托福30天冲刺高分107
“fhrybb001”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇托福30天冲刺高分107，以下是小编帮大家整理后的托福30天冲刺高分107，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：托福30天冲刺高分107
【高分经验】30天冲刺高分107 托福“暴力”提分之道
对于托福考试的一些考试介绍我就不多说，诸如：考试科目的顺序、考试的报名、抢考位，在我看来，这些事情都应该在托福备考之前都详细的了解清楚，不要耽误了你的备考时间。先说一下我的成绩吧，我的成绩是107分：阅读28分，听力30分，口语22分,写作27分。只能说托福高手大有人在，我的成绩也只能说是不是特别高。
在备考的一个月时间里，官方真题Official应该是帮上了很大的忙，特别在最后的十天里，我基本上是每天刷上1-2套的题目。因为，在所有托福备考的材料中，相对于托福考试来说，官方真题Official有着最高的还原度。所以，在短时间内容冲刺托福考试，官方真题Official是最好的备考材料了。另外，就是托福机经，其实，现在对于机经的看法好像还是褒贬不一。不过，经历了一次托福考试以后，机经最为关键的并不是用或不用，而关键在于什么时候去用。口语和写作的机经真的非常重要，而在一定要在考前10天左右去看一些机经，才是最有效果的，过早去关心机经，其实对于备考并没有太大作用。
在托福考试的时候，词汇还是一个很大的问题，不过因为我平时比较喜欢看美剧，所以也是有着不错的基础。而且，在这里也是要提到，想要短期提升1万多词汇量并不是那么简单的。所以，词汇的累积还是需要在生活中慢慢积累的。而在冲刺考试的一个月中，我基本刷完了托福词汇440道经典题，非常非常重要。同时，也建议大家可以为自己准备一个生词本，遇到不会的单词记录一下，反复的记忆。
在托福考试中听力拿了满分，这也许有一部分的原因是因为比较喜欢追美剧。因为，毕竟美剧只能让我熟悉对话的场景，而托福的学术讲座类听力题也还是非常有难度的。而针对这样的一些问题，我主要还是建议大家采用听写的练习方式。而除了官方真题Official之外，我在听写练习中主要是用了sss的材料，每天一篇，由于其难度要高于托福听力，所以，坚持一段时间后，就会发现自己的听力能力有了很大提升。
最后，再提一下托福写作吧，其实，在备考之前我的写作能力只能说很一般。另外，我也没有太多时间去练习托福写作185题。所以，在写作练习中，就是考前10天一天写一篇针对考试那天机经上的题目(尽量每种类型都写到)。而且，一定是准确的把时间卡在30分钟里。
总之，对于托福考试来说，想要在短期内冲刺托福高分，备考资料和托福词汇等等都是一些不容忽视的环节，希望以上环节能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed art glass. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style
(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
(C) Production techniques for art glass
(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
2. The word one in line 4 refers to
(A) century
(B) development
(C) style
(D) coloration
3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass ?
(A) The distortion of the glass
(B) The appearance of the glass surface
(C) The shapes of the glass objects
(D) The size of the glass objects
4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
(A) to compare different Art Nouveau styles
(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists
(C) to explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States
(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world
5. The word prized in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved
6. The word overtaken in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
7. What does the author mean by stating that function should determine form (lines 23-24)?
(A) A useful object should not be attractive.
(B) The purpose of an object should influence its form.
(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.
(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it
(A) clearly distinguished between art and design
(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past
(D) was easily interpreted by the general public
9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?
(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.
(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.
(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.
(D) It was not attractive to architects and designers.
10. According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include
(A) a flowered design
(B) bright colors
(C) modern symbols
(D) a textured surface
PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA
托福阅读真题原题+题目
During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.
After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items — running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 — they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. Combines were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines — sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses — reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.
The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states — allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.
1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly
discuss?
(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production
(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms
(C) Farming practices before the Civil War
(D) The increase in the number of people farming
2. The word crucial in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) unbelievable
(C) important
(D) desirable
3. The phrase avail themselves in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) take care
(B) make use
(C) get rid
(D) do more
4. According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?
(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.
(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.
(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.
(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.
5. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?
(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.
(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.
(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.
(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.
6. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each
(A) could perform more than one function
(B) required relatively little power to operate
(C) was utilized mainly in California
(D) required two people to operate
7. The word they in line 19 refers to
(A) grain stalks
(B) threshing machines
(C) steam engines
(D) horses
8. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because
(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines
(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines
(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did
(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own
9. The word ponderous in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) advanced
(B) heavy
(C) complex
(D) rapid
PASSAGE 29 ACBDC ABDB
篇2：托福阅读冲刺高分技巧
托福阅读冲刺高分必备技巧分享 这3个要点不可不知
托福阅读冲高分提升词汇量是关键
各位如果觉得托福阅读考试很难的话，请你一定要肯拿出时间来背单词。磨刀不误砍柴工，这句话一点都不假。即使你用一周时间，能把80%的单词都记住，那也是很值得的。
托福阅读备考要采取怎样的做题顺序?
现在还有人问，先看问题再读文章，又说自己不习惯等等。其实，这个完全在你自己。如果你觉得“先看问题再读文章，而且找到答案就停止，再读下一个问题”这样很习惯，那就保持下去。如果你觉得整个文章读完再做心里踏实，那就读完好了。
第一题，一般都是主题题。先不管。从第二题开始，看问题，然后看是读第一段。不管有没有找到答案，把这一段读完再停。这样，如果词基本认识，句子结构比较清楚的话，答案差不多就出来了。接下来还是这样，即使那一段很长，我也是读完一整段再做题。
但是这里要强调一下。如果你的托福阅读水平不是特别高的话，当你读完一段，有些问题的答案你可能已经知道了，但是还是请定位到原文，再看一遍。看看问题问的是不是的确就是你得出的答案等等。总之一句话，托福阅读的答案都是从文章里来的，如果和文章矛盾了或者文章没有这些说法，那就肯定不是正确答案!
托福阅读高分离不开高效解题技巧
遇到不确定的题目，一定从原文找到定位，然后把肯定不对的选项排除。就算是瞎蒙，50%也比25%好。这个也是做主题题的一贯原则。等你把文章通篇都读完了，再回过头看这个题目的时候，不正确的说法就可以排除了(如果你也是最后做主题题的话，一定不要忘了，还有一道题!)
推荐托福阅读进行限时连续练习，就是每套题不超过53分钟，连续做两套。这可是最后的部分了，最容易疲劳的阶段，因此也需要适应性训练。同样在答题纸上写答案。错题看看是为什么错的，是不是因为定位没找对。把做过的阅读里出现的词对一下，就是那些单词题的正确选项都摘抄下来，尽管重复的几率不大，但是有些词是经常出现的。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：古代社会的性别不平等
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
词汇讲解：
inequality n. 不平等
pastoralist /'p?st?r?list/ n. 田园诗的作者，畜牧者
steep /sti?p/ adj. 陡峭的;(价格或要求)过高的，不合理的
hierarchy /'ha??rɑ?k?/ n. 等级制度
结构划分：
Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened (by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) (in most communities),and (also by the requirement) (that women acquire most of the skills of men),(including, often, their military skills).
深度分析：
这句话的重点其实就是：they seem to have been softened
修饰一：(by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) ，介词短语
中文：没有严格的财富等级制度
修饰二：(in most communities) ，介词短语
中文：在大多数群落中
修饰三：(also by the requirement) ，介词短语，注意这里的also by the requirement和by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth是并列的
中文：也需要
修饰四：(that women acquire most of the skills of men)，从句
中文：女性获得大多数男人的技能
修饰物：( including, often, their military skills)，介词短语
中文：包括常用军事技能
参考翻译：
性别不平等也已经存在于畜牧主义社会，但由于在大多数群落中并没有严格的财富等级制度，以及要求女性获得大多数男人的技能像军事技能，这种不平等似乎已经被缓解。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：动物的作息活动规律
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity——sleeping, feeding,moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves gene rate the observed biological rhythms.
词汇讲解：
metabolize /m?'t?b?la?z/ v. 新陈代谢
enzyme /'enza?m/ n.酵
hormone /'h??m??n/ n. 荷尔蒙，激素
rhythm /'r??(?)m/ n.节奏;节律，循环
internal /?n't??n(?)l/ adj.内在的，内部的
结构划分：
Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers (that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms).
深度分析：
这个句子主干部分:
Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is insteaddependent somehow on internal timers.
大家要在读的时候要注意忽略那些细节，尤其是破折号后面的。
比较难理解的是the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers.
这里就是A or B的结构：
A= isdriven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset
or
B= isinstead dependent somehow on internal timers
中文：关键问题是，动物的作息是否是由外界条件比如日出日落驱使，或者相反，是以某种方式依赖于。
修饰一：(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)，破折号，解释说明
中文：例如，睡觉、喂食、活动、繁殖、新陈代谢以及产生酶与荷尔蒙
修饰二：(that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms) ，从句，修饰internal timers
中文：自身产生并遵循的生物循环
参考翻译：
一般来说，动物活动的不断变化的程度——例如，睡觉、喂食、活动、繁殖、新陈代谢以及产生酶与荷尔蒙——与环境的循环十分同步，但关键问题是，动物的作息是否是由外界条件比如日出日落驱使，或者相反，是以某种方式依赖于自身产生并遵循的生物循环。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：外在信号与内在循环
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The disorienting effect s of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment.
词汇讲解：
disorient /d?s'?r??ntet/ vt. 使(人)迷失方向，使(人)混乱
persist /p?'s?st/ vi.坚持;持续
jet lag时差反应
synchronize /?s??kr??na?z/ v. 同时发生，与...一致
结构划分：
The disorienting effects(of this mismatch)(between external time cues and internal schedules)may persist, (like our jet lag), (for several days or weeks) (until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) (to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment).
深度分析：
这个句子主干部分就是The disorienting effects may persist
修饰一：(of this mismatch) ，介词短语
中文：这种不匹配
修饰二：(between external time cues andinternal schedules) ，介词短语
中文：在外在信号与内在循环之间
修饰三：(like our jet lag) ，介词短语
中文：像时差反应一样
修饰四：(for several days or weeks) ，介词短语
中文：几天或几周
修饰五：(until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) ，从句
中文：直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟
修饰六：(to synchronize with the dailyrhythm of the new environment) ，非谓语动词
中文：以便和新环境的日常循环同步
参考翻译：
外在信号与内在循环不匹配引起的错乱反应可能会持续(像时差反应一样)几天或几周，直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟以便和新环境的日常循环同步。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：电影行业的技术革新
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years. (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films)
词汇讲解：
prohibitive /pr?'h?b?t?v/ adj. (指价格等)高得买不起的;禁止性的
结构划分：
(In Europe) it took a little longer,(mainly because there were more small producers) (for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive),and ( in other parts of the world) problems (with rights or access to equipment) delayed the shift to sound production (for a few more years) ( though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films).
深度分析：
本句的主干就是一个并列结构：it took a little longer and problems delayed the shift to sound production
修饰一：(In Europe)，介词短语
修饰二：(mainly because there were more small producers)，从句
中文：主要是因为有更多小的制造商
修饰三：(for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive)，从句，修饰produces
中文：对于他们来说转换声音的成本巨大
修饰四：(with rights or access to equipment)，介词短语，修饰problems
中文：专利权以及设备的问题
修饰五：(for a few more years)，介词短语
修饰刘：(though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films)，括号，解释说明
中文：虽然在很多大城市的影院为了播放国外有声电影已经用线装好了设备
参考翻译：
欧洲花得时间要长一些，主要是因为有更多小的制造商，对于他们来说转换声音的成本巨大。在世界其它部分，专利权以及设备的问题延迟了向声音产业转变很多年。(虽然在很多大城市的影院为了播放国外有声电影已经用线装好了设备)
篇3：30天考研冲刺英语大作文高分攻略
考研复习进入最后的冲刺阶段，作文复习也是重之重，尤其是分值重要的大作文。下面研究生考试网就为考生介绍一些如何在30天考研冲刺复习阶段突破英语大作文。
考研英语大作文主要是主题句的写作。主题句作文也可以叫做段首句作文，考生将每段所给出主题句分别加以扩展，完成段落，然后由段落组成文章。主题句作文一般只给出三句主题句，所以属于一种简单的三段式作文。在写作这种题目的作文时，考生只要正确领悟每个主题句的意思，然后对每段的主题句进行阐述，内容应当展开，可以是对主题句的解释，可以是例证，也可以提供理由或细节。
篇4：30天考研冲刺英语大作文高分攻略
对主题句进行展开时，要学会取舍，有的观点见解独到或是非常精彩，但是在表达时会有问题，考生本身的英语水平可能无法把这个观点表达清楚，这时应该果断地放弃这一观点。
(1)图画作文根据提示要写成三段，第一段要描写整个图画，第二段写象征含义，第三自然段写原因或目的，或者提出建议或措施。至于具体如何分段，一定要认真审题!!所以每一位考生走进考场必须有这样的概念，如何起始段落，如何写象征含义，如何阐释原因，必须做到心中有数。
(2)对于作文中的第一段，很多考生常常没有给予足够的重视。由于阅卷官在阅卷时对第一自然段一定会仔细看，所以第一自然段一定要“出彩”。第二自然段则要求流畅，结尾段但求无过，但第二、第三自然段的主题句一定要有“亮点”词汇。研究生入学考试是选拔性的考试，考生多去思考我是如何超越他人，多积累亮点词汇就是很好的方法。
(3)在仔细分析近几年考研英语真题后发现，图画分成两大类，一类是静态图，二是动态图。近两年的趋势是喜欢出双图题。无论是动态图还是静态图，我们都可以用As vividly depicted shown in the cartoon去起开始段。后面的.句子要按照：“先总体描述，再具体细节，最后细微特征”这样的逻辑顺序来组织语言。这样很符合英语的“先总后分”的思维方式，文章的的结构也会显得异常的清晰。
(4)如果有的同学觉得自己的水平不够，还可以在描写之前加上一个万能的“引入话题”的句子，这样很容易凑足字数。比如刚才所说的题，我们就可以加上：______________ has become a hot topic among people， especiallyamong the young， and heated debates are right on their way.这样就很轻松地搞定了作文的起始段。由于考官会重点看起始段落，考生第一段写得好，自然会对整篇文章的评分产生深远的影响。
考研频道。篇5：托福口语备考冲刺高分经验
托福口语备考冲刺高分经验
临阵磨枪，不快也光
要想在考试中拿高分，说到底，还是得靠平时的积累和练习。时间充裕的考生可以参考各路备考指南攻略，买定参考资料，专心研究，多做录音并回放，找出优点和不足，不断改进。
真是到了临考一两个月或者更短的时候才想来要备考的考生，也不可以放任自流。在练习和考试的时候就要注意多抓重点，听的时候要注重主要地方和答疑，不要被一些细枝末节的地方干扰，要培养起对考试的熟悉程度和临考的自信心，有一套自己的练习方案，真正做到“临阵磨枪，不快也光”。
知己知彼，百战不殆
知己，不需赘言了，每一个人英语口语水平，自己心里大体都可以有个客观准确的评断，不太确定的通知可以找套真题给自己录个音便大体知晓了。
知彼，也就是了解考题。我们这里说的了解考题，不仅是对考试的题型有所认识，了解评分标准，而是通过了解题目去分析和掌握英语口语表达的逻辑和语言习惯。很多考生难以开口说英语的很大原因就在于不知道怎么说是正确的，害怕出错，所以羞于张口。所有语言都是相同的，口头表达的底子每个人都有，词汇的底子大都也是够用的，我们所要知道的恶就是英语的表达和中文表达的不同之处即：
1. 中文的语言描述相对抽象，英文更注重细节的描写。例如，中文说“电影院里很吵闹”，英文就会表达成 “children are crying, old people are coughing and couples are whispering in the cinema.”
2. 句子和句子之间，中文多靠上下文的意思去联系彼此之间的关系。英文则大都要使用逻辑连接词。
3. 中文更倾向于含蓄的表达，有时为了说理有力，甚至用一个故事去引入要叙述的话题，而英文则习惯于单刀直入，开门见山。
托福口语：否定句型练习
否定句型：
1. There is not a moment to be lost. 分秒必争。
2. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。
3. Not a soul was anywhere visible. 到处见不到一个人。
4. I felt sorry for not coming in time. 我很抱歉没准时到。
5. I don’t think it is right to make such a hasty decision. 我认为如此仓促做决定是不正确的。
6. Everybody, it is true, wouldn’t like it. 的确并不是人人都喜欢它。
7. I don’t wholly agree. 我并不完全同意。
8. All my plans came to nothing. 我的一切计划都没实现。
9. I shall never do it, not under any circumstances. 我不会做那事的，
10. I’ll not do such a thing, not I. 我不会干这种事的，决不会。
11. I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings. 我对这种行为不能赞同，哪里还说得上参加。
12. I did not even see him, still less shake hands with him. 我看都没看见他，哪里还可能同他握手呢?
13. I never thought of it, let alone did I do it. 我想都没想到它，更谈不上去做了。
14. Little remains to be said. 简直没什么可说的了。
15. I have hardly ever been out of Beijing. 我几乎未曾离开过北京。
16. I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone. 你走后我很少看见他，几乎可说完全没见过他。
17. I could not help showing my pleasure. 我不禁喜形于色。
18. I cannot but admire his courage. 我不得不赞美他的勇气。
19. I never see you but I think of my brother. 我每次见到你就想起我的兄弟来。(我没有一次不是见到你就想起我的兄弟来。)
20. It simply will not do. 那是绝对不行的。
托福口语：极速语法讲解
第一讲：
Part I：极速词法
1、all the time一直; 2、it’s not that…but that…不是…而是…;
3、persist in 坚持; 4、that good那么好;
5、wouldn’t say that我可不会这么说; 6、that much那么多;
7、it takes time to do sth.做某事花时间; 8、how come为什么，怎么会;
9、in order to为了，以便; 10、innocent adj. 清白的，无辜的;
11、so that以便，为了; 12、understand vt. 理解，明白;
13、that’s the point对了，关键就在这; 14、so as to以便，为了;
15、cheat vt. 欺骗; 16、home address 家庭地址;
17、come over过去，过来; 18、didn’t mean to没有﹍的意思;
19、hurt one’s feeling伤害某人的感情; 20、chat over a cup of tea边喝茶边聊天
Part II：极速句法
对话1
Jenny:Say, can’t you speak English? We’re learning English and we should practice speaking it all the time.
Angel:Well, it’s not that I can’t speak it but that I don’t want to speak it now. I’ve been speaking English all day, and I’m really feeling tired.
Jenny:Come on, Angel. If you persist in speaking it every day, you won’t feel tired any more.
Angel:You know, it’s not that I don’t want to do it but that I can’t do it. My English isn’t that good yet.
Jenny:I wouldn’t say that. Speaking English is very easy in fact.
Angel:It’s not that speaking English is difficult but that I still haven’t learned that much.
Jenny:Well, if you think you still haven’t learned enough for you to speak well, then you should work really hard.
Angel:It’s not that I don’t work hard but that it takes time for me learn it well.
对话2
Joan:How come you said that to her?
Jane:I said that to her in order to let her know I was innocent. Why did you say that to her?
Joan:I said that to her so that she would know I hadn’t known the truth.
Jane:Yes, we should let her know the truth so that she would understand everything.
Joan:That’s the point. We should tell her everything so as to let her know who was helping her and who was cheating her.
Jane:I also asked her for her home address so that I could come over to see her.
Joan:Yes, we could come over to see her so as to let her know we are her real friends.
Jane:You are right. Now, let’s finish our work quickly in order to go see her this evening.
精美语句
1.It’s not that I don’t want to tell you the truth but that I have promised Maggie I won’t tell anyone.
2.I’ve been working hard all day and now I do need a good rest. I really deserve it.
3.She has persisted in learning English and Japanese in the past ten years.
4.I don’t think my English is that good. Actually, I’m still learning.
5.I don’t think the movie was that interesting. In fact, I fell asleep during the most exciting scene!
6.Your English is very good.—I wouldn’t say that. There’s still a lot for me to learn.
7.Studying for a test is actually very boring.
8.It takes a few years time to learn to speak English well.
9.How come you were late for class this morning?
10.You know, I failed the English test again!—How come?
11.I got up early this morning in order to come to class on time.
12.I didn’t tell her the truth so that she wouldn’t be worried about me.
13.I’ve borrowed some money from my roommate so as to buy a birthday present for my girlfriend.
14.To learn English well, I need to do a lot of reading first.—That’s the point.
15.I didn’t mean to cheat you, but I didn’t want to hurt your feeling.
16.Do you happen to have Judy’s home address?
17.Say, why don’t you come over sometime? We can chat over a cup of tea.
18.All right, don’t do anything about it until I come over!
托福口语
篇6：托福写作冲刺高分作文赏析
托福写作冲刺高分作文赏析
几乎所有拿高分作文的学生，对于独立写作最基础部分的把握可以说是天衣无缝的。何为最基础的部分?打字。托福写作较于其他三个科目不同，对于打字有着比较高的要求。尤其是独立写作，30分钟的时间需要至少写到300字以上，何况，在考场，环境和平时练习又是不一样的状况，想要在写作中拿到不错的分数，打字这个基本功是绝对不能拖后腿的。一方面，打字的速度要快，通俗说就是手速，需要考生充分熟悉键盘。另一方面，打字的准确性也是需要保证的，换言之，打出的单词要保证基本是无误的才可以，只有速度没有准确性也是不行的。和手写的习惯不同，这要求学生要学会在电脑上迅速反应出自己文章的中是否有错的单词。所以建议一些对打字不熟练或者经常打错单词的同学，平时可以多练习一下打字练习，勤能补拙。
说完基础，接下来我们就从W同学的文章来看一下，她之所以能够拿高分的原因。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend money helping more people access the Internet instead of improving public transportation.
Although, in recent decades, there has been a growing need for Internet access and the government has been strongly advised to increase its budget in this area, I personally think that it is more essential for the government to spend money on the improvement of public transportation than on more access to Internet.
首先，原题中有提到一个非常关键的词instead of，这其实就要求学生在写作时两边进行比较论证。我们可以很清楚的看到W同学对题目的正解，it is more essential…。大家都清楚，对于独立写作，ETS评分标准第一个就是address the topic and task。那么高分的作文就是effectively address the topic and task。
无一例外，高分文章处理的最漂亮的不是单词用的多么生僻，句子写的多么冗长，而是对文章题目的把握。题目理解错或不到位都会直接影响到接下来的论证，无疑就是“上梁不正下梁歪”。
For one thing, public transportation influences our life in a deeper and wider aspect than it is assumed. In fact, the great impact on the Internet is still not as comparable as public transportation. What is easily recognized is people’s need to commute back and forth between their homes and workplaces, or to travel from one city to another. Convenient public transportation shortens the distance between different locations, makes our traveling experience more acceptable and even enjoyable, and saves us plenty of time for a tasty meal or a good rest instead of wasting a large amount of time on a long tedious journey. What most people may not be easily aware of, on the other hand, is that public transportation also influences the quality of consumer goods taken from the factories or farmland over a long journey to its target customers. Take the infant formula of milk powder as an example, it is the common wishes of mothers to let their babies enjoy the freshest and highest-quality milk. However, if the production base of milk is a little bit far from the milk origin, the quality of the milk will likely deteriorate if there is no convenient public transportation such as expressways or airlines. Even after the milk power is produced, it may still have a long way to go to reach the babies, and without reliable public transportation, the packaging might easily break up or the products might be moistened due to increased humidity on the way.
这里截取了W同学两个分论点论证的第一个分论点论证。在段落的开始，她直接给出了分论点public transportation influences our life in a deeper and wider aspect than it is assumed. 尤其注意分论点中的deeper and wider，比较级突出了为何更应该投钱在public transportation上，符合总论点所需要回答的理由。也就是说从文章的结构上来看，分论点必须符合两个要求，第一回答总论点，第二总结分论点段的内容。很多同学在写独立写作的时候常常是写完总论点就把总论点要求论证的东西忘了，写完所谓的分论点就把分论点给抛了，之后的论证五花八门。这样一盘散沙式的论证无疑直接降低了拿高分的几率。所以，脑洞大，有想法是好事，但是也要符合“游戏”规则才行。在之后的论证中，我们可以看到W同学，运用了我们所熟悉的说理还有举例论证，层层递进把分论点论证清楚了。
According to the aforementioned discussions, it is apparent that public transportation not only plays an important role in our individual life, but can also contribute to making the earth a greener place. Therefore, the government should spend money on improving public transportation instead of increasing internet access.
关于结尾段的论述，就是对上述分论点的总结并且转述观点，言简意赅，不需要添加新的内容。
所以，不难看出，拿到高分的独立写作，首先保证打字速度和准确度;当然关键还是在于处理文章所给的题目，不偏题不跑题，在论证时，思维严谨，交代清楚细节。最后，语言不宜口语化。
准备：制定整体的计划
对于很多同学来说，备考托福是一个“功到自然成”的事情，也就是说，大家往往都会认为只要不断在做题目，不断在背诵词汇，到了差不多的时间去参加考试，总是没有问题的。但是，时间并不是我们想象中的那么简单。如果凡事没有一个明确的deadline， 我们的习惯就是有多少时间就浪费掉多少时间，所以，如果还没有报名的同学首先应该强迫自己报上名，这样对于考试就会有一种紧迫性。
而当自己的时间显得特别紧张的时候，这计划就是显得尤为的重要。而在托福考试的备考中，制定计划的关键是“量身定做，细化步骤”。比如，想要在2-4周内提升自己的托福听力能力，那么，我们就要分清是突击conversation还是lecture，每天练习的时间和相关的题目等等细节问题。
练习：掌握机经的使用
在托福备考练习的时候，机经应该是所有学生都会去关注的焦点问题。同样，还有很多学生会把自己的考试都押注在托福的机经预测上。但是，对于托福考试来说，这也是个很大的误区，机经的定义是前人考过的题目的回忆。既然是回忆，就有不准确的地方。可是很多同学还是把机经等同于答案。新托福考试，适当的看机经是有用的，最起码会让我们把握最新的考试题型，明白出题者的思路等，但是，备考托福是实力为王。
冲刺：学会使用模考软件
想要让自己快速适应托福考场的考试环境，在托福考试之前，尝试使用托福模考软件是必不可少的。但是，现在市面上的托福模考软件颇多，我们又该如何合理的使用呢?在什么样的时间里使用模考软件才是最佳呢?在这里建议大家，在考前一个月左右练习使用模考软件，是最为合理的时间。而在模考软件的选择中，可以首选delta，之后再使用longman、kaplan、barron。而在最后，我们就可以使用官方真题Official来测试自己的托福真实水平。
总之，对于托福备考来说，除了每天的练习之外，备考计划和备考机经等等都是备考中一些不可忽略的细节，希望以上的内容能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.
In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.
In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.
One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability — rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.
(B) Causes and effects of rent control
(C) The fluctuations of rental prices
(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.
2. The word They in line 9 refers to
(A) the tenants
(B) their leases
(C) places
(D) rent controls.
3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,California?
(A) rapid population growth
(B) inflation
(C) economic conditions during wartime
(D) record-high housing prices
4. The phrase roll back in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) credit
(B) measure
(C) vary
(D) reduce
5. The word stimulating in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) experimenting with
(B) identifying
(C) estimating
(D) encouraging
6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to
(A) protect tenants
(B) promote construction
(C) increase vacancy rates
(D) decrease sales of rental units
7. The word depressed in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) saddened
(B) created
(C) lowered
(D) defeated
8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?
(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.
(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units
(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control
(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.
9. According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?
(A) Santa Monica
(B) Dallas
(C) San Francisco
(D) New York City
10. The word stringent in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) straightforward
(B) strict
(C) expanded
(D) efficient
11. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?
(A) Luxury apartments
(B) Commercial development
(C) Moderately priced apartments
(D) Office space.
PASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C
托福阅读真题原题+题目
By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.
By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: limner was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; painter characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.
Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) European influence on colonial American painting
(B) The importance of patronage to artist
(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century
(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century.
2. The word outbreak in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) cause
(B) beginning
(C) position
(D) explanation
3. The word undergone in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) led to
(B) transformed
(C) preferred
(D) experienced
4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to
(A) paint wheel carriages
(B) paint portraits
(C) varnish furniture
(D) paint flat surfaces
5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England
(A) considered artists to be superior to painters
(B) barely painted portraitists
(C) were often very wealthy
(D) imitated English painters
6. The word consorted in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) made decisions
(B) studies
(C) agreed
(D) associated
7. The word sufficient in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) adequate
(B) temporary
(C) friendly
(D) expensive
8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings
(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings
(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings
(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism
(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists
9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which of
the following?
(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art
(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art
(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists
(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists
10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.
(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.
(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.
(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.
PASSAGE 32 CBDBA DACBD
篇7：30天考研冲刺复习之数学高分攻略
考研复习进入最后的冲刺阶段，考研数学一直是很重要的一门公共课。下面研究生考试网就为考生介绍一些如何在30天考研冲刺复习阶段考研数学。
30天考研冲刺复习：典型题目精选精练
数学是一门逻辑严密的基础学科，想靠押题过关是行不通的，在冲刺阶段也要做一些典型题，把基本功练熟练透，巩固做题的感觉，尽量做到一题多解，一题多变。还要训练抽象思维能力，对一些基本定理的证明、基本公式的推导以及基本练习题，不用写下来，就象棋手下盲棋一样，只用脑子默想整个分析运算过程，最后得出正确答案，这样练习到最后才能做到训练有素，熟能生巧。这时候也要根据自己总结的`笔记有针对性地复习，在短时间内理解知识点并加深记忆，以前做错的题目隔几天就要重温一遍，然后好好总结自己的掌握程度，总结的过程，就是知识在脑中有序存储的过程，切忌看完书上的答案和解题分析，说一声“原来如此”就结束了，否则上了考场也只会落得“似曾相识，却无可奈何”的下场。做题是为了辅助理解记忆和保持“手感”，因此要精选精练，不能陷入题海里去，只要确定自己掌握了应考知识点并能熟练应用，就可以放到一边去了。
30天考研冲刺复习：提炼精华内容和数学方法
到了冲刺阶段，要拿出考试大纲过一遍。从历年考试内容的分布看，凡是考纲提及的内容都可能考到，甚至某些不太重要的内容，也有可能会出现在大题中。全面复习要把记忆性内容缩到最小程度，一旦记住就要记牢，其他延伸性知识可以在运用基本知识的基础上，通过逻辑联系得出。考纲对知识点有理解、了解和知道三个层次的要求，对数学方法有掌握、会(能)两个层次的要求。其中，要求理解的内容和要求掌握的方法是考试的重点，出现在考题上的概率较大，所占分数也较多。在把书读薄的同时，一定要突出重点，在主要内容和方法上多下功夫，寻找重点内容与次要内容之间的联系，用重点内容提挈全部内容。主要内容理解透了，其他的内容和方法也就迎刃而解。
这一阶段的复习也需要做笔记。课本上的知识点过细，其中大部分也已经掌握，这时只要把精华内容和常考知识点(包括公式、解题方法)以及自己掌握不好的地方总结在一个本子上，复习间歇就直接看这个本子，随时拿出来翻一翻，记一记。这些基础知识如果一段时间不看就会生疏，用的时候拿不准，所以，每天把笔记带在身上，就像英语单词小册子一样，经常温习，既提高了复习效率，也维持了题感。
考研频道。篇8：托福阅读冲刺25+高分经验干货
托福阅读冲刺25+必备高分经验干货分享
1.平时练习怎么做?
错误做法：“文章看一下，题目做一下，然后对一下答案，看着答案思考一下，说服自己答案是对的，自己选错了，就过了”
正确做法：错题分析一定要写出来，而且错题总结一定要等两天，忘掉答案的时候再做才有效果。做完题，要问自己——文章能复述出来吗?下次再给你做这些题目能保证全对吗?如果答案是否定的，那就是在做无用功;后面就不要做新题了，先把老题做透吧。
2. 如何备考词汇题?
词汇题是阅读高分的第一道关卡，总共30道题里至少有4-5道左右的词汇题。词汇题所占分值高，重复率非常高比较容易拿分，考到的词又都是对句子理解至关重要的词，所以这部分一定要重视。这些题目里面，同学们一般对一半左右的题有把握，其他的只能靠上下文或者构词法猜测。但事实上，词汇题考查的词汇都是较高频的学术词汇，如果这些词都没背熟练，那上下文估计也是看不懂的。况且，托福的词汇题就是考察vocabulary，能够说得通的词不一定对，因为要看能否替换原词。
3.先看文章还是先看题?
这个问题其实因人而异——如果你看文章的时候看完就忘记，啥都记不得，那建议你先读题再去读文章，这样可以有针对性地寻找信息。如果你是读完题就被题目带走，或者经常找错考点句的话，那还是老老实实先把段落读完。
很多同学会在做题之前很快读一下每段首句。这很好，但不能只读首句，因为有时段首句并非主旨句，而是transitional sentence(过渡句)，那这时候尾句的总结就一定要看，这样才能对全段有更好的把握。
阅读课上我们都会强调让学生先读文章。因为阅读考试的终极目标就是上大学之后，学生有阅读参考书和论文的能力。很多同学担心时间不够，那至少也要读首尾句，对文章的整体框架有所把握，因为阅读考试的趋势就是越考越综合。
4. 如何处理难题?
很多同学跟我讲，考场上遇到没把握的题目会纠结，心态反而受影响。大家一定要清醒地认识到，不是所有的题目你都能快速选出来。对这些题目，与其耗时纠结，不如先放着。做题时的纠结会导致做下一题时还想着上一题。最好的解决方案就是做笔记，把纠结的题号和选项先记下来，之后有时间再回来看。
托福阅读长难句100句：大气引擎
This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. (43, TPO6)
词汇：
embody /?m'b?d?/ v. 体现(想法﹑ 感情等)，使(想法﹑ 感情等)具体化;包括或含有某物
revolutionary /'r?v?'l???'n?ri/ adj. 革命的
employ = make use of sb/sth 使用
分析：
修饰一：(invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen,) ，插入语，修饰this “atmospheric engine”，大家注意这里的断句，This “atmospheric engine” embodied revolutionary principles被隔开了，断句很重要
中文：由Thomas Savery发明并由他的搭档Thomas Newcomen大力改善的
修饰二：(that it could not be employed outside the coal mines) ，从句，so…that结构
中文：不能在煤矿的以外的地方使用
修饰三：(for which it had been designed.) ，从句，修饰coal mines
中文：引擎被设计
参考翻译：
这个由Thomas Savery发明并由他的搭档Thomas Newcomen大力改善的“大气引擎”体现了革命性的原理，但它如此慢和浪费燃料以致于不能再煤矿的以外的地方使用，尽管原来是这么设计的。
托福阅读长难句100句：蒸汽印刷厂
At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather thanthirty. (31, TPO6)
分析：
修饰一：(run by steam) ，非谓语动词，修饰printing presses，大家注意这里的run不是谓语动词，而是后面的found，这里易混
中文：通过蒸汽运行
修饰二：(by hand)，介词短语，修饰printing presses，注意rather than，超级高频短语，之前也碰到过了，它是一个介词，“而不是”
中文：而不是通过手
修饰三：(to produce a thousand pages in anhour rather than thirty.) ，非谓语，it指代这里的内容
中文：生产一千张纸在一个小时内而不需要三十小时。
主干：operators found it possible
参考翻译：
同时，第一批通过蒸汽运行而不是通过手动的蒸汽印刷厂的操作者们发现在一个小时内生产一千张纸是有肯能的，而不需要三十小时。
托福阅读长难句100句：冶金术发展
Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. (50)
词汇：
metallurgy /'m?t?l?d?i/ n. 冶金 (术,学)
ingenious /?n'd?in??s/ adj.
1(指人)善於用新 的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的，心灵手巧的
2(指物件)设计独特而精巧的;
3(指主意)别出心裁的, 奇妙的
furnace /'f?n?s/ n. 熔炉
分析：
修饰一：(run by steam) ，非谓语动词，修饰printing presses，大家注意这里的run不是谓语动词，而是后面的found，这里易混
中文：通过蒸汽运行
修饰二：(by hand)，介词短语，修饰printing presses，注意rather than，超级高频短语，之前也碰到过了，它是一个介词，“而不是”
中文：而不是通过手
修饰三：(to produce a thousand pages in anhour rather than thirty.) ，非谓语，it指代这里的内容
中文：生产一千张纸在一个小时内而不需要三十小时。
主干：operators found it possible
参考翻译：
修饰一：(Unlike in the Americas),介词短语
中文：不像在美洲
修饰二：(where metallurgy was a very late and limited development) ,从句
中文：冶金术发展非常晚而且有限
修饰三：(developing ingenious furnaces) ,非谓语动词
中文：发展了独特而精巧的熔炉
修饰四：(to produce the high heat neededfor production),非谓语动词
中文：它可产生冶铁所需要的高温
修饰五：(to control the amount of air) ,非谓语动词
中文：控制空气的数量
修饰六：( that reached the carbon and ironore) ，从句，修饰air
中文：接触碳和铁矿
修饰七：(necessary for making iron. ) ，形容词短语，修饰air
中文：对于冶铁是有必要的
主干：Africanshad iron from a relatively early date
参考翻译：
不像在美洲，那里冶金术发展非常晚而且有限，而非洲拥有铁比较早，他们发展了独特而精巧的熔炉，它可产生冶铁所需要的高温，并且控制接触碳和铁矿的空气用量以满足冶铁需要。
托福阅读真题回忆及参考答案
Passage 6
Topic 生物学
Chemical and Biological Weathering
Content Review （重复 .10.20）
土壤的风化作用主要分为两类：化学风化（chemical weathering）与生物风化（biological weathering）。化学风化作用包括氧化、碳酸化（carbonation）以及自然风化。有的岩石 较难发生风化作用，比如石英（quartz）。而有些岩石较易风化，留下多孔的痕迹。比如 石灰石（limestone）接触到空气中的氧气，加上环境湿润，就会逐渐风化。而干旱的环 境则不太容易发生
生物风化作用是指植物在岩石表面生长，根部会压迫岩石的裂隙，植物可以汲取风化作 用后土壤里的矿物质。但植物的根部力量往往被高估，植物的扩张确实会导致岩石破裂， 但通常化学风化与生物风化是同时发生的。风化有助于形成更多的土壤。
Passage 7
Topic 地质学
Magma 岩浆
Content Review（重复 .01.12）
由于火山种类不同，会产生两种岩浆（magma），B 与 G，其中一种凝固速度快因为有大 量二氧化硅（silica），还讲了压力（pressure）高低对其差异的影响
Passage 8
Topic 天文学
Middle Class of Society Structure 社会中的中产阶级
Passage 9
Topic
The Problem of Micro Plastic 塑料颗粒问题
Content Review
第 1 段科学家指出百分之十的塑料都汇入到海里。因为其密度不高，所以漂浮在水面上， 继而被海浪击打磨损成碎片。
第 2 段提到如今漂浮在海上的塑料并不多，只有 7000-35000tons。
第 3 段给出理由，是因为海洋中会有 storm 和一些常规的 movement,这些都使得塑料沉 到海洋底部。
第 4 段提到，大部分的海洋生物也会以 plastic 为食，尤其是一些无脊椎的动物，但是来 自工厂的一些污染物质被它们，也会构成一定伤害
第 5 段提到一种生物 copepod 吃一些小海藻（包含 micro plastic),之后行动缓慢，下很少 的蛋
Passage 10
Topic
How We Are Aging 变老的奥秘
Passage 11
Topic 考古学
Extinction of the Mammoths
Content Review (重复 2018.06.30,.10.28)
介绍猛犸象（Mammoths）生活和灭绝的时间。猛犸象生活在距今 180 万~1.1 万年期间 的更新世（Pleistocene），在这一时代结束之时基本灭绝，原因主要是气候变化。气候灭 绝理论认为距今 1.3 万年-1 万年的时候，气温上升了 6℃，夏天变的更长更热，冬天变得 更长更冷，温和气候时间持续较短。这就影响了食草动物们的食物，也即是植被的生长。 该理论模型认为，如果猛犸象常常食用三种类型的食物 A, B, C，气候变化后，会使得这 几种植物生长地理位置发生变化，不再生长在同一处区域。
虽然猛犸象随着水草迁徙，但因为猛犸象赖以生存的植被生长区的变化，导致猛犸象不 再像以前一样能获得足够的营养，所以体型变小，数量减少。同时，因为植被导致了猛 犸象的迁徙，使得猛犸象的种群数量被隔离成很小的种群，不同种群之间无法繁殖。小 种群内部的繁殖导致基因质量越来越差，最终灭绝。证据表明，生活在欧亚大陆的猛犸 象就符合上面给出的气候灭绝理论模型，而与因为食物减少、营养降低导致猛犸象灭绝 的理论相违背。因为虽然气候变化，但北美地区的哥伦比亚猛犸象能够很容易迁徙到附近160 公里的水草丰美的地方，但是哥伦比亚猛犸象还是灭绝了。气候变化灭绝理论受 到质疑，是因为猛犸象生活的更新世 Pleistocene 期间至少有个 22 次较大的气候周期变 化，之前的气候变化都没有导致猛犸象灭绝，而它们却在这一次灭绝了，是说不通的。
词汇题：
1. mundane=ordinary普通的
2. drastically=extremely非常
3. substantially=massively大量地
4. segregate=separate分离
5. facilitate=make easier使容易
6. estimate=calculate approximately估计
7. eventually=ultimately最终
8. proponent=supporter支持者
9. inevitably=unavoidably不可避免地
10. refined=improved改善
11. revert=back to回到...上
12. rival=competitor对手
13. prosperous=thriving繁荣的
14. speculate= puts forward as a possibility 假设
15. promote=encourage促进
16. swift=fast快速的
17. rigid=stiff僵硬的
18. inadvertently=unintentionally非故意地
19. gradually=slowly逐渐的
20. diverse=varied多样的
21. compensated=made up for补偿
22. refuge=protected庇护
23. critically=dangerously危急地
24. decisive=determining决定性的
25. apparent=seeming表面的
26. submerged=put under water淹没
27. occasionally=sometimes偶尔地
篇9：2招助你冲刺托福写作更高分
2招助你冲刺托福写作更高分
第1招：建立清晰的框架
写作不仅考查语言的表达，还考查思路的表达，新托福评分标准中就有这样一项：well organized and well developed。所以要想拿到一个理想的托福成绩，在写作中，给考官展现自己清楚的文章思路是很重要的，不管内容表达如何，我们首先要做到的就是框架清晰。
区分段落是最简单直接的方法。看到这里，可能有人会觉得好笑，但是真的是有学生考试一着急，加上时间紧，就忘记了分段，所以我们这里还要再强调一下。一般综合写作建议分为4个自然段：第一段总述听力和阅读中的观点，后面三个自然段分点具体阐述(一个论点一个自然段，一般综合写作都会给出三方面的具体内容)。不建议只分两个自然段：一段总述，一段分析。因为分析部分还是需要清楚地告诉阅卷人，文章和听力总共表述了几层意思。如果都写在一些，容易给阅卷人造成漏点的假象。独立写作建议分为五个自然段：第一段引出论题，阐述自己的观点，中间三个自然段分三个方面阐述自己的理由，最后一个自然段进行总结。(如果只想到了两点原因，也可以写四个自然段，但是需要达到字数要求)
每一自然段的内容阐述建议按照以下顺序表达：主要观点 —— 具体阐述 —— 举例说明。我们在表达英文时，一定要记住，写每一个自然段的时候，都要首先提出主要观点。因为中英文表达逻辑不一样，中文习惯铺垫，我们写中文文章时，很喜欢在前面铺垫抒情，写了半天还不见主要观点，这是一种意境。但是在外国人的思想中，他们更喜欢直截了当的表达，所以每段第一句话，先把观点给他们，接下去再进行具体的阐述，这样阅卷人就会比较清楚地 get 到你想要表达的意思了。
第2招：写完文章要自查
在考试的过程中，文章写完之后还需要留出2-3分钟的时间进行自查，这一步也很重要的。因为是机考，我们需要把内容敲在屏幕上，所以在写作过程中，就避免不了会出现一些比较低级的错误，比如拼写，如果错误较多，就算文章写得不错，也会影响到阅卷人的心情，自然，分数也就达不到预期的效果。总的来看，大家经常会出现以下几种错误，我们总结一下，以便大家自查。
自查1：拼写错误
在考试中，考生会遇到两种情况：一种是打字的误打，另一种是对单词本身 记忆的错误，因此不仅需要考生在平时的备考过程中多多进行上机练习，熟悉用键盘打字，还要求考生在平时注意背单词的精确性。
自查2：时态错误
托福写作除了拿过去事件作为例子用过去时态之外，一般使用现在时态，所以大家在检查的时候需要注意时态的运用，千万不能各种时态混用。
自查3：词性错误
英文中，每种词性都有具体的用法，最常见的词性错误是形容词和副词的混用，检查时需要重点关注一下。
自查4：句子表达是否完整
受中文影响，很多同学在英语写作中经常会出现一些表达不完整或者特别中式的句子。在写英语句子时，我们一定要遵循五大句型的句子结构，然后再将修饰成分填充进去，切记简单粗暴的词词对应。另外这里还需要强调一点，考生不能为了追求句子表达所谓的“高大上”去乱用句子，正所谓用错还不如不用。
综上，我们主要从结构安排和自查两个方面跟大家强调了一下托福写作考试中需要注意的小细节，保证这些细节不犯错误，就能够保证我们不会失掉一些不必要的失分。
托福写作15个优质亮点句型汇总
在托福备考的过程中，大家要学会搜集精彩句型，直到运用自如。只有不断地练习，才可以熟能生巧，融会贯通。下面为大家整理15个托福写作优质句子，如果大家能够熟练运用，就可以为自己的托福作文增加亮点。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
2. Of the millions who saw Haley‘s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
5. Insgroupsto remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one‘s meaning.
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
10. The knee is the jointswheresthe thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
12. Billie Holiday‘s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language， they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areasswheresonce nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
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