考研英语阅读理解试题
“星辰”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇考研英语阅读理解试题，以下是小编帮大家整理后的考研英语阅读理解试题，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到您。
篇1：考研英语阅读理解试题
At 18， Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease，” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent)， she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source， in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992， she is completely healthy with normal immune function， according to one of the doctors who treated her， W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease，” Anderson says， “within 50 years.”
It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in ， and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse，” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.”
At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center， immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University， researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia， researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise.
But somehow， things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment， patients show a response at first， but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in ， when Jesse Gelsinger， an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder， died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer， researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already， officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping.” But the principle is the same， whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea，” says Crystal. “And eventually it's going to work.”
1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________.
[A] show the promise of gene-therapy
[B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases
[C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team
[D] explain how gene-based treatment works
2. Anderson‘s early success has ________________.
[A] greatly speeded the development of medicine
[B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy
[C] promised a cure to every disease
[D] made him a national hero
3. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.
[B] Despite the huge funding， gene researches have shown few promises.
[C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.
[D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.
4. The word “tarnish” (line 5， paragraph 4) most probably means ____________.
[A] affect
[B] warn
[C] trouble
[D] stain
5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________.
[A] optimistic
[B] pessimistic
[C] troubled
[D] uncertain
答案：A B C D A
1.考研英语阅读理解练习试题
2.考研英语阅读理解测试题
3.考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析
4.20考研英语阅读理解试题【附答案】
5.关于考研英语阅读理解如何拿高分
6.2017年考研英语阅读理解题
7.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
8.2017考研英语阅读理解解题思路
9.考研英语阅读理解如何快速找答案
10.考研英语阅读理解技巧全解
篇2：考研英语阅读理解备考试题
备考试题一：
I had two routine checkups last week， and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they're taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.
On each history， however， the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic， but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL， or bad cholesterol， my doctor should know that， because I'm probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer， my sister (if I had one) would want her physician to be especially vigilant.
While I know something about the history of my parents' health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease， and my mother died of lung cancer-there's plenty I don't know. What were my parents' cholesterol numbers and blood pressures? I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes， but I can't swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents， whose genes I also have， I'm even more in the dark.
That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona， the U.S. Surgeon General， only about a third of Americans have even tried to put together a family-health history. That's why he has launched the Family History Initiative and declared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you're supposed to be giving thanks for everything that's going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway， it's a perfect time to create a medical family tree.
And the Surgeon General is making it easy： if you go to hhs.gov/familyhistory， you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families， which ones you should be most and least worried about， and what to do if， like me， your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait， which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in a easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.
The website insists the software is “fun”， but that may be going a bit far. In any case， it's available only for Windows machines， so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It's worth it， though， since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.
注(1)：本文选自Time; 11/22/， p100;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象为真题Text 1;
1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by
[A] posing a contrast.
[B] justifying an assumption.
[C] explaining a phenomenon.
[D] making a comparison.
2. The statement “I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes， but I can't swear to that.” (Line 4， Paragraph 3) implies that
[A] only one of them suffered from diabetes.
[B] neither of them suffered from diabetes.
[C] both of them suffered from diabetes.
[D] it's uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not.
3. Family health report is very important because
[A] you can be careful about some disease and keep fit.
[B] you are connected with your parents and your grandparents.
[C] many diseases are genetic and should be noticed.
[D] you should be considerate and care about your parents.
4. Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that
[A] you should present your doctor with a medical history.
[B] you should print out your family's medical history.
[C] you should gather your family's medical history.
[D] you should give thanks for everything that is going right.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A] The software is fun enough.
[B] Family medical tree shouldn't be neglected.
[C] The software is not available anywhere.
[D] It is worthwhile to draw a family tree.
答案：C B A C B
备考试题二：
Depending on whom you ask， the experiment announced at a Texas medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women， a tragic failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning.
There's truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women， the 30-year-old patient produced eggs just fine， and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly， largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New York University， Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the patient's fertilized egg， scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment， development proceeded normally， and the woman became pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband's――pretty much like any normal baby.
What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones， starting with Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning， the ed nucleus comes from a single， usually adult， cell， and the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides， for reasons that aren't yet well understood， cloned animals often abort spontaneously or are born with defects; Dolly died very young， though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese woman's twins were born prematurely and died (the third triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two)， critics have suggested that cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.
Not likely， says Grifo. “The obstetric outcome was a disaster，” he admits， “but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had anything to do with the procedure.” Even so， concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such research in ――a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China， where it was subsequently banned (but only this month， long after Zhuang's patient became pregnant)。
The bottom line， say critics， is that perfecting a technique that could be used for human cloning， even if it were developed for another purpose， is just a bad idea――an assertion Zhuang rejects. “I agree that it makes sense to control these experiments，” he says. “But we've developed an effective technology to help people. We understand how to do it. We need it.”
注(1)：本文选自Time; 10/27/， p47;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象真题Text 4;
1. What is implied in the first paragraph?
[A]Some people regard it as a tragic failure.
[B]The new experiment means a breakthrough for some people.
[C]People have different reactions to the new experiment.
[D]The new experiment means a step further to the dangerous human cloning.
2. The author uses the case of Dolly and the Chinese pregnant woman to show that _________.
[A]both nuclear-transfer and cloning are dangerous for humans and animals
[B]both of them benefit from the new technique
[C]both of them are the examples of technical failure
[D]both of them are the fruits of the new technology
3. Zhuang‘s attitude toward the critics’ conclusion is one of __________.
[A]reserved consent
[B]strong disapproval
[C]slight contempt
[D]enthusiastic support
4. The only difference existing between nuclear-transfer and cloning technique is ________.
[A]whether it is used for research or for helping the infertile
[B]whether the offspring looks like the parent
[C]whether it is used in animals or human beings
[D]whether the ed nucleus comes from a single and usually adult cell
5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.
[A]research of cloning has potential risks
[B]the research of cloning should be stopped totally
[C]ethics and research of cloning are in contradiction
[D]researchers should have the right to continue the study of cloning
答案：CABDC
备考试题三：
A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighting compound may be used someday to prevent two other major killers of Americans： heart disease and stroke. That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers from Dr. Judah Folkman's laboratory at the Children's Hospital in Boston.
The versatile compound is endostatin， a human protein that inhibits angiogenesis， the growth of new blood vessels in the body. In tests reported in by Folkman， a prominent cancer researcher who pioneered the study of angiogenesis， the drug had reduced and even eradicated tumors in laboratory mice. How? By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors.
When news of Folkman's achievement became widely known last year， it led to wildly exaggerated predictions of imminent cancer cures. When other scientists were initially unable to duplicate those results， questions arose about the validity of Folkman's research. Then in February scientists at the National Cancer Institute， with guidance from Folkman， finally matched his results. Reassured， the N.C.I. gave the go-ahead for clinical trials of endostatin later this year on patients with advanced tumors.
How can a drug that is apparently effective against tumors also reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke? The answer lies in the composition of plaque， the fatty deposit that builds up in arteries and can eventually clog them. Plaque consists of a mix of cholesterol， white blood cells and smooth muscle cells， and as it accumulates， a network of capillaries sprouts from the artery walls to nourish the cells. Could endostatin halt the growth of capillaries and starve the plaque?
A Folkman lab team led by Dr. Karen Moulton decided to find out. The scientists put baby lab mice on a 16-week “Western diet” that was high in fat and cholesterol， then measured the plaque buildup on the walls of each aorta， the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Meanwhile， they injected one group of mice with endostatin， another with a different blood-vessel inhibitor called TNP-470 and a control group with an inert saline solution. Twenty weeks later the researchers again measured plaque in the mouse aortas. The results were startling： the endostatin group averaged 85% less plaque buildup and the TNP-470 group 70% less than those in the control group.
All too aware of the premature hopes raised last year after Folkman's tumor report， the researchers have been careful not to oversell the new results. “If this finding is supported in future studies，” says Moulton， “[it could open the way for] treatments that could delay the progression of heart disease and possibly reduce the incidence of heart attacks and strokes.” But any such treatments， she stresses， are probably five to 10 years away.
注(1)：本文选自Time; 04/19/99， p48;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象真题Text 1;
1. What did the report indicate?
[A]A very important drug is now at experimental stage.
[B]Heart disease and stroke are the most serious threats to Americans.
[C]The tumor drug can be used for the heart disease in the future.
[D]Many Americans suffer from heart disease and stroke.
2. Why did the N.C.I. agree to have clinical trials of endostatin on the patients?
[A]They were convinced of the Folkman's research.
[B]They can do such a research as well as Folkman.
[C]The patients with advanced tumors need the drug.
[D]The drug should be proved effective on humans.
3. The expression “stunting the growth of capillaries”(Line 8， Paragraph 2) most probably
means _______.
[A]help the growth of capillaries
[B]limit the growth of capillaries
[C]improve the growth of capillaries
[D]prevent the growth of capillaries
4. Why can the tumor drug be used for the heart?
[A]It can accumulate a network of capillaries and nourish the cells.
[B]It can stop the growth of capillaries and provide no nourishment for plaque.
[C]The curing method of tumor and heart disease is the same.
[D]The tumor and heart disease are made up of the same substance.
5. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A]Folkman's tumor report had been exaggerated.
[B]The tumor drug is not as effective as what has been expected.
[C]The new results of the research are far more encouraging.
[D]Researchers still have a long way to go to make another successful experiment.
答案：CADBC
备考试题四：
IF YOU'RE CONFUSED BY ALL the news about the health effects of eating fish， you're not alone. On one hand， the omega-3 fatty acids in fish are known to reduce the risk of heart disease， as the American Heart Association reminded us two weeks ago when it restated its recommendation that everybody eat at least two fish servings a week. On the other hand， fish that feed in contaminated waterways contain high levels of mercury， which can lead to cognitive problems in developing brains. That's why pregnant women and nursing mothers are advised to limit their consumption.
As if that weren't confusing enough， two new studies published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine investigated the possible effects of mercury on the heart， and they seem to have reached contradictory conclusions. One found no clear link between mercury levels and heart disease; the other found that men with high levels of mercury in their toenails were more likely to suffer a heart attack than those with low levels. What are we to make of this? The first thing to remember is that this is how science proceeds， by fits and starts and seemingly contradictory results that get resolved only by further study. The second is that not all fish are created equal.
Compared with all the other things you might eat， fish are an excellent source of protein. They tend to eat algae as part of their natural life cycle， converting it into omega-3 fatty acids that can improve your cholesterol profile. But it's also true that our waterways have become increasingly contaminated with all sorts of pollutants， including mercury， and that these pollutants tend to accumulate at different levels in different species. The fish most at risk are predators high in the pelagic food chain， such as swordfish and sharks (see chart)。
It was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails， where heavy metals tend to be deposited. In one study， researchers led by Dr. Eliseo Guallar at Johns Hopkins found that European and Israeli men with the highest mercury levels were nearly 2.2 times as likely to have a heart attack as those with the lowest levels. The other study， led by Dr. Walter Willett at the Harvard School of Public Health， looked at a selection of American men and found no connection between mercury exposure and risk of heart disease， although Willett told me a “weak association” cannot be ruled out.
For most of us， eating two servings of fish a week should not pose any problems. Guallar， who hails from coastal Spain， continues to flavor his paella with salmon， which has negligible mercury levels. Willett eats swordfish only about twice a month――because of its expense， not any fear of mercury. Fish-oil supplements are high in omega3 fatty acids and probably don't contain as much mercury as whole fish. But they don't taste nearly as good.
注(1)：本文选自Time; 12/9/， p99;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2005真题Text 1;
1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by
[A]making a comparison
[B]justifying an assumption
[C]posing a contrast
[D]explaining a phenomenon
2. The phrase “by fits and starts”(Line 6， Paragraph 2) most probably means _______.
[A]something happens smoothly
[B]something keeps starting and then stopping again
[C]something deserves a lot of effort
[D]something is troublesome
3. Clippings from toenails were chosen for the research most probably because _______.
[A]they are more likely to contain mercury
[B]they influence a person‘s heart
[C]they can be easily obtained
[D]they are connected with the heart
4. The views of Dr. Eliseo Guallar and Dr. Walter Willett are ______.
[A]identical
[B]similar
[C]opposite
[D]complementary
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]Fish is no threat to Man.
[B]Do not be frightened by some fish.
[C]Eat Fish-oil supplements instead of fish.
[D]Taste is more important than the safety of the food.
答案：CBACB
1.2018考研英语完型填空备考试题
2.2018考研英语阅读理解复习技巧
3.考研英语基础备考指南
4.2018考研英语复习计划及备考建议
5.2018考研英语完型填空备考题
6.2017考研英语阅读理解练习试题
7.考研英语阅读理解测试题
8.考研英语阅读理解试题
9.考研英语试题（阅读理解）
10.2018考研英语复习
篇3：考研英语阅读理解试题及答案
Specialization canbe seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis forfurther research. But specialization was only one of a series of relateddevelopments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was thegrowing professionalisation of scientific activity。
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the wordamateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integratedinto the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share itsvalues. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally mostobvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development ofgeology in the United Kingdom。
A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptableresearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentiethcentury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionalsonly if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateurreadership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,where the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, itsfull consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In sciencegenerally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucialperiod for this change in the structure of science。
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _________。
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
22. We can infer from the passage that _________。
[A]there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_________。
[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation
[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
24. The direct reason for specialization is _________。
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies
名师解析
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as_________.
19世纪专业化的发展在_______等科学领域容易看的更加清楚。
[A]sociology and chemistry 社会学和化学
[B]physics and psychology 物理学和心理学
[C]sociology and psychology 社会学和心理学
[D]physics and chemistry 物理学和化学
【答案】 D
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 根据题干定位到第二段第三、四句，文中提到专业化要求更长时间、更复杂的培训，给参与科学活动的业余人士带来了更大的问题。在特别是以数学和实验为基础的那些科学领域里，这一倾向自然表现得最为明显，英国地质学领域的发展充分地说明了这一点。在这四个选择项中，[A]、[B]、[C]都提到了文科学科，只有[D]选项中的物理学和化学均是以数学和实验作为基础的科学，因此可以推断[D]选项符合原文，是正确答案。
22. We can infer from the passage that _____. 从本文可以推断出______。
[A] there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalization
在专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别
[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas ofscience
业余人士在某些领域和专业人士可以竞争
[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体的
[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
业余人士看起来只有全国性的学术协会，但是没有地方性的学术协会
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 选项[A]中提到专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别，而实际上，它们指的是不同的领域和方向，specialization针对研究对象，professionalization针对研究者，因此可以排除。选项[C]说专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体这种说法也是不对的，因为专业化的发展使得业余人士受到排挤。[D]选项明显错误，因为文中提到既有全国性的学术协会，又有地方性的学术协会。第三段指出局部的研究只有在能被纳入并反映出更广泛研究框架的时候，才为专业人士所接受。这说明，某些方面的研究是为专业研究者所认可的，同时说明了业余研究与职业研究并存的状况。既然是并存的，就说明在某个地方是可以竞争的。因此选择[B]。
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______。
作者提到地质学发展是为了说明______。
[A] the process of specialization and professionalization
专业化和职业化的过程
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
业余人士在科学研究方面的艰辛
[C] the change of policies in scientific publications
科技出版政策的变化
[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
职业人士对业余人士的歧视
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者目的题。
【分析】 根据题干地质学发展定位到第二段末尾和第三段，第三段主要讲的是地质学的发展;以及第四段第一句虽然职业化和专业化过程早在19世纪已在英国的地质学领域展开，但直到20世纪我们才看到其全面影响，因此可以判断这里的正确答案是[A]。[B]选项认为是业余研究者在科学研究方面的艰辛。例子中虽然提到了专业化给业余研究者带来的不利影响. 但是从整体来看，那个不是重点，地质学的例子主要是为了说明专业化和职业化过程的形成及其影响。
24. The direct reason for specialization is _______. 造成专业化的直接原因是_______。
[A] the development in communication 交流的发展
[B] the growth of professionalization 职业化的发展
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge 科学知识的扩展
[D] the splitting up of academic societies 学术团体的分化
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 本题要求考生找出现象间的因果关系。全文开篇就指出，专业化过程可以被看做是对日益积累的科学知识的反应。这句话的含义实际上就是科学知识的积累促进了专业化。因此可以判定[C]是正确选项。[A]选项是不对的，因为根据其中的交流一词可以定位到第一段，文中提到专业化影响了交流过程，而不是反之。[B]不对，专业化是随着知识的进一步分类而产生的，是和职业化同时产生的，不是其成因。[D]为专业化的结果。
难句解析：
1. Nevertheless, the wordamateurdoes carry aconnotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into thescientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values。
【结构分析】本句的主句是the wordamateurdoes carry a connotation，后面有一个that引导的同位语从句，解释connotation，而这个同位语从句中有两个并列谓语。
2. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。
【结构分析】本句的主干是The trend was naturally most obvious and can beillustrated。主语是the trend，两个谓语部分为was obvious和can be illustrated。前一个部分中based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training是过去分词做后置定语修饰areas of science。
3. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced bythe widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury。
【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The overall result has been to do sth。。逗号后面只是一个名词性的短语，其关键词是a result，是前面句子主语的同位语，在其内部主要是一个that引导的定语从句，而定语从句中又有两个并列的状语first by..., and then by.。.。
4. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
【结构分析】这是一个并列句，由whereas连接两个分句，说明了两种情况，前一个分句的主干是A process of differentiation has led to professional geologists，而后面说theamateurs have tended either to remainor to come。
全文翻译：
专业化可被看作针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。通过将学科细分为各个小的单元，个人能够继续处理这些信息并将它们作为进一步研究的基础。但是专业化仅仅是一系列相关科学进步中影响交流过程的的一个。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
在科学领域内，职业人士与业余人士之间没有明确的区分：任何规律都有其例外。但是业余这个词的确具有一种含义，即相关的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，尤其是他可能并不完全认同他们的价值观。19世纪的专业化的发展，导致了对更长更复杂的训练的要求，意味着业余人员进入科学界会遇到更大的困难。特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。
对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物所进行的比较表明不但人们对研究首要性的重视程度在不断增加，而且对什么是可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就代表了一种有价值的研究;而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被职业人员接受，那么它就必须结合和思考一个更加广阔的地质面貌。另一方面，业余人员继续以传统方式从事局部的研究。结果，业余人员在职业化地质学杂志发表文章更加困难。审稿制度首先在19世纪的全国性杂志中实行，后来在20世纪一些地方性地质杂志中也开始实行，这使这个结果得到进一步加强。这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。类似的分化过程也导致职业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果一直拖到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从整个科学来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生该变化的关键阶段。
1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案
2.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析
3.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案
4.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案
5.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案
6.考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析
7.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案
8.考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析
9.20考研英语阅读理解试题【附答案】
10.考研英语一试题及答案
篇4：考研英语阅读理解试题附答案
Talk toany parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between schooland university when some students earn money, travel, etc.) and a misty lookwill come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the mostmotivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial,emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliantexperience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We allwish pre?university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how muchtougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university orto decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.
Gap yearsare fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charitiesand private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling inChile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. Therange of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities,building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a languageassistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Onceparents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would?be undergraduate?s progress to a better university,a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies? blurbs suggest it might be, thenparents will start organising―and paying for―the gaps.
Wherethere are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gapcompanies'? umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poorplanning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, butthe best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it isusually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been awayfrom home before or because expectation does not match reality.”
The pointof a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to dothe thing that he or she fancies. Kids don't mature if mum and dad decide howthey are going to mature. If the 18-year-old's way of maturing is to slob outon Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working withfishermen in Cornwall, then that?s what will be productive for that person. The consensus, however, isthat some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be thestudent.
The18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks'notice to Canada tolearn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back withlittle more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked forhis fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealandto Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positivecounterbalance. [502 words]
16. Itcan be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may____.
[A] help children to be prepared fordisasters
[B] receive all kinds of support fromtheir children
[C] have rich experience in bringingup their offspring
[D] experience watching children growup
17.According to the text, which of the following is true?
[A] The popularity of gap yearsresults from an increasing number of charities.
[B] Prince William was working hardduring his gap year.
[C] Gap years are not as fashionableas they were ten years ago.
[D] A well-structured gap year is aguarantee of university success.
18. Theword “packages” (Line 3, Para. 2) means________.
[A] parcels carried intraveling [B] a comprehensive set of activities
[C] something presented in aparticular way [D] charity actions
19. Whatcan cause the disasters of gap years?
[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Irresponsibility of thecompanies.
[C] A lack of insurance. [D] Low expectation.
20. An18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she.________
[A] lives up to his/herparents'expectations
[B] spends time being lazy and doingnothing
[C] learns skills by spendingparents'money
[D] earns his or her living and gainsworking experience
核心词汇
at two weeks?notice 提前两周通知;at short(a moment?s) notice随时，提前很短时间通知例：We are ready to start at short notice.我们已准备好，接到通知就可以出发。
back?up n./ a. *①支援(者)，支持(者)②备用品例：a backup plan/system/pilot备用计划/备用系统/候补飞行员
back up ①支持(某人)，证实(某说法)②备份，复制(磁盘)③向后移动
counterbalance n./v.平衡，抗衡;平衡抵消物; counter?前缀，表示“相反的，相对的”如 counter?attack v. 回击，counterpart n. 地位、职务等相当的人，对等物
look up ①抬头看②尊敬，仰望例：look up to sb. as one?s teacher把某人尊为老师 *③(形势等)好转例：Things are looking up now.情况正在好转。④(在字典、参考书等中)查寻例：look up a word in a dictionary在字典中查一个词
package n. ①包，盒，袋 *② a set of related things orservices sold or offered together(必须整体接受的)一套，一揽子例：a benefits package 一套福利措施 / an aid package 综合援助计划 / package deal 一揽子交易
pick up ①拾起，拿起例： pick up the phone拿起话筒②(偶然、无意地)获得(收益、知识、消息等) pick up a tip from my mother 从妈妈那学到一个窍门③接收(讯号)，收听(广播等)例：pick up the BBC World Service 接收英国广播公司国际广播节目 *④(情况等)好转，改进例：Trade is picking up nicely.生意很有起色。
structure n. ①结构，构造，体系 *② a situation in which everythingis carefully organized and planned组织性，条理性例： Kids need some sort of structureto their day. 儿童的日常生活需要有点条理性。vt. 构造;组织;安排例：You need to structure yourarguments more carefully.你需要更仔细地组织好自己的论据。/ well structured精心组织的，安排周密的
umbrella organization an organization that includes many smaller groups伞状机构、组织
超纲词汇
a gap year (中学和大学之间)学业间断的一年，间断年
backpack v.背包旅行例：go backpacking n.背包
blurb n. ①(印在书籍封套上的)简介 *②夸大的广告或介绍词
hangover n. 遗留的感觉(或风俗、习惯等)(常后跟介词from)例：the insecure feeling that was ahangover from her childhood 她儿时留下的不安全感
slob n. 懒惰而邋遢的人 *vi. slob out/around游手好闲，无所事事
toil n.辛苦，劳累;苦活，难事例：some books are a toil to read.有些书读起来真费劲。 v.苦干，辛苦从事(于……)例：toil at/on one?s task辛苦工作
vicarious a. ①代理的，代表的;代理人的例：vicarious authority代理的职权 *②(想象别人的苦乐等而)产生同感或共鸣的例：He got a vicarious thrill out ofwatching his son score the winning goal.他看到儿子射入致胜一球时，也同样感到欣喜若狂。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及青少年教育。作者介绍了现在十分时兴的“学业间断年”现象，先分析它存在的问题，然后提出实现一个有意义的学业间断年的方法。这是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“提出现象―解释现象―提出建议”的脉络展开论述，可以分成三大部分。
第一段为第一部分，提出现象，引入话题。
以父母为切入点，间接提出一种现象：学业间断年。一方面，由于学业间断年存在着危机，家庭需要给予孩子各方面的支持。另一方面，父母从孩子身上感受到了一种新的生活方式(vicarious living)，他们看到孩子们①变得更坚强(become tougher);②为大学生活作了更充分的准备(more prepared to benefit fromuniversity);③打算做除了获得学历之外的事情(do something other than a degree)。
第二、三段为第二部分，解释现象，分析学业间断年现象的现状及存在的问题。
第二段：内容上分成了两个部分。第一部分指出学业间断年现在很流行，其表现是：组织团体和公司增多。其原因是：①威廉王子的宣传效应;②经过十年的发展声势逐渐强大。第二部分从with this trend, however... 开始，指出学业间断年的潜在问题之一：父母干预孩子的成长。其具体表现为：父母组织并资助间断年期间的活动(start organizing and paying forthe gaps)。其原因是：受公司宣传的影响，以为这个阶段对孩子未来的学业和就业都非常重要。
第三段：延续第二段后面部分的内容，引用专家(Richard Oliver)的观点，指出学业间断年存在的第二大问题：缺乏周密的计划(poor planning)。其表现是：健康问题、从未离开过家、期望与现实不符。解决方法：做好审慎的准备(thoughtful preparation)。
第四、五段为第三部分，提出建议，即让年轻人自己来组织和安排学业间断年。
第四段：首先提出要让学业间断年具有意义，就应该让年轻人独立地做自己喜欢做的事情(the school leaver gets to do the thing thathe or she fancies)。接着从反面论证父母的安排不利于孩子真正成熟，该部分举了两个例子说明。最后再次重申，行动的安排者应该是学生自己。
第五段列举了两个例子，比较度过学业间断年的两种不同方式――由父母安排或者自己独立安排，从而支持了第四段的观点。
试题命制分析
针对上文的分析，我们可以命制以下几种题型，从而考查考生的多种阅读技能。
1. 事实细节题
(1) 针对第一段可以考查父母在学业间断年的收获，参见考试题16;也可以间接考查孩子们在学业间断年的收获，如：以下哪项是经历学业间断年的学生产生的变化?[A]更成熟、更坚强;[B]就业目的更明确;[C]更轻松地完成大学学业;[D]与父母之间关系更融洽。(答案：[A])
(2) 可以考查学业间断年一般从事的活动，如，以下哪项不是学业间断年做的事情?[A]修建学校;[B]远途旅行;[C]教学工作;[D]慈善捐款。(答案：[D])
(3) 针对第二段“学业间断年时兴的原因”和“父母主动安排学业间断年的原因”考查因果细节。另外，由于第二段涉及细节较多，也可以综合考查，参见试题17。
(4) 综合第二段和第三段，可以综合考查学业间断年出现的问题，参见试题19。
2. 推理引申题
(1) 根据第一段倒数第二句We all wish... ，可以考查推理家长们看待学业间断年的态度。如：[A]积极支持;[B]坚决反对;[C]不明确;[D]既不支持也不反对。(答案：[A])
(2) 针对第二段有关威廉王子的例子，可以考查推理作者的写作意图。
(3) 针对最后一段的两个例子，可以考查推理作者举例的目的，也可以考查推理作者认为实现有意义的学业间断年的方法。参见试题20。
3. 语言知识题。
(1) 考查第一段超纲词vicarious在上下文中的含义。
(2) 考查第二段packages一词的熟词僻义。参见试题18。
试题精解
16.从第一段可推知经历学业间断年的学生的父母可能――。
[A]帮助孩子准备迎接灾难
[B]从孩子那里得到各种支持
[C]在抚养孩子方面有丰富的经验
[D]经历了看着孩子成长的过程
[精解]答案D本题考查推理引申。第一段论述了经历学业间断年的孩子的父母的感受，包括两个方面：一是由于这个时期的学生需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助，因此父母可能有帮助孩子成熟起来的美好经历;二是父母间接的感受，即看着孩子们变得更坚强，自己做决定，从而成长。由此可知，[D]项是父母可能经历的。[A]项中出现了原文中的disaster，但含义不同。第一段第二句中disasters指的是“困难，危机”，是下文提到的“孩子需要家庭给予帮助”造成的。[B]项与第一段第二句含义相反。第三句提到，父母有帮助孩子成熟起来的美好经历，而非[C]项中的rich experience(经验丰富)。
17.根据文章，下面哪个说法正确?
[A]学业间断年的普及是因为慈善机构数目的增长造成的。
[B]威廉王子在他的学业间断年期间努力工作。
[C]现在学业间断年不像十年前那样普及了。
[D]一个精心安排的学业间断年是大学成功的保证。
[精解]答案B本题考查事实细节。第二段首句提到，学业间断年现在很时兴，反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长。[A]项错在将表现归为原因。第二句提到，威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情(对间断年的流行)发挥了作用。由此可推出[B]项正确。第三句提到，(间断年普及的)趋势十年来一直在加强。因此排除[C]项。第二段后半部分谈到“学业间断年的时兴”带来的隐患，即一些父母相信公司的介绍，认为精心安排的间断年对于孩子未来的求学、就业都很重要。因此[D]项是一些公司的宣传及部分家长的错误看法。
18.第二段第三行的单词packages的含义是――。
[A]旅行中带的包裹
[B]一套综合的活动
[C]用特殊方式呈现出来的东西
[D]慈善行动
[精解]答案B本题考查词义。词义的确定依赖上下文。上文中gap一词多次出现，指“学业间断”，下文提到一系列活动，即背包旅行、和慈善团体一起工作、修建医院和学校、做语言助教教英语。因此gap packages指学业间断期间学生从事的多种活动。[D]项没有包括所有的活动，应选[B]项。
19.什么可能造成学业间断年出现问题?
[A]父母的干预。[B]公司的不负责任。
[C]没有保险。[D]期望过低。
[精解]答案A第二段后半部分论述了随着学业间断年的普及而带来的一个隐患，即父母以为好的间断年可以决定孩子未来的的求学和就业，因此会主动安排孩子的间断年，甚至出钱。显然，这么做妨碍了孩子独立的成长。[A]项是造成问题的原因。第三段提到另外一个问题是计划不周，其表现有：健康问题(medical)、从未离开过家、期望与现实不符。[B]和[C]出现了原文中的词语company和insurance，但其含义与原文已有很大出入;文中只提到“期望与现实不符”，[D]中“过低”一词无从推知。
20.18岁的年轻人被认为度过了有意义的学业间断年，当他/她――。
[A]达到父母的期望
[B]无所事事
[C]通过花父母的钱学会技能
[D]自己谋生并获得工作经验
[精解]答案D本题考查推理引申。第四段首句提到，学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。第四段后面部分进一步进行阐述。由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，并不能使孩子真正成熟。无所事事的行为也没有收获。行动的安排者应是学生自己。第五段举了两个截然不同的例子，前者遵照父母的安排，后者自食其力。因此，[D]项符合题意。
全文翻译
与度过了充满刺激的学业间断年的孩子的父母交谈，他们的眼神中会有一种含糊不清的东西。这一年中有一些危机，即使是目的明确、很有条理的学生，在间断年期间也需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助。父母眼中的含糊不仅仅是因为让他们的孩子成熟起来的美好经历，也是因为他们自己间接感受到的生活方式。我们多希望大学前的间断年在我们那个时代就已经很时兴了。现在，我们能看着孩子们变得更坚强，更好地准备从上大学中有所收获或者积极地决定他们将做一些除了获得学历之外的事情。
学业间断年现在很时兴，这反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长上。威廉王子在智利吃苦的照片发挥了作用，但这种趋势十年来一直在加强。学业间断年期间的一整套活动从背包旅行开始，包括和慈善团体一起工作，修建医院和学校，以及常见的做语言助教教英语。然而，随着这种趋势而来的也有危险。一旦父母相信那些学业间断年公司介绍的内容，认为精心安排的一个间断年对于想成为本科生的孩子进入更好的大学、获得高学历、得到令人印象深刻的简历和待遇良好的工作是至关重要的，那么他们就会开始组织并资助间断年期间的活动。
按照学业间断年公司综合机构“走出学业间断年团体”的负责人理查德奥利弗埃的观点，出现问题往往是因为计划不周。他说，“这可能是公司或学生的责任，但是最保险的方法是作好审慎的准备。当人们把它搞砸时，往往是因为健康问题，尤其是女孩，因为她们从未离开过家，或者期望与现实不符”。
学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。如果由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，那么他们不会真地变成熟。如果18岁时变成熟的方式是在伦敦汉普斯泰德石南园中无所事事地晒太阳，或者花上一年时间和康沃尔郡的渔夫一起工作，那么对于后者来说将是有所收获的。然而，多数人还是认为进行某种安排是有利的，而且行动的安排者应是学生自己。
如果18岁的年轻人两周前得到父母的通知，被送去加拿大花5,800英镑学习成为一名滑雪教练，回来后可能只会留下很少的感觉。同样的18岁的年轻人，先通过工作赚钱，再用一年中剩下的时间在从新西兰到瑞士的多个避暑胜地执教，回来后申请大学，这样的经历则是完全不同的积极的做法。
篇5：考研英语阅读理解真题试题
Could the bad olddays of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cutsin March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up fromless than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scarymemories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning ofgloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term。
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, soeven quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pumpprices than in the past。
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, andso less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift toother fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobiletelephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar ofGDP rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil pricesaveraged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in , this wouldincrease the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. Thatis less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand,oil-importing emerging economiesto which heavy industry has shiftedhave become moreenergy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed。
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. TheEconomist s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%， and in 1979 byalmost 30%。
31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is
[A]global inflation.
[B]reduction in supply。
[C]fast growth in economy.
[D]Iraq s suspension of exports。
32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price ofpetrol will go up dramatically if
[A]price of crude rises.
[B]commodity prices rise。
[C]consumption rises.
[D]oil taxes rise。
33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
[A]heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。
[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。
[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。
[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。
34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that
[A]oil-price shocks are less shocking now。
[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks。
[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices。
[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry。
35. From the text we can see that the writer seems
[A]optimistic.
[B]sensitive.
[C]gloomy.
[D]scared。
名师解析
31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is 最近的油价上涨的主要原因是
[A]global inflation. 全球通货膨胀。
[B]reduction in supply。供应量减少。
[C]fast growth in economy. 快速的经济增长。
[D]Iraq s suspension of exports. 伊拉克暂时停止石油出口。
【答案】 B
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 根据题干可以定位到第一段的第二句话Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oilhas jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December。，说明由于石油输出国决定降低供给量，使得油价上升。所以本题的答案是[B]。[D]不是该现象的主要原因，因为OPEC的相关决定才是能够影响石油价格的走势的主要原因。
32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price ofpetrol will go up dramatically if
从文中可以推断出，如果________，汽油的零售价格将会剧烈上升。
[A]price of crude rises. 原油价格上升。
[B]commodity prices rise. 日用品价格上升。
[C]consumption rises. 消费上升。
[D]oil taxes rise. 油税上升。
【答案】 D
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 根据题干可以定位到第三段的第三句话In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price，so evenquite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past。.意思是说在欧洲，税占汽油的零售价的五分之四，因此相比以往，原油的价格变化对汽油的影响不会很明显。也就是说税的增加会导致汽油价格的猛涨，而原油价格的变化带来的影响不会很大。本题一个理解的难度是muted effect，另外一个是pump price。mute表示哑巴的，无声的，沉默的，和effect连用，表示影响不明显而pump price是一个很形象的说法，pump指的是泵，这里很形象用pump指代汽油。根据上述分析，可以得出答案是[D]。
33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
《经济展望》的评估表明在富国
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。
重工业变得更加能源密集型。
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。
收入损失主要由于波动的原油价格造成。
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。
制造业面临严重影响。
[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。
油价变化对国民生产总值没有大的影响。
【答案】 D
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 根据本题的关键词《经济展望》的估计可以定位到The OECD estimates in its latest Economic outlook that, if oilprices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, thiswould increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP。。也就是说，油价的上涨对GDP 的影响很小，只有0.25%0.5%。因此我们可以得出答案[D]。
34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that 从文中我们可以得出的结论是
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now. 油价冲击已经不再那么骇人听闻。
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. 通货膨胀看起来和油价冲击无关。
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. 能源储备能够使油价下降。
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavyindustry。
原油价格的上升导致重工业的萎缩。
【答案】 A
【考点】 文章主旨题。
【分析】 本题的几个选项需要通篇理解。文章第三段指出油价的经济影响不会那么严重，作者指出其原因是原油价格占汽油价格的比例不高，发达国家对石油的依赖减弱，此次涨价的背景不一样了。文章最后一段说这次油价上涨与20世纪70年代的上涨不同，对各国的影响也基本没有反映出来，连物价基本都没有变动，也就是说，油价冲击已经不是那么可怕。所以答案是[A]。
35. From the text we can see that the writer seems 从本文中我们可以看出作者看上去是
[A] optimistic. 乐观的。 [B] sensitive。敏感的。
[C] gloomy. 沮丧的。 [D] scared。恐惧的。
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者态度题。
【分析】 本文作者主要讲的就是这次油价上涨的影响不大。尤其是第三段和最后一段的第一句话，强调人们不必担心此次油价上涨，因为这一次的情况与20世纪70年代不同。由此可见作者的态度是乐观的。
难句解析：
1. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter gripsthe northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short time。
【结构分析】本句的主语是Strengthening economic growth，谓语是could push，插入成分是一个时间状语，其中有一个as引导的定语从句，修饰time。
2. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oilprices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, thiswould increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP。
【结构分析】本句的主句是The OECD estimates... that，if引导一个条件状语，comparedwith $13 in 1998是过去分词短语做比较状语，主句是this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25-0.5% of GDP，其中的主语this指代的是if条件句。
3.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand。
【结构分析】本句的主干是One more reason is that.。.。在that引导的表语从句中，它的主语是it，指代的是the rise in oil prices。
全文翻译：
过去经济衰落的糟糕日子会不会重来?自从石油输出国组织在3月同意减少原油供应，原油的价格已经从去年12月的不到10美元一桶上升到约26美元一桶。这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年的恐慌，当时油价上涨了4倍;以及1979D1980年的那一次，当时的油价也上涨了近3倍。前两次的石油恐慌都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退。那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢?
本周伊拉克暂停石油出口，这又一次推动着油价上扬。强劲的经济增长势头，加上北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。
然而，我们有充分的理由预期这次油价暴涨带来的经济影响不会像70年代那么严重。现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额比70年代要小很多。在欧洲，税占了汽油零售价的4/5，因此，即使原油价格发生很大的波动，汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著。
发达国家对石油的依赖也比从前要少得多，因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感。能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低，都减少了石油消耗。软件、咨询及移动通讯消耗的石油，比钢铁、汽车行业少得多。发达国家国民生产总值中每一个美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。国际经合组织在其最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果全年油价均价22美元左右，与的13美元一桶相比，这仅仅会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%D0.5%。这还不到1974年或1980年收入损失部分的1/4。另一方面，由于重工业转移至一些新兴石油进口国，它们对能源可能更加敏感，也更可能会受到强烈影响。
另外一个不应因油价上升而失眠的原因是，与70年代的上涨不同，这次油价上升的大背景不是普遍的物价暴涨及全球过旺的需求。世界上很多地区才刚刚走出经济衰落。《经济学家》的商品价格指数一年来总的来说没有什么变化。1973年的商品价格跃升了70%，而1979年也上升了近30%。
1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及解析
2.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案
3.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析
4.考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
5.2017考研英语阅读理解练习试题
6.考研英语试题（阅读理解）
7.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案
8.考研英语阅读理解测试题
9.考研英语阅读理解B型试题
10.考研英语阅读理解试题
篇6：考研英语阅读理解Part A试题解题技巧
考研英语阅读理解Part A试题解题技巧
考研英语阅读理解Part A试题解题技巧:阅读理解Part A试题在考查内容上大致可分为五种类型：主旨大意题;事实细节题;词汇短语题;观点态度题和;推理判断题。
考研英语阅读理解是本阶段复习的重中之重，能读懂文章并掌握一定的解题技巧是提高阅读分值的关键因数。下面分别就阅读理解Part A试题主旨大意题、事实细节题、词汇短语题、观点态度题和推理判断题主义评述命题特点和解题思路。
文章应该怎么样去读?
阅读文章基本方法有3种，一是略读，二是精读，三是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解整个段落的意思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。考试中3种基本方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读，我们可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息，利用精读我们可以针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。
在做阅读的过程中，并不是每一个单词你都会认识，但是可以根据前后文主要内容以及文章的组织结构进行推测。在平时的阅读训练中，建议考生注意文章的组织结构。
阅读理解解题技巧
阅读理解Part A试题在考查内容上大致可分为五种类型：主旨大意题;事实细节题;词汇短语题;观点态度题和;推理判断题。
下面我们来分别评述各类题型的命题特点与解题思路。
一、主旨大意题
(一)主旨大意题的命题规律
1.从考查的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：
(1)。篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。
(2)。段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。
主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, main topic, mainly discuss, mainlyexplain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。
(二)主旨大意题的常考点
1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。
2.语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。
3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。
(三)主旨大意题的解题技巧
这类题型主要测试考生对文章某一段或全篇大意的把握。做这类题时，首先要找到主题句。但考研中很少直接考主题句，主题句的作用在于帮助我们正确理解文章，然后经过分析、推理得出正确答案：
1.时间紧迫的情况下，只读首尾段，答案很可能就在这些段落中。
2.注意文中出现频率高的单词。 这些关键词在文中多次出现，常常是表达主题的主要措辞。
3.从选项内容判断答案。一般来说，那些概括全文，含义深刻，说明道理的选项是答案。
(四)主旨大意题干扰项与正确选项的特点
1.干扰项特点：
(1)局部信息：涉及文章的某一细节，犯了以偏概全的错误。
(2)涉及某一自然段的大意，而非整篇文章的中心思想，犯了归纳不够的错误。
(3)选项概括范围太宽，其内容超出文章阐述的部分，犯了归纳过头的错误。这类干扰项常常在提问文章标题的题目中出现。
(4)与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。
2.正确选项的特点：
(1)含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案。一般来说，句子中含有approach，concept，chance，opportunity，various，both，general，many，difficult(y)，way， necessary，necessity，importance等词的是正确答案。
(2)这类题的答案往往在内容相近的选项中。
(3)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
二、观点态度题
每一篇文章都肯定包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现，有的则需要通读全文，把握主旨才能领会。此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(表明作者对某事物的观点)。
(一)命题模式
1.作者观点题
(1)According to the author,---
(2)In the author’s opinion,---
2.作者态度题
(1)What is the tone (mood) of the passage?
(2)The author’s attitude towards…might be summarized as (seems to be)---
(二)解题技巧
1.不要把自己的态度揉入其中，还要区分作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度
2.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者的语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度，如，wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
3.作者的态度一般与文章主旨有很大关系
4.近年的考试题出现了新变化：第一，提问不再局限于作者的`态度，发展到文中某人对某事的态度;第二，不再是明确的否定或是肯定词，strong/complete/entire/enthusiastic;而带有程度限制的词比较客观，常常是正确选项，如reserved(保留的);qualified(有条件的，有限制的)tempered(有所控制的);guarded(慎重的)/ approving(赞同的)
5.某一事是好是坏，作者对它是支持是反对，态度一般都很明确，而带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。问作者态度时，表示“客观”的词多为正确选项，如objective, impartial, unbiased 等;问作者对文中提到的人物或他们的观点态度时，答案多是肯定或否定，支持或反对。如，critical, approval, opposed, supporting 等。还有一点，既然作者写了文章，他的态度就不可能是漠不关心的，因此见到indifferent, uninterested 可以首先排除。 三、词汇短语题
这是考研英语阅读理解中常出现的题目。它主要考察考生通过上下文判断词义、句义的能力。其中词义题又可以分为两类，即对超纲词语含义的推断和对熟悉词语的生僻含义的推断或是词语在特定场合的含义。
(一)词义句义命题模式主要有：
1.The phrase (word, sentence) “…”(in line…)most probably means---
2.By “…”， the writer (probably) means---
(二)解题技巧
1.根据上下文猜词必须明确两点：不管这个词有多么超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意义;不管这个词多么熟悉，都要通过上下文得出它在特定场合下的意思，要避免直接用自己熟悉的意义去解释词义。
2.猜测生僻词的词义：我们可以用以下几种方法去猜测其含义。
(1)反用构词法，即根据词根、前缀后缀的意义推测词的含义。如passage1中homogenizing (homo-相同;-gene- 生长，产生;-ize动词后缀，使成为，变成)。
(2)词性加搭配：先判断生词在文章中的词性，再看它与哪些词语可以搭配，最后根据自己的常识猜测词语含义。
(3)找同义词、同义解释;找反义词、反义解释：在上下文中找出生词的其他表达法，可能是一个近(反)义词、一个解释或一些暗示。
(4)找同位词：上下文中可能有与生词出现的句子类似的平行结构，找出和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
四、事实细节题
在阅读理解测试中，很大比例的题目是考细节的。在对历年试题的分析中发现，事实细节题的比例占一半以上。文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题
篇7：考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析
Between5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago the Earth was formed. By 3,000million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria?like creatures to prove it. (21) ――――. Nobody knows what happened, buttheorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self?replicating entities, i.e.something equivalent to “genes” in the general sense.
Theatmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today onother planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructedthese ancientconditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in aflask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge (simulatedlightning), organic substances are spontaneously synthesized. These include thebuilding blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like thishappened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a “soup” of prebiological organiccompounds. (22)――――.
Today themost famous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widelythought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life becauseits replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, whichcould not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has beendescribed as a “high?tech” molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself.Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles inliving cells, was the original self?replicating molecule. Or perhapsthe primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether. (23) ――――. Variants that were particularlygood at replication would automatically have come to predominate in theprimeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately,would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever?increasing efficiency amongreplicating molecules.
As thecompetition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone tothe ones that happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self?preservation and their own rapidreplication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of thenatural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of theircapacity to build for themselves efficient devices (cells and multicellularbodies) for their own preservation and reproduction. (24)――――.
Fossilswere not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may date back 530 million years,according to fossil evidence―primitive, jawless fishes with fins, gills, and fish?like muscle patterns―found in China in .Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million yearsago. (25)――――. Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches ofreptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types thatwe see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems tohave been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of thedinosaurs, 65 million years ago.
\[A\]Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish about 250 millionyears ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by variouskinds of animals that we loosely lump together as “reptiles”.
\[B\] Onceself?replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwiniannatural selection could have begun: variation would have come into thepopulation because of random errors in copying.
\[C\] Itis not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup.The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self?replicating molecules, moleculescapable of copying themselves.
\[D\]Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind―the vertebrates, the mammals, andthe primates―these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life.
\[E\]Whenthe environment changes, or when organisms move to a different environment,different variations are selected, leading eventually to different species.Harmful mutations usually die out quickly, so they don?t interfere with the process ofbeneficial mutations accumulating.
\[F\]Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been longenough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as thevertebrate body and the insect body.
\[G\]Sometime between these two dates―independent molecular evidence suggests about 4,000 million years ago―that mysterious event, the originof life, must have occurred.[748 words]
核心词汇
by/in virtue of 凭借(某种手段);由于，因为例：He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth/of being so young.他因年幼而获得免费. / She became a British citizenby virtue of her marriage.她借助婚姻成了英国公民。
extinction n.[U] *①(物种)灭绝，绝种例：be threatened with extinction濒临灭绝②(信仰、生活方式等)遭毁灭，消失，消亡
hiton/upon ①(经长时间考虑后)突然想出(好主意)例：In this way we hit upon over 20useful methods of work.就这样我们想出了20多种有用的工作方法。 *②偶然发现(某物)例： At last she hit upon a room thatsuited them nicely.最后她找到了一间适合他们使用的房间。
in morethoroughgoing fashion以更彻底的方式;in a... fashion以……方式例：Leave thebuilding in an orderly fashion.要有秩序地走出楼去。
interferewith *①妨碍，打扰例：Don?t allow pleasure to interfere withduty.不要让娱乐妨碍了职责。②干扰(广播或电视播送)
lay down ①放下(武器等)例：The general told the troops to laydown their arms.将军命令部队放下武器。②[常用被动态](正式地或坚决地)阐述，声明，规定例：It is laid down that allapplicants must sit a written exam.根据规定, 申请者一律需经笔试。③开始建造;开始做(奠基性的工作)例：Crick and Watson laid down thefoundations of modern genetic research.克里克和沃森为现代遗传学研究奠定了基础。 *④ (化石、地层等的)沉积形成
超纲词汇
anteater n.食蚁兽, 食蚁动物
contrivance n. *①发明，发明物，发明的才能②计谋，诡计
DNA 脱氧核糖核酸，deoxyribonucleic acid的缩写，指细胞核内携带基因信息的物质，具有双螺旋结构
gill n. *①鱼鳃②(蘑菇或其他菌类的)菌褶
lobe n. *①(生物身体上的)肉垂，圆形的突出物②(=earlobe)耳垂③(尤指脑、肺等的)叶
mutation n.(动物、植物的)突变，变异
opossum n. 尾有卷握力的小有袋动物，负鼠
primeval a. *①太古的，太初的(地球或宇宙存在的最早期)②原始的，远古的例：a primeval forest一片原始森林
primordial a. *①太古的，太初的，自原始时代的例：primordial soup原生浆液(地球上生命开始之前存在的物质、气体等混合物)②形式最简单的，基本的例：primordial passions最基本的情感
RNA 核糖核酸，ribonucleic acid的缩写，指存在于生物细胞以及部分病毒、类病毒中的遗传信息载体，将DNA携带的遗传信息转移至蛋白质中，并参与其他细胞内的化学反应
self?replicating a. 自我复制的
synthesized a. ①组合的，综合的 *②人工合成的
vertebrate n. 脊椎动物
长难句分析
Today the mostfamous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widelythought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of lifebecause its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery,which could not have been available before evolution itself began.
该句是一个由but连接的并列句。前一个分句较简单，主干为The most famous self?replicating molecule is DNA... 。后一个分句结构复杂，嵌套了多层从句，其主干是it is widely thought that...;it为形式主语，真主语是that引导的从句;because引导了一个较长的原因状语从句，其中又嵌套了which...非限定性定语从句做 machinery 的后置定语;from... 介词短语后置修饰support。
语篇分析
本文的选材领域是生命科学。作者介绍了自我复制分子在生命起源与动物进化中的重要作用。它是一篇事理说明文，大体按照时间顺序展开介绍。全文总计五段，可分成三大部分。
全文的写作顺序：第一至三段主要围绕生命起源的关键：自我复制分子展开介绍;第四段是过渡段，指出从自我复制分子到复杂生物体的出现，自然选择发挥了关键作用。第五段围绕脊椎动物的进化过程展开介绍。因此作者大体按照时间先后顺序安排全文内容。
一、第一至三段为第一部分，介绍生命起源的关键是自我复制分子的出现。
第一段内容概括：前三句利用时间线索从地球的形成(the Earth was formed)和生命的兴起(life had arisen)，引出生命的起源(the origin of life)这一话题。第三句([G])起承上启下的作用，其中these two dates回指上文提到的两个时间;the origin of life与下文末句中的“关键是自我复制实体即基因的出现(the key was the spontaneousarising of self?replicating entities)”在内容上相呼应。末句提出了全文论述的对象――自我复制实体。
连贯性：前三句句首的时间状语(分别为between 5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago, by 3,000 million yearsago, some time between these two dates)相互呼应，是段内句子间连贯性的明显体现。
第二段内容概括：通过介绍生命起源的模拟实验，说明自我复制分子出现的条件。该段内容分为两个部分。第一部分是前四句，围绕“生命起源实验”展开论述。首句指出了进行实验的条件：原始地球大气中的气体现在仍然存在(the atmosphere of the early Earthcontained gases still abundant today)。二至四句具体介绍化学家模拟原始大气状况进行生命起源的实验(reconstructed these ancientconditions in the laboratory)，包括实验的材料(gases, water, energy)和结果(organic substances are synthesized)。第二部分是后四句，介绍自我复制分子的出现。第五、六句推理原始地球上出现了模拟实验中发生的情况(something like this happened onthe early Earth)：原始海洋成为生命起源以前有机化合物汇集的地方(a “soup” of prebiological organiccompounds)。第七、八句([C])转折指出，但更重要的不是有机分子的产生，而是自我复制分子的出现(the origin of self?replicating molecules)。末句中的self?replicating molecules与第一段末句中的self?replicating entities是同一主题词的复现，达到语篇上下衔接。
连贯性：①同义复现关系和代词的使用是段内连贯性的体现。同义词复现：early与ancient;organic substances、organic compounds和organic molecules;a soup of... 与the primeval soup。第四句中these指代上文提到的organic substances。②本段末句中the crucial step、self?replicating molecules分别与第一段末句中的the key和self?replicating entities是同义复现关系。跨越不同段落的同义复现关系是段落间连贯性的体现。③表假设的if是句内连贯性的体现。表结果的consequently是句与句之间的衔接手段。第七句承上启下，保证段内句子间的连贯性。末句引出下一段对自我复制分子起源的介绍，保证段与段之间的连贯性。
第三段内容概括：介绍最初的自我复制分子以及自然选择法则。该段内容也分为两个部分。第一部分是前四句，承接上段末句内容，讨论最初的自我复制分子是什么。前两句排除DNA并分析原因(DNA itself could not have beenpresent at the origin of life because...)。第三、四句是并列关系，指出可能是RNA或其他类型的分子(Perhaps the related molecule RNA,or perhaps a different kind of molecule)。第二部分是后四句，介绍自然选择对于自我复制分子的作用。第五句([B])是过渡句，指出自然选择法则伴随着自我复制分子而出现(once... Darwinian naturalselection could have begun);第六、七句是并列关系，说明自然选择法则的过程(variants that were good at replication...varieties that did not replicate or did so inaccurately...);末句总结自然选择的结果是提高了复制分子的效率(ever?increasing efficiency)。
连贯性：①同义词、上下义词的使用、关键词重复出现和呼应现象是段内连贯性的体现。DNA, self?replicating molecule，molecule, origin of life这些相关词反复出现。DNA和RNA是self?replicating molecule的同义词。replicating, replication, replicator,copying相互呼应。variant和varieties是同义词。variation与上述两个词相呼应。②转折连词but、选择连词or也是连贯性的体现。
二、第四段为第二部分，承上启下，指出动物进化过程是自然选择的延续。
内容概括：作者按时间先后顺序安排本段内容，对自然选择过程作进一步解释说明：它存在于自我复制分子的进化以及其后的整个生物进化过程中。首句承接上段末句内容，指出在复制分子的竞争(即，最初的自然选择过程)中，那些具有自我保存和迅速自我复制能力的分子获胜(success must have gone to the onesthat happened to...)。第二句句首的the rest of evolution提示本句谈论的是后来的生物进化过程，指出它是自我复制分子自然选择的延续(a continuation of the naturalselection of replicator molecules)。第三句谈到复杂生物体的出现是动物长期进化的结果(long enough to have produced complexcontrivances)。
连贯性：同义复现关系、关键词重复和代词的使用保证了本段的连贯性。replicating molecules和replicator molecules是同义词复现;首句中的ones指代上文出现的replicating molecules;devices出现两次;第一句中for their own self?preservation and their own rapid replication与第二句中for their own preservation andreproduction也是同义复现关系。
三、第五段为第三部分，介绍脊椎动物的进化历史。
内容概括：作者按时间先后顺序，介绍脊椎动物的进化历史：最早的脊椎动物出现(the first vertebrates)→脊椎动物大量出现(appear abundantly)→有圆形鳍和肺的鱼出现(lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish)→两栖动物和爬行动物出现(amphibians and reptiles)→哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物分化出来(mammals and birds)→哺乳动物的分支(rapid divergence of mammals)，如：有袋动物、大象、食蚂动物、猴子等。
连贯性：按先后顺序出现的五个表时间的短语(nearly 600 million years ago, date back 530 million years, between 300and 400 million years ago, about 250 million years ago, 65 million years ago)是段内句子间连贯性的体现。
试题精解
选项大意概括：
[A]脊椎动物中首先是鱼，然后是两栖动物或爬行动物统治大陆。
[B]一旦自我复制分子形成，达尔文自然淘汰就起作用了。
[C]当然在有机汤里出现有机分子还不够，关键是自我复制分子的出现。
[D]人类的进化只是一小部分。
[E]变异受环境的影响，有害变异通常很快消亡，因此不影响有利变异的积累。
[F]三十亿年是一段很长的时间，足够长来产生如有椎骨的身体和昆虫的身体这样令人惊异的复杂的发明。
[G]两个时间之间独立分子的出现证明生命起源开始。
21.\[精解\] 答案G本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+句子之间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在第一段中。上文提到两个时间和两个事件：一是五十亿和四十亿年之间地球形成;二是三十亿年以前生命兴起，有用显微镜可见的像细菌一样的生物的化石来证明。下文则谈到没有人知道发生了什么。由于上文给出的是确定的说法，而下文讲述的是不确定的情况，因此空格处的内容应是出现的新现象，而且其出现的关键是下文提到的理论家认为的自我复制单位的自然出现。选项[B]、[C]中虽然都出现了下文中的关键词self?replicating，但它们无法体现逻辑上的转折，即“由知道到不知道”。只有选项[G]提到了生命起源的概念，而没有具体论述，和下文逻辑上顺接自然，此外其中的some time between these two dates和上文的两个时间相互呼应。
22.\[精解\] 答案C本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接。
本题空格出现在第二段末，应承上启下。上文主要介绍了化学家们在实验室里创造与古代地球相同的大气和海洋，发现了有机物质的产生。从而猜测古代地球正是以这种方式形成了生命起源以前的“有机汤”。下文则开始介绍自我复制分子DNA和RNA。选项[B]、[C]都提到了自我复制分子，但选项[B]出现了上下文都没有的新信息：达尔文自然选择理论。而选项[C]是过渡句，前部分承上，指出仅仅在“原始汤”里出现有机分子是不够的;后部分启下，指出关键的步骤是自我复制分子的起源。实际上这和第一段末的内容也相呼应：理论家们认为自我复制单位的出现是生命起源的关键。
23.\[精解\] 答案B本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+句子之间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在段中。上文是对自我复制分子DNA和RNA的介绍，指出RNA更可能是最初的自我复制分子，当然也可能是其他种类的分子。下文指出，特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始“有机汤”中占主导地位。那些不复制的或不能精确复制的变种会相对地变得比较少。这导致了复制分子的效率不断增加。选项[B]、[E]出现下文中的关键词variations，但选项[E]谈论环境造成变异，而且还提到有害变异和有利变异，根本未提及上下文中的self?replicating molecule。选项[B]提到达尔文进化自然选择理论，正是下文内容的综述。
24.\[精解\] 答案F本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+时间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在段末。上文提到，接下来的进化过程是复制分子(或称为基因)自然淘汰的继续：它们借助自我建立有效的部件(如：细胞和多细胞体)的能力来自我保存和复制。下文提到直到近六亿年以前的寒武纪时代(the Cambrian era)才确定化石小有规模。根据化石证据(在中国发现的“海口鱼”化石)推知最早的脊椎动物可追溯到五亿三千万年前。由自我复制分子的自然淘汰到第一种脊椎动物的出现，之间肯定是漫长的进化过程。空格处内容应弥补这个信息空白。选项[A]超前提出了脊椎动物，[B]停留在自我复制分子的自我淘汰阶段，[C]是自我复制分子的出现，[D]提到了脊椎动物以后的哺乳动物甚至灵长目动物。[G]停留在生命起源。只有F提到，三十亿年的时间里，动物产生了有椎骨的身体，恰当地衔接了上下文。
25.\[精解\] 答案A本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+时间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在段中。上文提到脊椎动物的大量出现，下文提到哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物的两个分支中衍生出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，又形成了今天我们见到的丰富的动物类型。之间有时间上的跨越。因此预测空格处应弥补这种信息上的空缺，即承接上文的脊椎动物的话题，又能够引出下文哺乳动物的内容。显然正确答案是选项[A]，其中的reptiles在下文中也出现。
全文翻译
在距今约五十亿和四十亿年之间地球形成。到了三十亿年以前生命早已兴起，我们有用显微镜可见的像细菌一样的生物化石来证明这一点。在这两个时间之间的某个时候――独立的分子证据显示大约是在四十亿年前――神秘的事件，即生命的起源肯定已经开始了。([G])没人知道发生了什么，但是理论家认为关键是自我复制实体(也就是一般意义上的“基因”)的自然出现。
原始地球大气或许包含了今天在太阳系的其他行星上仍然含量丰富的气体。化学家已经用实验的方法在实验室里重建这些原始的情况。如果类似的各种气体在装有水的一个细颈瓶中被混合，而且通过放电来加入能源(模拟了原始的闪电),有机的物质就自然地被合成了。这些有机物中包括RNA 和 DNA 的砌块。看起来类似的事情曾经发生在原始地球上。结果是，原始海洋可能变成了生命起源以前的有机化合物汇集的“一锅汤”。当然，仅仅在“原始汤”里出现有机分子是不够的。正如以上所说的，决定性的步骤是自我复制分子的起源，即能够复制自身特征的分子。([C])
今天最有名的自我复制分子是 DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)，但人们广泛认为DNA本身在生命起源之初不可能存在，因为它的复制太依赖专门的机制的支持，这在进化本身开始之前是不可能存在的。DNA已经被描述为可能是在生命自身起源之后某个时间出现的“高科技”分子。也许仍然在有生命的细胞中扮演各种不同重要角色的相关分子 RNA才是最初的自我复制分子;亦或许原始的复制者是一种完全不同类型的分子。一旦自我复制分子偶然形成，达尔文自然选择之类的法则可能就开始发挥作用了：群体中会因为复制时的偶然错误而产生变异。([B])特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始汤中占主导地位。那些不复制的变种或不能精确复制的变种会相对地变得比较少。一种分子的自然淘汰导致复制分子的效率不断提高。
当复制分子之间的竞争升温时，胜利一定属于那些刚好使用特别伎俩或装备来实现自我保存和迅速自我复制的分子。余下的进化过程可能被视为复制分子(现在称为基因)借助为自我保存和复制建立有效设备(细胞和多细胞体)的能力进行自然选择的继续。三十亿年是一段很长的时间，而且似乎已经足够长来产生如有椎骨的身体和昆虫的身体这样令人惊异的复杂的发明。([F])
化石直到近六亿年以前的寒武纪的时代才被确定小有规模。依照19在中国发现的化石证据――原始的无颚鱼，它有鳍、腮和像鱼一样的肌肉模式――第一批脊椎动物可追述到五亿三千万年前。在三、四亿年之间脊椎动物大量地出现在化石床中。在脊椎动物之中，土地首先被大约在二亿五千万年以前出现的长有圆形鳍和肺的鱼所占领，然后被两栖动物和更笼统地被我们称为“爬行动物”的各种不同类型的动物所占领。([A])哺乳动物，稍后是鸟类，从爬行动物的两个不同部门中分化出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，形成了我们今天见到的丰富的类型，负鼠到大象，从食蚁兽到猴子，似乎瞬间充满了六千五百万年以前由于恐龙的悲惨灭绝而留下的真空世界。
备注：1999年我国科学家陈均远等人在昆明郊区发现的“海口鱼”化石，距今5.3亿年，它不但是地球上最早出现的鱼，而且是包括人类在内所有地球脊椎动物的最早祖先。比起原先被认为是脊椎动物鼻祖的文昌鱼，中国“海口鱼”把脊椎动物的起源时间向前推进了整整5000万年。美国一名学者将这一发现描述为“人类重塑地球生命史的一项惊人成就”。
篇8：考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案
考研英语是个非常独特的考试，考研英语考的并不是你的英语水平有多好，而是你多会做考研英语的卷子，以下为您带来考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案，欢迎浏览！
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, 1）But when factory production got into full swing and new products, e. g. processed foods, came onto the market, national advertising campaigns and brand-naming of products became necessary. Before large-scale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small non-specialized factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands.
2）From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the 1870s, production had steadily expanded and there had been a corresponding growth in retail outlets. But the depression brought on a crisis of over-production and under-consumption―manufactured goods piled up unsold and prices and profits fell. Towards the end of the century many of the small industrial firms realized that they would be in a better position to weather economic depressions and slumps if they combined with other small businesses and widened the range of goods they produced so that all their eggs were not in one basket. They also realized that they would have to take steps to ensure that once their goods had been produced there was a market for them. This period ushered in the first phase of what economists now call 'monopoly capitalism', which, roughly speaking, refers to the control of the market by a small number of giant，conglomerate enterprises. Whereas previously competitive trading had been conducted by small rival firms, after the depression the larger manufacturing units and combines relied more and more on mass advertising to promote their new range of products．
A good example of the changes that occurred in manufacture and distribution at the turn of the century can be found in the soap trade. From about the 1850s the market had been flooded with anonymous bars of soap, produced by hundreds of small manufacturers and distributed by wholesalers and door-to-door sellers. 3）For instance, the future Lard Leverhulme decided to brand his soap by selling it in distinctive packages in order to facilitate recognition and encourage customer loyalty．
Lard Leverhulme was one of the first industrialism to realize that advertisements should contain logical and considered arguments as well as eye-catching and witty slogans. 4）For example, one contemporary Pears soap ad went into great detail about how the product could enhance marital bliss by cutting down the time the wife had to spend with her arms in a bowl of frothy suds. And an ad for Cadbury's cocoa not only proclaimed its purity but also detailed other benefits: 'for the infant it is a delight and a support; for the young girl, a source of healthy vigour；for the young miss in her teens a valuable aid to development…' and so on. As the writer E. S. Turner rightly points out, the advertising of this period had reached the 'stage of persuasion as distinct from proclamation or iteration'.5）
［A］The leading companies develop more aggressive selling methods such as keeping contact with their customers.
［B］Indeed advertise or bust seemed to be the rule of the day as bigger and more expensive campaigns were mounted and smaller firms who did not, or could not, advertise, were squeezed or bought out by the larger companies.
［C］ But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial organization and distribution and the new．
［D］advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and communication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products．
［E］Competition grew steadily throughout the latter half of the century and eventually the leading companies embarked on more aggressive selling methods in order to take customers away from their rivals．
［F］Contemporary products also display details of the main ingredients.
［G］Many advertisers followed his lead and started to include 'reason why' copy in their ads．
答案及详解
1.D。“工业革命初期的广告主要用于新奇和装饰性的产品”与后句中的national compaigns and brand-naming of products became necessary对照，我们可知此时的广告应用还不是很普及，所以选D。
2.C。承上启下句，广告开始发出重要演变（“a turning point”。）
3.E。从后面一家公司通过采取独特的包装方法销售肥皂，而顾客在选择时能轻易辨别出来的实例中可知大公司开始了更强有力的推销手段，所以选E
4.G。第四段论述了大公司如何通过广告以及广告方式提高竞争力，上一句指出Lard leverhulme意识到广告标语“吸引眼球”与富有情趣的重要性。下一句通过肥皂和可乐的广告词，表明现代的广告越来越重视对产品作用的描述。
5.B。总结全文，做广告已成为现代商业社会的法则，许多负担不起大规模或昂贵广告的公司只有被并购或者逐渐萎缩。
中心思想
本文论述了广告的演变历史，工业革命初期，广告主要用于新奇或装饰性产品，接着大公司开始采取越来越强有力的推销手段。现代社会，广告更是成功决定商家命运的重要竞争力之一。
1.考研英语阅读理解B型试题
2.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题
3.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案
4.考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析
5.20考研英语阅读理解试题【附答案】
6.考研英语一试题及答案
7.考研英语阅读理解试题
8.考研英语阅读理解测试题
9.考研英语试题（阅读理解）
10.考研英语阅读理解练习试题
篇9：高一英语短篇阅读理解试题
(1)
No.4 middle School
Kunming ,yunnan
April 2nd ,2004
Dear editor (编辑) ,
I live in a beautiful city . Many visitors come to my city . there are so many colorful peacocks (孔雀) here .
The peacocks mostly live on the grass land of Dongfeng Square
They are given food freely by visitors . They usually throw food to them , and don’t think about at all whether the food is right or not . Some of the peacocks became ill , some even died after eating the bad food given by the visitors.
I’m sure most of the visitors who throw food to the peacocks really like the birds , but don’t realize (意识到) that they may be doing them harm (伤害).
The visitors should be told that what have done is very harmful to the birds , and this kind of thing must be stopped from happening .
Perhaps we can build some small shops beside Dongfeng Square to sell peacock food . For us every person , it’s our duty to give more love to these beautiful birds and to look after them carefully.
Yours,
Sun Yan
()6.Many visitors come to the writer’s city to __________.
A. do some shopping B. see beautiful peacocks
C. play on Dongfeng square D. eat nice food
()7.Some peacocks became ill and died because some visitors ______;
A. did’t give them any food B. gave them too much food
C. threw them some bad food D. loved them and played with them
()8.Some shops can be built beside Dongfeng Square so that they may _____________.
A.sell food for visitors B. sell food for peacocks
C.make the square more beautiful D.have the beautiful birds
()9.From the passage we know people should __________.
A. live and play with the birds
B. stop the birds from eating too much
C. give right food to the birds
D. give more food to the birds
()10.We can guess the writer of the letter, Sun Yan , may be a _____.
A. visitor B. shopkeeper C.square keeper D. student
6-10：B C B C D
(2)
Every town in the United States has a post office . Some are very small , and you may also find them in the corner of a shop . Others are larger buildings . They are open five days a week and on Saturday mornings . From Monday through Friday they are usually open from 8:30 to 4:30 .
If you know how much the postage (邮资) is for your letter , you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices you can buy stamps from machines . Stamps are sold many different prices , from one cent (美分) to many dollars . If you are not sure how much postage is for you letter , you may ask the man or the woman in the post office for help . he or she will give you the stamps you need . If you are sending your letter far away , you should use airmail envelopes (航空信封) . Remember that postage will be more expensive for a letter to be sent outside the country.
At a post office you can also buy postcards . A postcard is cheaper than a letter . Usually the price of postage for a postcard is about half that of a letter . The postcards that you buy at a post office do not have pictures . However ,also they are not to be sent outside the country .
Letters are an easy and cheap way to keep in touch with people in many different countries .
()11.The passage tell us that we can find ________ easily in the United States of America.
A. post office s B.large buildings
C.small shops D.different banks
()12.The post offices in the United States are open _________.
A.seven hours a day B.six hours a day
C.five hours a day D.eight hours a day
()13.If you are not sure how much postage is for your letter ,you can____.
A. go and buy stamps from the machine in the post officesend a cheap postcard instead of your letter
B. get in touch with somebody you know in the post office
C.ask the man or the woman in the post office for help
()14.The price of postage for ________ is more expensive.
A.a beautiful postcard B.a letter written on envelope
C.a letter by airmail D.a postcard with pictures
()15.The passage tells us something about ________ in the USA
A.the post B.the postage C.letters D.postcards
11-15 A D D C A
(3)
Long, long ago there was a very foolish thief. Do you know what he did one day? When he wanted to steal(偷) the bell on his neighbour’s door, he walked up to the door, took hold of(抓住) the bell and pulled hard. The bell made a very loud noise. The thief was afraid and went home.
Then he sat down to think, “I must do something about the noise,” he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. “Ah, I’ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won’t be able to hear the noise.” The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell. This time he pulled even harder. The bell rang loudly, but the thief did not hear anything. With another hard pull he got the bell out. Just then the neighbour came running out.
“Steal my bell? I’ll teach you a lesson(教训),” the angry man shouted. And he hit the thief on the nose.
The foolish thief did not know how the neighbour found out he was stealing the bell. “Why did he come out just then?” he wondered (感到疑惑).
( )16. The thief was trying to get .
A. his neighbour B. his neighbour’s doorbell
C. some cotton D. a door with a bell on it
( )17. The thief put some cotton in his ears. He thought it would be for him to steal the doorbell.
A. safe B. difficult C. dangerous D. easy
( )18. The neighbour ran out probably(很可能) because .
A. he knew his doorbell was being stolen
B. he thought someone was eager (渴望的) to visit him
C. he realized (意识到) something strange happened
D. Both B and C
( )19. The neighbour hit the thief to .
A. give him lessons B. punish (惩罚) him for stealing
C. help him with the bell D. be his teacher
( )20. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The thief understood why he was hit on the nose.
B. The thief knew why the neighbour came out.
C. The thief thought the neighbour couldn’t hear the noise the bell made.
D. The thief didn’t want to know why the neighbour ran out.
16-20 B A D B C
(4)
A farmer was put in prison(监狱). One day, he got a letter from his wife.
“I am worried about out farm,” she wrote. “It’s time to plant potatoes ,
but I can’t do all the digging(挖) by myself.”
The farmer thought over and then had an idea. He wrote to his wife,“Don’t dig
the fields. This id where my gold(金子) is. Don’t plant potatoes until I comehome.
A few days later, the farmer got anther letter from his wife. It said, “Two days
ago, about ten prison guards(监狱看守) came to our fields. It looked as if they were looking for something. They have dug our field.”
The farmer wrote to his wife at once. “Now you can plant our potatoes,” he wrote.
( )21.The farmer was put in prison ________.
A. because he had done something wrong
B. because he had a lot of gold in the fields
C. The writer didn’t say anything about why the farmer was put in prison
D. For nothing
( )22.The farmer’s wife was much worried about _____ .
A. her husband B. their farm C. planting potatoes D. herself
( )23.The farmer told his wife __ first.
A. not to dig the fields B. to dig the fields
C. to ask the prison guards for help D. to find the gold in the fields
( )24.Why did the prison guards dig the farmer’s fields ?________.
A. They wanted to help the farmer
B. Their leader ordered them to do so
C. The farmer asked them to do so
D. They wanted to find out the gold
( )25.Why did the farmer ask his wife to plant potatoes at once ? Because _____.
A. their fields had been dug
B. the gold was found out
C. the prison guards asked him to do so
D. the prison guards were digging the fields
21—25 C B A D A
【考研英语阅读理解试题】相关文章：
3.阅读理解试题
文档为doc格式
