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考研英语真题阅读经济发展

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考研英语真题阅读经济发展

篇1：考研英语真题阅读经济发展

考研英语真题阅读经济发展

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.

Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.

31. By “Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.

32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation？

[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.

33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3, Paragraph 3)， the author is talking about

[A] gold market. [B] real estate. [C] stock exchange. [D] venture investment.

34. Why can many people see “silver linings”to the economic showdown?

[A] They would benefit in certain ways.

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.

35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] A new boom, on the horizon.

[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.

[C] Caution all right, panic not.

[D] The more ventures, the more chances.

名师解析

31. By“Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means

通过说“艾伦・斯拜罗还不至于咬手指”(第一段第一行)，作者的意思是

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business. 斯拜罗几乎无法维持自己的生意。

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work. 斯拜罗过分投入于自己的工作。

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit. 斯拜罗已经戒掉了坏习惯。.

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation. 斯拜罗没有到绝望的境地。

【答案】 D

【考点】词义和句意题。

【分析】此类题目一般会考超纲词汇、熟词僻义、特殊场合用法等，本题属于考熟词僻义。“biting one’s nails”是习语，但是绝大多数考生是不会知道的。这个时候就必须将其放在上下文中来考虑。文章第一句和第二句之间的转折词“but”是推断出这个句子意思的关键“……斯拜罗还不至于‘biting her nails’，但是(她的生意已经不如从前)这位四十七岁的指甲修饰师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。她的大多数顾客每周花费十二至五十美元，可上月两位长期客户突然不来了;她本人也不再去高档商场而去中档商场了。”由此可以推断出，第一句肯定是说她的境况还不至于糟糕到非常困难的地步。[B]、[C]肯定是可以排除的，而选项[A]“斯拜罗几乎无法维持自己的生意”则很具有迷惑性，可是如果考生把[A]带进原文读一遍就会发现这个选项和“but”无法连用，“斯拜罗几乎无法维持自己的生意，但是她的生意已经大不如从前”在逻辑上是讲不通的`，所以只能选择[D]，这样一来，这句话的意思就是“(虽然)斯拜罗还没有到绝望的境地，但是她的生意已经大不如从前了”，语义上完全可以接受。

32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

公众对目前的经济形势怎么看？

[A] Optimistic. 乐观的。

[B] Confused. 迷惑的。

[C] Carefree. 无忧无虑的。

[D] Panicked. 恐慌的。

【答案】 A

【考点】事实细节题。

【分析】本题属于事实细节题，考查公众对经济形势的看法。文章中关于公众的看法出现在第二段最后几句“不过，目前还不必敲什么警钟。消费者看起来只是适度关注，并没有恐慌。许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带，但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的。”由此可以判定正确答案是选项[A]。

33. When mentioning“the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 2―3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about

当提及“400万到1,000万美元之间”(第三段第二、三行)时，作者在谈论

[A] gold market. 黄金市场。

[B] real estate. 房地产。

[C] stock exchange. 证券交易所。

[D] venture investment 风险投资。

【答案】 B

【考点】词义和句意题。

【分析】引用别人的话来证明自己的观点叫引证，用例子来证明自己的观点叫例证。我们来看看作者引用这句话是为了证明什么“在大多数地区房屋价格保持稳定。经纪人巴巴拉・考克兰说，在曼哈顿‘出现了对400万至1,000万美元之间房子的淘金热(抢购)，资金来源以华尔街股票红利为主。’在旧金山，高价抢购现象虽然销声匿迹了，可价格依旧看涨。海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰・梯尔迪说：‘以前总是有20到30个卖主，而现在也许只有两三个。’”读懂这句话，就会明白，作者是在证明有人在投资房地产。选项[A]是出题人故意利用“gold rush”这个短语的字面意思来迷惑考生的，“gold rush”指淘金热，但是这里指的是“投资房产的狂热”。选项[C] 股票市场是利用考生可能会被华尔街误导而出的干扰项。至于选项[D]风险投资本章没有提及。

34. Why can many people see“silver linings”to the economic showdown?

为什么许多人能够在经济放缓中看到“银色的边”?

[A] They would benefit in certain ways. 他们可能以某些方式收益。.

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery. 股票市场显现了复苏的迹象。

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. 经济繁荣之前通常会有这样的滑坡。

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced. 购买力会增强。

【答案】 A

【考点】推断题。

【分析】文章并没有直接说“银色的边”是什么意思，但

篇2：考研阅读真题英语一

Two years ago. Rupert Murdoch's daughter, spoke at the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanism”in society should be profit and the market we the people who create the society we want, not profit.“

Driving her point home, she continued”It's increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with in government, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.“ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it would fore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wide dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.

In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.

In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.

36. Accordign to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.

(B) companies' financial loss due to immoral practices

(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence

(A) revealed a cunning personality.

(B) centered on trivial issues.

(D) was part of a conspiracy.

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

(A) generally distorted values.

(B) unfair wealth distribution.

(D) a rigid moral code.

40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.

(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.

(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

36. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

37. Bmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking

38. C was hardly convincing

39. A generally distorted values

40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper

篇3：考研阅读真题英语一

Text 4

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.

[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

[A] violated the Constitution.

[B] undermined the states’ interests.

[C] supported the federal statute.

[D] stood in favor of the states.

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

[A] outweighs that held by the states.

[B] is dependent on the states’ support.

[C] is established by federal statutes.

[D] rarely goes against state laws.

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

篇4：阅读理解真题考研英语

Text 3

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.

What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.

As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.

31.The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen as

[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’s wealth.

[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.

[C]an example of bankers’ investment.

[D]a handsome reward for researchers.

32.The phrase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2) most probably means

[A]the profit-oriented scientists.

[B]the founders of the new award.

[C]the achievement-based system.

[D]peer-review-led research.

33.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.

[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.

[C]legitimate concerns over the new prize.

[D]the demonstration of research findings.

34.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one feel

[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.

[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.

[C]They are the most representative honor.

[D]History has never cast doubt on them.

35.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

[A]acceptable despite the criticism.

[B]harmful to the culture of research.

[C]subject to undesirable changes.

[D]unworthy of public attention.

篇5：英语阅读理解考研真题

Text 2

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a ”do not track “(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:”we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

[A] ease competition among themselves

[B] lower their operational costs

[C] avoid complaints from consumers

[D] provide better online services

27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

[B] e-commerce conductors

[C] digital information analysis

[D] internet browser developers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[A] many cut the number of junk ads