当前位置：首页 > 作文 > 作文大全>考研真题作文范文

考研真题作文范文

2022-05-31 09:53:18 收藏本文下载本文

“嘻嘻哈哈”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了26篇考研真题作文范文，下面就是小编整理后的考研真题作文范文，希望大家喜欢。

考研真题作文范文

篇1：历史学考研真题

历史学考研真题

一、选择题

1、龙山文化夏

2、商的后代宋

3、台湾天地会林爽文

4、白银货币化：一条鞭法

5、邓演达第三党：临时什么会

6、罗马西地中海霸权：第二次布匿战争

7、70年代经济特区

8、改订新约第一个：美国

9、白衣大食：倭玛亚王朝

10、俄罗斯史：伊戈尔公远征记

11、政治组织：神圣同盟

12、甲午战争后清政府发行的股票

13、十三十四世纪的羊毛中心：佛兰德尔

14、第一次联合国大会参与人：董必武

15、十二世纪早期文艺复兴中的不属于：科学从哲学中脱离

17、新巴比伦王国建立者：迦勒底人

18 、60年代美国古巴：猪湾事件

19、斯宾塞，新达尔文

20、等待戈多荒诞派

二、名词解释：

1、三朝北盟会编

2、五一六通知

3、普安臣使团

4、拉美西斯二世

5、沙恭达罗

6、19俄国革命

7、年鉴学派

8、后三头政治

三、材料题

1、材料是清末对西方文化看法和人文主义什么的

材料分析题文艺复兴和启蒙运动的内容，魏源的.《海国图志》和郑观应的《盛世危言》比较对西学的认识。

四、论述：

1、西汉到唐代的赋税制度及主要变化。

2、16世纪后期到17世纪前半期传教士来华的背景、主要活动、影响。

3、论述拿破仑三世和法兰西第二帝国。

篇2：湖南大学考研真题

湖南大学考研真题

土木工程学院

结构力学：真题03-13，答案03-12.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，辅导课件，本科课件，期末试卷，结构力学考试指导--于玲玲。

流体力学：真题02-13，答案06-07。大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，流体力学--龙天渝，课后答案。

机械与运载工程学院

材料力学：真题02-13，答案03-11，大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，材料力学习题集（含答案）。期末试卷2套（含答案）

机械原理：真题03-13，答案03-10.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，期末试卷。机械原理指导书。

生产管理学：真题10-12.

环境科学与工程学院

环境毒理学与环境工程微生物综合：03-13.答案03-10.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件。

建筑学院

建筑学：真题02-13，答案：建筑史答案06，建筑设计07，大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件。

城市规划：真题12-13.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科重点，笔记总结。

数学与计量经济学院

数学分析：真题02-13，答案06-07.

高等代数：真题02-13，答案05-07.

物理与微电子科学学院

普通物理：真题04-13 考纲

量子力学：真题04-13. 考纲

材料科学基础：真题03-13.答案03-11.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，辅导课件，本科课件，期末试卷，材料科学基础辅导与习题第二版蔡戎咏华编

数字与模拟电子技术：真题02-13.答案05-07.大纲第一文库网，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件。配套辅导书。

设计艺术学院

设计艺术史论：真题03-13.

专业设计：真题06-13。

艺术基础：10-13

工业设计工程：11-13

设计理论：10-13

电气与信息工程学院

电路：真题99-13，答案00-12.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件。理工科电路原理典型题解析与实战模拟--何怡刚编著。

电子技术基础一：真题02-13.

自动控制原理一：真题07、08、10.答案08.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，期末试卷。配套指导书。其他高校真题。

信息科学与工程学院

信号与系统：真题00-13，答案06-08.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，期末试卷。

化学化工学院

有机化学：真题03-13，答案03-11.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，期末试卷。

物理化学：真题03-13，答案03-11.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，期末试卷。

物理化学（工）：真题03-13，答案03-12.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，本科课件，期末试卷。

外国语与国际教育学院

基础英语：真题03-13

英语2外：真题04-13

日语专业基础：真题06-13

基础日语：真题06-13

英语语言文学：真题04-13

日语：真题02-13

翻译硕士英语：真题11-13

汉语写作与百科：真题11-13

英语翻译基础：真题11-13

英语语言文学二：真题10-13

333教育综合：真题10-13

语言学基础：真题04-13

法语：真题 03-13

德语：真题04-13.

答案：基础英语：04-11，英美文学：04-07，日语2外：05、07

语言学基础：07，法语：03-09，基础日语：07。英语2外：05、07

材料科学与工程学院

材料科学基础：真题03-13.答案03-11.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，辅导课件，本科课件，期末试卷，材料科学基础辅导与习题第二版蔡戎咏华编着 2004 工商管理学院

应用统计基础：真题12-13.

管理学原理：真题02-13.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结。习题集（带答案）。重难点总结。

财务会计学：02-13.答案02-10.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，课件，内部习题（含答案）。

马克思主义学院、岳麓书院、教育科学研究院

这3个学院主要以真题为主。

金融与统计学院

经济学基础：真题02-13.答案：部分答案。大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，课件，期末试卷，重点习题。

统计学：真题03-13.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，课件

法学院

法学综合一、二：真题01-13

政治学：真题07-13.

公共管理：真题04-13.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结。

生物学院

细胞生物学：真题04-13，答案：07，大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结生物化学：真题04-13. 答案：07，大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结经济与贸易学院

经济学原理：02-13.答案：部分答案。大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，课件。经济学综合：02-13.答案：部分答案。大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，课件。新闻传播与影视艺术学院

新闻传播史论：真题04-13.答案04-12.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结中国语言文学

文学理论和写作：真题06-13.答案06.大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结

中外文学史：真题04-13，答案06. 大纲，录取信息，复习计划表，笔记总结

语言学概论：11-13

现代汉语07-13

汉语基础11-13

汉语国际教育基础11-13

真题每份5元。的`每份10元。初试全套269元。全程班800元。公共课视频每科全程50元。(13年真题9、10月份到）专硕的可以单咨询，没有单列信息。一般只有真题。真题

全程班

初试全套

13真题预定

公共课视频

信息网盘网址 pan.baidu.com/share/home?uk=2318820715

篇3：考研英语真题

Text 4

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in .

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times should’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.

“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”

36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due

[A] the high cost of operation.

[B] the pressure from its investors.

[C] the complaints from its readers.

[D] the increasing online ad sales.

37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should

[A] seek new sources of readership.

[B] end the print edition for good.

[C] aim for efficient management.

[D] make strategic adjustments.

38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”

[A] helps restore the glory of former times.

[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.

[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.

[D] expands the popularity of the paper.

39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.

[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.

[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.

[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.

[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.

40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once

[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand

[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good

[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion

篇4：考研英语真题

考研英语真题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 .

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .

While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the 8 our kin.”

The study 9 found that the genes for small were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional Kinship” of being friends with 14 !

One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes to be evolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.

The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to be friend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

1、 [A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when

2、 [A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D] advised

3、 [A]for [B]with [C]by [D]on

4、 [A]separated [B]sought [C]compared [D] connected

5 、[A]tests [B] objects [C]samples [D]examples

6、 [A]Insignificant [B]unexpected [C] unreliable [D]incredible

7、 [A]visit [B]miss [C] know [D] seek

8、 [A]surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D]resemble

9、 [A]again [B] also [C]instead [D]thus

10、[A] Meanwhile [ B]Furthermore [C] Likewise [D]Perhaps

11、[A] about [ B] to [C] from [D]like

12、[A] limit [ B] observe [C] confuse [D]drive

13、[A] according to [ B] rather than [C] regardless of [D]along with

14、[A]chances [ B]responses [C]benefits [D]missions

15、[A] faster [ B]slower [C] later [D]earlier

16、[A] forecast [ B] remember [C] express [D]disruptive

17、[A] unpredictable [ B] contributory [C] controllable [D]disruptive

18、[A] tendency [ B] decision [C]arrangement [D]endeavor

19、[A] political [ B]religious [C] ethnic [D]economic

20、[A] see [ B]show [C] prove [D]tell

篇5：考研英语真题

Part B

Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

[A] Create a new image of yourself

[B] Have confidence in yourself

[C] Decide if the time is right

[D] Understood the context

[E] Work with professionals

[F] Make it efficient

[G] Know your goals

No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.

So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:

As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-- when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.

Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)

Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.

Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.

The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

Part C

Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.

Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.

(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

Section III Writing

Directions:

Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

篇6：考研英语真题

2015考研英语真题：

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.

1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to

2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on

3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone

4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example

5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless

6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through

7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so

8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create

9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying

10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving

11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union

12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live

13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for

14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid

15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed

16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever

17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed

18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided

19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears

20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in that

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

[B] New runways would be constructed.

[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

[D] The fashion industry would decline.

22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to

[A] heightening the value of.

[B] indicating the state of.

[C] losing faith in.

[D] doing harm to.

23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.

[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

[B] caring too much about models’ character.

[C] showing little concern for health factors.

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.

篇7：考研英语真题

Text 2

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.

The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?

Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.

26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside

[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.

[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.

[C] is fully backed by the royal family.

[D] is not well reflected in politics.

27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be

[A] gradually destroyed.

[B] effectively reinforced.

[C] largely overshadowed.

[D] properly protected.

28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.

[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.

[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference

[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.

[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.

[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.

[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.

30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of

[A] the size of population in Britain.

[B] the political life in today’s Britain.

[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.

[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.

[B] guarding it against malpractices.

[C] protecting it from being defamed.

[D] raising the quality of its products.

33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to

[A] more effective

[B] less controversial

[C] less severe

[D] more lasting

34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] has an impact on their decision.

[B] comes across as reliable evidence.

[C] increases the chance of being penalized.

[D] constitutes part of the investigation.

35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.

[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.

[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.

篇8：考研政治真题

考研政治真题

单选题

1，我国数学家华罗庚再一次报告中以“一支粉笔多长为好”为例来讲解他所倡导的选法，对此，他解释道：“每支粉笔都要丢掉一段一定长的粉笔头，但就这一点来说愈长愈好。但太长了，使用起来很不方便，而且容易折断。每断一次，必然多浪费一个粉笔头，反而不合适。因为就出现了粉笔多长最合适的问题——这就是一个优选问题所谓优选问题，从辩证法的角度看，就是要 ( )

A注重量的积累

B保持事物质的稳定性

C坚持适度原则

D全面考率事物属性的多样性

2，社会存在是指社会的物质生活条件，它有多方面的内容，其中最能集中体现人类社会性质的是：( )

A社会形态

B地理环境

C人口因素

D生产方式

3，马克思把商品转换成货币称为“商品的惊险的跳跃”，“这个跳跃如果不成熟，坏的不是商品，但一定是商品占有者”。这是因为只有商品变为货币( )

A货币才能转化为资本

B价值才能转化为使用价值

C抽象劳动才能转化为具体劳动

D私人劳动才能转化为社会劳动

4，邓小平指出：“社会主义究竟是个什么样子，苏联搞了很多年，也并没有搞清楚，可能列宁的思路比较好，搞了个新经济政策，但是最后苏联模式僵化了”，列宁新经济政策关于社会主义的思路之所以“比较好”是因为：( )

A提出了比较系统的社会主义建设纲领

B根据俄国的实际情况来探索社会主义建设的道路

C为俄国找到一种比较成熟的社会主义发展模式

D按照马克思恩格斯关于未来的设想来建设社会主义

5,1927年大革命失败后，党的工作重心开始转向农村，在农村建立革命根据地，则革命根据地能够在中国长期存在和发展的根本原因是( )

A中国是一个政治、经济、文化皆发展不平衡的半殖民地半封建社会

B良好的群众基础和革命形势的继续向前发展

C相当力量正式红军的存在

D党的领导及其正确的政策

6、社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度，既包括非公有制经济。把非公有制度纳入社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度中，是因为非公有制经济( )

A是社会主义性质的经济成分

B是社会主义经济的重要组成部分

C视为社会主义服务的经济成分

D在社会主义初级阶段不占主体地位

7，党的十七大通过的党章把“和谐”与“富强民主文明 ”一起作为社会主义现代化建设的目标写入了社会主义初级阶段的基本路线，其原因在于社会和谐是( )

A 中国特色社会主义的本质属性

B 中国传统文化的价值取向

C 经济建设的内在要求

D 解决收入分配差距的重要途径

8、深化文化体制改革，要坚持公益性文化事业和经营性文化产业协调发展。发展经营性文化产业的根本任务是( )

A繁荣文化市场，满足人民群众多方面多层次多样化的文化需求

B保障人民群众基本的文化权益

C构建覆盖全社会的比较完备的公共文化服务体系

D加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群建设

9，从1984年到1989年的80年间，中国人民对外来的侵略进行了英勇顽强发的反抗，但历次的反侵略战争，都是以中国的失败，中国政府被迫签订丧权辱国条约而告终，从中国内部分析，其根本原因是：( )

A军事战略错误

B．社会度的腐败

C．经济技术的落后

D．思想观念的保守

10，1953年9月，彭德怀在一份报告中说，抗美援朝战争的胜利证明：西方侵略者几百年来只要在东方一个海岸上架起几尊大炮就可霸占一个国家的时代一去不复返了。这场战争的胜利：( )

A．结束了西方列强霸权主义的历史

B．打破了美国军队不可战胜的神话

C．奠定了民族独立人民解放的基础

D．赢得了近代以来中环民族反抗外敌入侵的第一次完全胜利

11，社会主义法律在国家和社会生活中的权威和尊严是建设社会主义法治国家的重要条件。法律权威式就国家和社会管理过程中法律的地位和作用而言的，是指：( )

A．法德强制性

B．法德不可抗性

C．法的合理性

D．法的规范性

12，法律的指引作用主要是通过授权性规范、禁止性规范和义务性规范三种规范形式来实现的，其中，义务性规范是告诉人们：( )

A．不得或者不准做什么

B．可以或者有权做什么

C．应当或者必须做什么

D．能够或者不能做什么

13，道德的功能是指道德作为社会意识的特殊形式对于社会发展所具有的功能，其中最突出也是最重要的社会功能是( )

A 辩护功能

B 沟通功能

C 调节功能

D 激励功能

14，理想作为一种精神现象，是人类社会实践的产物。理想源于现实，又超越现实，在

现实中有多种类型。从层次上划分，理想有( )

A个人理想和社会理想

B道德理想和政治理想

C生活理想和职业理想

D崇高理想和一般理想

15，10月1日，“嫦娥二号“卫星在西昌卫星发射中心发射升空并成功”奔月“，

实现了我国( )

A深空探测“零的突破”

B首次月球软着陆和自动巡视勘测

C首次月球样品自动取样返回探测

D运载火箭直接将卫星发射至缔约转移轨道等多项技术突破

16，3月，美国率其盟友发动了长达7年之久的对伊拉克战争，给伊人民造成了

慎重灾难。208月19日，美军最后一批作战部队从伊拉克撤离。这表明，美国在多重压力下( )

A调整军事部署

B改变先发制人战略

C专项本土反恐为主

D放弃单边主义

多选题

17、1971年迪斯尼乐园的路径设计获得了“世界最佳设计”奖，设计师格罗培斯格却说：

“其实那不是我的设计”，原因是在迪斯尼乐园主题工程完后，格罗培斯格暂停修乐园里的道路，并在空地上洒上草种，五个月后，乐园里绿草茵茵，草地上被游客走出了不少宽窄不一定的小路，格罗培斯格根据这些行人踏出来的小路铺设了人行赋了“优雅自然、简洁便利、个性突出”的优秀设计，格罗培斯格设计智慧我们认识和实践活动的启示：( )

A 、要从生活实践中获取灵感 B、要尊重群众的实践需求

C、不要对自然事物作任何改变 C、要对事物本来面目做直观反应

18.在资本主义社会里，银行垄断资本和工业垄断资本密切地融合在一起，产生了一种新型的垄断资本，即金融资本。在金融资本形成的基础上，产生了金融寡头。金融寡头操纵，控制社会的主要方式有( )

A．通过“参与制”实现其在经济领域中的统治

B．通过同政府的“个人联合”实现其对国家机器的控制

C．通过政策咨询机构影响和左右内外政策

D．通过新闻媒体实现国民思想意识的统一性

19.由美国次贷危机引发了全球性的经济危机，很多西方人感叹这一经济危机，从根本上仍未超出一百多年前马克思在（资本论）对资本主义经济危机的精辟分析，马克思对资本主义经济危机科学分析的原创性主要是( )

A 指明经济危机的实质是生产相对过剩

B 提示造成相对过剩的制度原因是生产资料的资本主义私有制

C 指出经济危机的深层根源是人性的贪婪

D 强调政府对经济危机的干预是摆脱经济危机的根本出路

20、19世纪中叶，马克思恩格思把社会主义由空想变为科学，奠定这一飞跃的理论基石是( )

A阶级斗争说

B劳动价值论

C唯物史观

D剩余价值论

21 在社会主义中国化的过程中，产生了毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系，这两大理论体系一脉相承主要体现在，二者具有共同的( )

A 马克思主义的理论基础

B 革命和建设的根本任务

C 实事求是的理论基础

D 和平与发展的时代背景

22.社会主义市场经济体制是社会主义基本制度与市场经济的融合，这一他特点既具有社会主义制度特征，有具有市场经济的一般特征。社会主义市场经济体制体现社会主义制度特征的方面主要表现在( )

A．在所有制机构上，以公有制为主体、多有制经济共同发展

B．在分配制度上，以按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存

C．在宏观调控上，以实现最广大劳动人民的利益为出发点和归宿

D．子啊资源配置上，以市场为手段，市场的基础性作用

23.毛泽东指出：“国家的统一，人民的团结，国内各名族的团结，这是我们争取一定要胜利的基本保证。”这一思想对于我们在新的历史条件下处理民族关系方面的意义有( )

A.民族关系始终是我们这个多民族国家至关重要的政治和社会关系

B.民族问题始终是建设中国特色社会主义必须认真解决的一个重大问题

C.巩固和发展各民族的团结关系到国家统一和边疆巩固

D.加强和巩固各民族的团结是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求

24.改革、发展、稳定好比现代化建设棋盘上的三个紧密关联的战略性棋子，第一步下好了，相互促进，就会全局皆活：如果有一着下不好，其他两步也会进入困境，还可能全局受挫。改革开放以来，党在处理改革、发展、稳定关系方面积累需要原则包括( )

A.保持改革、发展、稳定在动态中的相互协调和相互促进

B.把实现社会稳定座位促进改革、发展的根本出发点

C.把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度统一起来

D.把不断改善人民生活作为处理改革、发展、稳定关系的重要结合点

25、做大分好社会财富这个“蛋糕”始终是我国政府面临的重大任务。做大“蛋糕”是政府的责任，分好“蛋糕”是政府的良知、合理调整收入分配关系、分好社会财富这个“蛋糕”是：( )

A、实现社会公平的重要体现

B、解决当前收入分配领域突出问题的需要

C、实现共同富裕的内在要求

D、为了使人民共享改革发展的成果

26.辛亥革命是我国近代史上一次比较完全意义上的资产阶级民主革命，这次革命( )

A.提出了平均地权，耕者有其田的重要原则

B.建立了中国近代史上第一个资产阶级政党

C.制定了比较完整的资产阶级民主革命纲领

D.结束了封建君主专制制度，建立了资产阶级共和国

27、第二次世界大战期间，明确规定将台湾、澎湖列岛归还中国的有关的是：( )

A《德黑兰宣言》

B《开罗宣言》

C《雅尔塔协定》

D《彼茨坦公告》

28.延安整风运功是一场伟大的思想解放运动。这一运动最主要的任务是反对主观主义。主观主义的主要表现形式为( )

A.教条主义 B.形式主义 C.经验主义 D.宗派主义

29、中国共产党根据马克思列宁主义关于农业社会主义改造的思想，从我国的实际出发，开创了一条有中国特急的合作化道路，成功地实现了对个体农业的社会主义改造，其历史经验主要有( )

A国家用先进的技术和装备发展农业经济

B遵循自愿互利、典型示范和国家帮助的原则

C在土地改革后不答时机地引导个体农民走互助合作道路

D采取从互助到初级社再到高级社的逐渐过渡形式

30、刑法的基本原则是指刑法特有的在刑法的立法、解释和适用过程中所必须的具有全局性、根本性的准则，我国刑法明文规定的基本原则有( )

A、罪刑法定原则

B、疑罪从无原则

C、罪刑相当原则

D、适用刑法一律平等原则

31 有位科学家曾说过：“法律必须被信仰，否则等于形同虚设。”这句话表明一个人只有从内心深处真正认同、信任和信仰法律，才会自觉维护法律的权威，由此可得( )

A 法律的内在说服力是法律权威的内在基础

B 法律权威不可能完全建立在外在强制力的基础之上

C 法律信仰与宗教信仰没有本质的区别

D 法律信仰是法律制定和执行的根本依据

32、年1015日至18日，中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第五次全体会议在京举行，全会审议通过的《中共忠言关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二五个建设的建议》强调，在当代中国，坚持发展是硬道理的本质要求，就是坚持社会主义更加关注：( )

A 以人为本

B 全面协调可持续发展

C统筹兼顾

D 保障和改善民生，促进社会公平公正

33.2010年4月13日，胡锦涛在核安全峰会上发表题为《携手应对核安全挑战共同促进和平与发展》的讲话，强调中国本着负责的态度，高度重视核安全，坚决反对核扩散和核恐怖主义，为此作出了一系列积极努力，其中包括( )

A.全面加强核安全能力

B.严格履行核安全国际义务

C.重视并积极参与国际核安全合作

D.积极向发展中国家提供核安全援助

1，从实践是人和自然关系的基础的角度说明为什么“垃圾是放错地方的资源？”5分

2，运用矛盾分析方法说明“没有退路就多想出路”5分

1，从“打橄榄球”和“唱大合唱”的形象比较中，说明我国政党制度的特点和优点 5分

2，我国各民主党派在社会主义建设中如何发挥参政议政的作用？ 5分

36,

1，为什么说中国共产党的成立“是开天辟地的大事变”？ 4分

2，结合中国共产党成立以来中国社会变革的历程，说明“主义”和“信仰”是怎样成为“力量”的？ 6分

1，如何理解“给人温暖就是给自己幸福”？ 6分

2，为什么说郭明义的先进事迹是“简单中的伟大“？ 4分

1，针对材料中所反映的西方某些人士对中国的“捧”与“批”，谈谈什么是“真实的中国”以及中国的责任是什么。

篇9：考研教育学考研真题评析

考研教育学考研真题评析

20考研教育学考研真题评析，考研教育学专业课考试已经结束，考研教育网校考研专业课教研团队对2013年教育学基础试题进行了分析，希望能够对考研学员复习备考有所帮助。

篇10：教育学考研真题评析

2013考研教育学专业课考试已经结束，三人行考研专业课教研团队对2013年教育学基础试题进行了分析，希望能够对20的考生备考有所帮助。

一、命题范围和题型结构严格遵循大纲要求

2013年考研教育学基础综合试题与2012年、20试题比较，命题范围仍然严格按照《2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学专业基础综合考试大纲》进行，基本没有超出考纲或偏离考纲的题目。考试题型没有任何变化，试卷题型结构包括：单项选择题 45小题，每小题2分，共90分;辨析题 3小题，每小题15分，共45分;简答题 5小题，每小题15分，共75分;分析论述题 3小题，每小题 30分，共90分。此外，各科总分值的大致分布也没有变化。试卷内容结构包括必答题和必选题两部分：必答题为270分，其中，教育学原理约100分，中外教育史约100分，教育心理学约40分，教育研究方法约30分; 必选题为30分，考生必须在两道试题中选取一道作答。第Ⅰ道题考查教育心理学的内容，第Ⅱ道题考查教育研究方法的内容，考生若两题都回答，只按第Ⅰ道题的成绩计入总分。总体而言，今年教育学基础综合试题范围还是比较适中的，有关教育学原理、中外教育史、教育心理学和教育研究方法五门科目的题目比例也大致符合大纲要求，大部分题目考察的都是在平时的教学和学习过程中的重点知识。

从考点的整体分布来看，教育学原理和中外教育史更受重视，加大了对中国教育史尤其是中国近现代教育史相关知识点的考查力度。与往年试题相比，选择题部分各科的分值比重略有变化，教育学原理依旧是13道，共26分;教育心理学和教育研究方法改变了以往各占一半的局面，教育心理学是7道，而教育研究方法只有5道，分别占14分和10分。教育史总体没有变化，但是中国教育史由去年的10道增加到11到，外国教育史则相应减少到了9道题。中国教育史11题中，近现代教育史的知识点就有6道，中国近现代教育史在今年试题中备受重视，这也体现在简答题中。简答题一共五道，第49题“简述知识中心课程的主要特点”，第50题“简述‘尊重学生’的基本内涵”，第51题“简述梁启超关于教育作用和宗旨的观点”，第52题“简述操作技能学习的高原现象及其产生的主要原因”，第53题“简述教育研究课题论证的基本内容”。对于三人行学员和用过三人行核心习题集核心试卷的同学来说，这些题目都比较熟悉。在今年的简答题中，教育学原理的比重是最大的，占了总体的40%，没有外国教育史。研究方法在简答中则没有出现。

篇11：考研英语作文真题及

(When the issue of teaching and learning / education / role model arouses wide concern from the public, can we still stand there, hesitating for what occurs?) As we can see from the depiction, a father, sitting in front of a television which broadcasts some kinds of soap operas, is appreciating nuts and bolts of these invariable plots, without any caring about his kids. Actually, it is a Morning Call to send us a message that we adults always perform something wasting much of precious time, thus spoiling youth as every second elapses.

(But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of common housewives or househusbands than it is of the slightly more luxurious agony of the decline in time-managing ability even of the educated teenagers.) Several factors could weigh heavily for this degeneration, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects. To begin with, habit is habit. We parents are good at giving ourselves sufficient excuses to support what we always do in our daily life. If one example is needed, I could not but mention the following well-known scientist, whose name is Freud, illuminating that a kind of habit, representing a sense of spiritual existence, can never be changed as long as continuing for 47 days, nor is this kind of negative model behaviors. Furthermore, externally, our society is witnessing an overwhelming number of low-level TV programs, ranging from entertaining shows, TV talk shows and TV series to some other inferior products, which differ in forms as well as broadcasting time but never in their contents. Then, the consequence is distinct. It goes with no exaggeration to say that soap opera ruins the concept of “Like father, like son”.

Fortunately, that is not the Day of Judgment. It is, undoubtedly, the very time that we should take some available methods to end up these inappropriate behaviors, including laying down the effective regulations to arrange family time, shaping a moderate education / family outlook and guaranteeing more rational lifestyles.

Suppose you are a libraian in your university. write a notice of about 100 words, providing the new-enrolled international students with relevent information about the library.

You should write nearly on the ANSWER SHEET

Don not sign your own name at the end of the notice, use “li ming” instead

Do not write the adress (10 points)

参考范文1：

Notice

For better serving the international students, a notice is released here to provide the necessary information about the library.

The university library opens at 8 a.m. and closes at 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday, but from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekends. If you need to borrow books, please follow the following steps. First, bring your student card and register first at the librarian’s office. At most six books can be borrowed once from the library. You should keep in mind the days that you can keep the book(s) you borrow. Three months is the longest period. If you exceed the limited time, some fines should be paid.

If you have any questions or suggestions about borrowing or returning books, telephone 010-8248119 or send an email to university@163.com. We sincerely hope you all enjoy the study and life in our university.

University Library

December 26,

参考范文2：

Notice

Welcome you to this university and this new-bulided library. I am a libraian in our university and will give you relevent information about the library.

To begin with, there is circulation desk in the circulation hall so that you can borrow and return books more quickly and conveniently. Besides, the hours of loan books is during 9:00-17:00 from Monday to Friday so that you can take best advantage of the library. Moreover, the computer room in the library is big enough for you to search for some academic information charged by the hour so you must ensure that some money is left in your ID card.

I hope you will find the above information useful and I would be ready to discuss the matter with you to further details. If you have any questions about the library, please call 123456or send messages to 123456@abc. Wish you a good time during your colledge life.

ABC university

June 10, 2015

参考范文3：

Notice

This notice is to introduce briefly the library on our campus to those international students who are newly enrolled. The following points is supposed to arouse the attention of new overseas students. At the top of the list, the library opens at 7:00 o’clock in the morning and closes at 22:30 everyday, so it is wise for anyone who wants to read books in the library and borrow book to remember the above mentioned time. More importantly, each foreign student need apply for an entrance card to the library in the International Students Office in our university. Last but not least, I, on behalf of our library, extend warm greetings to all newly students from abroad.

If anyone has questions, please no not hesitate to call 86010123 or send message to liabrarys@ccc.edu.cn for the detailed information.

参考范文4：

Notice

First, welcome to our university! Since you are new here, in order to enable you to make good use of the library, some relevant information about the library is given as follows.

The library is open from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm every day except national holidays, and you can borrow books needed from the front desk which is located on the first floor, where you can have a break on the comfortable sofa. Besides, for your reference, on the second floor are books related to the social science and on the third floor are books related to natural science. If you have any problem, you can come to the information desk to ask for help.

I hope these pieces of information will be of great help to your future study the Library of the University

参考范文5：

Notice

December 26, 2015

Welcome to our university! As a librarian, I would like to provide you with detailed information as regards our library.

To begin with, since computers are used by all major libraries to streamline cataloguing, we also have access to the Internet via computers. In addition, by the end of last semester, we have already replaced all the outdated facilities and provide more conveniences to readers. The last but not the least, we have just prolonged the opening hour of our library, which is from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.

In the end, we are so glad to hear that you the opportunity to study in our university. I am sure you will have a wonderful time here.

篇12：考研英语作文真题及

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should

1. describe the pictures briefly,

2. interpret its intended meaning, and

3. give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points)

A group of friends, boys or girls, are having a dinner party while each one of them is checking messages in their mobile phones without saying a word to one another, leaving the dishes untouched.We are informed that this is a gathering in the era of mobile phone.

The above picture unveils a common social phenomenon and the symbolic meaning of the photo is the effect of the mobile phone on people's way of life. Undoubtedly, the phone provides us with considerable convenience, making many things possible which are beyond our dreams. As a communication tool, the phone makes us closer than ever before by providing immediate communication. Meanwhile, there are negative effects on our personal life. As is shown in the picture, people are imprisoned in their own world! They choose contacting online rather than communicating face to face.

Accordingly, enjoying the convenience provided by the phones, we should bear in mind that human beings are social beings who need real interpersonal interactions! Joint efforts are needed to ensure people to have face-to-face communication! I believe a harmonious relationship between friends is awaiting us if we set aside our mobile phones and enjoy the untouched meal!

Directions:

you are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.

You should state reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 points)

篇13：考研英语作文真题及

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. you should

1) interpret the chart and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).

参考例文：

As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the proportion of money spent on various affairs demonstrates obvious differences during the Spring Festival in one city of China. According to the data given, the money spent on buying gifts for others takes a lion’s share, accounting for 40%. While transportation takes away 20% of the whole proportion.

What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the ever-growing eagerness to keep up with others, oceans of folks intended to offer thicker and thicker red envelope to kids as gift money, which leads to the high proportion of our expenditure. What’s more, due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move from their hometowns to work in big cities. In order to cover the long distance and enjoy the happy together with family members, a large amount of money is spent on transportation.

In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And therefore, it can be predicted that buying gifts and transportation will still take up a large share in our expenditure during the Spring Festival.

文章第一段描写图表，可以指出我国某市居民春节假期花销比例组成，由于字数的原因，也可以具体描述两种，不过，要记住第一段是第二段的基础;第二段进行分析原因，生活的改进肯定是一大原因，再找具体所占比列的原因。还可以写第三段，不过不建议太模板的具体，一定要跟本题进行具体的结合!

今年英语二的作文出题可谓是另辟蹊径!小作文如此，大作文亦是一样!从设立英语二的试卷以来，连续五年的大作文都考到的是图表，而图表都是柱状图!而今年考查的图表是饼形图!相信不仅是众多的考研同学们，就是不少老师都是始料未及的!

Directions:

Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to

1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and

2) call for volunteers.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your name or the name of your university.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

题目译文

假设你们大学将要为高中生举办一场夏令营。写一篇告示

1) 简要介绍夏令营的活动，并且

2) 招募志愿者。

你应该在答题卡上写大约100词。

不要签你的名字或写你大学的名称。

不要写地址。(10分)

篇14：考研英语作文真题及

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. you should

1) interpret the chart and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).

某高校学生旅游目的调查

参考例文：

As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the purpose of students travelling abroad demonstrates obvious differences in one college of China. According to the data given, the purpose of enjoying the beautiful landscape takes a comparatively large share, accounting for 37%, while that of relieving pressure also takes away 20% of the whole proportion.

What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the rapid economic development of economy, people, including college students, are becoming increasingly wealthy, which enables them to afford the once-deemed- expensive oversea traveling. In order to enjoy the charming landscape all around the world, a large proportion of students choose to travel abroad. What’s more, along with the ever-accelerating improvement of economy and society is also the ever-increasing work and life pressure. Consequently, the purpose of relieving pressure ranks the second among all the purposes for folks to travel around the world.

In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And therefore, it can be predicted that admiring the scenery and alleviating pressure will still be the main purpose for people to arrange a traveling to other countries.

作文解析

今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图表显示了某高校学生旅游目的调查, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。

第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，表述数据时，图中有四五组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出较大比例的“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”，注意引入百分比的表达方式。

第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么为了欣赏风景而旅行的目的占37%，另一方面为什么缓解压力会占到33%比例。

最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。

Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to

1)thank him;

2)give your advice.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)

下面我们来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：

称呼： Dear Jack注意称呼中，后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。

正文：建议大家三步走策略――简洁、直接、明了：写作目的、写作是由、重申目的。

第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明感谢来自朋友的祝贺;可以采用这样的表达方式：I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.

第二段：写作内容应以建议为主体。在这个过程中可以把日常我们如何提高的方式写进正文，如讲究学习方式、注重坚持、多多接触外文文化及语境。那本篇老师主要从前两个方面进行论述，表达如下：As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. At the top of list is the persistence due to the fact that you could deserve the position after days or years of efforts that you have had in the field. What’s more, you are supposed to pay more attention to the way in which you finish your major, for it plays a significant role in the process.

第三段：再次强调重申写信目的，如Thanks again and I do hope that my suggestions can be in favor of your future study.

落款： Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;签名： Li Ming特别注意 Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。

整体成文如下：

Dear Jack,

I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.

As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. At the top of list is the persistence due to the fact that you could deserve the position after days or years of efforts that you have had in the field. What’s more, you are supposed to pay more attention to the way in which you finish your major, for it plays a significant role in the process.

Thanks again and I do hope that my suggestions can be in favor of your future study.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

1.考研英语经典作文话题汇总

2.2017考研英语作文必背范文例文

篇15：考研英语作文真题及

Dear friends，

I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books.

The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination. Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author.

So I recommend it to all of you as one of the favorite books that I have ever read. I am sure you will love it as much as I do. I am looking forward to discussing more with you after you read it.

Yours sincerely,

o Li Ming

篇16：考研英语作文真题及

Volunteers Needed

June 1,

In order to improve high school students’ abilities and to enrich their after-class activities, our university is going to hold a summer camp in our campus during this summer vacation.

These high school students will be involved in various activities, including taking part in speeches and debates, attending group discussions, and so on. First of all, a variety of activities organized by us could show their outstanding abilities and to help them develop a range of practical skills. What is more, their active participation helps in strengthening the sense of responsibility and developing interpersonal relationship.

Those who are interested in being volunteers may sign up with the monitor of their class before June 10, 2015. Come and join us now. (119 words)

The Students’ Union

参考译文

招募志愿者

6月1日

为了提高高中生的能力并丰富其课外活动，我校将于今年暑假在本校举办一场夏令营。

这些高中生将参加各种各样的活动，包括参加演讲与辩论，加入小组讨论等等。首先，我们组织的这些各类活动能够展示其出色的能力，并帮他们提高实践技能。其次，积极参与有助于增强他们的责任感和培养人际关系。

有兴趣成为志愿者的学生请于206月10日之前在班长处报名。现在就加入我们吧。

学生会

1.考研英语作文必背范文例文

篇17：考研英语真题作文

Direction：

Study the following pictures carefully and write and write an essay about 200 words based on the following：

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon， the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm. With proper temperature， moisture and fertilizer， the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary， when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain， the flower soon fades and withers（枯萎）， with the petals cast about on the grounds.

Accordingly， it is vital for us to derive positive implication from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand， we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to more independent in life. On the other hand， parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability， and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.

篇18：考研英语作文真题及精选

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1)describe the drawing briefly,

2)interpret its intended meaning, and

3)give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)

作文解析

的大作文从总体上来看不难，因为它考查到了现在的一个社会热点。而且从十年的考研真题来讲，的大作文考查到的是赡养老人的问题，当年的图画是可怜的老父亲缩成了一只皮球，四个儿女守着四个球门，老人被儿女们踢来踢去。当年全国考生平均分10.88分，难度系数0.544，区分度为0.64764。当年的描述图画部分比较难表达，而今年图画描述部分相比起来就容易得多。下面我们就从写作的标准三段式来讲讲这三段我们应该怎么写。

第一段图画描述段的写作内容主要是表述图画，需包括两点：三十年前是个什么样子，现在是什么样子。三十年前“我”还是个孩子，母亲大手拉小手陪伴着我成长;现在，母亲上年纪了，我快乐地陪伴在母亲的身旁。其实第一段还有两个需要注意的地方，一是题目要求是一幅图，大家在写作时尽量按照一幅图画去处理;二是图画下面的汉字“相携”比较难翻译，不过大家可以意译为陪伴。这两个地方不是大问题，因为它相对于作文要考查考生书面表达的要求来说是微不足道的。

第二段是图画涵义阐释段。本段可分两个方面来具体写。一方面具体写明要照顾老人，因为他们为我们付出了自己的青春;另一方面，我们要关爱儿童的成长，因为他们是我们的未来，祖国的希望。

第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该把尊重和照顾

年迈的父母视为一种道义责任。另外，父母也要关注孩子的成长。只有这样，我们的家庭才能和睦，社会才能更加和谐!

参考例文：

As is vividly described in the left part of the drawing, thirty years ago, there stood a delicate mother, holding the tiny hand of a lovely girl, who wore a red scarf. On the contrary, the right part of the picture illustrates that with time flying quickly, the little girl, who has already grown up as a gorgeous lady, is supporting her old mother. We are informed: accompanying.

It is without saying that the old and the young are two indispensable parts in society. On the one hand, what we have and enjoy now was created by our parents in the early days, as the old Chinese saying goes, “One generation plants tress under whose shade another generation rests”. On the other hand, all of us are supposed to take good care of the youngsters, too. It is children who make us see the future of our state, for they are the future builders of our country.

The young should consider it a moral obligation respecting and taking care of old parents. Meanwhile, it is also the duty of the parents to protect, educate and look after the youths. Let's bear this in mind and cultivate that virtue together, because only by doing so, can we feel as if we were living in a happy and harmonious family.

Directions:

Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.

You should include the details you think necessary.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address.(10 points)

篇19：考研英语作文真题及精选

Dear Mr. President,

It is my great honor to write to you. As far as I am concerned, we have enough extraordinary lectures and what we need now is physical exercise.

Since most of the time is spent in watching TV and playing computer games, our physical conditions are not good enough. i still have some suggestions for you. To begin with, our university should arrange more PE classes. To continue, we should have a fixed schedule for a certain time of outdoor activity. What is more, teaching faculty should be involved in the same kind of physical exercise.

I hope that our university could take the responsibility for our students’ physical health. I will be highly grateful if you could take my suggestions into account.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

篇20：考研英语作文真题及精选

Directions:

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

You should

interpret the chart, and

give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

篇21：考研英语作文真题及精选

What is clearly presented in the above chart is the different numbers of urban residents and rural population among 1990, and .The number of urban residents climbed steadily from 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural population decreased slightly from about 820 million to 680 million or so in the same period.

It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors accounting for this trend. On the one hand, with the rapid development of economy and society, people in mounting numbers crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living and the excitement of urban life recently. On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparative less developed and thus the opportunity to make money and pursue their future is as well lean. As a result, an increasing number of folks are trying to escape this destiny by flocking into the urban areas.

Given the analyses above, I firmly believe that such established trend will surely continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years and due importance should be attached to this evident situation.

Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to

1)tell him about your living habits, and

2)ask for advice about living there.

You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.

Do not use your own name.

篇22：考研英语作文真题及精选

Dear John,

I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.

To begin with, I usually get up early in the morning at six o’clock and then go out to do some exercise. To continue, I would like to spend my spare time in reading in the library. Meanwhile, I wonder if you could be so kind to offer me some proposals on how to get used to the life there.

I am looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

篇23：考研英语作文真题及

Writing

suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and

2)encourage them to participate 100 words use LiMing.Don't write your address。

48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should

(1)interpret the chart ,and

(2)give your comments

You should write about 150 words。

Writing

suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and

2)encourage them to participate 100 words use LiMing.Don't write your address。

48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should

(1)interpret the chart ,and

(2)give your comments

You should write about 150 words。

In the bar chart, it shows the changes of the proportion of the students having part-time jobs during the four years’ study in college. The proportion increases slightly from the first year to the third year, however, the fourth year has witnessed a fast increase, surging to 88.24%.

There is no denying that this trend is very pervasive in current colleges and in a certain degree is quite proper. To begin with, when students in their first year in college, their major job is to study, not to work. They have to lay a profound knowledge base so that they make a good preparation for future work. What’s more, when students are going to step out of school and enter into the society, they have to know lots of experience , for example, how to deal with challenges outside, so they need to have some part-time jobs. Clearly, doing a part time job has many advantages. Students can learn how to get along well with others and know the society more profoundly. Secondly, to take a part-time job provides the students with a valuable opportunity to put what he has learned from books into practice. Finally, students can make some money, which helps to unload their families’financial burden.

Due to the analysis above, to be an eligible heir of socialism construction, you have to strike a balance between your study and the job. Study is your major task while a part time job is a minor one though work experience is desirable.

英语一范文：

从大作文图片可以得到以下的相关信息：图中的年轻人为大学生;2.走在路上，目标众多。我们强调“描述图片：抽象为主”的描述原则，所以在面对此图片时，我们可以将其归类于六类主题中的“人的成长”，即“在路上的年轻人”的抽象含义。而多条道路就是，成长中的选择和机会。所以，描述图片人物可以使用，词汇较为简单的“young people”，其余的内容可以使用六大类词汇中的成长内容，进行写作。如：confidence、Attainment、achieve attainments、striving spirit、surmount the difficulties等即可。

写作的相关要点如下：

(1)描述图片：抽象为主;(2)说明现象：会写为主;(3)分析原因：靠谱为主;(4)建议对策：普通为主。

范文：

As is vividly depicted in the picture, many young people are standing together when they find that there are so many ways to go.Thus，all of them are stopping there and waiting for help. Obviously, it is the shortage of confidence for their future that makes it impossible for them to get the attainment they want to.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is increasingly fierce and there are more and more chance for us to get. But it is impossible for the ones to achieve attainments if the ones have no striving spirit to surmount the difficulties. Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on the striving spirit. In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of fighting is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.

To my way of thinking，the problem that all of the college are just stopping and waiting but no fighting and thinking will generate severe consequences .Measures should be adopted before things get worse.It is high time that all of us ,parents，educators，and the authorities, make combined efforts to make young people change their outlook of life and acquire determined spirit. Only by this way is it reasonable for us to believe that this problem can be perfectly solved in the near future.

篇24：考研英语作文真题

真题：

考研英语一写作大作文有两副图画，第一幅是爸爸坐在电视机前打游戏，但是对书桌前的'儿子说：儿子，你要好好学习。第二幅图则是爸爸与儿子一起在书桌前学习。下面的提示语则是：与其只提要求，不如做个榜样。

关于英语二的作文--某高校大学生旅游的目的，本次作文是一个饼状图。

关于饼状图，第一段可以先描述图表，第二段对进行图表进行剖析。

参考范文：

Wise people used to say that taking actions is of utmost significance in our daily life. This is most vividly illustrated in the given picture, which shows thata father is asking his little son to study hard in the first picture, while in the second picture, the father is setting a model for the son.They happily sit together to study. Funny as the picture, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.

Studying it further, it is easy to figure out that taking actionsto guide the childis the only way to fulfillparents’responsibility. Ourfamily, for example, hasbeen the first place to grow.The parentshaveexertedabout80% influence on the education of the kids.There is no denying that it is theparents’perseverance and taking actions that reallyguide thethe kids to succeed. Iftheynever take action to do something,the childrenwill never have areal guidetofollow.An old saying goes like this: Like father ,like son. A wise father will do his endeavor to help his kids. Kids’ability to judge right from wrong needs to be developed, so if the adults are not setting a good example, they may lead them to a wrong way.

In a word, Ibelieve,As long as parents give their kids the lead by practising what they preaches, their kids will surely follow their way.They should remindthe awareness thatparents’action speaks louder than theirwords.

篇25：北京师范大学考研《语言学》真题

1. Define the following terms:20 points

1) langue

2) parole

3) allophone

4) semantic field

5) cohesion

2.Try to identify the possible paradigmatic relation between any items in the following poem by Lu Xun 10points

岂有豪情似旧时？

花开花落两由之。

何期泪洒江南雨，

又为斯民哭健儿！

3.Give some lexical items to illustrate social dialects. Try to explain their connotations.20 points

4. What can this rule mean in English grammar? 10 points

{D}---[-id]/[t]---

5. Define the following sounds in terms of articulatory features10 points

这些音标我打不出来和往年的差不多全掌握了就行

6.Try to tell some of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese nominal constructions. Supply some examples.10 points

7.We can use the pattern “it is ……”to emphasize any part of a sentence except the predicate. What can we do if we must emphasize it ? Please give examples to highlight your emphasis of any part of this sentence :15points

I bought a book in the city yesterday.

8. Try to discuss as many as possible the design features of human language.15 points

9. Observe the following sentences:

老王找到老张，才找到他的儿子。

老王找到老张，才找到他自己的儿子。

老王找到老张，才找到自己的儿子。

老王找到老张，才找到儿子。

Which sentence is clear in its meaning? Which one is unclear? Try to explain why. Point out some features of the Chinese language.10points

10.Discuss the following 2 sentences, and tell why we can assign different values to the year of fifteen:10 points She is already fifteen, and yet she is crying over such a small thing.

She has done it very well; she is only fifteen, you know.

11.What can linguistics do for language learning and teaching? (10 points)

12.Determiner Phrase (DP) is the name newly given to the NP in generative grammar. A DP can be a form like

1)a book;

2)the book;

3)books;

4)o book.

This name may be better than the old name of NP in that it reminds us of sth when we (Chinese speakers) learn or teach English. Do you agree to this? Try to tell anything significant here. (10 points)

篇26：考研政治真题及答案

2019考研政治真题

一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.【答案】C

【解析】识记类知识点。马克思、恩格斯于1847年创建的共产主义者同盟，是世界上第一个无产阶级政党。故本题的正确答案是C。

2.【答案】A

【解析】本题考查的是发展的知识点。题干说橘逾淮为枳发生这个变化的原因是水土发生了变化。故本题的正确答案是A。

3.【答案】A

【解析】本题考查的是唯物史观相关知识点。题干说物质生活的矛盾即排除B,D。物质生活的矛盾即社会生产力和生产关系的矛盾。马克思在《政治经济学批判序》的原话为“物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程……这个意识必须从物质生活的矛盾中，从社会生产力和生产关系之间的现存冲突中去解释。”故本题的正确答案是A。

4.【答案】B

【解析】本题考查的是以私有制为基础的商品经济的基本矛盾知识点。在以私有制为基础的商品经济中，商品生产者的劳动具有二重性，既是具有社会性质的社会劳动，又是具有私人性质的私人劳动。故本题的正确答案是B。

5.【答案】A

【解析】本题考查的知识点是毛泽东思想的核心要义。坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，是改革开放以来我们党全部理论和实践的鲜明主题，也是毛泽东思想的核心要义。故A项正确。B项是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义总任务的内容，故排除。C项是干扰项，故排除。D项是党在初级阶段基本路线的内容。所以，本题的正确答案是A项。

6.【答案】C

【解析】本题考查的知识点是总体国家安全观。总体国家安全观是指坚持国家利益至上，以人民安全为宗旨，以政治安全为根本，以经济安全为基础，以军事、文化、社会安全为保障，以促进国际安全为依托，维护各领域国家安全，构建国家安全体系，走中国特色国家安全道路。A项政治安全是根本，故排除。B项经济安全是基础，故排除。D项军事、文化、社会安全是保障，故排除。因此，本题的正确答案是C项。

7.【答案】B

【解析】本题考查的知识点是新时代党的建设的根本方针。“坚持党要管党、全面从严治党”是新时代党的建设的根本方针。“全面”是基础。“严”是关键。“治”是要害。因此，本题的正确答案是B项。

8.【答案】D

【解析】本题考查的知识点是乡村振兴战略的根本目的。--在党的十九大报告中指出：“要坚持农业农村优先发展，按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求，建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系，加快推进农业农村现代化。”这段话是对乡村振兴战略的内涵高度概括。其中，“加快推进农业农村现代化”是实施乡村振兴战略的目标，“坚持农业农村优先发展”是实施乡村振兴战略的指导思想，“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”是实施乡村振兴战略的总要求，或者总的工作思路，“建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系”是讲从体制机制创新方面如何确保乡村振兴战略的实施。因此，本题的正确答案是D项。

9.【答案】C

【解析】本题考查的知识点是戊戌维新运动。“百日维新”期间颁布的各项政令大多是接受了维新派的建议而制定的，旨在开放一定程度的言论、出版、结社自由，使资产阶级享受一定程度的政治权利，促进资本主义工商业的发展，因此，戊戌维新是一场资产阶级性质的改良运动。因此，本题的正确答案是C项。

10.【答案】A

【解析】本题考查的知识点是中国共产党领导的工人斗争。2018年11月23日，--在纪念刘少奇同志诞辰120周年座谈会上的讲话中讲到，从中国共产党成立初期到土地革命战争时期,刘少奇同志在工人运动和党在白区工作等方面作出杰出贡献。1922年春天,刘少奇同志根据党的指示回国,参与领导闻名全国的安源路矿工人大罢工,这是中国共产党第一次独立领导并取得完全胜利的工人斗争,提高了党组织在工人群众中的威信。他组织领导的安源路矿工人俱乐部和汉冶萍总工会是当时全国最大的产业工会组织,成为激励全国工人运动的一面旗帜,刘少奇同志也因此成为我国著名工人运动领袖和主要领导人之一。因此，本题的正确答案是A项。

11.【答案】A

【解析】本题考查的知识点是西安事变及其和平解决。中国共产党从民族大义岀发，为了团结国民党共同抗日，确定促成事变和平解决的基本方针，派周恩来等到西安，并参加张、杨同南京方面代表宋美龄、宋子文的和平谈判。蒋介石被迫作出了停止“剿共”、联合红军抗日等六项承诺。西安事变的和平解决成为时局转换的枢纽，十年内战的局面由此结束，国内和平基本实现。因此，本题的正确答案是A项。

12.【答案】D

【解析】本题考查的知识点是重庆谈判。1945年8月14日、20日、23日，蒋介石三次电邀-到重庆共商“国际国内各种重要问题”。为了争取和平民主，-不顾个人安危，于8月28日偕周恩来、王若飞赴重庆与国民党当局进行谈判。10月10日，双方签署《政府与中共代表会谈纪要》，即“双十协定”，确认和平建国的基本方针，同意“长期合作，坚决避免内战”。因此，本题的正确答案是D项。

13.【答案】D

【解析】本题考查的知识点：社会主义国家教育的根本任务

--今年9月10日在全国教育大会上的讲话中提出了关于教育的“首要问题”和我国教育的“根本任务”的重要论断。他指出：培养什么人，是教育的首要问题。我国是中国共产党领导的社会主义国家，这就决定了我们的教育必须把培养社会主义建设者和接班人作为根本任务，培养一代又一代拥护中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度、立志为中国特色社会主义奋斗的有用人才。这是教育工作的根本任务，也是教育现代化的方向目标。故本题的正确答案是D。

14.【答案】B

【解析】本题考查的知识点：人生价值是自我价值和社会价值的统一

自我价值和社会价值是人生价值的两个基本内容，自我价值是个体对自我物质和精神的满足程度，社会价值是个体对社会和他人所作出的贡献，自我价值和社会价值是辩证统一的，二者相互联系、相互区别、相互制约，一方面，自我价值是个体生存发展的必要条件，是个体为社会创造更大价值的前提和基础，另一方面，社会价值是社会存在和发展的重要条件，是个人价值实现的保障，没有社会价值，就没有自我价值，故本题的正确答案是B。

15.【答案】A

【解析】根据《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书原文，“中美两国经济发展阶段，经济制度不同，存在经贸摩擦是正常的，关键是如何增进互信，促进合作、管控分歧。”故，本题答案为A。

16.【答案】D

【解析】根据题干以及事实内容，答案为D选项。

二、多项选择题：17～33题，每小题2分，共34分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，至少有两个选项是符合题目要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。多选或少选均不得分。

17.【答案】BD

【解析】虚拟现实技术带来的互动体验，并不能改变物质世界的客观实在性，只是表明物质世界的存在形式具有多样性和人们可以通过实践活动创造出自然界原本不存在的现实状态，所以排除选项A;信息不是独立于物质和意识的第三种存在状态，所以排除选项C;因此，本题的正确答案是选项BD。

18.【答案】ABCD

【解析】实践的真理尺度是指在实践中人们必须遵循正确反映客观事物本质和规律的真理，即合规律性;实践的价值尺度是指在实践中人们都是按照自己的尺度和需要去认识世界和改造世界，即合目的性。任何成功的实践都是真理尺度和价值尺度的统一。基因编辑技术作为基因组编辑工具，给多种疾病治疗提供了新的策略和潜在手段，但其临床应用上还有诸多尚未解决的科学和伦理问题，所以可能突破人类的伦理道德底线。科学技术本来的目的是为人类自身服务,但由于科技在使用过程中受负面价值的影响,使得科技成为异己的力量,反过来统治人类。因此，本题的正确答案是选项ABCD。

19.【答案】AC

【解析】平均利润率是不同部门的资本家之间竞争的结果，在利润平均化规律作用下，产业资本家获得产业利润，商业资本获得商业利润，银行资本家获得银行利润，农业资本家获得农业利润。利润平均化规律，反映了在瓜分剩余价值上，资本家之间存在竞争和矛盾，但在加强对工人阶级的剥削以榨取更大量的剩余价值这一点上，资本家之间有着共同的阶级利益。因此，本题的正确答案是选项AC。

20.【答案】BCD

【解析】本题考查的知识点是资本主义为社会主义所代替的历史必然性。任何社会形态的存在都有相对稳定性，A错误。BCD都是资本主义向社会主义过渡复杂性、长期性的过程的原因。故本题的正确答案是BCD。

21.【答案】ACD

【解析】本题考查的知识点是科学社会主义的一般原则。无论哪一个社会形态，在它所能容纳的全部生产力发挥出来以前，是绝不会灭亡的;而新的更高的生产关系，在它的物质存在条件在旧社会的胎胞里成熟以前，是绝不会出现的，这说明两者的生产方式是有必然的联系的，B错误。故本题的正确答案是ACD。

22.【答案】ACD

【解析】本题考查知识点：社会主要矛盾的变化。

我国社会主要矛盾的变化，没有改变我们对我国社会主义所处历史阶段的判断，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，AD正确。我国是世界最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变，C项正确。B项无关。因此，本题的正确答案是ACD。

23.【答案】ABC

【解析】本题考查知识点：--在民营企业座谈会上的讲话

民营经济是社会主义市场经济发展的重要成果，是推动社会主义市场经济发展的重要力量，是推进供给侧结构性改革、推动高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系的重要主体，也是我们党长期执政、团结带领全国人民实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要力量。D项应为公有制经济，故本题正确答案是ABC。

24.【答案】ABC

【解析】国家治理体系和治理能力是一个相辅相成的有机整体，通过好的国家治理体系提高治理能力，通过提高国家治理能力充分发挥国家治理体系的效能。同时，又不能把国家治理体系和国家治理能力等同起来，不是国家治理体系越完善，国家治理能力越强。故本题的正确答案是ABC。

25.【答案】BCD

【解析】本题考查的知识点是 “一国两制”。“一国两制”战略构想说的是国内问题，和国际无关，故排除A项。因此，本题的正确答案是BCD项。

26.【答案】ACD

【解析】本题考查的知识点是建设中国特色社会主义文化。--在十九大报告中讲到，中国特色社会主义文化，源自于中华民族五千多年文明历史所孕育的中华优秀传统文化，熔铸于党领导人民在革命、建设、改革中创造的革命文化和社会主义先进文化，植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践。因此，本题的正确答案是ACD项。

27.【答案】ABCD

【解析】1928年10月，-率领湘赣边秋收起义的工农革命军，之所以选择井冈山的原因是有良好的群众基础，地势优势是易攻难守，易于部队筹款筹粮，且敌人力量相对薄弱，因此正确答案是ABCD。

28.【答案】ABC

【解析】新中国成立标志着社会主义基本取得胜利，第一大历史任务的完成，半殖民半封建社会基本结束，中国共产党的执政地位发生根本性的变化，因此ABC都是符合题干的，D选项是三大改在完成的重大标志，故排除。

29.【答案】AC

【解析】十一届三中全会后，农业和农村经济发展面临的两大问题是：一亿农民的温饱问题尚未解决，“政社合一”的人民公社体制亟待改革。其中B选项已经完成，D选项还没有涉及这个问题。因此正确答案是AC。

30.【答案】ABC

【解析】本题考查的知识点：社会主义核心价值观的意义

2018年3月十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过了宪法修正案，把社会主义核心价值观正式写入宪法，社会主义核心价值观把国家、社会、个人三个层面的内涵集中概括，对社会主义现代化建设具有积极推动作用。积极培育践行社会主义核心价值观具有重大意义，主要表现在：它是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的价值遵循，是提高文化软实力的迫切要求，是增进社会团结和谐的最大公约数。故本题的正确答案是ABC。

31.【答案】ABCD

【解析】本题考查的知识点：德治和法治的区别

德治和法治是治国理政必不可少的两种手段，都对社会秩序和人的行为起到规范的作用，但二者存在很大不同。思想道德和法律在调节领域、调节方式、调节目标等方面发挥的作用和方式存在很大不同，首先二者发挥作用方式不同，德治主要依靠道德教化对人的思想进行调节，法治主要依靠法律的强制力来进行实施;其次，调节范围不同，德治主要是对人的思想道德领域进行调节，法治主要是对人的行为规范领域进行调节。德治和法治在地位和实现途径上也有不同，在地位上：法治是治国理政基本方式和基本方略，具有根本性、决定性和统一性;德治是治国理政的重要方式。在实现途径上：法治主要靠制定和实施法律规范进行，德治主要依靠培育和弘扬道德进行。故本题的正确答案是ABCD。

32.【答案】ABCD

【解析】6月22日至23日，中央外事工作会议在北京召开。中共中央-、-、中央军委主席-强调，从党的十九大到党的十二大，是实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期，在中华民族伟大复兴历史复兴历史进程中具有特殊重大意义。纵观人类历史，世界发展从来都是各种矛盾相互交织、相互作用的综合结果。我们要深入分析世界转型过渡期国际形势的演变规律，准确把握历史交汇期我国外部环境的基本特征，统筹谋划和推进对外工作。既要把握世界多极化加速推进的大势，又要重视大国关系深入调整的态势。既要把握经济全球化持续发展的大势，又要重视世界经济格局深刻演变的动向。既要把握国际环境总体稳定的大势，又要重视国际安全挑战错综复杂的局面。因此，答案为ABCD。

33.【答案】ABCD

【解析】根据对题干的分析和实时内容，因此答案为ABCD。

三、分析题：34～38小题，每小题10分，共50分。要求结合所学知识分析材料并回答问题。将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。

34.【参考答案】

(1)(1)如何理解“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”? (5分)

“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”是由真理的本性和实践的特点决定的。

真理的本性是主观和客观的一致、符合。实践是主观见之于客观的物质活动，是沟通主观和客观的“桥梁”，它不仅具有普遍性的特点和优点，而且具有直接现实性的特点和优点。只有实践才能把主观认识同客观实在联系起来加以对照，从而判明主观与客观是否一致，判明认识是否具有真理性。

通过真理标准大讨论，再次确认实践是检验真理的唯一标准，这就解放了思想，为十一届三中全会的召开凝聚了思想共识。

(2)从实践标准的绝对性与相对性的关系，谈谈你对“实践没有止境，理论创新也没有止境”的认识。(5分)

“实践没有止境，理论创新也没有止境”说明实践作为检验真理的标准，既是绝对性的，又是相对性的，实践标准是确定性与不确定性的统一。

实践标准的确定性即绝对性是指：实践是检验真理的唯一标准，此外再无别的标准;凡经过实践证明了的一切认识都是客观真理，都具有不可推翻的性质;实践能够检验一切认识，即使当前的实践还不能加以判定，最终也会被以后的实践做出裁决。

实践标准的不确定性是指：一定历史阶段上的具体实践具有局限性，它往往不能充分证明或驳倒某一认识的真理性;实践检验真理是一个过程，不是一次完成的;已被实践检验过的真理还要继续经受实践的检验。

“实践没有止境，理论创新也没有止境”要求我们不断通过实践活动推动理论的发展，说明实践标准既是绝对的又是相对的。

35.【参考答案】

(1)为什么说“改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择”?(5分)

题干中“改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择”，充分论证在新时时代背景下坚持改革开放基本国策的重要性。

1978年党的十一届三中全会，以巨大政治勇气和理论勇气做出了把工作重心转移到经济建设上来，实行改革开放的重大决策。这是中国处于历史转折关头作出的战略抉择。做出了将全党的工作重心转移到社会主义现代化建设上来的伟大决策，揭开了改革开放的序幕，中国由此进入改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的历史新时期。

从国际环境看，世界范围兴起的新科技革命推动世界经济以更快速度向前发展，赶上时代潮流，提高人民生活水平，改革开放是必由之路。

因此说，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，是中国特色社会主义的发展的重要法宝，也是中国特色社会主义发展的必由之路。

(2)如何理解进入新时代必须“以改革开放的眼光看待改革开放”?(5分)

“进入新时代以改革开放的眼光看待改革开放”充分说明中国特色社会主义进入新时代，新时代最新的历史定位、面临新矛盾和历史任务，新的使命和新的矛盾需要改革开放手段加以解决。

改革开放是一个国家、一个民族的生存发展之道。没有改革开放就没有当代中国的发展进步。改革只有进行时，没有完成时。改革中出现的问题要用改革的办法来解决，停滞和倒退没有出路，要将改革进行到底。改革过程中并非坦途也唯有改革才有出路。既要看到发展中的成就，也要看到发展中出现的问题，要用深化改革的办法解决前进中的问题。

改革开放40年，在这一探索过程总结了成功的经验，为后续继续深入改革提供借鉴，与此同时也出现了历史性难题，为进行创新性探索提供启发。成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，形成中国特色社会主义理论，形成中国特色社会主义制度，传播了中国特色社会主义文化，面对世界怎么了，我们怎么办，贡献出中国智慧和中国方案。

实践证明，我们走改革开放这条路是一条正确道路，只要锲而不舍、一以贯之、再接再厉，必然创造出新的更大奇迹。

36.【参考答案】

(1)如何理解马克思列宁主义给中国人民“指明了前进方向，提供了全新选择”?(5分)

马克思主义传入中国给中国人民指明了前进方向，提供了全新选择：

旧民主主义革命时期，为改变中华民族的命运，中国人民和无数仁人志士进行了艰苦的探索和不屈不挠的斗争,然而旧式农民革命，不触动封建根基的自强运动和改良主义，资产阶级革命派领导的革命以及照搬西方资本主义的其他种.种方案,因其各自的局限性和缺点,都不能完成反帝反封建的历史任务。究其原因，主要在于没有坚强的领导核心，没有科学的指导思想。

十月革命推动中国的先进分子把目光从西方转向东方，从资产阶级民主主义转向社会主义。十月革命给予中国人的启示有：①中国可以学习俄国走社会主义道路;②中国可以学习俄国科学社会主义思想;③中国可以学习俄国广泛发动群众的革命方法。除此之外，新文化运动的推动和影响，为马克思主义在中国的广泛传播准备了思想和文化的条件。五四运动中，有力地促进了马克思主义在中国的传播及其与中国工人运动的结合。1921年7月，中国共产党一大在上海召开，会议确立了党的指导思想为马克思主义。

在马克思主义的指导下，中国革命出现了新局面。中国革命从此有了科学理论的指导、坚强的领导核心、正确的纲领和奋斗目标以及全新的革命方法。

(2)中华民族实现了从东亚病夫到站起来，从站起来到富起来的伟大飞跃，并迎来了从富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃说明了什么?

“三次飞跃”证明了：

中国共产党诞生后，中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命和建设的具体实际结合起来，团结带领人民经过长期奋斗，完成新民主主义革命和社会主义革命，建立起中华人民共和国和社会主义基本制度，进行了社会主义建设的艰辛探索，实现了中华民族从东亚病夫到站起来的伟大飞跃。这一伟大飞跃以铁一般的事实证明，只有社会主义才能救中国!

改革开放以来，中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同中国改革开放的具体实际结合起来，团结带领人民进行建设中国特色社会主义新的伟大实践，使中国大踏步赶上了时代，实现了中华民族从站起来到富起来的伟大飞跃。这一伟大飞跃以铁一般的事实证明，只有中国特色社会主义才能发展中国!

在新时代，中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同新时代中国具体实际结合起来，团结带领人民进行伟大斗争、建设伟大工程、推进伟大事业、实现伟大梦想，推动党和国家

事业取得全方位、开创性历史成就，发生深层次、根本性历史变革，中华民族迎来了从富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。这一伟大飞跃以铁一般的事实证明，只有坚持和发展中国特色社会主义才能实现中华民族伟大复兴!

37.【参考答案】

(1)如何理解“英雄烈士的事迹和精神是中华民族共同的记忆和宝贵的精神财富”?(5分)

烈士精神指的是中国革命道德。中国革命道德是中国共产党人、人民军队、一切先进分子和人民群众在中国新民主主义革命和社会主义革命、建设与改革中所形成的优良道德。继承和弘扬中国革命道德传统，对于推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业具有重大意义。

首先，有利于坚定信念，加强和巩固社会主义与共产主义理想信念。崇高的信念是共产党人追求真理、开拓创新的精神动力，加强理想信念的教育，有利于充实人民群众的精神生活，有利于坚持发展中国特色社会主义道路。

其次，有利于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。中国革命道德是先进价值观在道德领域的集中体现，蕴含着培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的丰富思想道德资源。

再次，有利于引导人们树立正确的道德观，能够引导人们正确对待个人利益和社会利益、国家利益，积极投身于中国特色社会主义建设当中。

最后，有利于培育良好的社会道德风尚。净化社会人际关系，抵制各种腐朽思想，传播正能量。(2)从法律社会作用的角度，分析为什么要用法律的名义保护英雄烈士?(5分)

以法律保护烈士及事迹，是基于当前的国际国内环境提出的十分必要的重大举措，也表现出了德治需与法治紧密结合，尤其是法治对道德的支撑作用。

法治是治国理政的基本方式，依法治国是基本方略，法治具有根本性、决定性和统一性，它强调对任何人都一律平等，任何人都必须遵守法律。法治发挥作用，要以国家强制力为后盾，主要依靠法律的预测作用，惩罚作用，威慑作用和预防作用。法治主要依靠制定和实施法律规范的形式来推进和实施，

以《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》的颁布为契机，在日常中继承和发扬中国革命道德，坚决抵制玷污英雄烈士的行为，就体现出了法治对道德的支撑作用，也体现出我们运用法治手段解决道德领域的突出问题。

从道德角度来说，继承和弘扬中国革命道德传统有利于实现中华民族伟大复兴，从法律角度来说，《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》的颁布，可以有力打击玷污英雄烈士的行为，维护道德领域的气正风清。

38.【参考答案】

(1)为什么说主场外交已成为全新的 “中国名片”?(4分)

进入新时代，中国国际地位不断提高并日益走进世界舞台的中央。中国发展离不开世界，世界的发展也离不开中国，世界期盼中国关于世界和平、发展、治理的声音。中国以负责任大国的身份，全面对外开放，着力打造对外开放的新高地，积极组织主场国际外交活动，推动多边和双边外交发展，引领世界和平、发展和治理潮流，吸引了世界关注的目光。

(2)中国主场外交贯穿着怎么样的外交关系理念?中国为世界发展提供了哪些智慧和方案?(6分)

中国通过中非合作论坛、上海合作组织会议、博鳌论坛、进博会等主张外交，传播了中国走和平发展道路，推动构建新型国际关系和“人类命运共同体”等重大理念主张。针对世界和平、发展、治理三大赤字，中国倡导建设“一带一路”，表明中国将进一步扩大对外开放，坚定不移维护多边贸易体制，坚定不移推动全球治理体系变革，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者，坚定不移推动构建人类命运共同体。

【考研真题作文范文】相关文章：