divide labor more efficiently and thereby become more productive.

The Great Depression was a major economic collapse that ran from 1929 to the late 1930s. There was a great setback in trade and other economic indicators during this period.

The lack of free trade was considered by many as a root cause of the depression. Only during the World War II the recession ended in United States.

雅思阅读文章题目：The history of Russian Ballet

重复年份：20160114 20150418 20121124

雅思阅读题材：发展史

雅思阅读题型：判断6+填空7

雅思阅读文章大意：芭蕾舞发源于意大利，从17世纪后传入俄国后一直欣欣向荣。出了很多优秀的艺术家和作品，外国舞派也对俄国芭蕾舞发展有着影响。后期以戏剧味发展主流，一直讲到本世纪70年代的发展。

参考阅读：

Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.

Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of Jean-Baptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families.

France provided many leaders such as Charles Didelot in St Petersburg (1801-1831), Jules Perrot(1848-1859) and Arthur Saint-Léon (1859-69).

In the early 19th century, the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a rayok, or 'paradise gallery', consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet, because tickets in this section were inexpensive.

One author describes the Imperial ballet as “unlike that of any other country in the world…the most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar, and all the dancers were, in a sense, Imperial servants. In the theatre, the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and, out of respect, after the performance they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern: first, the ballerina bowed to the tsar’s box, then to that of the theater director, and finally to the general public.

雅思阅读文章题目：Aquaculture in New Zealand

重复年份：20160114 20151031 20121124 0212

雅思阅读题材：农业

雅思阅读题型：小标题7+人名理论配对3+句子填空3

雅思阅读文章大意：新西兰水产养殖，介绍了新西兰一种新型保护海底动物多样性兼顾商业运作的方式一aquaculture , 其发展遇到的问题及前景。

部分参考答案：

小标题

14. vi (一个受益的村庄)

15. vii (company’s profit)

16. 选含 limitation 的那项

17. 选含 concerns to environment 的那项

18. 选含 alternative explanation 的那项

19. 选含 research 的那项

20. 选含 science and business 的那项

填空题

24. polyculture/aquaculture

25. commercial partner

26. market value/high price

雅思阅读文章题目：Children and robots

重复年份：20160305 20141002

雅思阅读题材：科技

雅思阅读题型：小标题5+配对5+填空3

雅思阅读文章大意：机器人对孩子学习的影响。主要讲到把机器人放在学校可以辅助老师还有陪学生玩，还可以让它们拥有表情促进交流，但是过度使用可能会造成伦理问题，此外还提到了几个科学家和他们的观点。

参考阅读：

Robotics is making inroads into society, not only in factories and industry but also in homes and schools, where social robots are helping children cope better with conditions such as diabetes and autism.

A robot and child

Studies show that interaction with a robot can benefit children with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, as well as autism and other developmental disorders. (Image: ALIZ-E project.)

This week, thousands of people – young and old – are exploring the weirdness and wonders of robotics technology during the European Robotics Week, which is taking place in labs, museums, public squares and schools all over Europe.

But robotics offers more than just show and tell. It can make a real difference in the lives of children who, for example, struggle with diabetes or autism, or need extra help in the classroom.

‘Nao’ the friendly (but not perfect) robot

Recently, scientists showed that social robots can help diabetic children accept the nature of their condition and become more confident about their futures. In the four-and-a-half year ALIZ-E project, a research team led by Plymouth University studied the interactions between hundreds of European children aged 7-11 and a robot prototype called ‘Nao’.

Standing around 60 centimetres tall and featuring specially designed speech recognition software, ‘Nao’ helped the youngsters in keeping a diary of food intake, insulin injections and blood sugar levels. Through quizzes and games it also helped the kids to better understand diabetes and the huge amount of information they are given.

According to ALIZ-E leader Tony Belpaeme, the robot is not just a novelty factor to catch the children’s attention but a tool to engage and motivate them. “In many cases where a child has diabetes, you notice their confidence has been knocked and the robot can help restore that. By personalising its responses and recognising the children it has met before, the robots can support and educate, and we have seen many times the positive impact this is having on children and their families,” Belpaeme says in a Plymouth University news release.

The European Commission-funded study has not only shed light on how children relate to social robots, but also how robots need to be designed to maximise their impact when used for educational or therapeutic purposes.

“The robot needs to personalise what it does. If it treats children on an individual level, they immediately relate to it – it taps into our primitive need to interact and communicate,” Belpaeme says in the release. “One of the things that does appeal to children is that the robot makes mistakes – if it never did so, it could become intimidating. It does make the child realise they too don’t have to be perfect all of the time.”

Robots to assist autistic children

The researchers also showed the robots have potential to act as classroom assistants helping pupils who may be in danger of falling behind their peers. The team is now exploring additional uses for the robots, for instance to help children on the autistic spectrum.

“Our initial work shows it could have an incredibly positive impact on those children, and given that autism can impact heavily on someone’s ability to communicate and build relationships, we now need to establish why it seems they can relate to a tiny robot. From that, we can explore how widely we can use the robot as a therapeutic tool and can we, in fact, use it to teach about wider social interactions,” Belpaeme says.

As shown in a number of recent reports by the BBC, there is indeed growing evidence that robots can help autistic children not only to learn but also to improve their communication skills.

篇4：为什么雅思阅读分数难提高

为什么雅思阅读分数难提高?

雅思阅读分数难提升的原因1——对学术阅读没有足够的了解

雅思考官方指南已经明确指出:雅思阅读考试察的是学术场景下的阅读，但是此阅读方式是中英语教学并未强调与专门训练过的。因此大部分考生不清楚什么叫Skimmingforgist和Scanfordetails的阅读方式;也不清楚如何去区分事实信息以及主观论点;更不清楚如何去对文章做结构扫描，把文章线索和脉络了解。

雅思阅读成绩难提升的原因2——过分依赖答题技巧

大部分考生针对雅思考都抱有一种侥幸心理,他们表示备考即是在在网上找有的什么“阅读秘笈”、“9分方案”. 但雅思阅读因为是如今全部出英语考中阅读单项难的一个，文章长、题型多、难度大，针对阅读方法的考察都是很深入的。迷信解题技巧而忽视实力的后果就像Castleintheair，吹得越神的技巧也同样是让人摔得越惨。事实上技巧固然重要,但重要的依然是考生自身的实力.只有自己的雅思阅读水平提高,考才会有所保障.

雅思阅读分数难提升的原因2——应性备考

大部分考生都是在报考了雅思以后又开始着手备考的,但是短短的时间又只会允许他们用应付考的态度来对待雅思.但是,这样的话,都是难以真正提升雅思成绩的,而对于阅读来说更是如此.

雅思阅读高分的五大秘诀

一，要高分没有歪门邪道可走，词汇量不够的背单词去(衡量标准：一篇雅思文章，30%以上的单词看不懂)

二，做题前必须耐心分析文章结构(文章结构按照不同文章类型是明确而且一定的)。结构出来了，作者写作思路也就呼之欲出了，你懂写作思路，你就是作者，你自己分析自己写的文章还有难度吗?你换位思考一下，当你写一篇文章是怎么想的，说白了无非就是提出问题，分析问题，解决问题这三部。

三，没有一劳永逸的方法，要说一劳永逸以上就是。阅读速度慢，分析能力差，那就去练。剑4，5的文章都分析个遍，功夫下到了，能力自然就上去了。

四，还是老生常谈的话practice makes perfect.

五，通过对阅读出最新题趋势的观察，雅思阅读回归到文本本身的时代来临了，因为这才是最扎实的东西。

以上内容给大家介绍了雅思阅读高分的五条秘诀，考生在雅思备考中一定要有耐心，任何能力的提高都不是一朝一夕的，因此，坚持最重要。

影响雅思阅读发挥的五大因素

十多种题目类型可以进行以下划分，实力题与技巧题，必考题与选考题，主观题与客观题。这样的话，考生就比较容易把握题目类型了，而且可以根据自己的实际水平，调整做题的先后顺序。比如说，一个实力稍微弱点的学生，就要先去找填图填表，匹配，简答这类的题目做。而像判断题能做就做，如果有的连提干都看不懂，那只能根据一般规律去做，也就是蒙。这是没有办法的办法。但总比你在那浪费上十多分钟强，但也不能空着。

文章的背景我们也要熟悉，比如交通能源污染，这是雅思考试永恒的话题。我们比须积累这方面的常识，背景。另外还有建筑，动植物，医疗健康，公司管理，高科技等等。

单词必须在阅读文章中记忆，每篇文章做完题目，要整理一下单词，然后再运用到阅读其他文章中去，这叫从阅读中来，会阅读中去。效果比较明显。不要盲目地扩充大量单词，要有针对性，针对雅思阅读，要知道雅思阅读常考那些词。这可从广泛接触雅思阅读文章中，对单词有感觉。

语法，阅读中很多题目是在考查语法，都是暗地里考。特别是主观题，还有题目与原文的一些改写，都是建立在语法的基础上的。我们要注意一些关系，比如说对比对照关系，因果关系，因为两事物一旦有了关系，就热闹了，就比较好出题了。

逻辑雅思有个别难题不光是考查大家的英文水平，同时还在考查大家的逻辑思维能力。有些题目就是在这个环节出了问题，全部单词都认识，就是题做不对。这样的题多是判断题和单选题。

这五个方面都要针对性很强地下功夫。雅思阅读会取得理想的成绩。

我认为备考阅读对具有大学四级平均水平的学生需要两三个月的时间，最好是全天候投入，6.5分应该不是太大的问题。高中生还要再多用一两个月。前期熟悉题型，研究题型，学会定位，调整做题的顺序和不太好的习惯。后期研究雅思文章，积累常考得替换词，攻破常考得语法难点。适当背诵甚至默写一定量的重要句子。

剑桥一到五对阅读都有意义，只是四五更新，更贴近目前考试。因为雅思阅读部分这些年基本没有变动，阅读题型还是那些，被选的文章还是那些背景。我们做完题以后，可以根据题型，或文章背景进行分类，这样等于整合资源，效果会更明显。每本书，每套题，都有简单的，和比较难的题目和文章，也要注意区分。

雅思阅读备考重点介绍

1、词汇

必须在阅读文章中记忆，每篇文章做完题目，要整理一下单词，然后再运用到阅读其他文章中去，这叫从阅读中来，会阅读中去。效果比较明显。不要盲目地扩充大量单词，要有针对性，针对雅思阅读，要知道雅思阅读常考那些词。这可从广泛接触雅思阅读文章中，对单词有感觉。

2、语法

阅读中很多题目是在考查语法，都是暗地里考。特别是主观题，还有题目与原文的一些改写，都是建立在语法的基础上的。我们要注意一些关系，比如说对比对照关系，因果关系，因为两事物一旦有了关系，就热闹了，就比较好出题了。

3、逻辑关系

雅思有个别难题不光是考查大家的英文水平，同时还在考查大家的逻辑思维能力。有些题目就是在这个环节出了问题，全部单词都认识，就是题做不对。这样的题多是判断题和单选题。

4、背景

这是影响雅思阅读分数最不明显的因素。雅思阅读文章的背景我们也要熟悉，比如交通能源污染，这是雅思考试永恒的话题。我们比须积累这方面的常识，背景。另外还有建筑，动植物，医疗健康，公司管理，高科技等等。

5、雅思阅读题目的类型

其实这是影响雅思阅读分数的最明显的因素。十多种题目类型可以进行以下划分，实力题与技巧题，必考题与选考题，主观题与客观题。这样的话，考生就比较容易把握题目类型了，而且可以根据自己的实际水平，调整做题的先后顺序。比如说，一个实力稍微弱点的学生，就要先去找填图填表，匹配，简答这类的题目做。而像判断题能做就做，如果有的连提干都看不懂，那只能根据一般规律去做，也就是蒙。这是没有办法的办法。但总比你在那浪费上十多分钟强，但也不能空着。

篇5：雅思口语分数提高

雅思口语分数提高必备：口语评分标准详解

雅思口语分数：提高流利性

语速过快

有的考生相信“天下武功唯快不破”，将语速快错误理解为流畅，因此在作答时希望语速尽量快，给考官留下熟练掌握此语言的良好印象。但超快的语速极易出现许多语法，单词，发音方面的问题。在不出现问题的前提下语速较快并无大碍，但是如果因此丢掉展示准确性和逻辑的机会是得不偿失的。

反之，一些考生因为紧张或想过于清晰表达而语速过慢。但是要注意的是，即使语法，发音不存在任何问题，但如果没能在规定时间内展示自己的实力，那么不仅仅在流畅度上，甚至其他部分都会减分。

因此，要做到流利，以一定的语速和平稳的语调自然地进行表达比快速表达更加重要。

反复修正或重复自己所说过的话

很多考生十分重视语法的准确性，甚至不惜牺牲流利程度，导致在考试过程中反复修正或重复自己所说过的话。在一定程度上这种行为并无大碍，甚至可以间接展示出考生能够意识到自己所犯的错误并及时修正的能力。但过于频繁的自我修正，会放大自己的弱点，甚至使考官难以理解考生的答案。

为一两个词反复停顿

由于想不起某个特定的单词，或者为了想起合适的单词导致回答问题持续停顿中断，这会让考生在流利这一项丢掉许多不必要的分数。当然并不是完全不允许停顿中断的请情况，只要避免总是在单词间停顿的情况，至少在两句话中稍微停顿是可以的。

例如在考试过程中突然想不起advantages这个单词，那么其中一项对策便是使用good things等自己已知的单词进行替换表达，这样可以使回答顺利进行下去。此方法不仅可以避免表达的停顿中断，而且有利于接下来将要说明的得分点中与词汇相关的得分点。

eg：I think they will like to live in…(habitat)…where they rightly belong.

由于缺乏答题思路而难以作答

与上述问题类似，但第四条侧重的是想法，即在回答问题时由于不知道说什么导致回答中断。这种情况下，考生必然会获得难以让人满意的分数。因此最重要的是平时应查找真题中已经出现过的话题，多和学习伙伴进行头脑风暴，可以很好的帮助自己提前准备好自己的答题思路。

但即使准备充分也有可能遇到难以预测的话题。此时，如果因为慌张导致长时间的沉默，将很难得到高分。在这种情况下使用well或者let me think之类的词句来争取思考时间也不失为一种对策。

雅思口语分数：连贯性 Coherence

答案长度不足

这是最为基本的一项。与前文所提到的fluency评分项目相同，口语考试时所回答的答案也需要达到一定的长度才能够让考官合理的进行评分。如果仅仅只用几个单词或者非完整句作答，在流利度方面必定会失分，甚至会让考官质疑考生的逻辑性。

答案的叙述逻辑混乱

答题的目标是针对关键词，直接说出答案后再附加一些事实进行说明。雅思考试与日常会话不同，雅思口语三部分考试内容均需要在其限定的时间内进行，如果最开始说一堆不着边际的内容而将正确答案放到后面说使整个回答耗费相当长的时间，那就很难得到高分。

eg：Is it important to you to eat healthy food?

I think to eat healthy food is to eat more vegetables, fruits and corns. That will be more expensive. But it is worth doing.

上文的回答中开头甚至中间都没能很好的切题，甚至有反对的倾向。在结尾话锋一转，且并未使用事实证明观点。不禁让人对该考生的逻辑产生疑问。可以将答案改变如下：

I think it is vital for me to eat healthy food. It can bring us energy and prevent us fromillness. I can pay more to eat healthy food. It is worth doing.

雅思口语分数：词汇 Lexical Resources

词汇项目考察的是考生对单词运用是否自然，准确以及合适程度。有不少考生在考试过程中特意将原本可以简单说明的问题复杂化，甚至是用一些不常用的词汇。但是这种情况往往因为不能准确理解词语意思导致使用不当，反而难以得到高分。

雅思口语part2新题思路拓展：环保人士

先看题目：Describe a person who helps to protect the environment

You should say:

Who this person is

How this person is

How this person protects the environment

What difficulty this person has faced

And how you feel about this person

我们来审题：题目是一个保护环境的人，判定这是人物类话题，语法上需要用到一般现在时及过去时。

对于雅思口语目标分数在6分左右的考生，建议考生选择一个身边的环保人士，比如自己的家人、朋友，从小事上展开话题，而不是选取一些环保专业人士，比如某某教授，当然，如果你本身是环境专业人士，身边都是环保专业相关的教授当然可以。总之，牢记说好雅思口语话题的一条捷径——找自己熟悉的素材。

接下来，关于人物类话题的一些普遍内容，围绕人物是谁，做了什么，人物的性格去丰富内容。比如环保人士是我邻居.女士，今年60岁，一个刚退休的老教师，她独居多年，在社区里积极倡导垃圾分类。

雅思口语7分以上的考生，可以选择的人物就很多，比如环境保护专业的考生可以说自己的教授，是一名研究水质净化的资深人士，他发明了一款雨污分流处理的系统，帮助污水处理厂提高了污水处理效果。获得了国内外的多项环保奖项。(内容允许有夸张，只要说的正确即可)

其次是关键词：环保，这个理念很抽象，但是考生可以将环保具体化，成为一种身体力行的行动，比如垃圾分类，栽树，公共出行，新能源汽车，去海上捡垃圾，环保宣传演讲等等。对于这类话题，考生平时要做的准备工作很多，要对相关名词有一定的了解，否则考场上只能想起一个垃圾分类，就很尴尬，大部分考生能说出的环保行动只有这一个。

关于环保相关的词汇积累：关于环保的词汇出现在很多纪录片中，

下面给大家提供两套话题内容参考：

范文思路版本一：我的邻居.女士是一位非常热衷宣传垃圾分类的老人。她今年已经60岁了，一个人独居多年，非常友好善良。她的家很干净整洁，垃圾都按照严格标准来进行分类处理，比如塑料瓶、玻璃品、纸制品和厨余垃圾都是分类处理。她有一辆小汽车不过一个月只开一次，大部分时间她都选择自行车出行，有时她也会和环保人士去海上处理漂浮物，并为此拍摄了纪录片。

当然，环保主义者在实践中还是会面临很多困难，她的环保演讲刚开始不受欢迎，不过好在她坚持下来，现在已经是一位社区环保明星了，而且有自己的粉丝和公众号。当然我也是其中之一。

范文思路版本二：我的教授X是一个环境工程资深学者，致力于研究城市雨污分流技术，大二的时候我上过他的课，觉得他很有魅力。他是一个实实在在的环保主义者，他曾经说：因为城市的水资源利用率太低，导致水资源紧张，想要通过污水处理系统来实现水资源的重复利用，于是他博士阶段主要研究方向变成了下水管道改建和雨污分流技术。本市的下水管道改造就是他推动的，现在来看，本市的污水处理非常好，经过处理的污水已经能完全排放进河道了。据说我们的生活用水中，已经开始使用雨水，并且水质也比从前干净很多，可以用来灌溉植物，雨污分流技术真的是一项非常好的创意。当然，X教授在开发这个技术过程中也遇到不少阻碍，毕竟这项技术需要配合城市规划，收到影响的居民纷纷表示过不理解，好在投入使用之后，得到了大家的认可。

雅思口语part3思路

Is it important to teach students environmental protection school?

当然，环境保护人人有责。学生对于环保知识

How can people protect the environment?

从很多小事做起吧，比如以家庭为单位，可以实现基础的垃圾分类、公交出行，节约用纸，不浪费公共资源等。

Do you think it is necessary to make environmental protection as a subject?

非常有必要，因为现在事实上，环保已经成为大学专业，成为很多大学的研究项目了，希望今后环保理念能够渗透到普通人群吧。

雅思口语变题季|新题范文之借东西

我们先一起来看看完整的题目要求：

Describe an occasion that you borrowed something from friends or family members.

You should say:

What the thing was;

When you borrowed it;

Whom you borrowed it from;

And explain why you borrowed the thing.

分析：

1、需要使用一般过去时，这里可能对大家来说会比较难，不少考生在变换时态时容易出错。建议大家平时要多背分词表，自己尝试变换时态的方式来多造句。

2、雅思口语第二部分的要求是2分钟，而且题目往往看起来好像一两句就可以说完，这种时候，就需要我们补充细节和感受，所以如果可以采用自己真实经历和真实体验，是比较理想的选择。

3、日常借东西这种行为很平常，如果有的考生一时想不起来，觉得无从下手的话，我们也可以转换视角，想想自己想要什么，接着去想象自己从朋友或家人中借来这样东西。

以下我们来看看具体的范文：

去年12月，我去上海参加了一次培训。因为在培训结束时候需要用电脑参加测评，所以培训者被要求携带手提电脑过来。这只是一场为期2天的培训，不过为了带上手提电脑，我跟我妈借了一个很大背包(backpack)。我自己有一个书包，但是太小了。

这是一个黑色的背包，有一个大口袋可以装手提电脑，还有几个口袋可以装小物件(small-sized items)。它有很大容量(capacity)可以装下所有我为这次旅途准备的东西。我妈经常出差坐飞机(commercial air travel),所以她不仅借我这个背包，还借给我一件羽绒服(a down jacket)。上海的冬天很冷而且风很大(feature strong winds)，所以我借了这件羽绒服。

我认为我做了一个明智的决定，选择了一件手持行李(carry-on bag)来坐飞机。一方面，我可以带上足够多的行李，同时我可以节省非常浪费时间(time-consuming)的拿行李过程(baggage claim processes)，还避免了行李被查之后可以损坏的情况。

两天培训结束后，我们坐飞机回去，到达机场，有些朋友需要等待他们的行李，需要30分钟。然而我已经上了一辆的士离开了。所以我觉得一个背包，或者其他的手持行李(hand luggage)，真的在航空旅途中节省了大家的时间和经历。以上就是我曾经向我妈借了一个背包，并且它帮助很大的过程。

在雅思口语新变化，9-12月雅思口语变题季新题中，我们可以看到，第二部分一般来说都有限定词，对于考生来说，难以通过事先准备的模板进行套用。小站雅思君建议大家，不如将精力放在对细节描述的锻炼上面，同时学会发散思维，看似被限定的题目，往往都有很多思路可以回答。

雅思口语内容思路：投诉成功的经历

雅思口语内容思路：做好审题

话题是这样的：Describe a complaint that you made and you were satisfied with the result这句话包含2个要点，一个是投诉，一个是满意的结果，考生如何分配这个话题的时间显得很重要，一共2分钟，你需要说到具体的时间点、投诉原因、投诉对象以及为何投诉结果满意。

口语内容的结构还是按照总——分形式，先总述.日我在商场经历了一次糟糕的购物体验，于是我果断向商场值班经理投诉并且很快他们就向我道歉。

雅思口语内容思路：参考范文

6分雅思口语内容思路：记得最近一次的投诉是去商场购物的时候遇到糟糕的服务员，在反馈问题后，很快得到了反馈，商场经理当场给我道歉，这是一次比较成功的投诉经历，下面具体来说说这次投诉吧。

那天我准备给朋友带一件衣服，这件衣服只有我家附近的商场有卖，于是我开着车去了商场，并且直奔店铺，找到了朋友想要的一份，不过就在我准备拍照给朋友时，被导购粗暴打断，他说这里不允许拍照，好吧，我很理解，于是我向他解释了原因，并给朋友打电话询问是否需要这件衣服，但这位导购开始抢夺我的手机并要求删除照片。他粗暴的态度让我很生气，于是我用录音录下了我们之间的对话，然后立即离开找到商场柜台的客服值班经理，将事情向他说明，之后，值班经理找到那位导购，并亲自向我道歉。虽然这是一次糟糕的购物体验，但好在投诉的结果是令人满意的。

7分呢雅思口语思路：作为一个网购达人，并且是天猫超级会员，我可优先享受极速退款，最近一次使用这项权益是2周前，我购买了一件大衣并因质量问题向天猫客服投诉，获得赔偿的经历，想分享一下。

一年一度的双十一又开始了，大家都知道，这场购物狂欢让多少女生既开心又难过，我买了一件新款的大衣，打一折，在等待了4天之后终于收到了心仪的大衣，不过让我失望的是，我试穿的当天就发现衣服上有一处瑕疵，口袋上没有缝好，于是我赶紧去找客服，但客服2天都没有回应我，于是我打开app，点开客服，提交了有瑕疵的衣服照片，天猫客服在线赔付了我衣服的钱，并冻结了那笔资金，随后很快，店家客服联系我退货，并给我道歉，因为双十一订单太多没有及时回复。3天后，我的投诉成功。总的来说，网购过程中投诉最重要的是有证据，保证投诉时效。

篇6：提高英语阅读窍门

TIPS ON READING

Successful reading involves

1. using words attack skills such as identifying sound/symbol correspondences;

2. using grammatical knowledge to recover meaning, for example interpreting non-finite clauses;

3. using different techniques for different purposes, for example skimming and scanning for key words or information;

4. relating text content to one’s own background knowledge of the subject at hand;

5. identifying the rhetorical or functional intention of individual sentences or text segments, for example recognizing when the writer is offering a definition or a summary even when theses are not explicitly signaled by phrases such as ‘X may be defined as…’.

From Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom by David Nunan, P35.

篇7：雅思阅读冲高分窍门

雅思阅读冲高分这些原则是窍门一文讲述了14个雅思阅读中的冲刺高分的原则和窍门。这些原则范围广泛，涉及到备考，做题技巧，雅思阅读熟悉程度等。

雅思阅读冲高分这些原则是窍门

雅思阅读冲高分这些原则是窍门为你带来14个雅思阅读冲击高分的原则和窍门。雅思阅读向来题量大，题型多，文章话题涉及范围广。我们在短短的考试时间内，要怎样才能做到分数上的提升?毫无疑问，其中一点是扎实的英语阅读理解能力。另外，对于应对考试的窍门和绝招，已经临场的做题策略，都是我们冲刺高分的保证。

不得不知的14条雅思阅读高分准则

雅思阅读高分准则：时间永远是您最大的敌人

在雅思阅读测试中，TIME对绝大部分学生，特别是英文阅读水平相对一般的学生来说，更尤为至关重要。即使是英语为母语的人(NATIVE-ENGLISH SPEAKER)也无法在雅思测试规定的时间内完全理解所有的词汇。因此，一定控制好TIME。

雅思阅读高分准则：所问所答

雅思测试的金玉良言就是：“所问所答”。首先，要完全了解问题的类型，及根据所提供的信息，再去回答问题。有的学生在参加完雅思测试后总感觉所得分数与自己估算的分数相差甚远，原因无它，就在于对问题理解不够彻底，因此，也就无法对所提问题做到精确回答。

雅思阅读高分准则：系统地制定学习计划

大部分参加(GENERAL MODULE)普通类测试的考生都已离开学校多年，甚至很长时间没有继续英文方面的学习。因此，必须尽量每天安排一定的时间，比如说每天一小时，并根据自身英文情况制定一个学习计划，稳步、系统地学习。阅读训练：争取每天阅读一定量的原版英文报刊、书籍，并非要读懂每一个字，或完全理解，只要能理解其中大至含义既可。可采取3:1的比例进行泛读与精读。

雅思阅读高分准则：增加阅读速度

要增加英语阅读的速度，当然并非一朝一日即可达到。通常需要相当长一段时间的学习及训练。但无论怎样，应加强英文基础训练，掌握必要的测试技巧，从而在现有的英文基础之上取得最好的成绩。总之，付出越多，收获越大。

雅思阅读高分准则：控制答题时间

在雅思测试过程中，每组题都给有答题参考时间，当所给时间结束时，就一定要停下来，即使这组题没有做完也要开始回答下一组题，否则所能完成的题数就会减少，从而影响雅思的得分。

雅思阅读高分准则：答案一定填在“答案纸”上

在雅思测试时，所有答案务必要填在所给的“ANSWER SHEET”纸上。否则，即使您完成了全部问题，也是没有任何分数，这种现象曾有发生过。

雅思阅读高分准则：带着问题阅读所给文章

在开始阅读所给文章前，应首先弄清下列问题再带着这些问题有的放矢地去读那些与答题有关的部分，有些部分则完全不看，这样就可以节省出更多时间，达到事半功倍的效果。

雅思阅读高分准则：查看试题布局

1。阅读试题三部分的每一部分的开头与结尾;

2。每部分有多少道题;

3。每部分(或每组题)的答题时间;

4。先回答那些问题。

雅思阅读高分准则：扫描式阅读文章

扫描式阅读的目的就是：

1. 找出文章的大意;

2. 查找某一具体内容。

3. 比对关键词语，确定答案。

具体方法：在一篇文章中从左至右或逐行快速移动，同时眼睛要紧随其移动，查看所要寻找的内容。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。

雅思阅读高分准则：确定答案在文章中的位置

在雅思阅读测试中，可采用下述两种方法快速确定答案在文章中的位置。

1。通过了解每一段的主题思想，找出答案的位置。(这种方法比较适合英文阅读水平较高的考生)

2。利用问句中的1-3个关键词，在文章中查找相同或者相近及相关词语，来确定答案的位置。(这种方法比较适合阅读能力差一些的考生)

雅思阅读高分准则：查找同义词、近义词、相关词

在雅思阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辨认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。

1。词形完全相同

2。词义相同，即同义词

3。词义相近，但并非同义

4。词义相关

上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，第一种当然容易辨认，第二种同义词也相对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辨认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。

雅思阅读高分准则：猜读词义

雅思测试时不许用词典，而且也没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。

猜测词义要从两方面着手：

1。根据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。

2。如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的(POSITIVE)，还是否定的 (NEGATIVE)，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了。

雅思阅读高分准则：优先查看数字

在文章中，数字是极容易找到的，如果在问句中出现数字时，可优先将数字作为标示牌在文章中找出答案的位置。需注意有时问句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表达

雅思阅读高分准则：长句短读

长句短读：即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对雅思阅读测试帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。

以上就是14条雅思阅读高分准则，要想拿到雅思阅读高分，除了基本功外，一些阅读技巧也是无可或缺的，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。

以上就是雅思阅读冲高分这些原则是窍门的全部内容，他们既包括了对于雅思阅读出题思路的理解，也包括了备考方法的叙述，更包括了实战做题时的策略和方法。在我们平时提高阅读理解能力的同时，如果能注意到这些方法窍门，将是锦上添花的一件事。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Don't wash those fossils!

Standard museum practice can wash away DNA.

1.Washing，brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

2.Instead，excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves，and freezing samples as they are found，dirt and all，concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.

3.Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA，Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris，France，and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information，they say，needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.

4.Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3,200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species，called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947，and stored in a museum collection，or in ，and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 ?C.

5.The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils，however，all yielded DNA.

6.Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time，and in the same conditions，the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3,200 years before,” she says.www.Examw.com

Wash in，wash out

7.Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone，their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA，Geigl explains.

8.The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath，which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out，but contamination is getting washed in,” says Geigl.

9.Most ancient DNA specialists know this already，says Hendrik Poinar，an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario，Canada. But that doesn't mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10.Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators，says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig，Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases，he says.

11.P??bo's team，which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA，continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains，there's a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA,” he says.

12.This doesn't mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed，notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab，for example，had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case.

Warm and wet

13.Geigl herself believes that，with cooperation between bench and field researchers，preserving fossils properly could open up avenues of discovery that have long been assumed closed.

14.Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place，and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason，Geigl says，most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples，such as the woolly mammoth，or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.

15.Better conservation methods，and a focus on fresh fossils，could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens，says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.

Glossary

Palaeontologists 古生物学家

Aurochs 欧洲野牛

Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

Questions 1-6

Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1.How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2.What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3.What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE.

4.What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5.What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6.The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7.In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ，Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8.The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9.Geneticists don’t have to work on site.

10.Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11.Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13

Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer.

12.“This information” in paragraph 3 indicates:

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13.The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests:

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil

篇8：如何提高托福阅读分数

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as sculptors in today's use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.

(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word motifs in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word others in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(D) shop signs

5. The word distinct in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(D) inferior

6. The word rare in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(D) It was less refined.

答案：BDCAA BABD

篇9：如何提高托福阅读分数

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal

(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century

2. The word bias in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) diagonal

(B) slope

(D) prejudice

3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas

(A) were suspicious of their neighbors

(B) were very proud of their lifestyle

(D) wanted to move to the cities

4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to

(A) participate in the urban reform movement

(B) seek financial security

(D) avoid crime and corruption

5. The word embraced in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) suggested

(B) overestimated

(D) welcomed

6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?

(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth

(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.

7. The word exorbitant in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) additional

(B) expensive

(D) modified

8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT

(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies

(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments

(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments

9. The word Proponents in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) Experts

(B) Pioneers

(D) Supporters

10. Why does the author mention industrialization (line 24)?

(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities

(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas

(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

答案：CDBBD ABDDA

篇10：如何提高GRE阅读分数

如何提高GRE阅读分数

新GRE阅读文章分类

1. 按题材分：文学评论, 美国历史, 弱势群体, 生命科学

2. 按写作方法分：presentation[立论], argument[评论]

3. 按写作套路分：新旧观点型、现象解释型、结论解释型、问题解决型

训练阅读速度

先别做题了，先拿来一篇文章，做完，然后回过头去看那篇文章，划出认为一定得读的词，把不用看的化掉，比如however,but是必读的，for example之后不用细看。根据题目判断哪些词是必读，这样做个5,6篇文章就有把握了，哪些是关键词。不要盲目的参考其他书说的什么，not only之后不用看，but also要看之类的，一定要自己总结，这样才能尽快习惯。

之后就继续大量训练，不停卡时间，强迫读关键词，读完做题，这样很快就能快速读完了。同时也要看杨鹏长难句，仔细体会怎么快速破解一句难句。做阅读时，尽量做到不回视，除了ts之类的，都一遍读下来，训练的时候一定要这样，养成这个习惯，强迫自己集中注意力。考试的时候，可以反复琢磨下关键句子。

意群阅读训练法

从阅读的意义上来讲，意群就是指大家平时阅读一篇文章时，视线每停留一次，进入视界范围的单词会有多个。这些单词不带有任意性，单词与单词之间的逻辑意义紧密相连，所以可以暂且将这种意义紧密相连的多个单词视为一个意群。

要想将这种方法运用到实际的阅读当中，那就有必要知道，语篇的构成单位为段落，段落的构成单位则是句子，而句子的最终构成单位为语言意义的基本载体单元词汇。而意群训练，是指按照对词汇之间意义的紧密性及对英语句子的结构进行拆分的阅读方法，这样不仅利于阅读速度的提升还可以提高一个人对语篇环境的适应能力。

排除法做题

排除法可以说是应对所有选择题的万能技巧之一，虽然在GRE阅读中排除法也许无法帮你精准地找到最后的正确答案，但在解题初期通过排除法缩小选项范围，把本来五选一的题目变成二选一或者三选一还是很有价值的。所以排除法大家也需要掌握，结合解题思路更有效地提升解题效率，节省考试时间。

GRE阅读材料要精挑细选科学发电要更倚重自然

说到GRE阅读，无非就是多看。但是看什么很关键。短期捷径有没有?当然有，那就是GRE阅读机经，本月最新的阅读机经已经发布，gre.zhan.com/yuedu45235.html.包含逻辑阅读、短阅读、长阅读，一共5篇。每篇均有资深GRE教师分享给大家的参考答案和解题思路。

如果从长远来看，那就是要多看文章，多读书，了解的多接触的多，自然不怕，也能够更加熟悉英文表达。但是时间有限，选择看什么就很重要。小编通过咨询相关资深GRE培训教师，为大家精选了很多外媒主流杂志，每天会发布一篇文章，包含中文翻译，供大家学习!

design, nature has often got there first

若论巧夺天工，自然常常更胜一筹

A virtuous spiral

上面的螺纹看似简单，实际有效

SOLAR-POWER stations take up a lot of room.

太阳能发电站占地面积巨大，

They need either vast arrays of photovoltaic panels, which convert sunlight directly into electricity, or of mirrors,

站内大部分的空间被光伏太阳能板或和定向反射镜所占据。前者能将光能直接转换为电能;后者会将太阳热折射到锅炉，

which direct it towards a boiler, in order to raise steam and drive a generator.

利用锅炉将水加热成蒸汽，驱动发电机组工作，达到热能转化为电能的目的。

这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门

The space these arrays occupy could often be used for other purposes.

这些整齐排列的面板和镜身所占的区域通常能用于其它用途。

Two researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have now devised a better and more compact way of laying out arrays of mirrors.

麻省理工学院的两位研究员就找出了更好的方法布置定向反射镜排列，不仅能节约出更多的空间，还能提高发电效率。

Slightly to their chagrin, however, and somehow appropriately,

然而，有点儿让他们懊恼的是，

they found when they had done the calculations that sunflowers had got there first.

他们计算出的和向日葵花盘型花序上所排列的，大致相同。

Alexander Mitsos and Corey Noone started with the observation that existing concentrated solar-power plants,

Alexander Mitsos和Corey Noone这两位研究员先从观察运行中的集中型太阳能发电厂入手。

as those which drive boilers are known, usually have their mirrors arranged in a way that resembles the seating in a cinema.

如大家所知，这些发电厂用太阳能驱动锅炉做功产生热量。通常定向反射镜的安排布置与电影院座椅位置如出一辙。

The mirrors are placed in concentric semicircles facing a tower, on top of which the boiler and the turbine sit.

高塔处于荧屏所在的中心位置，所有的定向反射镜则以高塔为圆心，呈半圆形分布。

That arrangement, however, sometimes results in the mirrors shading each other as the sun's position in the sky changes,

随着一天中太阳在天空中位置的变换，镜身间会出现相互遮挡的问题。

even though the mirrors are usually attached to robotic arms that track the sun as it moves.

即使厂家通常会在镜身后部安装能随太阳位置变换而相应变换的机械手臂，但这一问题还是无法解决。

According to their report in Solar Energy, Dr Mitsos and Mr Noone found that they could do better.

据他们在《太阳能》杂志上发表的文章称，两位研究员认为能有方法解决这一难题。

They divided each of the mirrors in a real power plant, PS10, in southern Spain into about 100 pieces.

在一家位于西班牙南部的发电站，PS10中，他们把每一片定向反射镜的平面面积分为差不多100块。

They then plugged each of those pieces into a computer model that calculated all of the energy losses

然后将每一片镜身上的这100多块面积里产生的吸热数据接入电脑，通过电脑程序计算出能量损失总和。

by noting points where mirrors were not optimally oriented to the sun and places where they hindered one another by blocking incoming or reflected rays.

这包括镜身没能直对太阳造成的损失，以及镜身位置因相互遮挡使折射光线受阻或反射到锅炉的光线受阻时造成的损失。

It then rejigged them into a better arrangement.

然后再根据数据重新对镜身进行排列组合。

Fermat's conjecture

费马螺线魔力

previous efforts have been directed mainly at stopping the mirrors shading each other, which tends to mean spreading them out.

在此之前，人们做出了种.种努力，但总是在镜身相互遮挡这一问题上束手无策。而对此常会采用的是展开布局，增加排列面积来避免这种情况出现。

Dr Mitsos and Mr Noone also wanted to save space.

而两位研究员还想节省面积。

In trying to do so they stumbled on an unusual arrangement that had the desired effect.

为此绞尽脑汁之际，他们无意中发现有一种非常规的排列布局有很好的效果。

When they showed this layout to a third researcher, Manuel Torrilhon of Aachen University in Germany,

他们将这种布局安排展示给另一位研究者，德国亚琛工业大学的Manuel Torrilhon。

he recognised the spiral patterns within it, and this prompted the trio to test a design specifically modelled on nature.

后者认为这种设计中有螺线存在，这促使三位研究者以向日葵花盘型花序为蓝本仔细测试设计。

That design was a pattern known as a Fermat spiral, in which each element is set at a constant angle of 137° to the previous one.

他们采用的设计即费马螺线。即每一个圆在之前一个圆旋转角度为137度时，折线回旋螺线。

It is most familiar as the arrangement of the florets that make up a sunflower head.

这一排列布置与向日葵花的盘型花序纹路如出一辙。

更多双语文章《点击这里

When the three researchers programmed their model to arrange PS10's mirrors in front of the tower in a segment from such a spiral,

三位研究者按照计划安排PS10发电厂的镜身位置，在高塔前，将定向反射镜呈部分费马螺线状布局。

they both improved the efficiency of the collection process and saved space.

结果显示在吸收太阳热量的过程中，效率得以提高，占地面积减少。

The improvement in efficiency was, admittedly, quite small,

诚然，效率提高非常有限，

but the space saving was significant—almost 16%.

而空间节省面积却很高，减少近16%。

If solar power is to make up much of the world's electricity output in future, as supporters of alternative energy hope it will,

如果太阳能如可替代能源支持者所希望的一那样，在未来成为世界电力的重要来源，

a lot of land will be needed for the power stations.

那么太阳能发电站势必将需要占据更大的面积。

Reducing that requirement by a sixth, as this discovery promises, would be a big gain.

如果能像此次研究所发现的那样，有希望将定向反射镜所占地面积减少六分之一，那么这将是一个巨大的进步。

It would also show that if you look hard enough, there really is nothing new under the sun.

同样让我们认识到的是，地球上还有许多未知等待我们认真研究。

【热门GRE人文知识拓展阅读】锻炼出点汗，值了

Just why exercise is so good for people is, at last, being understood

为什么锻炼有利于身体健康呢，人们终于知道答案了

ONE sure giveaway of quack medicine is the claim that a product can treat any ailment.

有一种绝对能推销出去狗皮膏药的方法就是说它包治百病。

There are, sadly, no panaceas.

遗憾的是灵丹妙药并不存在。

But some things come close, and exercise is one of them.

但有些方法却起到类似的作用，锻炼就是其中之一。

As doctors never tire of reminding people, exercise protects against a host of illnesses,

医生们一直不厌其烦地提醒人们锻炼身体有助于防范一系列疾病，

from heart attacks and dementia to diabetes and infection.

包括心脏病、痴呆症、糖尿病以及感染。

How it does so, however, remains surprisingly mysterious.

但是人们一直不知道为什么。

这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门

But a paper just published in Nature by Beth Levine of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre and her colleagues sheds some light on the matter.

德克萨斯大学西南医学中心贝丝莱文及其同事最近在《自然》杂志发表的论文给出了一些解释。

Dr Levine and her team were testing a theory that exercise works its magic, at least in part, by promoting autophagy.

莱文博士及其小组证明一个理论的正确性，即锻炼之所以有神奇的作用，

This process, whose name is derived from the Greek for self-eating,

部分原因是它能促进自体吞噬。

is a mechanism by which surplus, worn-out or malformed proteins and other cellular components are broken up for scrap and recycled.

这个名称来自希腊词语自食其肉，指的是多余的、不能再用的、畸形的蛋白质和其他细胞成分被分解成碎片并再循环。

To carry out the test, Dr Levine turned to those stalwarts of medical research, genetically modified mice.

莱文博士在这个实验中使用转基因老鼠作为实验对象，医学研究中经常使用转基因老鼠。

Her first batch of rodents were tweaked so that their autophagosomes,

第一组老鼠被调整使得其细胞中的自噬体发出绿光，

structures that form around components which have been marked for recycling—glowed green.

这种结构形成的部分被用于再循环。

After these mice had spent half an hour on a treadmill,

这些老师被放在跑步机上半个小时后，

she found that the number of autophagosomes in their muscles had increased,

莱文博士发现它们肌肉中的自噬体增加了，

and it went on increasing until they had been running for 80 minutes.

直到跑了80分钟才停止增加。

To find out what, if anything, this exercise-boosted autophagy was doing for mice,

为了找出这种由锻炼刺激的自噬作用对老鼠有什么作用，

the team engineered a second strain that was unable to respond this way.

研究小组设计了另一组不能如此反应的老鼠。

Exercise, in other words, failed to stimulate their recycling mechanism.

换句话说，锻炼并没刺激再循环机制。

When this second group of modified mice were tested alongside ordinary ones,

当第二组的转基因老鼠和普通老鼠一起接受实验时，

they showed less endurance and had less ability to take up sugar from their bloodstreams.

它们的耐力逊于后者，也不能很好地从血液中吸收糖分。

There were longer-term effects, too.

还有长期影响。

In mice, as in people, regular exercise helps prevent diabetes.

老鼠和人一样，定期锻炼有助于预防糖尿病。

But when the team fed their second group of modified mice a diet designed to induce diabetes,

但是在研究小组给第二组转基因老鼠喂了一种专门用来诱发糖尿病的食物后，

they found that exercise gave no protection at all.

他们发现锻炼并没有任何预防效果。

Dr Levine and her team reckon their results suggest that manipulating autophagy may offer a new approach to treating diabetes.

莱文博士及其小组认为实验结果表明受到操纵的自噬作用有可能提供一种新的治疗糖尿病的方法。

And their research is also suggestive in other ways.

他们的研究在其他方面也有启示。

Autophagy is a hot topic in medicine,

自噬作用在医学界是个热门话题，

as biologists have come to realise that it helps protect the body from all kinds of ailments.

因为生物学家逐渐意识到它能抵御各种小病。

The virtues of recycling

再循环的功效

Autophagy is an ancient mechanism, shared by all eukaryotic organisms.

自体吞噬机制很古老，所有真核生物都有。

更多双语文章《点击这里

It probably arose as an adaptation to scarcity of nutrients.

它的产生可能是为了适应营养物质的缺乏的环境。

Critters that can recycle parts of themselves for fuel are better able to cope with lean times than those that cannot.

有些家畜能循环利用它们身体的一部分作为养料，这样的动物比其他的动物在食物匮乏期更容易生存。

But over the past couple of decades,

但是在过去几十年里，

autophagy has also been shown to be involved in things as diverse，

自体吞噬在其他很多地方也有所体现，

as fighting bacterial infections and slowing the onset of neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases.

比如对抗细菌感染、放缓老年痴呆症和亨丁顿舞蹈症等神经症状的发病。

Most intriguingly of all, it seems that it can slow the process of ageing.

最有趣的是，看起来它还延缓了老化过程。

Biologists have known for decades that feeding animals near-starvation diets can boost their lifespans dramatically.

生物学家几十年来都知道在动物保持接近饥饿的状态下喂食能大幅度提高它们的寿命。

Dr Levine was a member of the team which showed that an increased level of autophagy, brought on by the stress of living in a constant state of near-starvation,

莱文博士曾经工作的一个小组证明在长期接近饥饿的状态下生存的压力引起了自体吞噬水平的提高，

was the mechanism responsible for this life extension.

这种原理使得寿命延长。

The theory is that what are being disposed of in particular are worn-out mitochondria.

被处理掉的其实是衰弱的线粒体。

These structures are a cell's power-packs.

这种结构给细胞提供能量。

They are where glucose and oxygen react together to release energy.

在线粒体里，葡萄糖和氧气共同作用释放能量。

Such reactions, though, often create damaging oxygen-rich molecules called free radicals,

不过这种反应却常常制造出有害的富氧分子，即自由基，

which are thought to be one of the driving forces of ageing.