名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题中

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篇1：名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题中

名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题（中）

Text 3

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over ZoZysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?

[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.

[B] A type of conspicuous bias.

[C] A type of personal prejudice.

[D] A kind of brand discrimination.

47.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.

[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of ZoZysman.

[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.

[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

48.The 4th paragraph suggests that

[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.

[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class.

[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.

[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.

49.What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?

[A] They are getting impatient.

[B] They are noisily dozing off.

[C] They are feeling humiliated.

[D] They are busy with word puzzles.

50.Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.

[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.

[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.

[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

Text 4

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.

Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.

51.By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1). The author means

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.

52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused.

[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.

53.When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4,Paragraph 3), the author is talking about

[A] gold market. [B] real estate.

[C] stock exchange. [D]venture investment.

54.Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?

[A] They would benefit in certain ways.

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.

55.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] A new boom, on the horizon.

[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.

[C] Caution all right, panic not.

[D] The more ventures, the more chances.

Text 5

It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans' life expect

篇2：名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题下

名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题（下）

Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 160-200 words. Your essay should

1) describe the picture,

2) interpret its meaning, and,

3) give your comments on the phenomenon.

Sample

Nowadays a considerable number of people, especially the young, become obsessed with romance on the Internet. According to a recent survey, nearly half of our young people have experienced the so-called cyber romance or have shown great interest in it. The cartoon shows a young man is sitting in front of his computer and imagining his ideal girl on the other end of the line. This phenomenon is quite common among young people.

Why does it occur? In the first place, due to personal limitations, it’s hard to find ideal love. In the second place, pressure from careers has deprived them of many chances of communication. They can’t afford enough time to foster emotion. On the other hand, they insist on perfect love. As a result, they turn to Internet, the virtual world, for their dream. Cyber love seems lighter, more exciting and romantic to them.

However, cyber love is far from perfect. In fact, it’s full of dangers and risks. Cheating on personal information frequently happens. In the end, you may presumably be disappointed to find the handsome young man of high rank you love a jobless person of fifty, or a beautiful lady of twenty an ugly mother of three children. To make matters worse, it’s reported that cyber love contributes to many criminal cases.

Cyber love is, after all, a form of fantasy. You are indulged in an illusion. Your beloved girl is created out of your own imagination. You idealize her and admire her. But that’s quite illusive rather than realistic. Conclusively, people should develop a rational attitude towards it to avoid any undesirable consequence.

A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.

B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

C. Your essay should cover these three points:

l. effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife

2. possible reason for the effect

3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

Sample

From the graphs, we can come to a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased sharply, and some species have even vanished from our planet.

Why does this phenomenon appear? I think there are several reasons. At the beginning, with the rapid growth of population, more and more people came to live where many wild species have been living. So these species have to move. Some of them probably cannot adapt to the new environment and die. What’s more, although many people may regard the wildlife as their friends, others may not think so. They capture wild animals and sell them in order to make money. Last but not the least, with the development of the industry, the natural balance has been destroyed. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.

In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, people should be educated to love the nature and safeguard the wildlife. Third, we should take practical actions to defend our living environment.

Useful Sentences

1. As we can see clearly from the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/statistics/table, great changes have been taking place in the habit of eating in our country.

As can be seen clearly from the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, many people are going abroad to study for a master degree.

2. As is indicated/shown in the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, Internet is changing people’s views on getting information.

3. According to the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table given above, we can see that the population in the world is growing fast.

According to the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table given above, we can come to the conclusion that a bright future is waiting for us.

According to the information provided by the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, we can see clearly that the environment will become worse and worse if we don’t take immediate actions.

4. A close look at the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table reveals that the situation there is improving.

5. From the information presented in the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, it is possible to see that …

6. It can be seen from the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, …

It has been shown from the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, …

It can be concluded from the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table, …

7. The chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table conveys the message that …

The chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table demonstrates/ indicates/reveals/shows that …

The chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table tells us that …

8. There is/was a/an dramatic/large/marked/rapid/sharp/slight/steady decline/decrease/drop/fall/reduction

increase/rise in the chart/diagram/figure/graph/picture/ statistics/table.

9. The figure/rate decreases/drops/falls/reduces/increases/rises sharply, from…up to…, there are some important reasons for this.

10. The reason why the figure/rate decreases/drops/falls/reduces/increases/rises sharply is that …

11. As is described in the cartoon, the hen commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corner.

12. Although the picture is simple, the symbolic meaning is profound.

13. The purpose of the cartoon is to tell us that knowledge is power.

14. As a matter of the fact, there are many examples existing in our society, as illustrated in the cartoon.

15. Through the cartoon, the drawer intends to inform us that the environment is becoming worse and worse.

16. In the cartoon, a student attempts to pass the exam by employing a ringer. More and more similar events have been heard or reported via media, e.g. newspapers, the Internet and the bulletin boards.

Part A

51. Directions:

Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

小作文范文：

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position due to some factors involved which I can't stand.

First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you promised at the time I took up the job, and I have a large family to support. What's more, a period of experience here shows to me that my personality doesn't agree with the relational demands between colleagues. Most importantly, I feelrather disappointed and left out on the job itself because in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.

I honestly hope that you can approve of my requirement for resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part A

51. Directions:

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the depa

篇3：名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题上

名师：09考研英语阅读理解及作文点题（上）

Text 1

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s, she observes, It’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but had determined to finish college. I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women

[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.

[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.

24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

Text 2

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it―is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses

[A] the background information of journal editing.

[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.

[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.

[D] the traditional process of journal publication.

27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?

[A] It criticizes government-funded research.

[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.

[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.

[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.

28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that

[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.

[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.

[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.

[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.

29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to

[A] cover the cost of its publication. [B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.

[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.

30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publi

篇4：名师指引考研英语阅读理解

名师指引考研英语阅读理解

[中国大学网 ]即将步入十月，考研复习也进入了一个攻坚阶段。目前看来，整个的命题趋势更注重学生的综合能力了，国家教委命题人都是中年海归派，他们带有一种强烈的国际气息，因此题的内容与国际接轨接得特别好。以前我们四、六级考试，考研考试出的题都是很久很久以前的东西，经典的东西拿出来考。现在不一样了，我们每篇文章都像《Nature》、《财富》这样的杂志一样，就是新登上的文章我们拿过来就考，而且考的不是网络的，就是经济学的，要不就是股票的。所以提醒大家做阅读材料的时候，首先要读前三句：如果这篇文章比较新，建议大家去做。如果这篇文章如果读起来是莎士比亚年代的东西，建议放弃。还有一块是写作，如果说写作有变化，就是实用性更强，和现实联系更紧密了。而不是以前论一本书，说书是你的好朋友，写我的父亲、母亲。现在要考的都是实际的东西。比如网络问题、明星崇拜问题等。

注意强化词汇及语法基础

考研英语是在语言实力上的比拼。词汇和语法上如果漏洞百出必然影响考试得分，而一分之差往往又使成千上万的考生名落孙山。因此，复习中词汇和语法要进行专门的强化和突破。大纲要求了5500个考研基本词汇，考生要把它们看作基本常识熟背熟记。除了考试大纲外，所选择的考研词汇书最好有单词的搭配和例句，在记单词的同时把词组和用法同时掌握。应特别注意单词的最后两三种含义，这很有可能成为阅读中的最大障碍。记单词的过程最好分三个阶段：①快速强化阶段：粗略把握单词拼写、读音及大意。②深入了解阶段：第二遍要严格掌握单词的多重语义及在例句中的用法。③巩固提高阶段：在六级考试的难词辨析和考研历年真题的.阅读完形题目中重复词汇、巩固记忆，通过上下文的提示对词汇进行适当推理，加强对单词意义和用法的掌握。

关于语法，根据老师的了解，很多考生都不太注重语法。建议大家可以寻找一本最薄、最简单的语法指导材料，用两周的时间系统精读一遍。不要放过例句，要把语法现象和例句充分结合在一起加以阅读领会。考研英语语法的重点不是虚拟语气，而是复合句中的从句知识。阅读、完形、翻译中都会出现较多的长难句需要考生分析解剖。语法中的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句(9类)以及各种插入语经常使得句子纷繁复杂。因此，在大量接触真题前有必要对语法知识进行透彻的复习，掌握了这些语法工具，就可以在复杂的真题语言中解剖拆分，处理好每一个长难句。

阅读复习以历年真题为核心，反复研习。

阅读决定着英语考试的成败，也是复习中的关键。最好的复习材料就是历年的全真考题，这些题目最能反映大纲要求和命题思路。反复研习历年真题，就能发现文章涉及到大量社科尤其是经济类文章。对于每篇文章的主题思想、篇章结构要有所把握；对于主旨题、态度题、细节题要能进行清楚透彻的分析。除了把解题思路推理清楚外，复习中要提高要求，最好能试着把文章进行口头或书面翻译。这样，既加深了对语言和信息的准确把握，又能扩展语法、词汇知识，提高翻译能力。这个工作艰难而漫长，但确实能给阅读实力带来飞跃。当把阅读篇章已经复习得滚瓜烂熟时，适当读一些与考研难度相当的西文报刊，如“Time”，“Business Week”和“Fortune”，进一步拓展词汇和知识面。阅读中所谓的3%超纲词也就不那么可怕了。

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篇5：获取考研英语阅读理解高分关键点

获取考研英语阅读理解高分关键点

相信大多数同学在掌握考研英语词汇的基础上，已经能够掌握考研阅读文章的意思梗概。至于文章里小部分的超纲词汇，那没有必要去浪费太多时间。我们要知道重要的是怎样才能提高阅读的速度，掌握答题的技巧。

阅读有几个问题同学们一直觉得很痛苦：速度跟不上，长难从句搞不懂，选项辨析不清楚。

观点很简单，提高分析速度和加强对选项辨析水平是大家在短短几个月可以做的，而长难从句涉及到语法、句法、结构和实词虚词、连接词等等，这方面的阅读水平不是在这么短时间可以努力的，如果说个人的考研复习很长，建议考生可以把高中英语语法书对照考研英语大纲梳理一遍。如果自己的考研时间有限，建议尽量在复习的时候规避这些语法方面的不足，让答题的经验和技巧帮你争取高分。大家回忆一下平常生活里看英语文章的'经验，如果这篇文章刚好是你所熟悉和习惯的内容，即使比较长的句子比较难的内容，看起来也很舒服，速度肯定有保证。

不要为了做题和为了阅读考试才去读，尤其对于准备时间比较充分的朋友来讲，应该早早就开始逼迫自己每天花十到十五分钟去读一些英语文章，特别是要选一些略带有专业性质的文章，这样可以增加自己的知识面和敏感度，这个过程坚持一两个月后，对加强自己的语感和猜测能力是很有帮助的。

所以要提高阅读速度，首先要逼迫自己有选择地读不同专业不同内容的英语文章，从平时开始，在做题以外的时候自然地去读。当你自然地理解了一篇东西，哪怕是猜测到一些大意。当然，要循序渐进，把自己的时间分几个阶段。前一两个月读比自己当前水平略高一点，读起来稍有点吃力的那一级的文章，当慢慢觉得这档文章读起来速度快了，舒服了，下个月就去读高一级难度的阅读文章，依次类推。在准备期的这段时间甚至都不一定要急着做多少考研阅读题，先打好扎实的阅读基础没坏处的。等到感觉自己的速度好象有了一定进步的时候，包括词汇也有了一定进展时，再回到考研的题目上去，你会发现，速度有了保障，等于给了自己比以前更充分的时间去思考选项，成绩肯定有进步。

至于选项辨析的问题，也是一个关键，很多同学文章基本是看懂了，被出题人的选项搞的不懂了，辨不清A和C哪个对，一下决心选C，又怕答案是A，来回犹豫多半错掉。

考研阅读的另外一部分是新题型，把调乱了的文章段落排回正常的顺序，这种题不会有什么技巧可言，就是阅读速度跟得上，有足够的时间理解意思，然后语言感觉好，能发现其中合理的起承转合，感觉出语篇和内容的叙述先后。所以还是回归到前面讲的速度训练上。新题型还有一种是选小标题，毫无疑问，这个是从雅思里学来的题，雅思考这种选段落小标题已经好多年了，要训练的话，去借一本雅思阅读的题来，只做这种题型，花不了太多时间，但是很有益处的。雅思阅读成型已久，这些模拟题很容易找。

对于一般英语基础语法不是很扎实的考研选手，扩充自己的阅读知识面，加强阅读的量，改善阅读的习惯，提高阅读的速度。这样就可以在考研中争取最多的分数！这样可以使得整体的英语考研成绩跻身于名校层次！

篇6：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(28)

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry－William Shakespeare－but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights。

The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise -making。

The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus―and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side―don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。

The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive。

Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better。) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low。

It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) ― lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m。

26. From the first two paragraphs , we learn that

[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue。

[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage。.

[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms。

[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism。

27. It can be inferred from Para 3 that

[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。

[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。

[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。

[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。

28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4)， the author implies that

[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects。

[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties。

[C] the town is not really short of money。

[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid。

29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because

[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending。

[B] the company is financially ill-managed。

[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable。

[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise。

30. From the text we can conclude that the author

[A] is supportive of both sides。

[B] favors the townsfolk’s view。

[C] takes a detached attitude。

[D] is sympathetic to the RSC。

名师解析

26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that   从前两段，我们可以得知

[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC ’s contribution to the town’s revenue。

镇上的人否认皇家莎士比亚剧院公司对小镇的收入有什么贡献。

[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage。

皇家莎士比亚剧院公司的演员台上台下都模仿莎士比亚。

[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms。

皇家莎士比亚剧院公司的两个分支相处不融洽。

[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism。

镇上的人从旅游业中没有挣到什么钱。

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 本题的关键词“前两段”明确告诉我们答案的得出必须要通读完这两段。“众所周知，埃文河上的斯特拉特福德镇只有一个产业――威廉・莎士比亚，但是却有两个完全分离并且越来越敌对的分歧双方。一方是皇家莎士比亚剧院公司，它在埃文河的莎士比亚剧院上演精彩的戏剧作品。另一方则是当地的居民，他们很大程度上依赖那些不是来看戏而是来参观莎士比亚出生地以及其它景点的游客而生活。斯特拉特福德镇知名的居民怀疑剧院没有对他们收入的增加做出过哪怕是一分钱的贡献。他们公开表示讨厌莎士比亚剧院公司的演员，他们的长头发、胡须、拖鞋以及吵闹声。极具讽刺意味的是，他们赖以谋生的莎士比亚当年就是个留着胡须的演员，而且吵吵闹闹也有他的.一份。”[A]“镇上的人否认皇家莎士比亚剧院公司对小镇有什么贡献”意思是合适的，从第二段第一句话可以得出这样的结论。选项[B]“皇家莎士比亚剧院公司的演员台上台下都模仿莎士比亚”是不正确的，因为文中仅仅说斯特拉特福德镇居民讨厌他们的这些打扮，但是没有说这些演员是在模仿莎士比亚，更不用说什么台上台下了。选项[C]的问题出在它把“two branches”的意思弄错了，这两个分歧方指的是莎士比亚行业的两个组成部分，一个是剧院，一个是居民。选项[D]说“镇上的人没有挣到钱，”显然和原文不符，因为“他们的生计靠的就是那些来参观莎士比亚故居的人”，其中“live off”可意为“靠……生活”。

27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that  从第三段中可以推断出

[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。

观光客不能分别参观城堡或者宫殿。

[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。

来看戏的人花的钱比观光者花费多。

[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。

观光者的购物比来看戏的人多。

[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。

来看戏的人除了剧院哪里也不去。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 本段关键词“第三段”。[B]试图比较谁花的钱多，可以定位到第三段第二和第三句，文中提及观光客通常不看戏。而来看戏的人通常的确会进行一些观光。而且后一句说“剧院认为，他们为镇上带来了最多的税收，因为来看戏的人会花很多的钱在酒店和饭店。”这样一来不难判断，[B]是正确的。[A]中提到城堡、宫殿，可以定位到第三段第二句，“乘车来的观光客经常会顺道去参观沃维城堡和布伦亨宫。他们通常不看戏，有人甚至会惊讶地发现在斯特拉特福德镇居然有剧院”。“on the side”的意思就是“另外，兼职”，说明这些人是顺道来看看这些城堡、宫殿什么的，不是特意来看戏的。这推断不出“观光客不能单独参观城堡或者宫殿”这一层意思。至于[C]，第三段并没有提到观光客的购物多少问题，也就无从谈起谁的购物多。至于[D]，显然是不正确的，并不是什么地方都不去，因为第三句已经提到，来看戏的人通常的确会进行一些观光。

28. By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2, Paragraph 4)， the author implies that

作者提到“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(第四段第二行)的含义是

[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects。

斯特拉特福德镇支付不了扩张项目的费用。

[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties。

斯特拉特福德镇一直财政困难。

[C] the town is not really short of money。

斯特拉特福德镇并不是真的缺钱。

[D] the townsfolk used to

篇7：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(27)

In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of difference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite。” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act。” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization。

Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation－language, home ownership and intermarriage。

The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence。” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families。”  Hence the deion of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By foreignCborn immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans。

Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.Cborn whites and blacks。” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of AsianCAmerican women are married to non-Asians。

Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power。”

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment。

21. The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

[A] identifying.  [B] associating.  [C] assimilating.  [D] monopolizing。

22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century

[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture。

[B] became intimate shops for common consumers。

[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite。

[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption。

23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S。

[A] are resistant to homogenization。

[B] exert a great influence on American culture。

[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture。

[D] constitute the majority of the population。

24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

[A] To prove their popularity around the world。

[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants。

[C] To give examples of successful immigrants。

[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture。

25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

[A] rewarding.  [B] successful.  [C]. fruitless.  [D]. harmful。

名师解析

21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

“homogenizing”(第一段第二行)一词的大致意思是

[A] identifying.  识别 确认        [B] associating.  联系，联合

[C] assimilating.  吸收，同化      [D] monopolizing.  独占，垄断

【答案】 C

【考点】 词义题。

【分析】 本题的答案直接可以定位到第一句话。文章说“尽管人们不停地谈论差异”，用到了表示转折的“in spite of”，后面显然就是与前面的意思相反了。差异的反面自然是相同。如果考生没有把握，只要继续读两句，就会发现作者描述的都是一个同化了的社会的特征。而“homogenize”这个单词，如果从词根来分析，也不难判断。“homo”表示相同的，比如同性恋就是“homosexual”，而“homogenize”的原意就是“使均匀，均质化”，所以只有[C]“assimilate”这个单词合适。“assimilate”的本意是“吸收，消化”，后引申为“使相同、使相象”，以及“把(移民或文化出色的群体)同化到盛行的文化中”。[A]“identify”一般表示对身份的“识别，确认”，不合题意。[B]“associate”表示“联系，联合”，不合题意。[D]“monopolize”(独占， 垄断)，这个单词由“mono(单一)＋pole(极)”构成，用在本处意思不符合。

22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th-century

在作者看来，19世纪的商场

[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.  在传播流行文化方面发挥了作用。

[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.  成为了和普通消费者关系亲密的商店。

[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.  满足了知识精英的需要。

[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.  其出现归功于消费文化。

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 题干关键词“department stores”出现在第一段第三句，该句子的意思是“人们沉迷于一种始于19世纪的商场的消费文化”。随后进一步解释说“商场和那些精品店不一样，是人人都可以去的，购物变成了一种民主和公众的活动”。也就是说，商场对于流行文化的传播起到了推动的作用，故[A]为本题的正确答案。[B]的错误在于它故意将那些迎合精英人士的精品店与其顾客的那种亲密的关系用在商场与普通消费者的关系上。[C]的错误在于商场满足的是普通大众的需要，而不是那些知识精英的需要。至于[D]，它故意颠倒了因果关系，商场的出现推动了流行文化的发展，而并不是流行文化导致了商场的出现。而且作者在这一段结束的时候，还提到，其它的一些推动流行文化发展的`因素还有大众传媒、广告以及运动业。

23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S。

本文暗示现在美国的移民

[A] are resistant to homogenization.  对于同化是抵制的。

[B] exert a great influence on American culture.  对美国文化施加了很大的影响。

[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.  对大众文化几乎没有威胁。

[D] constitute the majority of the population.  占人口大多数。

【答案】 C

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 题干中出现了“immigrant”这个关键单词，就是告诉考生，本题解题的关键是和移民相关的内容。只有阅读完相关的内容，才有可能正确答对本题。“immigrant”可以定位到第二段。文章说“移民正在快速适应这个大众文化”。第二句就引用记者的话说“如今的移民既未达到前所未有的水平，而且也不抵制同化”。这样一来，就可以排除[A]。后面提到美国移民的人口比率只有百分之几，显然不可能是人口的大多数，因此[D]“移民占人口大多数”可以被我们排除。不但人数不占优势，所占比率还在缩小，因此，可以说[C]“对大众文化几乎没有威胁”是合适的。至于[B]项，文中没有提及。但是考虑到人数这么少，对美国施加巨大的影响一说就不太现实了。

24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

第五段中为什么提到阿诺德・施瓦辛格和葛斯・布鲁克斯？

[A] To prove their popularity around the world.  为了证明他们在全球都很受欢迎。

[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.  为了表明公众对移民的恐惧。

[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.  为了举出成功移民的范例。

[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.  为了展示美国文化的强大影响。

【答案】 D

篇8：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(21)

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars。” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says。

Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening。

Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job。

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting。

31. By “Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1)， the author means

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation。

32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation？

[A] Optimistic.  [B] Confused.  [C] Carefree.   [D] Panicked。

33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3, Paragraph 3)， the author is talking about

[A] gold market. [B] real estate.  [C] stock exchange.  [D] venture investment。

34. Why can many people see “silver linings”to the economic showdown?

[A] They would benefit in certain ways。

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery。

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom。

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced。

35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] A new boom, on the horizon。

[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy。

[C] Caution all right, panic not。

[D] The more ventures, the more chances。

名师解析

31. By“Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1)， the author means

通过说“艾伦・斯拜罗还不至于咬手指”(第一段第一行)，作者的意思是

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.   斯拜罗几乎无法维持自己的生意。

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.   斯拜罗过分投入于自己的工作。

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.    斯拜罗已经戒掉了坏习惯。。

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.   斯拜罗没有到绝望的境地。

【答案】 D

【考点】 词义和句意题。

【分析】 此类题目一般会考超纲词汇、熟词僻义、特殊场合用法等，本题属于考熟词僻义。“biting one’s nails”是习语，但是绝大多数考生是不会知道的。这个时候就必须将其放在上下文中来考虑。文章第一句和第二句之间的转折词“but”是推断出这个句子意思的关键“……斯拜罗还不至于‘biting her nails’，但是(她的生意已经不如从前)这位四十七岁的指甲修饰师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。她的大多数顾客每周花费十二至五十美元，可上月两位长期客户突然不来了；她本人也不再去高档商场而去中档商场了。”由此可以推断出，第一句肯定是说她的境况还不至于糟糕到非常困难的地步。[B]、[C]肯定是可以排除的，而选项[A]“斯拜罗几乎无法维持自己的生意”则很具有迷惑性，可是如果考生把[A]带进原文读一遍就会发现这个选项和“but”无法连用，“斯拜罗几乎无法维持自己的生意，但是她的生意已经大不如从前”在逻辑上是讲不通的，所以只能选择[D]，这样一来，这句话的意思就是“(虽然)斯拜罗还没有到绝望的境地，但是她的生意已经大不如从前了”，语义上完全可以接受。

32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

公众对目前的经济形势怎么看？

[A] Optimistic.  乐观的。

[B] Confused.  迷惑的。

[C] Carefree.   无忧无虑的。

[D] Panicked.   恐慌的。

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 本题属于事实细节题，考查公众对经济形势的看法。文章中关于公众的看法出现在第二段最后几句“不过，目前还不必敲什么警钟。消费者看起来只是适度关注，并没有恐慌。许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带，但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的。”由此可以判定正确答案是选项[A]。

33. When mentioning“the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 2―3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about

当提及“400万到1,000万美元之间”(第三段第二、三行)时，作者在谈论

[A] gold market.  黄金市场。

[B] real estate.   房地产。

[C] stock exchange.   证券交易所。

[D] venture investment   风险投资。

【答案】 B

【考点】 词义和句意题。

【分析】 引用别人的话来证明自己的观点叫引证，用例子来证明自己的.观点叫例证。我们来看看作者引用这句话是为了证明什么“在大多数地区房屋价格保持稳定。经纪人巴巴拉・考克兰说，在曼哈顿‘出现了对400万至1,000万美元之间房子的淘金热(抢购)，资金来源以华尔街股票红利为主。’在旧金山，高价抢购现象虽然销声匿迹了，可价格依旧看涨。海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰・梯尔迪说：‘以前总是有20到30个卖主，而现在也许只有两三个。’”读懂这句话，就会明白，作者是在证明有人在投资房地产。选项[A]是出题人故意利用“gold rush”这个短语的字面意思来迷惑考生的，“gold rush”指淘金热，但是这里指的是“投资房产的狂热”。选项[C] 股票市场是利用考生可能会被华尔街误导而出的干扰项。至于选项[D]风险投资本章没有提及。

34. Why can many people see“silver linings”to the economic showdown?

为什么许多人能够在经济放缓中看到“银色的边”？

[A] They would benefit in certain ways.  他们可能以某些方式收益。。

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.  股票市场显现了复苏的迹象。

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.  经济繁荣之前通常会有这样的滑坡。

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.  购买力会增强。

【答案】 A

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 文章并没有直接说“银色的边”是什么意思，但是这却是理解的一个比较关键的地方。英语中有句谚语叫“Every cloud has a silver lining。”意思是“黑暗中总有一丝光明。”英美人士常用“银色的边”来形容或者比喻困难时的希望。但是仅仅了解这个短语的意思显然还是不够的，问题的关键是为什么许多人能够在经济放缓中看到希望？看原文“潜在的购房者会对利率下调欢天喜地。雇主们对就业市场少了些泡沫也并不在意。许多消费者似

篇9：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(25)

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”―the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line。” And one leading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it。”

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep―when most vivid dreams occur―as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day”， says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement。

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events―until, it appears, we begin to dream。

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep。

At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep―or rather dream―on it and you’ll feel better in the morning。

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams

[A] can be modified in their courses。

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes。

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears。

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs。

32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show

[A] its function in our dreams。

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep。

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions。

[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex。

33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind。

[B] develop into happy dreams。

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep。

[D] show up in dreams early at night。

34. Cartwright seems to suggest that

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。

[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。

35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

[A] Lead your life as usual。

[B] Seek professional help。

[C] Exercise conscious control。

[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime。

名师解析

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams  研究人员已经逐步相信梦

[A] can be modified in their courses.  可以在过程中被修改。

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes.  容易受到情感变化的影响。

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears.  反应我们内心的欲望与恐惧。

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs.  是神经修复的随机结果。

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 题干关键词“researcher”在第一段第四句出现，而在此之前，作者主要介绍了过去有关梦的定义，包括“Freud”(弗洛伊德)以及“20世纪70年代神经学家”的说法。第四句开始，文章作者提到了当代的研究者的观点“梦可以调节人的情绪，梦不仅可以被驾驭，还可以有意识地对其进行控制，梦可以改变。”通过这样的一个分析比较归纳，考生应该能够比较容易地得出[A]这个正确答案。选项[B]属于干扰项，但是出题人故意偷梁换柱，将梦影响情绪说成情绪影响梦。选项[C]是“Freud”的理论，选项[D]是70年代的理论。

32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show

作者提及边缘系统是为了说明

[A] its function in our dreams.  它在我们梦中的功能。

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep.  快速眼睛运动睡眠的机制。

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions.  梦和情绪的关系。

[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex..  它和前额皮层的区别。

【答案】 C

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 在第二段第三句中可以找到边缘系统及其含义，然后根据上下文谈论的内容，如上文的“情感大脑”和下文的专家的话，从而判断出答案是选项[C]。其他的三项，文中提到“边缘系统属于情感大脑”，但是并没有说它在梦中的功能，所以选项[A]不正确。文中对快速眼睛运动睡眠只不过给了个简单的词汇解释，并没有对其机制进行任何的讲解，故选项[B]扩大了范围。文中提到“前额皮层”，说它是智力和推理中心，但是没有讲解它和边缘系统的关系，所以选项[D]也属于典型的无中生有型干扰项。

33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to

白天产生的负面的.情绪趋于

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind.  在潜意识里面加剧。

[B] develop into happy dreams.  演变成快乐的梦。

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep.  一直持续到我们睡着。

[D] show up in dreams early at night.  在夜间早些时候出现在梦里。

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 做此题时，要求考生能够根据上下文寻找到正确的事实，“负面情绪”这个词组出处在第三段，在此之前作者有一句非常关键的话“大多数人看上去会在夜间早些时候做噩梦，然后发展成为快乐的梦，表明他们正在力图消除白天产生的负面情绪”。可见选项[A]加剧的说法正好相反，而[C]选项显然显得过早。最大的干扰源于选项[B]和选项[D]之间的联系与区别，很多考生选择了[B]，但是仔细阅读上文就会发现，负面的情绪会在恶梦里面出现，也就是在夜间早些时候出现，但是我们不能直接说负面的情绪直接演变成快乐的梦，而只能说，负面情绪通过恶梦向美梦转变的方式获得消除。所以说这道题目的干扰项[B]是出题人利用偷换概念的方式来迷惑考生的。

34. Cartwright seems to suggest that   卡特怀特似乎认为

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。

及时苏醒对于摆脱噩梦非常重要。

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。

想象噩梦有利于控制它们。

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。

应该让梦自然发展。

[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。

做梦可能未必完全处于无意识状态。

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 通过阅读所有卡特怀特的内容，终于发现可以在第四段第二句卡特怀特所相信的这一部分内容中找到答案的线索。这一段的主旨是“这一过程不一定是无意识的”，紧接着，“卡特怀特相信人能够对屡次出现的噩梦进行有意识的控制，比如：确认你梦中令你不安的事情，想象一下你想如何结束它，以及在下次做同样的梦时醒过来。”作者说这么多

篇10：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(30)

Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad。

This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil。

You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today。

After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology。

People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too。

Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda－to lure us to open our wallets―they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks。

But what we forget―what our economy depends on us forgetting―is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air。

36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that

[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music。

[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings。

[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness。

[D] artists have changed their focus of interest。

37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something

[A] religious.   [B] unpleasant.   [C] entertaining.   [D] commercial。

38. In the author’s opinion, advertising

[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art。

[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public。

[C] replaces the church as a major source of information。

[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself。

39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes

[A].happiness more often than not ends in sadness。

[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing。

[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。

[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms。

40. Which of the following is true of the text?

[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery。

[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality。

[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society。

[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths。

名师解析

36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that

作者引用诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔的例子，其意图是为了表明

[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music。

诗歌对于快乐的表达不如油画和音乐。

[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings。

艺术源于正面和负面情感。

[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness。

今天的诗人对于快乐持较弱的怀疑态度。

[D] artists have changed their focus of interest。

艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点。

【答案】 D

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 题干关键词“华兹华斯和波德莱尔”，定位到第二段最后一句，“as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil”通过第一段的阅读我们得知，艺术家开始关注那些令人不快的情感。而第二段说，“以前不是这样的，绘画，音乐都适合表达快乐，只是19世纪的某个时候，当我们从华兹华斯的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花时，越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看成是乏味的，虚假的，甚至是令人厌倦的。”因此我们可以得出结论，即“艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点”。故正确答案是[D]。[A]不合适的原因是文中没有将诗歌、绘画和音乐对于快乐的表现力进行比较。[B]从字面上来看，似乎是有道理的，但是这不是作者引用二人的目的所在，因为作者强调的是一个重点的转移。选项[C]的说法和第三段第一句的意思相反。

37. The word“bummer”(Line 5. Paragraph 5) most probably means something

“bummer”(第五段第五行)一词的最有可能的含义是

[A] religious.  宗教的             [B] unpleasant.  令人不快的

[C] entertaining.  使人愉快的      [D] commercial.  商业的

【答案】 B

【考点】 词义题。

【分析】 本题考查考生能否根据上下文来推测某个单词意思的能力。根据提示定义到第五段最后一句。第五段说“早期时候的人，生活被苦难包围着。他们工作到筋疲力尽，生活没有保障，寿命很短。最强大的大众传媒教堂也时刻提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。有了这一切，他们的确无需艺术也变成一个‘bummer’”。至此，意思很明了，即他们不再需要增加一个“令他们不快乐的事物”，“bummer”指的就是“something unpleasant”。

38. In the author’s opinion, advertising   在作者看来，广告

[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art.  随着反快乐艺术而出现。

[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public.  是引起公众失望的原因。

[C] replaces the church as a major source of information.  代替了教堂成为主要的'信息来源。

[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 创造快乐的幻觉而不是快乐本身

【答案】 D

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 通过本题关键词“广告”(advertising)可以定位到第四段。作者提到“反快乐的艺术之兴起几乎可以追溯到大众传媒出现的时候，以及伴随大众传媒而出现的商业文化。对商业文化而言，快乐不仅仅是一种理想，更是一种意识形态”。因此[A]可以被排除，因为[A]的说法刚好与原文相反。“in the wake of”的意思就是“紧跟着，随着”。然后再定位到第六段，文章说，“西方人遭受商业信息的狂轰滥炸，而且这些信息总是很快乐。快餐食客，新闻主持人，短消息服务商，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。但是由于这些信息都有着一个自己的‘任务’(agenda)，即，诱惑我们打开钱包”，所以它使得快乐的概念看上去不可靠。后面作者又举了一个药品的例子，说这个药品的宣传很好，但是后来却发现它可能增加心脏病的发病率。综合以上所说，可以看出，广告创造的是快乐的幻觉而不是快乐本身，故正确答案为[D]。[B]没有根据。[C]的错误在于代替教堂的不是广告而是大众传媒。

39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes

从最后一段中我们可以得知作者相信

[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness.

快乐常常以痛苦告终。

[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing。

反快乐艺术令人不快但是使人耳目一新。

[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。

应该

篇11：考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析(13)

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term。

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past。

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in , this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies―to which heavy industry has shifted―have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed。

One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%， and in 1979 by almost 30%。

31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is

[A]global inflation.                   [B]reduction in supply。

[C]fast growth in economy.    [D]Iraq's suspension of exports。

32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if

[A]price of crude rises.          [B]commodity prices rise。

[C]consumption rises.          [D]oil taxes rise。

33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries

[A]heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。

[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。

[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。

[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。

34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that

[A]oil-price shocks are less shocking now。

[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks。

[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices。

[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry。

35. From the text we can see that the writer seems

[A]optimistic.        [B]sensitive.          [C]gloomy.          [D]scared。

名师解析

31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is 最近的油价上涨的主要原因是

[A]global inflation.  全球通货膨胀。

[B]reduction in supply。供应量减少。

[C]fast growth in economy.  快速的经济增长。

[D]Iraq's suspension of exports. 伊拉克暂时停止石油出口。

【答案】  B

【考点】  事实细节题。

【分析】  根据题干可以定位到第一段的第二句话“Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December。”，说明由于石油输出国决定降低供给量，使得油价上升。所以本题的答案是[B]。[D]不是该现象的主要原因，因为“OPEC”的相关决定才是能够影响石油价格的走势的主要原因。

32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if

从文中可以推断出，如果________，汽油的零售价格将会剧烈上升。

[A]price of crude rises.   原油价格上升。

[B]commodity prices rise.   日用品价格上升。

[C]consumption rises.  消费上升。

[D]oil taxes rise.  油税上升。

【答案】  D

【考点】  推断题。

【分析】  根据题干可以定位到第三段的第三句话“In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price，so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past。.”意思是说“在欧洲，税占汽油的零售价的五分之四，因此相比以往，原油的价格变化对汽油的影响不会很明显”。也就是说税的增加会导致汽油价格的猛涨，而原油价格的变化带来的影响不会很大。本题一个理解的难度是“muted effect”，另外一个是“pump price”。“mute”表示“哑巴的，无声的，沉默的”，和“effect”连用，表示“影响不明显”；而“pump price”是一个很形象的说法，“pump”指的是“泵”，这里很形象用“pump”指代“汽油”。根据上述分析，可以得出答案是[D]。

33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries

《经济展望》的评估表明在富国

[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。

重工业变得更加能源密集型。

[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。

收入损失主要由于波动的原油价格造成。

[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。

制造业面临严重影响。

[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。

油价变化对国民生产总值没有大的影响。

【答案】  D

【考点】  推断题。

【分析】  根据本题的关键词“《经济展望》的估计”可以定位到“The OECD estimates in its latest Economic outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP。”。也就是说，油价的上涨对GDP 的影响很小，只有“0.25%―0.5%”。因此我们可以得出答案[D]。

34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that  从文中我们可以得出的结论是

[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now. 油价冲击已经不再那么骇人听闻。

[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. 通货膨胀看起来和油价冲击无关。

[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. 能源储备能够使油价下降。

[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry。

原油价格的上升导致重工业的'萎缩。

【答案】  A

【考点】  文章主旨题。

【分析】  本题的几个选项需要通篇理解。文章第三段指出“油价的经济影响不会那么严重”，作者指出其原因是“原油价格占汽油价格的比例不高，发达国家对石油的依赖减弱，此次涨价的背景不一样了”。文章最后一段说“这次油价上涨与20世纪70年代的上涨不同，对各国的影响也基本没有反映出来，连物价基本都没有变动”，也就是说，油价冲击已经不是那么可怕。所以答案是[A]。

35. From the text we can see that the writer seems  从本文中我们可以看出作者看上去是

[A] optimistic. 乐观的。             [B] sensitive。敏感的。

篇12：考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析(14)

The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects―a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen―is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect。

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient。

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It's like surgery, ”he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide.”

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care。

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life。

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, ”to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse。” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension。”

36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that

[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain。

[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives。

[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。

[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide。

37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?

[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death。

[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery。

[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed。

[D]A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions。

38. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is

[A]prolonged medical procedures。

[B]inadequate treatment of pain。

[C]systematic drug abuse。

[D]insufficient hospital care。

39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7)？

[A]Bold.               [B]Harmful.                [C]Careless.          [D]Desperate。

40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they

[A]manage their patients incompetently。

[B]give patients more medicine than needed。

[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients。

[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients。

名师解析

36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that    从前三段我们得知

[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain。

医生过去常常增加药物剂量来控制病人的病痛。

[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives。

医生帮助病危者结束生命仍然是违法的。

[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。

最高法院强烈反对医助自杀。

[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide。

病人没有宪法赋予的自杀权利。

【答案】  B

【考点】  事实细节题。

【分析】  本题针对第一到第三段的所有内容进行了测试，选项[A]的相关信息可以定位到第三段，但是文中说“近几年医生才用这个原则为自己的行为辩护”。文中无法得出“过去常常”的说法。选项[B]可以定位到第二段，文中提到“宪法没有赋予这样的权利”。所以可以说，本答案是正确的。选项[C]可以定位到第二段，但是法院是支持这样的做法的。至于[D]，显然是错的。

37. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

根据文章，下面哪一个说法是正确的？

[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death。

如果医生冒病人生命的危险，他们将被判有罪。

[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery。

现代医学已经帮助晚期病人进行无痛康复。

[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed。

法院判决，医生可以开大剂量的镇疼药。

[D] A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions。

医生用药是否合法不再取决于他的意图。

【答案】  C

【考点】  事实细节题。

【分析】  由于本题属于事实细节判断题，所以只有对每一个选项都进行辨析。选项[A]可以定位到第五段“Annas”的话。话中提到“只要医生不是想杀死病人，那么他们的死亡就不能被称为谋杀”。因此可以判定[A]不正确。[B]说病危者的无痛康复，在文中没有提到康复问题。[C]可以从第二段中找到，高等法院认为只要医生是出于好意，则可以去做。因此可以得出[C]是正确的。[D]错误是因为事实上，医生的意图在对于行为是否合法上面是非常重要的。

38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is

根据国家科学院(NAS)的报告，临终护理存在的'一个问题是

[A]prolonged medical procedures. 延长了的医疗过程。

[B]inadequate treatment of pain. 对病痛处理不力。

[C]systematic drug abuse. 一贯的药物滥用。

[D]insufficient hospital care.   医院护理不力。

【答案】  B

【考点】  事实细节题。

【分析】  本题可以定位到第七段的第二句话中的“the undertreatment of pain”以及“the aggressive use of‘ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying’”。一个是“对病人的疼痛治疗不力”。另外一个是“强行使用无效的治疗方法延长生命，使得病人的晚期失去尊严”。因此，这里的答案应该是[C]。

39. Which of the following best defines the word“aggressive”(Line 3, Paragraph 7)？

以下哪一个单词最好的解释了单词“aggressive”(第七段第三行)的意思？

[A]Bold.  大胆的。      [B]Harmful.  有害的。

[C]Careless.  粗心的。  [D]Desperate.  绝望的。

【答案】  A

【考点】  词义题。

【分析】  这个单词的所在句“It identifies the undertreatment

篇13：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(24)

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves。

There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers。” But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions。

Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now。

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research―a classic case of “paralysis by analysis。”

To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound。

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death。

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life。

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense。

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

[A] a protector。

[B] a judge。

[C] a critic。

[D] a guide。

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)？

[A] Endless studies kill action。

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth。

[C] Prudent planning hinders progress。

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making。

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants。

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation。

[C] Press for further scientific research。

[D] Take some legislative measures。

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence。

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former。

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former。

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse。

名师解析

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

吸烟的支持者提出的观点是

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death。

没有科学证据证明吸烟和死亡之间存在相互联系。

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant。

在过去的几十年中过早死亡的吸烟者人数不多。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life。

人们有选择自己生活方式的自由。

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense。

反对吸烟的人通常一派胡言。

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 从第一段可以看出，其实支持吸烟的人的理由不止一个，比如证据不够充分，科学也不能确定，反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式等等。[A]选项是出题人故意扩大范围，夸大选项，故意绝对化，原文只是证据不足，而不是没有证据。[B]选项说死亡人数不多，而原文提到的“1,000万”可不是小数字。[D]选项不符合的原因是作者说支持吸烟的人的话是“nonsense”(一派胡言)，而不是反对吸烟的人的话。

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

根据布鲁斯・阿尔伯特的观点，科学能充当

[A] a protector. 保护人。 [B] a judge. 评判人、法官。

[C] a critic. 批评者。    [D] a guide. 向导。

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文章第二段第四句中有这样的话“科学从来都不能够提供所有的答案，但是科学却能够为我们提供通向未来的最佳引导”。

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)？

作者通过“分析性瘫痪症”(第四段最后一行)表达什么意思？

[A] Endless studies kill action. 无穷尽的研究遏制了行动。

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth. 详细的研究揭示了真理。

[C] Prudent planning hinders. 谨慎的计划阻碍了进展。

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making. 广泛的研究帮助决策。

【答案】 A

【考点】 上下文暗示题。

【分析】 文章第四段说“白宫已经开始关注此事，但是总统顾问中的许多人仍然没有认真对待地球变暖问题，他们不但没有制定行动计划，反而继续要求进行更多的研究――这是典型的‘分析性麻痹症’”。也就是总统顾问中的许多人通过分析、研究来拖延行动。所以这里应该选择[A]。

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

根据本文作者的看法，政府对全球变暖应该做些什么？

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.  提供帮助，建造更加清洁的电厂。

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.  提高公众的环保意识。

[C] Press for further scientific research.  敦促更进一步的科学研究。

[D] Take some legislative measures.  采取一些立法的措施。

【答案】 D

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 文章的最后一段里面提到“只有研究是不够的，如果政府不采取法律行动，国会应该开始制定保护措施。”[A]选项很具有干扰性，因为原文中出现了“电厂”的概念，这是出题人根据文章最后两句话“很多人看见国家正在做好准备来修建大量的电厂来满足我们的.能源需求。但是如果我们要保护我们的大气，这些电厂必须是环保的。”来编写的干扰项，采取环保措施是“国会”(congress)做的。[B]选项说政府应该提高公众的环保意识，这一点文章没有提到。[C]选项是显然不对的，因为上文刚说光有研究是不够的。只有[D]选项采取立法措施是“政府”(administration)应该做的。

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

作者把全球变暖和吸烟联系在一起是因为

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence。

它们二者都被政府忽视。

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former。

从后者吸取的教训适用于前者。

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former。

后者的结果恶化了前者。

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse。

它们二者都已经日益恶化。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 本题出题思路是考生能否把握住作者将吸烟和全球变暖问题联系在一起的意图。在第一段，作者提到“几十年前吸烟问题被忽视带来严重后果；而现在这样的忽视又发生在全球变暖问

篇14：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(29)

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。

Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now。

Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business。

31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment。

[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared。

[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today。

[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones。

32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that

[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%。

[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago。

[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount。

[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old。

33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)， Dr. Worm means that

[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly。

[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded。

[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss。

[D] the data collected so far are out of date。.

34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that

[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time。

[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass。

[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level。

[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation。

35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’

[A] management efficiency。

[B] biomass level。

[C] catch-size limits。

[D] technological application。

名师解析

31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

提及大型史前动物的灭绝是为了说明

[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment。

大型动物容易受到环境变化的影响。

[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared。

当大型动物消失的时候小型物种存活了下来。

[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today。

大型海洋动物今天面临相同的威胁。

[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones。

成长缓慢的鱼要比成长快速的鱼活得长。

【答案】 C

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 通过题干关键词“大型史前动物的灭绝”可以定位到第一段。作者提到它们的灭绝是由于人类的捕杀，作者在第一段最后一句提到，“如今类似的事情可能会发生在海洋中”。因此可以得出结论，即，作者是为了引用大型史前动物的灭绝来引出海洋物种同样面临着由于人类过度捕捞而灭绝的这个话题，故正确答案是[C]。[A]、[B]、[D]选项都没有能够表达出作者的这个意图，而只是很浅层去分析表象。

32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that

从迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士的论文中我们可以推断出

[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%。

一些老渔场里大型捕食类鱼种的贮存量已经减少了90%。

[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago。

现在渔场的数量只有前数量的`一半。

[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount。

新的渔场中的捕捉数量是原来数量的20%。

[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old。

新的渔场里大型捕食类鱼种的数目下降比旧的渔场快。

【答案】 A

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 根据题干关键词“Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper”可以定位到第二段最后一句，“根据他们发表在《自然》杂志上的最新论文，一个新的渔场在被开发后的15年中大型捕食类鱼种的生物量平均减少了80%。在有些长期捕捞的地区，自那以后，这个数量又减少了一半。”本句的理解难点就是“In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。”这句话里面的“since”从什么时间开始计算，影响本题的解答。“since”指的是从15年结束后开始算呢，还是从15年的第一年开始算。如果是前者，则答案是[A]，因为新的平均下降80%，然后又下降了一半，这个意思就是一共下降了90%；如果是后者，则得出旧渔场大型捕食类鱼种的减少速度低于新渔场，而且只有50%。“since”接时间，后面必须是一个时间点。如果“since”后面接的不是一个时间点而是时间段，则从该时间段结束的时候开始算。例句：“It has been 10 years since I lived in Beijing。”这句话的意思不是“我在北京十年了”，而是“我离开北京十年了”。因此本题的正确答案是[A]。“since”接的是15年结束后的那个点；而且这句话里面还有一个很关键的词“again”(再次)，也很明显说明这里指的是“在下降80%之后，又再次减少了一半”，即“余下的20%又减少了一半，只剩下10%”。

33. By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line 1, Paragraph 3)， Dr worm means that

沃尔姆博士说“these figures are conservative”(第三段第一行)，他的意思是

[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly.  捕鱼的技术已经得到快速提高。

[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded.  捕鱼量比实际记录的少。

[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.  海洋生物量已经蒙受了更大的损失。

[D] the data collected so far are out of date.  目前收集的数据已经过时了。

【答案】 C

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 根据关键词“conservative”的提示定位到第三段第一句。作者说“这个数据是保守的，因为捕鱼的技术已经提高了。卫星和声纳定位仪都用上了。这就意味着现在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕捞了。现在和过去的真正差异可能比通过捕捞记录的反映出来的差异更要糟糕。”接下来的一句话的意思是“以前一些抓不住的海洋生物现在都可以抓住了，以前被鲨鱼抢走的，现在由于鲨鱼都不见了，自然被捕捞的就更多了。”作者同时提到，“由于以前

篇15：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(26)

Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English。

Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”， for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English。

But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”， has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft。

Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive―there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper。

Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms―he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one。

36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English

[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms。

[B] is but all too natural in language development。

[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture。

[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s。

37. The word “talking” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes

[A] modesty. [B]personality.  [C]liveliness.  [D]informality。

38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?

[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。

[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。

[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。

[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。

39. The deion of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s

[A] interest in their language.      [B] appreciation of their efforts。

[C] admiration for their memory.   [D]contempt for their old-fashionedness。

40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as

[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”。

[B] “radical ”is to “conservative”。

[C] “functional ” is to “artistic”。

[D] “humble” is to “noble”。

名师解析

36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English

根据麦克沃特所言， 正式英语的衰退

[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms.  在激进的教育改革中是不可避免的。

[B] is but all too natural in language development.  在语言的发展中实属自然。

[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.  造成了对反文化潮流的争议。

[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.  带来了20世纪60年代公众态度的变化。

【答案】 B

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 第二段的第二句中作者提到麦克沃特，诸如“he sees gradual disappearance of ‘whom’, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English，”就是要求考生能够理解出正式英语在语言发展中衰退的自然性。选项[A]中提到的激进的教育在文章的最后一段中可以找到“Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms―he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful。”这句话具有很强的干扰，主要是因为一些考生喜欢直接阅读，而不是先看题目，看到后面反而重点不够突出，似是而非。出题人常用的一个方法就是将一些文章中出现但是实际上没有必然联系的内容揉杂在一起，起到很大的干扰。其实文章中根本没有提到二者有什么关系，只是顺带说他没有提议用激进的教育来改变正式英语衰退的趋势。选项[C]说对反文化有争议，从文中可以看出，将正式英语的衰退归咎于反文化并不会引起什么争议，没有人会认为反文化使得正式英语得到了发展。选项[D]说正式英语的衰退导致公众态度的变化，这样的说法属于典型的因果倒置。出题人意图利用考生临场考试时不稳定的心理状态来干扰考生，看其能否正确理解文章的大意。如果考生不能够养成良好的考试习惯，往往会花费很多额外的时间，因为很多时候，我们只需要知道正确答案是什么，而无需知道也没有时间来分析其他选项错在哪里。

37. The word“talking”(Line 6, Paragraph3) denotes  “talking”(第三段第六行)一词表示

[A] modesty. 谦虚。           [B] personality. 个性。

[C] liveliness. 活泼。             [D] informality. 非正式。

【答案】 D

【考点】 语义题。

【分析】 考生必须利用上下文推测单词意思，在原文中首先找到这句话，然后仔细研读，最后才能够体会出这个单词的意思。第三段首先提到“做我们自己的事情”的结果是规范的演讲、作品、诗歌和音乐的死亡。然后提到在20世纪60年代以前那些受过一般教育的人在写作时都用比较高雅的语气，最后又说那些被认为是最重要的作品都试图表现出口语的特色，“talking”战胜了演讲，即兴战胜了技巧。而口语化的`特点就是非正式。

38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?

下列哪一种说法麦克沃特最有可能会同意？

[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。

逻辑思维并不必然与我们说话的方式相关。

[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。

黑人所使用的英语可能比正式英语更有表现力。

[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。

人类的各种各样非标准的语言一样有趣。

[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。

在英语的各种变体中，标准英语最能表达复杂的思想。

【答案】 A

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 在第四段第四句话中，我们可以看到，麦克沃特认为所有人类语言，包括黑人的非标准英语，都具有很强的表现力。[B]选项中提到黑人使用的英语，但是说这种英语比正式英语更具有表现力是显然夸大了范围。[D]选项认为正式英语最能够表达复杂的思想，也犯了同样的错误。紧接着作者提到麦克沃特不认为因为我们不能很好地说话我们就不能正确地进行思考。这句话正好应了[A]选项，即正确的逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关。因此选项[A]是正确的。[C]的说法与原文完全不符合。

39. The deion of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s

就俄罗斯人喜欢记忆诗歌的描述显示出作者

[A] interest in their language.  对他们的语言感兴趣。

[B] appreciation of their efforts.  欣赏他们的努力。

[C] admiration for their memory.  对他们记忆力的仰慕。

[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness.

篇16：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(23)

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”， with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well。

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “good and services” than males。

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different。

In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin。

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question。

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

[A] posing a contrast。

[B] justifying an assumption。

[C]making a comparison。

[D]explaining a phenomenon。

22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Paragraph 1) implies that

[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals。

[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature。

[C]monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other。

[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions。

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

[A]more inclined to weigh what they get。

[B]attentive to researchers’ instructions。

[C]nice in both appearance and temperament。

[D]more generous than their male companions。

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

[A]prefer grapes to cucumbers。

[B]can be taught to exchange things。

[C]will not be co-operative if feeling cheated。

[D]are unhappy when separated from others。

25. When can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions。

[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source。

[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as human do。

[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild。

名师解析

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by  第一段，作者引入主题是通过

[A] posing a contrast.  提出一个对照。

[B] justifying an assumption.  证明假定是正确的。

[C] making a comparison.  作出一个比较。

[D] explaining a phenomenon  解释一个现象。

【答案】 C

【考点】 写作手法题。

【分析】 从题目入手可以节约时间，增强阅读目的性，有的放矢。第一题的题目告诉我们需要先确定主题。如前所述，一段文章的主题同样可能就隐藏在一句关键的话中。从文章第一段讲人会因为不公平而愤怒，推导动物会不会呢？有人认为不会，但是科学研究表明猴子同样会。这就是关键句，这就是作者要讨论的主题。[A]选项表示对比，相反或不同，可是文章说的是猴与人类似，所以不选。[B]选项原文提出的假定原本是人与猴不一样，所以这个答案不对。[D]选项解释现象，这个说法不能够将开头和主题的内在联系结合起来。

22. The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line, Paragraph l) implies that

“太猴子化”(第一段最后一行)这一说法的言下之意是

[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals。

猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。

[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature。

痛恨不公平也是猴子的本性。

[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other。

猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。

[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions。

除了猴子以外，没有动物能够产生出这样的感情。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 由于题目表面看上去是问一个词组的意思，所以很多人纠缠在字面意义上。实际上，考生只有先理解“all too human”然后才能够理解“all too monkey”。[A]选项谈到“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。”文章中开篇的时候只是说人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，所以不选。[C]选项说“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。”这个选项是最大的干扰项。在对文章经过仔细的'阅读后，考生可以发现，作者的主题就是要告诉大家“对不公平的痛恨猴子也会”。这个选项在程度上超过了我们的需要。[D]“除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情。”这个说法如果断章取义也有可能会被错选，但是只有结合上文的逻辑顺序就能够去除这个干扰项。

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

母卷尾猴最有可能被选为研究对象的原因是它们

[A] more inclined to weigh what they get.  更加倾向于权衡它们之所得。

[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions.  关注研究人员的指导。

[C] nice in both appearance and temperament.  有好的外表和脾气。

[D] more generous than their male companions.  比公猴更加慷慨。

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 第三段第一句“Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study。”正好回答了这个问题。考生应该立即意识到“such characteristics”指的是第二段中“They look cute(可爱). They are good-natured(脾气好)， co-operative(合作)creatures, and they share their food readily(共享食物). Above all(最重要的是)， like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’than males。”如果考生对最后一句话仔细研究一下，就会发现这句话中的“密切关注它们获得的东西”其实就是“权衡它们获得的东西”的意思。而且这是首要的，有“above all”为证明。这里有一个阅读技巧，即注意“such”一词。当“such”出现在某段某句中作定语时，表示的意思是“如此的，这样的”。请考生务必到前文去寻找该词的实际指代内容。切记！[B]这个意思也不错，因为文中有“cooperative”，可惜这不是最重要的。[C]文中也提到了，但是仍然不是最重要的。[D]选项是出题人自己编的。

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal最终在他们的研究中发现猴子

[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers.  喜欢葡萄胜过黄瓜。

[B] can be taught to exchange things.  可以被训练来交换东西。

[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.  如果感觉被欺骗，就不会合作。

[D] are unha

篇17：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(三)

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(三)

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may beDeven admitting that the theory on which it is based may be rightDit can hardly be classed as Literature。

This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will。

Certainly their deions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river―and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “ Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

19. This passage is mainly____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art

[B]a review of Futurist poetry

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement

[D]about laws and requirements of literature

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

[A]determine its purposes

[B]ignore its flaws

[C]follow the new fashions

[D]accept the principles

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

[A]increase the production of literature

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

[C]develop new modes of expression

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____。

[A]based on reasonable principles

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

名师解析

19. This passage is mainly____.  本文中心思想是____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art  对新的艺术理论的调查

[B]a review of Futurist poetry  对未来派诗歌的评论

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement  有关未来派运动的优点

[D]about laws and requirements of literature  有关文学的规则和要求

【答案】 B

【考点】 文章主旨题。

【分析】 本文第一段提到“至于未来派诗歌，情况却有点难，因为即使承认未来派诗歌理论根据可能正确，无论它是怎样的，也很难称之为文学”。第二段提到“未来主义者声称，这种加速的生活需要一种新的表达方式。如果我们想解释现代社会的压力，就必须加快文学的速度”。第三段例举了一个未来文学的例子，指出其难以接受。最后一段仍然是对未来文学的批评。因此我们看出本文是一篇文学评论，而且是对未来文学的评论。只有选择[B]。

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

当出现一个新的文学理念时，人们应该努力_____。

[A]determine its purposes  确定它的目标

[B]ignore its flaws  忽视它的缺陷

[C]follow the new fashions  跟随这个新的潮流

[D]accept the principles  接受原则

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 本题可以定位到第一段第一句“每当一个新艺术思潮达到一定流行程度时，(在评价它之前)最好先找出其倡导者的目的”。

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

未来主义者声称我们必须____。

[A]increase the production of literature  加大文学的产出

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress  用诗歌来减轻现代的压力

[C]develop new modes of expression  开发出新的表达方式

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs  避免使用形容词和动词

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 根据题干，我们无法定位到任何一段，只能通过具体的选项来做具体的判断。[A]选项错误，文中并没有提到要加大文学的产出，虽然文中提到“如果我们想解释现代社会的压力，就必须加快文学的速度。”但是这句话的意思不是要加大文学的产出，而是加快文学的节奏。[B]选项错误，因为文中在提到压力的时候，只是说“解释”(interpret)压力，而没有说用诗歌来减轻现代的压力。[D]选项错误，文中提到形容词和动词的地方是第二段“我们必须大量使用基本词汇，不受句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的限制”这一句。但是并没有说避免使用形容词和动词。[C]选项“开发出新的表达方式”这个说法合适，因为文中第二段提到“未来主义者声称，这种加速的生活需要一种新的表达方式”。

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.  作者相信未来派诗歌是_____。

[A]based on reasonable principles  根据合理的原则

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people  对普通人而言是新的可接受的

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature  显示出人性中基本的变化

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

与其说是文学不如说是一种暂时的现象

【答案】 D

【考点】 中心主旨题。

【分析】 在本文最后一段，作者说“没有一个善于思考的人会拒绝接受他们的首要主张，即情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗？”这个问题实际上就已经否定了未来主义者的`首要主张，即他们对历史和现实的认识是不正确的，所以其理论根据是站不住脚的。所以说未来派诗歌并没有稳定的理论基础，只是一个暂时的现象。

难句解析：

1. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

【结构分析】 本句可以分为两个部分，“for”为分界词。在前半部分中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”引导的不定式短语，这个短语中又出现了一个宾语从句。“when”引导一个状语从句，表示时间。后半句中“it”仍然是形式主语，“that”引导一个主语从句。“however”引导一个让步状语从句。

2. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature。

【结构分析】 本句是一个因果关系的并列句。前一个分句的主句是“the case is rather difficult”，其中“however”表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系；原因为“for”之后的部分，其中破折号之间的部分是插入语，表示一种让步，“on which it is based”是“the theory”的定语从句，“it”指代“Futurist poetry”。

3. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river―and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

【结构分析】 本句“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to read”及后面的宾语从句和“to find”及其后面的宾语从句。“read”的宾语从句是“that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river”；“find”的宾语从句是“that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: ‘Pluff! Pluff! A hundred an

篇18：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(一)

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(一)

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas。

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States。”

11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。

[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____。

[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

13. What can be inferred from the passage?

[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development。

14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____。

[A]turning of the business cycle

[B]restructuring of industry

[C]improved business management

[D]success in education

名师解析

11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。

美国在二战后取得优势地位是因为_____。

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。

它为该目标付出了艰巨的努力。

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before。

它的国内市场比以前大八倍。

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors。

战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济。

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy。

它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推动力。

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 第一段指出，“二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是[A]。

12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____。

上个世纪80年代美国优势地位的丧失可以从美国_______事实中看出来。

[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

电视工业已经退到国内市场

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

半导体产业已经被外国公司接管

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

机床业已经自取灭亡

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

汽车工业已经丧失了部分国内市场

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 [A]选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商。(现在这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电器公司收购。)”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。[B]选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“在一段时间内，半导体制造业似乎要成为下一个受害者”，可是事实上没有。[C]选项中谈到的机床业已经自取灭亡的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(on the ropes)，但是还没有灭亡呢。[D]是合适的'，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。

13. What can be inferred from the passage?

从本文中可以推断出哪个选项？

[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

在自我怀疑和盲目骄傲之间摇摆是人的本性。

[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。

[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

经济的复苏依靠国际的合作。

[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development。

一个长期成功的经历会为进一步的发展铺平道路。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 第三段提到，“所有这一切导致了信心危机。美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始怀疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也怀疑不久他们的收入就会下降。20世纪80年代中期对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。那些有时耸人听闻的结果中充满着对来自国外的加剧的经济竞争的警告”。第四段提到了“90年代的经济复苏。其中的含义是：在竞争的压力下，美国人在80年代产业结构调整，美国的工业已经改变了结构，消除了滞胀，学会了急智，因此带来了90年代的经济复苏”。因此可以得出激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。另外三个选项都不合适。

14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____。

作者似乎相信美国经济在上个世纪90年代的复苏可以归结于____。

[A]turning of the business cycle   经济周期的转折

[B]restructuring of industry   行业重组

[C]improved business management  改善了的工商管理

[D]success in education  教育的成功

【答案】 A

【考点】 作者观点题。

【分析】 在第四段，作者指出，“1995年，美国可以对过去5年的稳步发展作一回顾，而日本还在奋力挣扎。很少有美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代”。这里作者实际上对当前美国人的盲目乐观情绪进行了批评，认为90年代的增长是由美元贬值或经济周期的转机等因

篇19：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十六)

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十六)

Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage-spying as a “profession。” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well。

The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world。

Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com。

Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine。“As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we'll hear back from some of them。” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep。

Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice。

21. The emergence of the Net has

[A] received support from fans like Donovan。

[B] remolded the intelligence services.

[C] restored many common pastimes。

[D] revived spying as a profession。

22. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to

[A] introduce the topic of online spying。

[B] show how he fought for the U.S。

[C] give an episode of the information war。

[D] honor his unique services to the CIA。

23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means

[A] causing the biggest trouble。

[B] exerting the greatest effort。

[C] achieving the greatest success。

[D] enjoying the widest popularity。

24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that

[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.

[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.

[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.

[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information。

25. Straitford is most proud of its

[A] official status.

[B] nonconformist image。

[C] efficient staff.

[D] military background。

名师解析

21. The emergence of the Net has  网络的出现已经

[A] received support from fans like Donovan.  得到了多诺文这样的爱好者的支持。

[B] remolded the intelligence services.  重新塑造了情报业。

[C] restored many common pastimes.  恢复了许多常见的娱乐活动。

[D] revived spying as a profession.  使情报业成为一个职业。

【答案】  B

【考点】  事实细节题。

【分析】  第一段最后一句话“These days the Net, which has remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well。”从上文中我们已经得知“Donovan’s vocation”指的就是“spying”(间谍)，也就是“intelligence services”(情报行业)。关键在于对“reshape”一词的理解，它的含义是“重新塑造”。[B]其实就是原文的另一种表述方式。“remold”就是“reshape”的意思，都表示“重新塑造，改造”。干扰项“revive”的意思是“(使)苏醒， (使)复兴， (使)复活， (使)再生效， 回想”，言下之意是将某一样已灭亡或已很脆弱的东西重新复活或者复兴。而第一段并没有提到间谍行业曾经消失的信息，从第二段中我们了解到互联网推动了情报行业的发展，也没有找到任何关于情报行业曾经中断的内容，所以[D]的说法是不正确的。[C]“restore”的含义是“使恢复， 使回复”，言下之意是将原来不完整的或者破碎的东西给复原。原文中没有提到。[A]的错误在于对第一句话的误读。“would have loved”表示虚拟语气，是对当时情况的一种假设，而这种假设的情况在当时是不存在的。这句话的真实意思是：如果“疯狂的Bill Donovan还在世的话，他会爱上互联网的”。可见“Donovan”在世的时候并没有互联网，所以[A]将“Donovan”说成是“互联网的爱好者”的说法是错误的。

22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to  本文提到多诺文的故事是为了

[A] introduce the topic of online spying.  引出网络间谍这个话题。

[B] show how he fought for the U.S..  显示多诺文如何为美国效力的。

[C] give an episode of the information war.  提供情报战的一个片断。

[D] honor his unique services to the CIA.  表彰他为中情局所作的独特贡献。

【答案】  A

【考点】  作者意图题。

【分析】  本文提到比尔・多诺文只有第一段，而文章的中心思想讲的是“情报工作”和“互联网”的关系，以及“情报工作”在网络时代的巨大变化等等。由此不难看出，多诺文作为一个间谍只是为文章展开讨论前提供了一个引子，因此[A]为正确答案。

23. The phrase“making the biggest splash”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means

短语“making the biggest splash”(第三段第一行)的意思很有可能是

[A] causing the biggest trouble.  造成最大的麻烦。

[B] exerting the greatest effort.  付出最大的努力。

[C] achieving the greatest success.  取得最大的成功。

[D] enjoying the widest popularity.  受到最广泛的欢迎。

【答案】  C

【考点】  词义题。

【分析】  考生应该能够根据上下文对“make a splash”这个短语进行合理的.推理。在中情局举办的一次比赛中“Straitford”公司获胜了，被认为是“make a splash”，因此可见这里的逻辑很清楚，即“成功”和“make a splash”的意思是非常接近的。由此可以推断出[C]是正确的。

24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that  从第四段中我们可以得知

[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true。

Straitford公司关于乌克兰的预测被证明是正确的。

[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.

Straitford公司担保它提供的信息的真实性。

[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability。

Straitford公司的经营的一个特点是不可预测性。

[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.

Straitford公司能够提供相当可靠的信息。

【答案】  D

【考点】  推断题。

【分析】  第四段首句指出“该公司的总裁乔治・弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两者之间相互增强的工具，这就是间谍们的梦想。上周，他的公司正在收集从远在世界的另一角落传来的零散的信息，预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。弗莱德曼以前是政治科学教授，他说：‘一旦这个报道公布，我们将从乌克兰突然新增500个注册用户，我们将听到其中一些人的回应。’当然开放源的间谍活动的确有它的风险，因为

篇20：考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(四)

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(四)

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next。

The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。

While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression。“Those things that do not show up in the test scores―personality, ability, courage or humanityDare completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee。“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild。” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡ had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents。”

But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “ In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure。” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter。

23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was_____。

[A]under aimless development

[B]a positive example

[C]a rival to the West

[D]on the decline

24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?

[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited。

[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs。

[C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。

[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values。

25. Which of the following is true according to the author?

[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder

[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity。

[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity。

[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking。

26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____。

[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life。

[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S。

[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before

[D]the Japanese appreciate their present life

名师解析

23. In the Westerners’eyes, the postwar Japan was_____.

在西方人看来，战后的日本是_____。

[A]under aimless development  盲目发展

[B]a positive example   一个积极的例子

[C]a rival to the West   西方的竞争对手

[D]on the decline  在衰退中

【答案】 B

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文章第一段第一句就指出，“盲目性不是战后日本的特色，它的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所羡慕。”也就是说是一个积极的正面的例子。[A]违反了第一句。[C]选项和[D]选项不是本文谈论的话题。

24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?

根据本文作者的观点，日本社会道德滑坡的主要原因是什么？

[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.

妇女参加社会活动受到限制。

[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs。

越来越多的`工人对自己的工作感到不满。

[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。

过多地注重基础教育。

[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values。

生活方式受西方价值观的影响。

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文中第一段指出日本人正在逐渐经历传统工作道德价值观的日益滑坡，说“十年前，年轻人工作努力，将工作看作是生存(being)的重要动力”，但是，日本目前在很大程度上满足了其经济发展的需要，年轻人反而不知道下一步的发展目标了。具体提到道德滑坡是在第三段，文中提到校园暴力，提到“保守党领导人正在力图重新重视战前那种道德教育”，“Mitsuo Setoyama”更是冒出“惊人之语”(raise the eyebrows)，他坚持认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”。而在下文，作者更是直接提出，“但是，这可能和日本人的生活方式关系更大。人们已经抛弃了社区和大家庭，而更加喜欢单门独户的两代人构成的家庭，旧的集体和家庭价值观被削弱”。由此可见，本题的答案就是[D]选项。

25. Which of the following is true according to the author?

在作者看来，以下哪一个是正确的？

[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder。

日本的教育受人称道，因为它有助于年轻人攀登社会阶梯。

[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity。

日本教育的特点就是既有机械性的学习又有创造力的培养。

[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity。

应该更加强调创造力的培养上。

[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking。

辍学导致了对应试的挫折感。

【答案】 C

【考点】 作者观点题。

【分析】 [A]说法是错误的，因为日本的教育受到外国人赞赏的原因是“它强调整础教育”。[B]说法是错误的，因为文中提到“它强调考试和机械学习而不是创造性和自我表现”。[C]是正确的，因为文中提到“它强调考试和机械学习超过创造性和自我表现”。“那些在考分中不能体现的东西――个性、能力、勇气或人性――完全被忽视了，”执政的自民党教育委员会主席“Toshiki Kaifu”说，“这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及变得狂野”，这说明日本应该更加强调创造力的培养。[D]的说法是错误的，因为文中说“这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及变得狂野”，该选项故意混淆了原因和结果。

26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____.

日本人生活方式的变化体现在下面的         一个事实中。

[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life

年轻人对现实生活中困苦的忍受力下降

[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S。

日本的离婚率超过美国的

[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before

日本人忍受的东西比以前更多了

[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life

日本人欣赏他们目前的生活

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文中提到教育家“Yoko Muro”。他说“在日本，你喜欢不喜欢自己的工作和生活，这从来都不是问题，问题是你有多大的承受力”。然后在最后一段里面提到“家庭结构的改变，旧的集体和家庭价值观的削弱，人们的不满凸现”。也

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