托福考试阅读哪些错误做法
“我要夏天”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇托福考试阅读哪些错误做法，下面是小编为大家整理后的托福考试阅读哪些错误做法，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助您。
篇1：托福考试阅读哪些错误做法
托福备考：托福阅读考试有哪些易错点
托福阅读考试有哪些易错点
1.没有认真背单词
单词量不足除了影响对全文理解外，还直接影响托福阅读里面的很多vocabulary的题目的解答。所以，托福一定要背单词，单词真的是王道。而且，考生考T是为了什么?不就是为了出国吗?从这个根本目标出发，单词的积累也是重要的。
或许有人会问，看哪本托福词汇书? 实际上，市面上常见的任何一本单词书拿来应对考试都不会有什么问题。关键在于是否能持之以恒地把一本书啃透。有人或许会问，专业词汇到底看不看，看的话当然最好，不看实际上也不影响理解文章并解答题目。如果考生时间比较紧张的话，还是建议不要背了，毕竟背单词是一个很杀时间的事情。
2.考前没有适应托福阅读文章的长度和句子架构的方式
其实要想适应托福阅读考试中的长难句，就是多进行句子分析，或者多看阅读文章。这里必须要强烈推荐TPO，原因对付阅读需要把ETS出题的角度和考题给出的正确选项都研究透了，才能保证练习的质量，也是真正可以提高咱们阅读能力的途径。
比如说，如果某一道题你做错了，那么请你对完答案之后，多花两分钟的时间来思考你的选项和给出的正确选项之间有什么差别?是语气不对?还是我们没有从那一段的整体把握的角度来做出正确的判断?亦或是其它什么原因?哪句话是解题的核心?我们通过这句话能获得或者说提炼什么有效的信息?
多问自己几个为什么，不要对完答案就把这篇阅读文章扔到一边，否则我们做再多的阅读针对性练习也只是为了寻求一种无谓的placebo effect.
以上常见错误是就是大多数同学们在托福阅备考读过程中会犯的，希望大家不再犯此类错误，祝大家考试顺利。
以上就是小编为大家搜集整理的托福阅读考试有哪些易错点，希望考生们可以认真学习。
托福阅读主观题的常见错误
第一、马虎粗心导致丢三落四或添油加醋
例1：“据说，PMI可以在较短的时间内吸收较大剂量的甲基叔丁乙醚。”句中加横线的词语能否删去?为什么?
此题有两问，第一问应先回答“不能删去”，第二问再回答不能删去的原因，原因分三步来回答：一是先解释“据说”在句中的含义，即“‘据说’是引用别人的话，不一定是真实的”;第二点再说明删去该词后对原句的理解有何影响，即“去掉后，此观点就成了客观事实，与原意不相符”;第三步还要说明用该词后语言运用上有何特点，即“用该词，体现了说明文语言的科学准确性。”
第二、审题不清，答非所问
粗心的考生在答题时，有的根本就没回答第一问，直接从第二问作答;有的在回答第二问时，要点不全面，丢三落四，因而失分。
像此类失误还很多，如“文中有这样的话‘生活就这样，当你在为别人行善时也为自己储蓄幸福’。请你结合自己的生活体验谈谈你的感悟。”学生在作答时只谈感悟，不结合自己的生活体验。
例2：结合你所学过的陶渊明的其他作品，说说你对五柳先生“不慕荣利”的看法。
考生在答该题上的失误主要有两方面，一是没有结合学过的陶渊明的其他作品或是结合了作品，但作品中并没有体现“不慕荣利”的看法(如《桃花源记》);二是回答的并非考生本人对五柳先生“不慕荣利”的看法，而是五柳先生自己“不慕荣利”的思想和表现。
例3：假如董生处在当今社会，你对董生又有何建议?(《送董邵南游河北序》)
有的考生这样回答：我建议董生为朝廷效力，用自己的知识才干造福于黎民百姓。这个考生在审题时，就没有看清假设的前提——“处在当今社会”。
第三、不善概括，抓不住重点
例4：本文(《五柳先生传》)表现了五柳先生怎样的性格特点?
第四、文体不清，用语不当
记叙文语段《轻点关门》讲述了一对夫妇为了老人的身体健康，请求邻居们出入时轻点关防盗门，最后向邻居行重礼致谢的故事，揭示了邻里之间互相体谅、真诚相处的人性美。有的考生在回答上述问题时提出“加强思想教育，加强公民道德规范教育”，显然，这不是原文作者所提倡的，也不是出题者的意图所在。原文作者提倡的是：要以“礼”服人，以德感人，从自身做起，与人友善，待人真诚，共育人性的美丽之花。
中考阅读中一般都要涉及到三大文章体裁，有些同学混淆了不同文体的特点。
例5：第3段主要运用了的说明方法，作用是
(说明文《北京的园林》)
有的考生在第一个空格内填上“举例论证”(正确的答案是“举例子”)，第二条横线上填的是“生动形象地揭示了文章的中心”(正确的答案是“用具体的事例来说明北京的园林建筑在细微之处见匠心的特点”)。显然，这个考生把三种文体的特点杂糅在一起，张冠李戴了。
即使是同一类型的题，在不同文体中回答的方法也是不一样的。同样是用词的恰当，但体现的是记叙文语言的生动形象性，说明文语言的科学准确性，议论文语言的逻辑严密性。
第五、找不准答题的立足点
例6：文中第2段李先生“静静地看着我们，眼里流露出一股浓浓的歉意。”请你根据上下文揣摩李先生此时的心理活动。
仔细推敲题目的要求可看出，题意是要求答题者以自己的身份去推测李先生的心理活动，所以作答的时候只能用第三人称“他”或“李先生”，不能用第一人称“我”、“我们”。如果要用第一人称的话也只能用“我认为李先生他心里想……”的形式。此类题的失误关键是没有找准答题的切入点，没有选好角度。
第六、不注意具体题型的行文模式
主观性问答题中，行文语言要通顺、简明、准确、得体。有些问答题应顺应问句顺水推舟而答。如：“假如董生处在当今社会，你对董生又有何建议?”应用“我建议董生……”的模式作答;“你认为怎样做才能让我们周围开满人性的美丽之花?”应用“我认为……”的形式入题作答。
第七、信马由缰，随心所欲
并非所有的主观性试题都可以由考生随心所欲地发挥。做阅读题时，应注意千万不能脱离阅读语段，不能与文段中作者提出的观点、揭示的中心、提倡的看法、做法相悖。
托福阅读中需要规避哪些坏习惯
1. 头的摆动
阅读时头部下意识地左右摆动是阅读的另一坏习惯。
在阅读过程中，有些人往往尽量使自己的鼻尖对准他正在读的每一个字。
这样，当他顺着一行字往下读时，他就会轻微地摆动头部，而当他通过头来看下一行时，他就会很快转回去以便使鼻尖再对准书页的左边。
这种头的摆动，学生往往意识不到，而正是这种不必要的动作往往对阅读速度产生影响。
因此，必须克服这种毛病，养成阅读时只移动视线的习惯。
2.指读
指读是指用手指、铅笔或尺等指着一个个词进行阅读的习惯。
这种指读的单纯机械运用不仅会减慢阅读速度，而且还会把我们的注意力引向错误的方向。
一个高效率的阅读者不会注意单词的位置，也不会在每个单词上平均花费时间，而是把注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。
指读的习惯实际上妨碍了眼睛运动并限制了大脑的快速活动能力。
因此，必须克服这种不良的阅读习惯，逐渐养成用脑瞬间反映文字信息的能力。
教师在线指导，托福阅读做题技巧
3.心读
心读是一种很难观到的阅读习惯。
心读时，人体的任何部位，不论嘴、头或声带都没有动，只存在一种说话的内在形式：学生在内心里始终自言自语，清晰地发出并听着每个字音。
这种毛病亦是一种很坏的阅读习惯，它直接影响到阅读的速度和效率，并且矫正起来又比较困难。
采用强制自己深入理解文章内容的同时，又强制自己加快阅读速度的方法一般能逐渐克服这种坏习惯。
4.音读
许多同学都有出声阅读的习惯。出声阅读的主要弊病就是使阅读速度和效率受说话速度的限制。
因为，正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快两倍以上。
另外，出声阅读往往以不同的形式表现出来，有时看见的仅仅是无声地动动嘴唇，有时甚至连嘴唇也不动，只是舌、喉在活动。
嘴唇的活动无疑会影响眼睛的扫视速度，“ 一个有效率的读者能够只要看到印刷符号，就直接获得意思，而不经过声音阶段。”
因此，要克服这种不良的阅读习惯，就要训练自己养成通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的视读能力。
5. 复视
复视指的是读完一个句子或段落后回过头去重复阅读。
阅读能力差的同学往往过分依赖于复视以养成一种习惯。
改变这种不良习惯的办法就是让自己阅读大量难度适宜的材料，这样就不会因遇到生词或不太懂的短语、句子或段落而回过头来再看，以至养成复视的习惯。
篇2：托福考试阅读材料
How clean is the average backyard pool is? Find out on this Moment of Science.
Everybody loves the swimming pool. But how clean is the water in the average backyard or public pool? If you trust (1)chlorine to take care of germs, you’re in for a surprise.
Chlorine and other (2)disinfectants do indeed help to clean the water, but some germs can survive in even the best-kept pool. For example, (3)cryptosporidium may live in pool water for several days. Crypto causes a (4)diarrheal illness and may (5)rinse off the bodies of infected people or (6)diapered children into the pool. If you swallow infected pool water, you may become sick.
Other germs may live for a few minutes or a few hours in a chlorinated pool: Giardia(鞭毛虫), Shigella(志贺氏菌), and E. Coli(大肠杆菌) may cause diarrheal illnesses. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa(绿脓杆菌) may cause an ear infection called swimmer’s ear and also a skin infection called “hot tub rash(热浴池皮疹),” that is usually associated with very warm pools and spas.
While keeping the correct chlorine and ph levels will minimize (7)water-borne illness, prevention is also a good idea. Keep diapered children in the water for only brief periods and keep sick people out of the water altogether. And, don’t ever swallow pool water.
译文：
和细菌游泳
每个人都喜欢游泳池。但是在一般的后院和游泳池的水有多清洁呢?如果你相信氯可以制服细菌，那么接下来的就会让你惊奇。
氯和其它的消毒剂的确有助于清洁水，但是一些细菌在保护很好的水池里仍然可以存活。列如：隐孢子虫可能在池水中生活很多天。隐孢子虫能引起腹泻，并且会从进入泳池的被感染病人或者带尿布孩子的身上被冲刷下来。如果你吞下被感染的池水，也会生病。
其它的细菌可能在氯化池里生存几分钟或者几个小时：鞭毛虫，志贺氏菌，和大肠杆菌可能引起腹泻。绿脓杆菌可能引起游泳性耳炎的耳朵感染以及热浴池皮疹的皮肤感染。热浴池皮疹通常与非常温暖的水池和温泉有关。
尽管保持正确的氯和pH值能够减少通过水传播的疾病，可是预防也是一个好主意。保持仍带尿布的孩子在水中只停留短暂的时间，使病人远离水。并且永远不要吞下池水。
Notes:
(1)chlorine ['kl :ri:n] n.氯
(2)disinfectants n.消毒剂;消毒水;消毒乐
(3)cryptosporidium [,kript u'sp ridi m] n.隐孢子虫
(4)diarrheal [,dai 'ri:ik] adj.腹泻的
An increase in diarrheal illness in New York City followed a massive power outage in .
纽约市大规模供电中断，造成了当地腹泻病症的大量增加。
(5)rinse [rins] vt.漱;冲洗掉;漂净 n.冲洗;漂洗;染发剂;染发 vi.冲洗掉;漂净
She rinsed her hands quickly before eating.
她吃东西以前很快洗了一下手。
(6)diaper ['dai p ] n.尿布 vt.给孩子换尿布
cloth diapered two kids and LOVED every minute of it.
我的两个小孩都使用尿布，而且非常喜欢。
(7)water-borne adj.水传播的;由水浮起的;水运的;饮水传染的
It tells the research and use of water-borne alkyd resin coatings and points out its prospects in vehicle and architecture fields.
醇酸树脂水性化的研究及在车辆建筑领域中的应用，指出水性醇酸树脂涂料的发展前景。
篇3：托福考试阅读材料
Older staff are more productive than their younger colleagues, say researchers.
有研究显示，与年轻的员工相比，年长的员工的工作效率更高。
More mature members of staff may be weaker and less agile than their junior counterparts, but they more than compensate with their greater experience, ability to work in teams, and success at coping when things go wrong.
更加成熟的员工在反应的敏捷度上可能弱于资历浅的年轻员工，但他们丰富的经验却弥补了这一点，这点在与团队的合作上，以及在处理工作发生错误时表现得尤为明显。
The researchers say: ‘While older workers make more errors, perhaps due to declining physical attributes, they hardly make any severe errors, perhaps due to more experience.
研究者说：“尽管年长的员工或许会犯更多的错误，这也许是与他们体能下降有关，但他们却很少犯错，这又与他们丰富的工作经验不无关系。”
‘It is experience that prevents severe errors.’
“正是工作经验防止了错误的发生。”
The scientists who studied production lines at a Mercedes-Benz truck factory in southern Germany also found that younger, more highly educated workers were less productive than those who had fewer qualifications – perhaps because the educated workers got bored more easily.
科学家们在位于德国南部的奔驰汽车生产工厂中发现，那些年轻的受教育程度更高的工人其实在生产效率上海不如那些条件并不这样有效的员工，尽管有教育的员工对工作上手更快。
The researchers, from the University of Mannheim, said their findings debunked the idea that older workers should be made redundant to boost productivity.
从曼海姆大学的研究人员表示，他们的发现证明了年长员工的工作效率其实更高。
They write: ‘In many countries, lower productivity among older workers is used as a motivation for early retirement policies.
他们说，“在世界上的很多国家，抱怨年老员工工作效率低下通常是劝道他们提前退休的理由。”
‘If this were true, the ageing populations in many developed countries would have negative effects on overall productivity. These results cast doubt on such beliefs.’
“如果我们的想法是正确的，那么在很多发达国家中的老龄人口将对于社会的整体创造力产生负面影响。但研究的结果却与这样的观点背道而驰。”
The researchers argue that in sectors where physical strength is less important than in manufacturing, such as in the service sector, it is likely that older workers are even more productive.
研究者们认为，体能再现在生产中所占的重要性正在降低，例如在服务业中，年长员工的工作效率更高。
The researchers also found that a higher proportion of women in the workforce is bad for productivity in young teams and good in old teams.
研究者们还发现，在年轻的团队中，女性所占比例过高将对效率产生反作用，但这样的情况在年长的团队中刚好相反。
They say women make fewer errors, but young male workers get distracted, and are likely to make more errors, if women are in the team.
他们表示，女性出错的几率更低，但却会使得年轻的男性员工分心，团队中若有女性的存在，会使得他们更容易出错。
篇4：托福考试阅读材料
In a spirit of gratitude and giving back to the parents who raised them, Bill and Jackie Merz's daughters have extended a generous invitation.
“They both live in Chicago now,” said Bill Merz, 75, a retired Sacramento State psychology professor. “One was willing to put an extra floor on her house and install an elevator for us so we could live there. The other wanted to convert her basement for us.
”I told them we'd have somebody shoot us before we did that.“
The Merzes, who live in their own home at Eskaton Village Roseville, adore their extended, close-knit family, which also includes two sons in California and 11 grandchildren. But the idea of living with the kids in their older age leaves them cold.
”My first reaction was, 'I don't want you telling me what to do,'“ said Jackie Merz, who is also 75 and a retired teacher and counselor.
Most older adults tend to be a bit more euphemistic about it: Typically, they say that they don't want to be a burden to their kids, or that they don't want to impose. But statistics show a plainer truth. In huge numbers, seniors relish their freedom, and they want to live on their own as long as they can.
In the Sacramento region, US census figures show that almost three-fourths of people 65 and older live in same-generation (as opposed to multigenerational) households. National figures are even higher, with nearly 80 percent of older adults living in their own households – more than triple the number from the 1940s.
A recent survey from the research firm Gallup & Robinson highlights that sense of independence. While 53 percent of people below age 65 said they would take in an aging parent who needed their help, only a quarter of people older than 65 said they would accept an invitation to live with their grown children.
Those attitudes fly in the face of a stubborn cultural cliché, in which the grandparents, kids and grandkids grow older together under one roof – a holdover from the days when there was no choice but for the generations to live together, like it or not.
”I think the stereotype exists because we continually look retrospectively,“ said Bill Merz. ”It becomes a museum piece. Look at TV shows and movies about Christmas, the nuclear family they show.
“It hasn't been that way since World War II. GIs didn't come back from the war and move to Mom and Dad's neighborhood. They moved to the suburbs or across the country.”
译文：
比尔?默茨和杰基?默茨夫妇的女儿们一心想要感谢和回报父母的养育之恩，对他们慷慨相邀。
“她们两个现在都住在芝加哥，”现年75岁的比尔?默茨说。他曾是萨拉门托州立大学的心理学教授，现已退休。“一个想要在她家的房子里加一层，给我们装上电梯，这样我们就能住在那儿了。另一个想把地下室改装给我们住。”
“我告诉她们如果要这样，还不如毙了我们。”
默茨夫妇住在他们艾斯卡顿村罗萨维尔区自己的家中，非常热爱他们紧密团结的大家庭，除了两个女儿，他们还有两个住在加利福尼亚的儿子和11个孙子和孙女。但想到自己的晚年要和孩子们住在一起，他们感到很不快。
现年75岁的杰基?默茨说：“我的第一反应是：我不需要你来告诉我怎么做。”她曾是一名辅导教师，现在也已退休。
多数老人对此的态度会委婉一些。通常，他们会说他们不愿成为孩子的负担，或他们不想强行要求孩子接纳他们。但数据却更直白地反应了真相。有相当多的老人很享受他们当下的自由状态，想尽可能地自己生活。
在美国萨拉门托州，人口普查数据显示，65岁以上的老人当中有近四分之三和同代人一起居住，而不是多世同堂。全国范围内这一比例甚至更高，将近80%的老人住在自己的房子里——比上世纪40年代这一数据的三倍还要高。
盖洛普暨罗宾逊调查公司最近的一项调查便凸显了这种自立感。65岁以下的人有53%表示他们愿意与需要他们帮助的年迈父亲或母亲同住，而65岁以上的人只有四分之一表示会接受其成年子女的邀请与之同住。
这种态度公然挑战了顽固的传统文化观念。在旧观念里，祖父母，子女，孙子和孙女应该在同一屋檐下生活，成长，老去，这是从远古时代遗留下来的传统——那时，无论喜欢还是不喜欢，人们没有选择，只能多代同堂。
“我觉得这种老思想仍然存在是因为我们总是在追溯过去，”比尔?默茨说，“这玩意儿已经是博物馆里的古董了。看看电视和电影里核心家庭是怎么过圣诞节的。”
“自从二战以来人们就不那样生活了。士兵们从战场归来后，并没有搬到父母的住宅区里。他们到郊区去居住，或在全国各地落脚。”
篇5：托福考试阅读材料
Most of us are familiar with calluses.
These extra-tough patches of skin are generally quite useful–we might even say handy–because they act like a kind of natural armor, protecting areas of skin that get an unusual amount of wear and tear. Have you ever wondered exactly what a callus is, or how it forms on your skin?
Callus formation is triggered by pressure or abrasion. The heel of your foot as it rubs inside your shoe, or the palm of your hand if you’re doing a lot of manual labor are good examples of this.
While it might feel like a callus is something extra, added to your skin, it’s actually just a build-up of what’s already there.
Here’s How It Works
Your skin has a number of layers of different types of cells.
The outermost is a layer of hardened, dead cells. This top layer is usually about twenty-five cells thick, and it constantly replaces itself as the outermost cells flake off to be replaced by new hardened, dead cells underneath.
All About Friction
If your skin is subject to an unusual amount of friction, this layer of dead cells increases. New dead cells are added faster than the old ones slough away. This can build up the outer layer from twenty-five cells thick to over a hundred cells thick. You’ve grown a callus.
While calluses are generally useful, if the process continues unchecked a callus can thicken into a cone-shaped structure called a corn. These super calluses can be quite painful, and may require the attention of a doctor.
译文
对于“老茧”，我们都很熟悉。
这些皮肤上突出的硬皮是很有用的，也可以说是方便，因为他们扮演着保护常磨损皮肤的天然盔甲的角色。你是否思考过什么是老茧?他又是怎样形成的?
老茧是由压力和摩擦而形成。脚后跟的茧是由其在鞋里摩擦而形成，正如手茧是在大量的劳动过程中形成。
尽管看起来似乎是皮肤上多出的部分，然而事实是已经存在的皮肤角质的累积。
形成过程
皮肤是由若干层不同类型的皮肤构成。
表层是一些坏死的硬细胞，通常有25个细胞那么厚，表层细胞不断的脱落，取而代之的是下层硬的坏死细胞，由此而完成自我更替过程。
一切皆由摩擦引起
假如皮肤受到不寻常量的摩擦，这层坏死细胞将会增加，新的坏死细胞增长速度比旧细胞脱落的速度快，这就致使皮肤表层的厚度增加到100个细胞那么厚，由此，老茧便形成。
虽然一般来讲，茧是有益的，但如不控制其过程，老茧厚度就会增加到被称作鸡眼的锥形结构，那样就会很疼，甚至需要去看医生。
篇6：托福考试阅读试题
What unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.
Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.
What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.
1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?
(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?
(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?
(C) Why are ants predators?
(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?
2. The word “unique” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) inherited
(B) habitual
(C) singular
(D) natural
3. The word “rotting” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) decaying
(B) collected
(C) expanding
(D) cultivated
4. The word “key” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) uncommon
(B) important
(C) incidental
(D) temporary
5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from
(A) one type of food consumption to another
(B) one environment to another
(C) a solitary task to a group task
(D) a defensive to an offensive stance
6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate
(A) the advantages of specialization
(B) the type of food that larvae are fed
(C) the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks
(D) the different stages of ant development
7. The author uses the word “Hence” in line 16 to indicate
(A) a logical conclusion
(B) the next step in a senes of steps
(C) a reason for further study
(D) the relationship among ants
8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT
(A) eusocial (line 3)
(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)
(C) caste (line 19)
(D) predators (line 23)
9. The word “they” in line 25 refers to
(A) termites
(B) ants
(C) places
(D) predators
10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites
(A) live above ground
(B) are eusocial
(C) protect their nests
(D) eat almost no animal substances
参考答案：DCABC AACAD
篇7：托福考试阅读试题
The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.
The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.
Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which the plover “escapes” is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.
The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the “useless” wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between “flight attempts” is directed away from the nest.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers
(B) How predators search for plovers
(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators
(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators
2. The word “merely” in fine 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) often
(B) only
(C) usually
(D) at first
3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?
(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.
(B) They are generally defenseless when away from their nests.
(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.
(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.
4. The word “emitting” in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) bringing
(B) attracting
(C) producing
(D) minimizing
5. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2, the plover tries to
(A) stay close to her nest
(B) attract the predator's attention
(C) warn other plovers of danger
(D) frighten the approaching predator
6. The word “spanning” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) covering
(B) selecting
(C) developing
(D) explaining
7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?
(A) Abnormal body position
(B) Irregular escape route
(C) Unnatural wing movement
(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest
8. The word “pursue” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) catch
(B) notice
(C) defend
(D) chase
9. According to the passage , a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT
(A) appearing to be injured
(B) sounding like another animal
(C) pretending to search for prey
(D) pretending to sit on her eggs
10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage ?
(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building
(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples
(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds
(D) A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator
参考答案：CBDCB ABDCB
篇8：托福考试阅读试题
Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Florida's ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover. It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter the soil. Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert. The only plant life it can sustain is the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat direct, brutal — and subtropical.
Florida's surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either: shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. “It appears,” Said one early naturalist, “to desire to display the result of the misery through which it has passed and is passing”. By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet our selfish utilitarian needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place?
The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in most places less than ten miles wide. It is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged, its ecosystems essentially undisturbed since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largest collections of rare organisms in the world. Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 of these are found nowhere else on Earth.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How geographers define a place
(B) The characteristics of Florida's ancient scrub
(C) An early naturalist's opinion of Florida
(D) The history of the Lake Wales Ridge
2. The author mentions all of the following factors that define a place EXCEPT
(A) aspect
(B) altitude
(C) soil
(D) life-forms
3. It can be inferred from the passage that soil composed of silica
(A) does not hold moisture
(B) is found only in Florida
(C) nourishes many kinds of ground cover
(D) provides food for many kinds of lizards
4. The word “sustain” in line 6 is closets in meaning to
(A) select
(B) strain
(C) support
(D) store
5. The author mentions the prickly pear (line 12) as an example of
(A) valuable fruit-bearing plants of the scrub area
(B) unattractive plant life of the scrub area
(C) a pant discovered by an early naturalist
(D) plant life that is extremely rare
6. The author suggests that human standards of beauty are
(A) tolerant
(B) idealistic
(C) defensible
(D) limited
7. The word “insignificant” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) unimportant
(B) undisturbed
(C) immature
(D) inappropriate
8. According to the passage , why is the Lake Wales Ridge valuable?
(A) It was originally submerged in the ocean.
(B) It is less than ten miles wide.
(C) It is located near the seashore.
(D) It has ecosystems that have long remained unchanged
9. The word “it” in line 21 refer to
(A) Florida
(B) the peninsula
(C) the Lake Wales Ridge
(D) the Miocene era
10. The passage probably continues with a discussion of
(A) ancient scrub found in other areas of the country
(B) geographers who study Florida's scrub
(C) the climate of the Lake Wales Ridge
(D) the unique plants found on the Lake Wales Ridge
参考答案：BDACB DADCD
篇9：托福考试阅读冲刺
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
1. The word “it” in line 3 refers to
(A) environment
(B) species
(C) extinction
(D) 99 percent
2. The word “ultimately” in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) exceptionally
(B) dramatically
(C) eventually
(D) unfortunately
3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history
(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
(C) They have caused rapid change in the environment.
(D) They are no longer in existence.
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
(A) Temperature changes
(B) Availability of food resources
(C) Introduction of new species
(D) Competition among species
5. The word “demise” in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) change
(B) recovery
(C) help
(D) death
6. Why is “plankton” mentioned in line 17?
(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.
(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.
(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean.
(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.
(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive
(C) There has been only one mass extinction in Earth's history.
(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
8. The word “finding” in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) published information
(B) research method
(C) ongoing experiment
(D) scientific discovery
9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?
(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
(C) The theory is no longer seriously considered.
(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?
(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.
(B) It may depend on chance events.
(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species
(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.
11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred
(A) 26 million years ago
(B) 65 million years ago
(C) 225 million years ago
(D) 250 million years ago
参考答案：BCDCD AADAB C
【托福考试阅读哪些错误做法】相关文章：
10.托福考试真题解析
文档为doc格式
