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1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题下

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篇1：1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题下

1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（下）

Questions 31-40

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in

ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based

on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The

argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human

beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal

changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various

means, to control these unknown and feared powers.

Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results

were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed

rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the

mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were

abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and

provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also

argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because

music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.

Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances,

and when the entire community did not participate, a

clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and

the “auditorium.” In addition, there were performers, and

since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes

in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed

that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often

impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings,

and mimed the desired effect - success in hunt or battle,

the coming rain, the revival of the Sun - as an actor

might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated

from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater s origin from the

human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales

(about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated,

at first through the use of impersonat

篇2：1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题上

1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（上）

Question 1-9

The ocean bottom C a region nearly 2.5 times greater

than the total land area of the Earth C is a vast frontier that

even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a

century ago, the deep C ocean floor was completely inaccessible,

hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,6000 meters deep.

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds

of times greater than at the Earth s surface, the deep C ocean

bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some

ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.

Although researchers have taken samples of deep C ocean

rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global

investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until

1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation s

Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first

developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP s drill

ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady

position on the ocean s surface and drill in very deep waters,

extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.

The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15 C year

research program that ended in November 1983. During

this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took

almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at

624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger s

core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the

planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to

calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the

future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered

during the Glomar Challenger s voyages, nearly all earth scientists

agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental

drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape

the Ea

篇3：《8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》

《198月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》

Question 1-10

In the 1600 s when the Spanish moved into what later

was to become the southwestern United States, they encoun-

tered the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni

peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the Basket

Makers, the Anasazi, or the Ancient Ones, had lived in the

area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural

people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.

The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe and

wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in pits and were

entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D., the

Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them

together into rambling multistoried complexes, which the

Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate subterranean rooms

in these pueblos---known as kivas or chapels---were set aside

for religious ceremonials. Each kiva had a fire pit and a hole

that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos

had five stories and more than 800 rooms.

The Anasazi family was matrilineal, that is, descent was

traced through the female. The sacred objects of the family

were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual

ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned

the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested.

While still growing, crops belonged to the man who,

in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted

them. The women made baskets and pottery, the men wove

textile and crafted turquoise jewelry.

Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with

land disputes and religious affairs. The war chief led the men

in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with

neighboring villages and directed the men in community building

projects. The cohesive political and social organization of

the Anasazi made it

篇4：1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（上）

question 1-9

the ocean bottom – a region nearly 2.5 times greater

than the total land area of the earth – is a vast frontier that

even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. until about a

century ago, the deep – ocean floor was completely inaccessible,

hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,6000 meters deep.

totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds

of times greater than at the earth s surface, the deep – ocean

bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some

ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.

although researchers have taken samples of deep – ocean

rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global

investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until

1968, with the beginning of the national science foundation s

deep sea drilling project (dsdp). using techniques first

developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the dsdp s drill

ship, the glomar challenger, was able to maintain a steady

position on the ocean s surface and drill in very deep waters,

extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.

the glomar challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15 – year

research program that ended in november 1983. during

this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took

almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at

624 drilling sites around the world. the glomar challenger s

core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the

planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to

calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the

future. today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered

during the glomar challenger s voyages, nearly all earth scientists

agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental

drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape

the earth.

the cores of sediment drilled by the glomar challenger

have also yielded information critical to understanding the

world s past climates. deep – ocean sediments provide a

climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years,

because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and

the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy

much land – based evidence of past climates. this record has

already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past

climatic change – information that may be used to predict

future climates.

1. the author refers to the ocean bottom as a “frontier” in line 2 because it

(a) is not a popular area for scientific research

(b) contains a wide variety of life forms

(d) is an unknown territory

2. the word “inaccessible” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(a) unrecognizable

(b) unreachable

(d) unsafe

3. the author mentions outer space in line 9 because

(a) the earth s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space

(b) it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment

(d) techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration

4. which of the following is true of the glomar challenger?

(a) it is a type of submarine.

(b) it is an ongoing project.

(d) it made its first dsdp voyage in 1968.

5. the word “extracting” in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(a) breaking

(b) locating

(d) analyzing

6. the deep sea drilling project was significant because it was

(a) an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas

(b) the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom

(d) funded entirely by the gas and oil industry

7. the word “strength” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(a) basis

(b) purpose

(d) endurance

8. the word “they” in line 36 refers to

(a) years

(b) climates

(d) cores

9. which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as being a result of the deep sea drilling project?

(a) geologists were able to determine the earth s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.

(b) two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.

(d) geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.

questions 10-21

basic to any understanding of canada in 20 years

after the second world war is the country s impressive

population growth. for every three canadians in 1945, there were

over five in . in september 1966 canada s population

passed the 20 million mark. most of this surging growth came

from natural increase. the depression of the 1930 s and the

war had held back marriages and the catching – up process

began after 1945. the baby boom continued through the decade

of the 1950 s, producing a population increase of nearly

fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. this rate

of increase had been exceeded only once before in canada s

history, in the decade before 1911, when the prairies were

being settled. undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the

1950 s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion

also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an

increase in the average size of families. in 1957 the canadian

birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the

world.

after the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in canada

began to decline.

it continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the

lowest level in 25 years. partly this decline reflected the low

level of births during the depression and the war, but it was

also caused by changes in canadian society. young people

were staying at school longer, more women were working,

young married couples were buying automobiles or houses

before starting families, rising living standards were cutting

down the size of families. it appeared that canada was once

more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that

had occurred all through the western world since the time of

the industrial revolution.

although the growth in canada s population has slowed

down by 1966(the increase in the first half of the 1960 s was

only nine percent). another large population wave was coming

over the horizon. it would be composed of the children of the

children who were born during the period of the high birth

rate prior to 1957.

10. what does the passage mainly discuss?

(a) educational changes in canadian society.

(b) canada during the second world war

(d) standards of living in canada

11. according to the passage, when did canada s baby boom begin?

(a) in the decade after 1911

(b) after 1945

(d) in 1966

12. the word “five” in line 4 refers to

(a) canadians

(b) years

(d) marriages

13. the word “surging” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(a) new

(b) extra

(d) surprising

14. the author suggests that in canada during the 1950 s

(a) the urban population decreased rapidly

(b) fewer people married

(d) the birth rate was very high

15. the word “trend” in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(a) tendency

(b) aim

(d) directive

16. the word “peak” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(a) pointed

(b) dismal

(d) maximum

17. when was the birth rate in canada at its lowest postwar level?

(a) 1966

(b) 1957

(d) 1951

18. the author mentions all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 except

(a) people being better educated

(b) people getting married earlier

(d) couples buying houses

19. it can be inferred from the passage that before the industrial revolution

(a) families were larger

(b) population statistic were unreliable

(d) economic conditions were bad

20. the word “it” in line 34 refers to

(a) horizon

(b) population wave

(d) first half

21. the phrase “prior to” in line 36 is closest in meaning to

(a) behind

(b) since

(d) preceding

questions 22-30

are organically grown foods the best food choices? the

advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown

and marketed food products are now being debated. advocates

of organic foods – a term whose meaning varies greatly –

frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more

nutritious than others.

the growing interest of consumers in the safety and more

nutritional quality of the typical north american diet is a

welcome development. however, much of this interest has been

sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or

in adequate in meeting nutritional needs. although most of

these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the

preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it

difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. as

a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically

grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other

benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the

basis for folklore.

almost daily the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging”

diets, new vitamins, and other wonder foods. there are

numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are

superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally

superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better

than fumigated grains and the like.

one thing that most organically grown food products

seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally

grown foods. but in many cases consumers are misled

if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide

better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. so

there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those

with limited incomes, distrust the regular food and buy and buy

only expensive organic foods instead.

22. the world “advocates” in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

(a) proponents

(b) merchants

(d) consumers

23. in line 6, the word “others” refers to

(a) advantages

(b) advocates

(d) products

24. the “welcome development” mentioned in line 8-9 is an increase in

(a) interest in food safety and nutritional quality of the typical north american diet

(b) the nutritional quality of the typical north american diet

(d) the number of consumers in north america

25. according to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the term “organic foods”?

(a) it is accepted by most nutritionists.

(b) it has been used only in recent years.

(d) it is seldom used by consumers.

26. the word “unsubstantiated” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(a) unbelievable

(b) uncontested

(d) unverified

27. the word “maintain” in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(a) improve

(b) monitor

(d) restore

28. the author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown foods because

(a) organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods

(b) many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods

(d) too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops.

29. according to the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally grown foods are often

(a) careless

(b) mistaken

(d) wealthy

30. what is the author s attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods?

(a) very enthusiastic

(b) somewhat favorable

(d) skeptical

篇5：1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（下）

questions 31-40

there are many theories about the beginning of drama in

ancient greece. the one most widely accepted today is based

on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. the

argument for this view goes as follows. in the beginning, human

beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal

changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various

means, to control these unknown and feared powers.

those measures which appeared to bring the desired results

were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed

rituals. eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the

mysteries of the rites. as time passed some rituals were

abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and

provided material for art and drama.

those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also

argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because

music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.

furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances,

and when the entire community did not participate, a

clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and

the “auditorium.” in addition, there were performers, and

since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes

in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed

that task. wearing masks and costumes, they often

impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings,

and mimed the desired effect - success in hunt or battle,

the coming rain, the revival of the sun - as an actor

might. eventually such dramatic representations were separated

from religious activities.

another theory traces the theater s origin from the

human interest in storytelling. according to this view, tales

(about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated,

at first through the use of impersonation, action, and

dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of

the roles by a different person. a closely related theory traces

theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and

gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

31. what does the passage many discuss?

(a) the origins of theater

(b) the role of ritual in modern dance

(d) the variety of early religious activities.

32. the word “they” in line 6 refers to

(a) seasonal changes

(b) natural forces

(d) human beings

33. what aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?

(a) the reason drams is often unpredictable

(b) the seasons in which dramas were performed

(d) the importance of costumes in early drama

34. which of the following is not mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?

(a) dance

(b) costumes

(d) magic

35. the word “considerable” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(a) thoughtful

(b) substantial

(d) ceremonial

36. the word “enactment” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(a) establishment

(b) performance

(d) season

37. the word “they” in line 23 refers to

(a) mistakes

(b) costumes

(d) performers

38. according to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?

(a) ritual uses music whereas drama does not.

(b) ritual is shorter than drama.

(d) ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.

39. the passage supports which of the following statements?

(a) no one really knows how the theater began

(b) myths are no longer represented dramatically.

(d) dramatic activities require the use of costumes.

40. where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the audience?

(a) lines 8-9

(b) lines 12-14

(d) lines 22-24

questions 41-50

staggering tasks confronted the people of the united

states, north and south, when the civil war ended. about a

million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized,

readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated

economy. civil government also had to be put back on a

peacetime basis and interference from the military had to be

stopped.

the desperate plight of the south has eclipsed the fact

that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the north,

though less spectacularly. industries had to adjust to peacetime

conditions, factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.

financial problems loomed large in both the north and

the south. the national debt had shot up from a modest $65

million in 1861, the year the ear started to nearly $3 billion

in 1865, the year the war ended. this was a colossal sum for

those days but one that a prudent government could pay. at

the same time, war taxes had to be reduced to less burdensome

levels.

physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in

the south and border states, had to be repaired. this herculean

task was ultimately completed, but with discouraging

slowness.

other important questions needed answering. what

would be the future of the four million black people who were

freed from slavery? on what basis were the southern states to

be brought back into the union?

what of the southern leaders, all of whom were liable to

charges of treason? one of these leaders, jefferson davis,

president of the southern confederacy, was the subject of an

insulting popular northern song,“hang jeff davis from a sour

apple tree.” and even children sang it. davis was temporarily

chained in his prison cell during the early days of his two-

year imprisonment. but he and the other southern leaders

were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury

from virginia, a southern confederate state, would convict

them. all the leaders were finally pardoned by president johnson

in 1868 in an effort to help reconstruction efforts proceed

with as little bitterness as possible.

41. what does the passage mainly discuss?

(a) wartime expenditures

(b) problems facing the united states after the war

(d) the results of government efforts to revive the economy

42. the word “ staggering” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(a) specialized

(b) confusing

(d) overwhelming

43. the word “devastated” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(a) developing

(b) ruined

(d) fragile

44. according to the passage, which of the following statements about the damage in the south is correct?

(a) it was worse than in the north.

(b) the cost was less than expected

(d) it was remedied rather quickly.

45. the passage refers to all of the following as necessary steps following the civil war except

(a) helping soldiers readjust

(b) restructuring industry

(d) increasing taxes

46. the word “task” in line 21 refers to

(a) raising the tax level

(b) sensible financial choices

(d) reconstruction of damaged areas

47. why does the author mention a popular song in lines 30?

(a) to give attitude towards the south

(b) to illustrate the northern love of music

(d) to compare the northern and southern presidents

48. the word “them” in line 36 refers to

(a) charges

(b) leaders

(d) irons

49. which of the following can be inferred from the phrase “ _____it was unlikely that a jury from virginia . a southern confederate state ,would convict them” (lines 25-26)?

(a) virginians felt betrayed by jefferson davis

(b) a popular song insulted virginians

(d) all of the virginia military leaders had been put in chains.

50. it can be inferred from the passage that president johnson pardoned the southern leaders in order to

(a) raise money for the north

(b) repair the physical damage in the south

(d) help the nation recover from the war

篇6：托福考试备考阅读理解

【待插入句子】On the other hand, amphibians in very hot climates use secretions from the mucus glands to decrease their temperature through evaporative cooling on the skin.

【待插入段落】Physiological adaptations can assist amphibians in colonizinghabitatswhere extreme conditions prevail. The tolerance range in body temperature represents the range of temperatures within which a species can survive. One species of North American newt is still active when temperatures drop to -2°C while one South American frog feels comfortable even when temperatures measured to 41°C—the highest body temperature measured in a free-ranging amphibian. [■] Recently it has been shown that some North American frog and toad species can survive up to five days with a body temperature of -6°C with approximately one-third of their body fluids frozen. [■] The other tissues are protected because they contain the frost-protective agents glycerin or glucose. [■] Additionally, in many species the tolerance boundaries are flexible and can change as a result of acclimatization (long-term exposure to particular conditions).[■]

答案

1.首先公布答案：3rd square;

2.看到待插入句子中有one the other hand，这是个典型的两方面对比!给我们的是另一方面，那么前面一定要出现跟这部分内容对立的一方面。

——“反过来，在很热的气候下生活的两栖动物(amphibians)会用一些分泌物(secretions) (通过皮肤上蒸发性的冷却)去降低温度。

3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：(括号中为修饰成分)

——1st: 生理的适应可以帮助amphibians去占领(极端情形prevail的)栖息地。2nd:(体温的)忍耐区间指的是(represent) 一个温度范围(在这个范围内物种才能生存)。 3rd: 一个物种在气温降到-2度还能活动;而南美?在41度(高温)还觉得舒适(41度是在所有两栖动物中测量到的最高温)。 4th: 最近发现有些南美?可以在-6度生存5天，(几乎1/3的体液被冻住)。5th: 其他的组织被保护起来，因为这些组织包含抗冻物质。 6th: 此外，在很多物种中，忍耐区间非常灵活，可以因为适应环境(acclimatization)而改变。

看完之后就很清楚了，给的句子讲的是amphibians如何应付高温，那前面suppose应该说的就是处理低温的情况，所以放在讲-6度还能生存的后面。放好之后发现正好跟后面的additionally说的耐受区间可以变动搭配起来，perfect.

看完解析大家有木有发现，小新老师这是在耍我们啊，这么单纯的一道题，怎么就做得这么复杂了呢! 还是前面说的，重点其实不在选对答案，而是在于读懂段落中句与句之间的关系。刚才看的这一段，这么多其实就说了一件事——物种的温度忍耐区间!而既然是温度区间大家马上就了解了，肯定是能够生存的最高温和最低温。所以这一段第一句结合全文主旨，说physiological adaptation帮助它们在极端环境生存;所以其实第一句话已经完全剧透了全段——不就是围绕extreme conditions来展开嘛。第二句解释什么是tolerance range。后面就全部说低温和高温如何生存下来的具体方法了。

语法积累：

1. on the other hand 注意，要有相反的意思在里面，很多同学写作文都喜欢用这个词组，但一定要有对比才能用。

2. through evaporative cooling; in colonizing habitats;介宾结构，through... 通过...达到...的目的;一般要放到修饰对象前面去理解。

词汇积累

habitat 栖息地

prevail 流行

represent 代表

range 范围

篇7：托福考试备考阅读理解

【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.

Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior “people,” the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]

1.首先公布答案：3rd square;

2.然后我们来看一下待插入的句子：Indeed表示强调，翻译成“确实”;at the height of… 在...的巅峰;还有一个there was no… 用否定来表示强调：没有政府是跟全体市民分隔开的，言外之意就是说雅典的民主程度非常之高。既然是强调，那前面一定要出现过相应的信息。

3.最后让我们来看一下这一段的各个句子：

1st: 议会(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影响力。 2nd: 但在下个世纪，成熟的立法机构(assemby)承担了做决定的职责。3rd: (以除了贵族之外的衡量标准看来，贵族被本应是下等人的人民抢去了风头)雅典的民主是一个巨大的成功. 4th: 空前绝后，从未有这么多人民参与到自我管理的严肃事业中来。 5th: 正是有了参与到公众生活的机会，才刺激了古典希腊文化的发展(unfolding,展开)。

看完之后就很清楚了，整个段落一句话总结——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd～4th讲民主如何成功;5th讲民主带来的影响。而我们要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面，所以是在self-governance后面。放进去之后跟后面也能搭配起来，perfect.

知识小补丁

语法积累：

it was… that… 强调句的固定搭配;

other than… 表示否定，除了... 不是...

decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的时候就按照v+n来理解，making decision;做决策。

never before, or since 前无古人，后无来者。

篇8：托福考试备考阅读理解

【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.

【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]

Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.

1.首先公布答案：1st square;

2.看到待插入句子中有one example…，这是个典型的论点+论据的结构! 给我们的是论据，那么前面一定要出现论点，这样才能和举例子对应起来。之后，看看举的是什么样的例子——这样的热带多样性被发现在Panama，有667个鸟类物种，是Alaska的三倍。

3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：

P1:1st:当我们来看生物多样性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式时，我们会发现这种分布(it)不是(far from)均匀的(even)。2nd:热带(tropics)比同样(equivalent)面积的高纬度(higher latitudes)地区包含了更多地物种。 3rd:这种现象对许多不同种类的动植物都是正确的。

为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，小编给大家整理了托福考试备考阅读理解,下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

篇9：托福考试备考阅读理解

【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.

1.首先公布答案：1st square;

3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：

P2: 1st: 为什么高纬度有(比热带)更低的多样性?

2nd: 可能只是陆地面积的缘故。(托福中经典的自问自答!)

3rd:热带(比高纬度区域)包含了更大的地表面积，有些生物地理学家把这种多样性的差异(differnece in diversity)当成是(regard...as)这种结果(this effect, 只带前半句的热带面积更大)的反射——面积的事实(a fact)在我们看地球曲面投影图的时候并不总是明显的，因为投影(this)会夸大(exaggerate)高纬度地区的陆地面积。(这一句也考到了句子简化题，注意”先大后小”的原则，破折号留到后面读)

4th: 但是KR的数据分析并不支持这个解释。

5th:尽管面积可能导致(contribute to…)生物多样性，它当然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否则(otherwise),大的地表面积就应该总是有更丰富的物种。 (言外之意是并非如此。——考察常识)

看完之后就很清楚了，第一个段落讲现象，第二个段落讲原因。而待插入的句子说的是现象，所以放在第一段关于生物多样性的论点后面，perfect。

语法积累

far from… 跟上次课讲过的other than…一样，表示否定。

more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 识别比较关系。

regard…as… 被认为...

not the whole story 字面理解为“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上启下转移话题的短语。

词汇积累

diversity 多样性

distribute 分布

even平均的

equivalent 等价的

reflection 反映，反射

contribute to… 导致

otherwise 否则

P2: 1st: 为什么高纬度有(比热带)更低的多样性?

2nd: 可能只是陆地面积的缘故。(托福中经典的自问自答!)

4th: 但是KR的数据分析并不支持这个解释。

看完之后就很清楚了，第一个段落讲现象，第二个段落讲原因。而待插入的句子说的是现象，所以放在第一段关于生物多样性的论点后面，perfect。

语法积累

far from… 跟上次课讲过的other than…一样，表示否定。

more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 识别比较关系。

regard…as… 被认为...

not the whole story 字面理解为“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上启下转移话题的短语。

词汇积累

diversity 多样性

distribute 分布

even平均的

equivalent 等价的

reflection 反映，反射

contribute to… 导致

otherwise 否则

篇10：《5月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》

《1998年5月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》

Questions 1-11

Before the 1500 s, the western plains of North America

were dominated by farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived

in the upper Missouri River country, primarily in present-day

North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built close

together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect

themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might

seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers

stored from one year to the next.

The women had primary responsibility for the fields.

They had to exercise considerable skill to produce the desired

results, for their northern location meant fleeting growing

seasons. Winter often lingered; autumn could be ushered in by

severe frost. For good measure, during the spring and summer,

drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations

might await the wary grower.

Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow

maize capable of weathering adversity. They began as early as

it appeared feasible to do so in the spring. clearing the land,

using fire to clear stubble from the fields and then planting.

From this point until the first green corn could be harvested,

the crop required labor and vigilance.

Harvesting proceeded in two stages. In August the Mandans

picked a smaller amount of the crop before it had matured

fully. This green corn was boiled, dried, and shelled, with

some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and the

rest stored in animal-skin bags. Later in the fall, the people

picked the rest of the corn. They saved the best of the harvest

for seeds or for trade, with the remainder eaten right away or

stored for later use in underground reserves. With appropriate

banking of the extra food, the Mandans protected themselves

against the disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger.

The women planted another staple, squa

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