雅思阅读掌握科学备考方法
“mumbojumbo”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了5篇雅思阅读掌握科学备考方法，以下是小编帮大家整理后的雅思阅读掌握科学备考方法，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：雅思阅读掌握科学备考方法
雅思阅读掌握科学备考方法事半功倍
孰能生巧的道理相信大家都知道，大家在模拟训练的时候一定要注意把控考试时间。考生要在规定的时间内网上题目与答题卡填写，一个小时的时间是十分紧张的。考生们一定要多加训练，落实英语基础，才能完成雅思阅读考试所有题目。
步骤二、一口气完成三篇阅读
考生如果雅思备考时间比较充裕，考生可以考虑使用这种方法，此种方法考生可以不记时间的完成三篇文章，考生要精读文章，对文中出现的词组和不认识的单词，都要认真吃透。考生可以不断积累大量的词汇与表达，提高阅读速度。
步骤三、严格控制时间每次阅读一篇文章
考生可以利用20分钟去阅读一篇文章，这种方法可以增加考生的紧迫感，提高自己的英语阅读能力。这种方法也可以增加阅读准确率。
步骤四、整理同义词汇
考生雅思阅读训练的时候要注意整理同义词，同义词汇的整理对雅思口语和雅思阅读都是有帮助的。考生如果能够熟练掌握雅思同义词的话，雅思备考是可以达到事半功倍的效果。
雅思阅读材料：EQ高也是一把双刃剑
Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is the ability to read and understand emotions in ourselves and others. It is said that emotional intelligence accounts for 80 percent of one’s success.
情商也称EQ，是一种读懂自身和他人情绪的能力。据说一个人的成功80%取决于情商的高低。
That’s almost certainly an exaggeration. But ever since the 1995 publication of US psychologist and science writer Daniel Goleman’s best-seller, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, EQ has been seen by leaders and educators as the solution to many social problems. In some Western countries such as the US, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary, business and medical schools.
这一说法虽然略显夸张。但是自从1995年美国心理学家兼科学作家丹尼尔?戈尔曼的畅销书《情商:它为什么比智商更重要》出版以来，很多领导者和教育家都将情商视为解决诸多社会问题的关键。如今，在美国等西方国家，在中学、商学院和医学院中情商教学随处可见。
Anti-social behavior
反社会行为
EQ is important. But our enthusiasm for it has obscured a dark side, says a recent article in The Atlantic.
美国《大西洋月刊》近日刊登文章称，情商固然重要，但是人们的趋之若鹜却掩盖了它的黑暗面。
Weapon of mass emotion
操纵大众情绪的武器
Recent research and studies show that as people improve their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When someone knows what others are feeling, they can tug at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests.
最新研究表明，随着人们情商能力的提高，他们会更擅长操纵他人。当一个人能了解别人的感受时，他就可以撩动他们的心弦，促使他们做出违背自身最大利益的行为。
Does this remind you of those “managers” at pyramid scheme companies? Hundreds of thousands of otherwise cautious and rational people have been brainwashed by their impassioned speeches and become bankrupt as a result.
这是否会令你联想到那些非法传销公司的“经理”们?无数处事理智而谨慎的人被他们激情澎湃的演讲洗脑，最后却落得个倾家荡产的下场。
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. A study by the University of Cambridge found that when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered less of the content.
社会科学家已经开始研究情商的黑暗面。剑桥大学一项研究发现，当一名领导人充满激情地演讲时，听众不会太注意其传达的信息，并且记住的内容也很少。
Researchers call this the “awestruck effect”, but it may just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect, says The Atlantic article. Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacity to reason. If they have self-serving motives, or their values are out of step with our own, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon of manipulation and the results can be devastating.
据《大西洋月刊》报道，研究人员将其称为“敬畏效应”，但它也很容易被描述成“惊吓效应”。善于掌控情绪的领导者会让我们丧失辨别是非的能力。当他们产生谋私利的动机，或者他们的价值观与我们的不合拍时，情商就会变成操控他人情绪的武器，其后果不堪设想。
Hidden agenda
隐藏的动机
This is consistent with another recent study from Kyoto University. According to The Huffington Post, the study shows that “people with high interpersonal EQ influence others’ emotions based on their own goals”.
该观点与日本京都大学的一项研究成果不谋而合。据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，该研究表明：“高情商者会根据自己的目标去干扰他人情绪”。
A research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff shed more light on this dark side of emotional intelligence. According to them, emotional intelligence helps people disguise one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Emotionally intelligent people “intentionally shape their emotions to fabricate favorable impressions of themselves”, Kilduff’s team writes in the journal Research in Organizational Behavior. “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
伦敦大学学院的马丁?吉尔达夫教授带领一支研究小组揭开了情商的黑暗面。该小组称，人们为了谋取私利，会掩饰情绪，当面一套背后一套。情商高的人“会故意给人留下对自己有利的印象”。吉尔达夫率领的研究小组在《组织行为研究》期刊中写道：“采取策略来伪装个人情绪，同时为了达到战略目的而操控他人情绪，这些行为不仅出现在莎翁的戏剧中，在交易权力和影响力的场所也十分常见。”
It seems that to better understand the dark side of EQ, we need look no further than Shakespeare’s Macbeth or its modern adaption on TV: House of Cards.
看来，要想更好地了解情商的黑暗面，我们只需看看莎翁名著《麦克白》或者它的现代电视剧版——《纸牌屋》就够了。
雅思阅读材料：英国男子用短信发莎士比亚全集
A Bristol graphic designer who was ripped off by an internet seller has turned to Shakespeare to get his revenge.
在英国西部的港口城市布里斯托尔，一位平面设计师被一个网上卖家骗了，他让莎士比亚帮他报仇了。
Edd Joseph, 24, who lives in the city with his girlfriend, was furious when he bought a PS3 games console for ?80 and the seller failed to deliver the goods.
24岁的艾德-约瑟夫和女朋友定居在这里，当得知他在网上花了80英镑买的PS3游戏机后卖家没有给他发货时，他非常愤怒。
So Edd decided to take his revenge by sending him the entire works of the Bard - by text.
所以艾德决定报仇——把莎士比亚所有的作品全文用短信发给那个卖家。
Edd discovered he could copy the words from the internet and paste them into a text message - without costing him a penny on his unlimited mobile phone package.
艾德发现他可以从网上复制文字再粘贴到短信里，而他自己因为有无限的手机短信包而不用花一个子儿。
He sends it as one text but his victim can only receive them in 160 character chunks - meaning the 37 works of Shakespeare will buzz through in 29,305 individual texts.
他只用一条短信就能发送整部书的内容，但是他的复仇对象只能每次接收160个字符——意味着莎士比亚的37部作品将会通过29305条短信向他“嗡嗡嗡”得狂轰乱炸。
So far Edd has sent 22 plays including Hamlet, Macbeth and Othello which have been delivered in 17,424 texts.
迄今为止，艾德已经发送了22个剧本，包括《哈姆雷特》《麦克白》和《奥赛罗》。这些文字已经通过17424条短信发送出去了。
He reckons the remaining 15 works will take another few days to send - meaning his adversary's phone will have been constantly beeping for nearly a week.
他预计剩下的15部作品还要花上几天送达——意味着骗子的手机将会在将近一周的时间里不停地振动。
Edd has now started getting abusive replies from the seller.
那位卖家已经回了很多条短信来骂他。
He said: “I got the first reply after an hour, and then a few more abusive messages after that. His phone must have been going off pretty constantly for hours.
他说：“一个小时后我收到了第一条回复短信，之后他又回了几条短信来骂我。他的手机肯定已经连续关机好几个小时了。”
”I'm going to keep doing it. If nothing else I'm sharing a little bit of culture with someone who probably doesn't have much experience of it.”
“我还要继续发。没什么，我只是想让某个没文化的人感受一下什么叫文化。”
篇2：雅思阅读备考需要掌握哪些背景知识
雅思阅读备考需要掌握哪些背景知识
一、雅思阅读需要掌握的背景知识
1、生物类话题
自以来，生物类的话题几乎是在雅思A类三篇文章中必然出现的一类话题，涉及到的内容（content）有动物的生活习性、基因的研究、器官的研究、植物的光合作用、植物体内的叶绿素等。这些话题对于很多学生来讲并不十分熟悉，而且涉及到的专业术语多、句子复杂（complicated），因此很多学生感到做完题目都没弄懂文章的真正含义，这就需要我们在平时的阅读学习中积累这些话题的背景知识。
举一个简单的例子，阅读真题中曾经涉及过chlorophyll这样一个话题。很多考生认为chlorophyll给自己的解题造成了很大的障碍（obstacle），因此认为这篇文章是典型的难度较高的考题。其实，从文章中的句子“Why some of the leaves turn red in autumn？” 就可以猜到这篇文章讲的是叶子秋天变红的原因（reason）。如果我们有生物学方面的知识，就能够猜出chlorophyll是叶绿素的意思。当我们在平时的背景知识积累中搜索到叶绿素的作用、叶绿素在植物叶子中的存在形式，以及随环境的变化叶绿素会产生变化这一类背景知识后，我们就能掌握这篇文章中很多段落的大意（general idea）。在解决耗时较多的matching题时，就能节省更多的时间。
2、地理类话题
地理类话题也是阅读文章中常常摘选的内容，不过相比于上面的生物类，地理类的文章难度较高，因为地理现象涉及的专业名称更多、地名和各种地质现象也更加复杂，在积累地理类知识时，工作量是比较大的。地理类知识范围很广，常见的有厄尔尼诺现象、气象观测、沙漠化、欧洲冰川等。我们可以在以上提到的那个网站中查到这些内容，当然，也不要拘泥于一个雅思文章的来源，可以多参阅一些与科学相关的英文报纸、杂志和网站。
3、社会科学类话题
社会科学是一个大类，包含了很多小的'分支，比如教育、历史、考古、电脑、日历、垃圾问题、企业管理、音乐、数码产品等等。这类文章的特点（characteristic）是，生僻词汇不如生物和地理类多，常识性的内容可以为我们解题提供很大的帮助（benefit），文章涉及的是我们平日生活的方方面面，但是范围广、细节知识多，喜欢出现数字、调查结果等。在准备这类文章的背景知识时，建议考生可按照多多益善的原则，将社会科学类的话题进行筛选，把我们不太熟悉的历史、考古学等放在首位。建议大家在平时的阅读积累中，仔细研究一下这些文章，把自己陌生的社会科学领域着重看一看。
二、雅思阅读先提升正确率还是阅读速度
1、正确率与做题速度是否互斥
首先，小站雅思君要说明一点，雅思阅读复习中正确率和做题速度并不是互斥关系，应该是相辅相成互相促进的关系。那为什么很多同学会感觉雅思阅读的正确率和阅读速度是互斥关系呢？因为大家在备考初级阶段对于雅思阅读的长篇幅还不适应，对于题型也不了解，所以做题速度会很慢。此时如果盲目提升速度，正确率肯定会惨不忍睹，这才导致许多同学误以为正确率和做题速度不可兼得。实际上，在雅思阅读复习的过程中，大家正确率提升是有助于提升做题速度的，而做题速度快了以后也能让自己做题效率更高，对于雅思题型了解更透彻，从而提升做题的正确率。
2、先提升正确率还是阅读速度
既然在雅思阅读复习中正确率和做题速度同等重要，那应该如何提升这两方面能力呢？或者说，应该先提升做题速度还是先提升正确率呢？小站雅思君认为，大家应该先提升正确率，在保证正确率的前提下再提升做题速度。
不同于托福阅读考试，雅思阅读考试中题目类型很多，除了选择题以外，还有填空题，判断正误题，配对题等等，如果一开始就就要求自己在20分钟内完成一篇阅读，对于很多同学来说不太现实。所以小站雅思君建议大家在刚进入雅思阅读复习阶段的时候先不要做限时练习，先保证做题的正确率，多分析总结归纳各类题型。等到正确率有了保障以后再开始逐渐提升做题速度，直到能达到15-20分钟完成一篇阅为止。
篇3：GRE阅读科学备考方法
GMAT/GRE阅读文章第三篇：
Thomas Hardy’s impulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony.
TH作为一个作家的impulses的特点是什么?
Numerous and divergent
Did not always work together
很多同学在这里喜欢把impulses翻译出来，比如说翻译成冲动，刺激之类的，
完全没有必要，因为名词在GRE阅读中是最不重要的词汇，尤其这类抽象名词，明确它的作用和特点即可，下文只需要找出对应。不需要明白具体含义。
Hardy was to some degree interested in exploring his characters’ psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy.
那些词跟上文的impulses有关系?
Characters’ psychologies, curiosity, sympathy
Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it.
虽然but在句中，但仍然要找到but的转折关系，哪里转折了?
Occasionally和often
Comedy, farce和tragedy
这句话要读出的关系是Hardy更喜欢的是?
Tragedy
He was also inclined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase.
Also告诉我们这句话和上句话的关系是?
并列(顺承)
划线部分指代的是?
Literary realism
He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe.
这里两个分号引导的并列结构，有可能出细节题，要注意定位
这里的wanted后面跟的内容是否是全新的概念?
不是
如果不是，和前文的什么有关系?
Hardy’s impulses
Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.
划线部分和非划线部分的关系是?
非划线部分解释说明了划线部分。
Hardy想去做到的是?
To transcend and to express
划线部分的realist可以用那些词进行解释?
Not transcend banality of solely recording things exactly and not express his awareness
总结第一段的大致内容：
Hardy这个人在写作方面的许多想法很多，且有时会不和谐。他比较喜欢非喜剧的东西。他想展现的并非只是呆板的记录的现实主义者，而是比现实主义者更多的展现自己的意识。
以下开始第二段
In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often.
仍然没有出现新的概念，承接上文的impulses
上文对于impulses的特点的描述是?
Numerous and divergent, not always work together
Sacrificed和上文的哪些词对应?
Not always work together
Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared.
两个句子的关系是?
因果关系
为什么?
有标志词because和thus。前一句是因，后一句是果。
出现了两个人名F和J的作用是?
与Hardy进行比较(取不同)
那么F和J的特点是?
Took path of resistance
在Hardy的作品中，impulse会出现什么样的情况?
一个impulse会被新的impulse所取缔，
资料
因此最终的情况不是所有的impulse会互相融合(compromise)而是只会有最新的impulse，之前的impulse都没有了(disappeared)
A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of (on the part of: with regard to the one specified) what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.
本句话中的desire是全新的概念嘛?
不是，和前文的impulse是同一个概念。
这句话的主干是什么?
That a desire might give way abruptly to the desire was never to throw over reality a light.
划线部分的that的作用是?
引导主语从句
划线部分的what的作用是?
引导了一个宾语从句，做of的宾语。
所以这个句子的作用是?
描述了a desire的特点，即impulse的特点
一个desire应该是不会突然让位给另一个(desire)的---比如说一个novelist-scientist需要准确具体的记录一个花的结构和纹理。
这个句子即使翻译了之后，还是觉得很抽象，不妨我们来找一下对应。
Hardy’s impulses的特点是?
新的取代之前的。不能互相融合
而这里我们认为的是什么?
一个desire如果能够被取代，那么那就不能反应事实。
和前文的内容逻辑一致。
In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style.
划线部分的指代是?
The desire on the part of what we might consider novelist-scientist
But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly.
But闪到眼了，要注意的是?
出现转折了。
转折了什么?
前面说，还好新的impulse还不至于导致relaxed style;但是有时Hardy还是会引起relaxing impulse的。
When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style—that sure index of an author’s literary worth—was certain to become verbose.
划线部分的词语和可以用上文的什么词来代替?
Relaxed
所以如果relaxing impulse很多，那么结构就会relaxed
Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
Hardy’s weakness指代的是什么?
他的relaxing impulse导致的relaxed style
Hardy’s weakness的原因是?
Inability to control and unwillingness to cultivate
无法掌控divergent impulses以及不愿意去坚持那些energetic and risky的impulses
He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels.
这句话和上文的关系是?
是上句话的结果。
因为他的无能和不愿意，致使了他的作品都unevenness
这里的unevenness和上文的什么有关系?
Divergent impulses
His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses—a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love—but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into two distinct parts.
最后一句话是否有转折?
没有，仍然是在说他的小说结构是divergent
举例子的目的是?(Under the Greenwood Tree)
支持说明前文的观点： unevenness of any one of his novel
篇4：自学雅思的阅读备考方法
自学雅思的阅读备考方法一文描述了在自学的情况下，我们应该怎样备考雅思阅读。无论你报补习班还是自己复习，都应该做到知己知彼百战不殆。
自学雅思的阅读备考方法
自学雅思的阅读备考方法为你带来在准备自己学习复习备考雅思的情况下，应该怎样复习雅思阅读。首先我们要了解雅思阅读都考什么。怎么考，其次我们要找好适合自己的雅思阅读备考材料。最后，我们要根据自身的弱点制定备考计划。下面我们就一起看一下文章怎么说。
雅思阅读主要是先按各种题型讲解题方法。雅思的阅读可以大致分成4类：
1。overview questions：List of headings
2。viewpoint questions: T/F/NG
3。summarizing questions: summary
4。specific questions: multiple choice; short answer; sentence completion; flow chart; table completion; matching
以上按顺序难度递减。
每种题型都有其解题的方法步骤以及注意事项，这是没有接触过雅思阅读的学生必须学的(不论程度怎样!!!)。因为在雅思阅读中不仅要做得对，更要做得快，如果不熟悉题型，很可能来不及做或掉入题目的陷阱中!!!
至于每种题型的方法这里就不详细说了，大家可以收集市面上的资源。但有一点值得注意：
在选购了自己觉得不错的书后(一定要是讲方法的)，可以学习书中的方法并分析书中所提供的试题，因为阅读不是会了方法就一定能做对的，必须要通过练习来感悟，学以致用!!!
那么有人会问，哪些试题比较权威呢?!
这个问题太简单了。在学习了讲题方法后，买本剑3，学一个题型后就到剑3中把这种题型都做一遍(即把剑3当作单项训练)，在掌握各种题型的解题方法后(剑3的题目也练完了)，买本剑4，把剑4当作实际考试来做，从中再积累点综合解题的心得。
总结一下：先学解题方法并通过剑3巩固，再做剑4进一步训练综合解题的能力，这样是最有效的也是最捷进的了。
有的学生又要问，自己怎么自学呢?!
市面上有剑3和剑4试题的详解还附有文章的译文和重点单词，所以大家大可以自学。
对于已经同大学英语四级或具有同等水平的学生来说，直接学解题方法并通过剑桥的试题训练就可以达到一个不错的分数。如果是想拿高分的(7分以上)，那么在做剑桥的同时，可以把里面的文章精读，扩大词汇量，把文章多读几遍，读透，提高综合的阅读能力。两本书G类试题不算的话，有24篇长文章，若能坚持读完那么综合的阅读能力一定能提高!!!
对于尚未达到大学英语四级水平的学生，建议先不要做剑桥。我建议可以买些其他的难度稍低的阅读书来提高一定的阅读量提高一下英语基础。这一步是为了打基础，所以大可选用非雅思的阅读，但是如果能选用难度略低，有符合雅思阅读要求的题目当然是最好的。同样也是要精读文章，积累词汇量和看长文章的能力，在打下了一定的基础后，再来研究真实的雅思试题，效果会更好!!!
需要说明的是，在没有了解雅思的情况，想通过自学后去考试的同学，请不要急于做真题，因为雅思的真题很少，一口气做完了，后面就没有权威的题目了，所以必须在对雅思有一定的了解，掌握了一定的方法后再去拿真题来巩固，这样比较好。
以上就是自学雅思的阅读备考方法的全部内容，同学们一定要根据自身的特点进行备考计划的制定。不管你是报补习班还是要自己备考雅思，我们都应该做到知己知彼百战不殆。雅思阅读是雅思4科目中较容易在短时间内进行提分的科目，我们应该有效利用这个特点。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
How to increase sales
From The Economist print edition
How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1.A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is.Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended.Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2.At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology，set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct.The idea is that，if a certain product is seen to be popular，shoppers are likely to choose it too.The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3.Enter smart-cart technology.In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag，a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer.As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product.If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.
4.Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought.The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work，and testing will get under way in the spring.
5.Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way.Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs.The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd.When the songs were not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced.People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6.In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly.Icosystem，a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts，also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7.And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet.Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers.Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1.Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2.In shops, products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3.According to Mr. Usmani, with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon, a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4.On the way to everyday items at the back of the store, shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5.If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high, other customers tend to follow them.
6.Using the “swarm-moves” model, shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information中华考试网(www.Examw。com)
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7.Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8.People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9.Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10.People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11.Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12.Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Answer keys:
1.答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2.答案：expensive. (第1段第4行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3.答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4.答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5.答案：screen. (第3段第4行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.)
6.答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7.答案：NO.(第4段第3、4句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd, and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)
8.答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)
9.答案：YES。(第5段第3句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded, they followed the crowd.)
10.答案：NO。(第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced的词义是“显著的、明显的”)
11.答案：YES。(第6段第1句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12.答案：YES。(最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分)
篇5：雅思阅读备考方法指导：加强有效阅读
雅思阅读备考方法指导：加强有效阅读
一、关于有效阅读
人们阅读时往往停留在刚开始学习阅读时的状态，所学得的技巧是如何读“词”，了解词义对于理解文章是必需的，但是不够的。要想进行更有效地阅读，还必须采取另一个层次的阅读方式，即阅读文章的内容和结构，这是由于雅思阅读考试的考核目标除了对文章细节的理解能力以外，还有对文章综合大意的把握能力，换言之，考察学生阅读文章的方式和理解文章的能力。因此，考生不能仅满足于词汇的知晓，还应注意培养阅读时从大处着眼，高屋建瓴，从文章结构来加强对整体大意理解的能力。
二、了解文章结构
了解文章结构对提高阅读效率非常必要，但实力不够强的考生达到这个目标还需要多加练习。
在剑桥雅思系列文章中，有一种实验类文章经常会在真题中出现。例如剑V系列的Test 1中的Passage 2, Nature or Nurture, 该文选自Paradigms Lost, 在讲述此次试验的过程中，一步步展示出文章结构，文章写作思路相当清晰，遵循了‘话题引入 – 介绍试验宗旨 / 目的— 试验操作— 预计结果— 公布结果— 讨论/分析 – 展望 / 提出新的课题 ’的线索，如果考生能够体会到这样的结构，无疑会使应对后面的问题变得轻松。不仅判断题的信息所在位置变得明确，而且对于考生普遍畏惧的段落标题配对题也会提升正确率。
事实上不仅实验类文章如此，其他如说明类，议论类都有内在的规律可以遵循，只要考生善于思考，勤于练习，就一定会有收获。
三、概括句子大意
备考雅思的学生一定会对阅读文章中出现的长难句留有深刻的印象。由于文章是建立在专业基础上针对非专业学生的阅读，所以其学术化，句子偏长也就在所难免了。然而考试时间紧，题目多，压力大，对于长难句若没有解决策略，将使考生感觉雪上加霜。
那么，如何提高对于长难句的理解能力呢?
练习让长难句减肥，抽取主干成分的有效信息来概括句子大意是行之有效的方法之一。
通常可以将位于句子不同位置的修饰成分去掉，一般为定语，状语，补语以及插入语等，而保留主干成分的主语，谓语，宾语结构，以简化句子结构，利于理解。但是需注意，要联系上下文，若不能通顺，则要将原来句子中的一些修饰成分逐一补回，说明其中的某些修饰成分如定语，状语是语义表达的核心。
如果在操作过程中出现了对句子成分的模糊或不理解，要尽快补足语法上的欠缺，主要是句子成分方面的知识点。
四、识别文章类型
阅读真题中出现频率较高的三种文章类型分别为描述型，阐释原因型以及论述结果型。考生要训练自己在阅读中辨别所读文章属于哪种类型，以更好地了解作者的写作意图，利于解题。
通过上面的四个过程的练习，相信大家可以对这个雅思阅读方法有一个更加详细的掌握。掌握了雅思阅读的方法之后，对于文章后面的题目解答，大家的解答过程就能更加有效率了。
雅思阅读文章来源介绍：多读国外杂志
首先，细心的同学已经发现从剑四开始每本书的后面都多了一个acknowledgements。其实在acknowledgements里面已经给出了剑桥这几本材料里面阅读文章的来源。
经过总结归纳不难发现，雅思阅读文章主要来自于学术出版物，而非一般娱乐性出版物。其中主要用到的学术杂志如下：
1.New Scientist 这本杂志被用到的频率最高，如剑四中的Lost for Words, Play is a Serious Business，剑五中的What’s So Funny?, Flawed Beauty: the Problem with Toughened Glass，和剑六中的多篇文章 Australia’s Sporting Success, Climate Change and the Inuit, Graying Population Stays in the Pink, Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers?
2.The Economist 列居其次，如剑五中的The Truth about the Environment, 剑六中的Delivering the Goods
3.还有American Scientist和Scientific American这两个主要的美国学术期刊，例如剑五的Disappearing Delta和剑六的The Search for Anti-aging Pills
4.当然还有National Geographic。但是值得注意的是，因为这是休闲杂志，所以只作为了G类的阅读，如剑六中的Pterosaurs
除了以上提到的若干来源之外，雅思A类的阅读文章还出自Nature, Discover, Time (Europe)， Boston Global, History Today等其余期刊或杂志。至于是哪次考试的哪篇文章，由于敏感原因在这里就不在透露。
综上所述，雅思阅读文章的来源一般都是国外的一些媒体和杂志等，了解这些雅思文章来源之后对于广大考生平时进行泛读训练具有很好的指导作用，对于大家掌握更多的背景知识有非常大的帮助。大家可以在备考的时候，进行更加有针对性的阅读。
详解雅思学术类阅读的十大题型
当然，基本的做题训练是必须的，但是盲目进行题海战术却不是个可取的方法。如何在有限的备考时间里面准确有效的去做是我们值得考察的话题。
首先，在素材的选择上。很多误入题海的中国考生不太善于归纳。
我们说雅思考试作为一个成熟的考试系统，有自己特定的素材选择角度和内容。那么考生在去做题目的过程中首先不能盲目地文章就拿过来做，这样一来备考的效率就会大大降低。
因为雅思考试所涉及的人文社科及自然科学两大类的文章当中，有部分话题的文章是经常出现的，如人文社科类的儿童教育、拯救语言等话题，自然科学类的蝴蝶农场、温室效应等等话题。
这些常考话题是需要考生归纳整理的，在总结出频率较高的文章背景之后，考生在选择文章的时候就要按照总结的高频话题去进行选择。
除去高频的“老牌”文章之外，广大考生还需要注意的就是近期出现的新文章背景。
重中之重肯定是这些文章背景当中那些自己不了解的内容，比如东京塔、钱币的发展史等等。当然，在拿这些文章去练习的时候也要采取精读的方式，认真了解相关的背景知识和相关专业词汇。
除去对于文章背景素材的选择外，建议考生在备考过程中的练习还需要关注题型。
雅思学术类阅读分为十大题型:
Multiple Choice;
Short-answer questions;
Sentence Completion;
Notes,Summary or Table/Flow-chart Completion;
Labelling a Diagram;
Headings;
Locating Information;
Identification of Writer‘s Views/Claims or of Information in a Text;
Classification;Matching
这里面的绝大多数题型和中国考生所熟悉的四六级考试或者国内英语考试都有很大的不同。
在考生选择备考文章的时候，不是盲目地任何题型平均分配时间。而是要根据一段时期内所出现的题型分布比重去安排备考的重点题型。
这就要求考生不断关注近期考试趋势，总结出比重较高的题型后，把劲使在刀口上。比如从09年上半年的题型分布来看，细节配对题的比重相当的大，这其中段落细节配对的难度比较大，那么在考生的备考过程中自然要多把精力花费在这样的重点题型上。
有重点有范围的去选择安排自己备考过程中需要接触的文章类别及相关重点题型才是明智有效的备考方法，才能够在最有限的时间内帮助考生提高应试能力。
推荐考生在熟悉考试题型掌握考试技巧的同时，提高自身的阅读能力。比如最基本的Skimming、scanning这些阅读方法，其实是贯穿在考生做题的过程当中的，在遇见小标题配对这样的大意题的时候，考生需要使用Skimming这种阅读方式;在填空题、无选项Summary这样的题型当中，考生需要的是Scanning这样的方式去寻找细节。
另外，在理解句子的过程中，难免会遇见一些生词。这个时候，阅读能力强的同学可能通过上下文的含义去推测词义，或者通过前后缀这样的构词法内容去进行推测，以便更好的理解文章的意思。
而只有技巧没有实际阅读能力的学生即使侥幸定位到了相关内容恐怕也会因为不能理解正确的含义而造成题目最终的判断失误。
举个实际的例子，当下流行的段落细节题，这样的题型需要考生对于文章的整体结构，各部分的大致内容有一定的了解才能够解答，单靠某些技巧恐怕很难保证正确率。
雅思考试需要养成良好的阅读习惯
1、从阅读习惯上讲，单纯以学习英语为目的的阅读和以获取信息为目的的阅读存在很大差异。前者是一个语言知识积累的过程，后者是以语言知识和能力为工具达到获取有用信息的过程。雅思阅读强调把握重点信息的能力，所以要培养上述第二种习惯。很多同学在参加雅思考试之前，都只是把英语当成一个学习的对象，而未能上升到把英语作为工具来使用的阶段。所以，在阅读过程中，往往陷入逐字逐句的意思理解和语法分析，依然保持学英语的习惯。没有去识别重点信息的主观意图，当然就谈不上习惯不习惯，更谈不上把握重点信息的能力。
2、养成习惯的第一步，首先要确立以把握信息为目的的主观意图。刚开始时不要怕慢，不是去完整地理解句子的意思，而是刻意的猜测句子在段落中的功能。以下面一段文字为例：
(1) Care needs to be taken with religious items. (2) There have been a number ofincidents over the years involving foreigners that have drawn a strong reaction from an offended government and people - for example, the family of tourists who foolishly clambered all over a revered Buddha statue. (3) When buying an object, it is important to distinguish between the object's aestheitc appeal and its religious significance. (4) Representations of the Buddha, for example, must be placed at ....
句(1)当中的needs to be taken 表示“需要、应该”，显然是作者的态度和观点，当表示态度或观点的句子出现在段首，通常是topic sentence , 重点信息。
句(2)There be 句型表事实，事实跟在观点后，毫无疑问是充当论据的角色。句子中的核心名词incidents 是复数，表示这个句子对下文具有结构性功能，下文会就论据进行细节性列举。
句(3)it is important to do 表示作者对某个事情的认知和判断，出现在两个 for example 中间，是一个细分的判断。
句(4)中的for example，表明它是个细节性的论据。
对重点信息的识别，往往不需要理解太多的词汇的意思就可以做到。
3、习惯的养成需要一个过程，这个过程时间上可以缩短。可以找一些段落刻意的去分析，开始时会很慢，甚至比你搞清全部的细节意思还要慢。但是，经过一段时间的操练，就会收到意想不到的效果。
4、下面给大家一些重点信息的线索：a. 判断句在段首、b. 强调句在段尾、c. 祈使句在段首、d. "But, However, 等转折词后的句子、e. “for example”前的句子、f. 问号后的句子、g. 表观点的句子永远比表事实的句子重要、h. 段落以细节信息开头，看段落的最后一句话。等等。
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