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考研英语阅读题解析

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“ETC李灿”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇考研英语阅读题解析，以下是小编精心整理后的考研英语阅读题解析，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

考研英语阅读题解析

篇1：考研英语阅读题解析

考研英语阅读题解析

PART 1

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

▲闪光词组

描述伟人的典型生活：recount the exemplary lives of great men

强调古典英雄的美德：highlight the virtue of classical heroes

征服命运、奋斗到社会顶层：conquer fortune and rise to the top

宣扬狡诈、无情和无耻：champion cunning , ruthlessness , and boldness

正直、仁慈和公正：virtue , mercy and justice

▲长难句翻译

In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes.

1337年，Petrarch 开始撰写杂文《名人传》，强调古典英雄的美德。

PART 2

“Universal history ， the history of what man has accomplished in this world , is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here ,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well , not any more it is not . Suddenly , Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorte historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze , but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past : less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain . Today , we want empathy , not inspiration.

▲闪光词组

实质上：be at bottom

可能只是：could be no more than X

一时的文学热潮：a passing literary craze

了解过去：approach the past

需要共鸣，而不是启示：want empathy , not inspiration

▲长难句翻译

This could be no more than a passing literary craze , but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past : less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain .

这可能只是一时的.文学热潮，但同时也揭示了一个更为广泛的真理，指导我们现在应该如何了解过去：不那么着重与向前人学习，对感受他们的痛苦更感兴趣。

篇2：考研英语阅读真题句子解析

考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析（81）

The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

译文：作为环境研究的先驱者，斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich认为，科学的真正的敌人是那些对全球变暖、臭氧层稀薄和工业发展带来的其他后果表示怀疑的人。

分析：这个句子主语和谓语成了类似插入语的成分，插在了句子中间，表明的是发表这个观点的是什么人(姓名与身份)。而该句的主要内容在于argue所跟的宾语从句。这个宾语从句中的宾语those有一个who引导的较长的定语从句，其中who是主语，question是谓语，the evidence是宾语，宾语后面跟的现在分词短语修饰的是evidence，这个现在分词supporting后面跟了三个并列宾语。

【词汇指南】

摘自《十天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘文涛)

Stanford University 美国斯坦福大学

environmental [in,vairn'mentl](adj.)环境的;有关环境(保护)的(CET-6、考研词汇)(-阅读3)(al-形容词后缀)

考点搭配：be environmentally sound 无害环境的(-阅读2)

question['kwestn](n.)问题,疑问(v.)询问,探问;质疑(中考词汇)(20-阅读2、-阅读2、20-阅读4)

1个派生词：

● questionable ['kwestnbl](adj.)可疑的,不可靠的;成问题的(CET-6、考研词汇)(-阅读1)(question-问题,疑问，able-可以的 → 可疑的,不可靠的;成问题的)

support [s'p:t](vt.)支撑;支持,拥护;供养(高考词汇)(-阅读1、-阅读4)(sup-下，port-词根,拿来 → 从“下面”拿住、保持住——即“支撑”，引申为“支持,拥护;供养”。因为“供养”说白了就是“支撑”、养活家庭。近义词：sustain)

考点搭配：receive support from 获得…的支持(20-阅读1)

1个派生词：

● supportive [s'p:tiv](adj.)支撑的;支持的(年-阅读3、-阅读2、-阅读2、-阅读3、-阅读4)

考点搭配：

supportive adult 提供支持的成年人(2003年-完型)

be supportive of 支持…(20-阅读2)

lay [lei](vt.)放置,铺设;设置;躺下(中考词汇)(20-阅读3)(la=land-土地,地面;y=ify-动词后缀 → 放在地上——即“放置,铺设”，引申为“设置”和“躺下”。)

考点搭配：get laid off 解雇，下岗(年-阅读3)(注意，laid是lay的过去式和过去分词)

industry ['indstri](n.)① 工业;产业,行业 ② 勤奋(中考词汇)(2003年-阅读1、年-阅读2、2007年-阅读4、20-阅读1、年-阅读2)(in-向里，dust-灰尘,烟尘，ry-名词后缀 → 向空气中排放大量的烟尘——即“工业”，引申为“产业,行业”。而该词之所以还表示“勤奋”，源于工业社会，人人勤奋，惰者淘汰!)

考点搭配：

auto industry 汽车工业(2007年-阅读3)

data-rich industries 数据丰富的行业(2007年-阅读4)

building industry 建筑行业(-阅读3)

1个派生词：

ɡrow[ɡru](v.)生长,发育;发展;成为(中考词汇)(2013年-阅读3)(有学者认为，该词具有象形色彩。其中，ɡ-花蕊，r-小草，o-太阳，w-水 → 在太阳和雨水的滋润下，花蕊和小草茁壮“生长”，后引申为“发展”和“成为”。)

考点搭配：

slow-growing animals 生长缓慢的动物(2006年-阅读3)

a growing number of越来越多的(2013年-阅读3)

1个派生词：

●ɡrowth [ɡruθ](n.)生长,发育;增长,发展(高考词汇)(年-阅读3)(该词是ɡrow的名词形式，th-名词后缀)

篇3：解析考研英语（一）真题阅读

TEXT2

考研英语已在26日下午落下帷幕，今年英一考题的传统阅读部分在选项设计方面难度与往年持平。下面笔者就阅读第二篇进行深度解析。

第二篇阅读选自月15日the guardian发表的名为“Actionable Business Architecture for Smarter Cities”的文章，就题材来说属于商业经济类，主要内容是英国社会中民众以及党派对于城镇和乡村建设的不同看法与政策。

文章后五道考题中两道细节题，一道推理题，两道态度题，其比例与往年第二篇相比趋于稳定，但在难度上略有下降。

首先是第26题是一道细节题。根据题干“英国大众对于乡村的观点”，可定位于文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将“乡村”和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列选为英国让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。A选项“is not well reflected in politics”在政治中没有得到很好的体现是对原文意思的同义替换，故选A。

第27题也是一道细节题。根据题干很明确能回文定位到文章第二段。该段通过第一句的“a century ago”和后面的“later”可知是在做古今对比。题干中问的是“now”，所以重点锁定在对比中的后半部分，而这部分中“They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.”一句表明现在的National Trust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已经消失了。D选项 gradually destroyed正是对这一意思的表述，故选D。

第28题同样是一道推理判断题。回文定位到第三段，该段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点(及第一段中提到的观点)的态度：基本都不赞同。最后一部分“only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land”该句说明只有Ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。C选项正是对原文的同义置换，故选C。

第29题是一道观点态度题，根据George Osborne 可以定位到文中第五段。文中提到George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. 后面一句还提到He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. 通过这两句话可以看出GO是比较喜欢rural的，而通过两个against 则可以看出对urban areas的prejudice. 故选择D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas

该篇最后一道观点态度题，根据最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句Development should be planned, not let trip, 说明发展是要有计划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲Britain经过半个世纪the town-and-country planning有计划的发展，取得了很好的成效。故选择C the town-and-country planning Britain

TEXT3

2016考研英语已在26号下午落下帷幕，今年英一考题的传统阅读部分在选项设计方面与往年难度没有大的波动。下面笔者就阅读第三篇进行深度解析。

第二篇阅读选自7月23日的Economist上发表的名为“Do-gooding policies help firms when they get prosecuted”的文章，就题材来说属于社会经济类，主要内容是探讨企业社会责任的承担程度对于公司的影响。

文章后五道考题中涉及一道观点态度题，一道词义推测题，三道细节分析题，其比例与往年相比基本持平，在题干设置上难度不大。

首先是31题是作者的观点态度题，这也是我们在钻石卡vip课程中多次强调的观点处常设考题。答案是A项。大家可以看到题干中关键信息“Milton Friedman”以及CRS,那么回到文章首段即可定位，“That is, …its profits.” But even if you … things may not be absolutely clear-act.该段落包含题干中的所有信息，高度吻合，同时出现things may not be absolutely clear-act.那么可以确定答案一定在此处，大家把ABCD四个选项都看一下，回归词句话进行比对，那么看到clear-cut,其实就是Uncertainty的完美替换，毫不纠结的选A。

32题，细节定位题，答案选D，本题难度不大，直接回到第二段定位，从First, second, third 几条罗列信息当中，可以看到1take CSR spending as a “signal”…2. customers may be willing to buy…3. earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.可以排除其他选项，得出D项是正解。

33题，该题是词义推测题，答案选D。题干中明确指出Line 2 Para 4,那么我们直接回归文本第四段第二行，看到more lenient penalties，那么往下看，根据我们VIP课上讲的答案出现处在三句话以内，那么看到 that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines. 我们看到 lower fines，fines 与penalties 对应，那么lower 就和more lenient的意思一致，看选项ABCD，一一比对，不难得出答案D。

34题，仍然是细节分析题，答案选C该题难度比较大，它并不是直接的细节锁定，而是需要在几个段落中提取正确答案，考生多在CD两个之间纠结，根据题干信息，可以定位到文章三四段，It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect. D项可以直接排除，A项文中没有说，B项表达恰好相反，接着看，倒数第二段中出现they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR.根据三四五段中的细节拼凑，可以得出C是正解。

35题，细节定位题，答案选C。根据题干要求，锁定关键信息，一个是CRS，一个是Last Para.那么迅速回归文本最后一段，然后对ABCD四个选项进行一一比对，A选项 its negative effects on business…overlooked文中没有提及negative effect 而是 halo effect ，光环效应，再次overlooked也没体现。B选项，干扰项，文章没有说 financial capacity. D选项，很多同学选了该选项，看似正确，但回到文章定位，信息是“Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect”所以说是否带来了benefits，并未可知，再看D项是banking industry,偷换概念，所以大家一定要精确定位。

自己满意的成绩。最后预祝大家金榜题名!

篇4：考研英语（一）真题阅读解析

2016考研英语已在26日下午落下帷幕，今年英一考题的传统阅读部分在选项设计方面难度略有增加。下面笔者就阅读第一篇进行深度解析。

第一篇阅读选自204月5日The Christian Science Monitor发表的名为“A Challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals”的文章，就题材来说属于社会生活类，文章紧贴生活，与人们关注的健康时尚紧密相关，文中指出现在时尚界反对使用过于细瘦苗条的模特，更加注重均衡健康。这一时尚新观念也值得我们学习。

文章5道考题中两道推理题，一道猜词题，一道细节题，一道主旨大意题。其比例与往年第一篇以事实细节题为主，题型设置有一定变化，在难度上略有增加。

首先第21题是一道推理题。根据题干关键词first paragraph定位第一段，其中第一句France ,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国承认已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利，说明法国以前制定的形体美的标准已不再普遍适用，现在需要做出改变，故A选项physical beauty would be redefined形体美的观念需要被重新定义为正确答案。B选项与原文无关，属于无中生有。根据第一段最后一句关于节食的网站将会受到限制，C选项与原文意思想违背。而D选项则是过度推理。

第22题是词义题。根据题干关键词“impinging on”(line2, para2)，定位到第二段的第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.”(他们认为美女不应该以…健康的外表来界定)。该句承接本段第一句“Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.”其中，Such measures指代的正是第一段中阐述的“雇佣过瘦(excessive thinness)的模特会犯罪的法律规定”，且excessive一词表明了情感色彩是贬义的。因此，推断出impinging on对health是“有害的、不利的”，故选[D] doing harm to。

第23题是细节题。根据题干关键词fashion industry定位到文章第五段。由该段第二句In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models可知，丹麦等国正在制定模特的标准。与选项[B]New standards are being set in Denmark丹麦正在制定新的标准相符合，故B项为正确答案。而A,C,D项在文中都未提到，属于无中生有。

第24题是推理题。题干问的是“设计师似乎被CFW拒绝的原因”。根据题干关键词designer和CFW，回文定位到倒数第二段，其中指出“…enforcement is to deny access for designers…”，意思是“法案拒绝设计师进入CFW，它是由丹麦时装学院创办的。”，再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年纪，健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒绝的原因是不考虑健康因素，故选[C] showing little concern for health factors

该篇最后一道题选择最恰当的标题是主旨题。首段指出法律要求时尚界不能使用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点说明时尚界的模特同时还需考虑年纪，健康以及其他方面的因素等。因此这篇文章的中心是围绕对时尚界理想体型观点的挑战这一主旨展开的，故选项[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals为最佳标题，故为正确选项。

简而言之，传统阅读第一篇具有以下特征。第一话题选取上：贴近生活，考生熟悉、关心。第二选项设置上：难度略有增加，更具迷惑性。但只要考生谨记我们课堂中讲到的正确选项6大规律以及干扰选项7大规律，相信今年一定会考出令自己满意的成绩。最后提前预祝大家金榜题名!

篇5：考研英语阅读理解真题及解析

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may beDeven admitting that the theory on which it is based may be rightDit can hardly be classed as Literature，This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will。

Certainly their deions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river―and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “ Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

19. This passage is mainly____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art

[B]a review of Futurist poetry

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement

[D]about laws and requirements of literature

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

[A]determine its purposes

[B]ignore its flaws

[C]follow the new fashions

[D]accept the principles

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

[A]increase the production of literature

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

[C]develop new modes of expression

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____。

[A]based on reasonable principles

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

名师解析

19. This passage is mainly____. 本文中心思想是____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art 对新的艺术理论的调查

[B]a review of Futurist poetry 对未来派诗歌的评论

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement 有关未来派运动的优点

[D]about laws and requirements of literature 有关文学的规则和要求

【答案】 B

【考点】文章主旨题。

【分析】本文第一段提到“至于未来派诗歌，情况却有点难，因为即使承认未来派诗歌理论根据可能正确，无论它是怎样的，也很难称之为文学”。第二段提到“未来主义者声称，这种加速的生活需要一种新的表达方式，考研英语《考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(三)》。如果我们想解释现代社会的压力，就必须加快文学的速度”。第三段例举了一个未来文学的例子，指出其难以接受。最后一段仍然是对未来文学的批评。因此我们看出本文是一篇文学评论，而且是对未来文学的评论。只有选择[B]。

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

当出现一个新的文学理念时，人们应该努力_____。

[A]determine its purposes 确定它的目标

[B]ignore its flaws 忽视它的缺陷

[C]follow the new fashions 跟随这个新的潮流

[D]accept the principles 接受原则

【答案】 A

【考点】事实细节题。

【分析】本题可以定位到第一段第一句“每当一个新艺术思潮达到一定流行程度时，(在评价它之前)最好先找出其倡导者的目的”。

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

未来主义者声称我们必须____。

[A]increase the production of literature 加大文学的产出

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress 用诗歌来减轻现代的压力

[C]develop new modes of expression 开发出新的表达方式

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs 避免使用形容词和动词

【答案】 C

【考点】事实细节题。

【分析】根据题干，我们无法定位到任何一段，只能通过具体的选项来做具体的判断。[A]选项错误，文中并没有提到要加大文学的产出，虽然文中提到“如果我们想解释现代社会的压力，就必须加快文学的速度。”但是这句话的意思不是要加大文学的产出，而是加快文学的节奏。[B]选项错误，因为文中在提到压力的时候，只是说“解释”(interpret)压力，而没有说用诗歌来减轻现代的压力。[D]选项错误，文中提到形容词和动词的地方是第二段“我们必须大量使用基本词汇，不受句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的限制”这一句。但是并没有说避免使用形容词和动词。[C]选项“开发出新的表达方式”这个说法合适，因为文中第二段提到“未来主义者声称，这种加速的生活需要一种新的表达方式”。

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____. 作者相信未来派诗歌是_____。

[A]based on reasonable principles 根据合理的原则

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people 对普通人而言是新的可接受的

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature 显示出人性中基本的变化

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

与其说是文学不如说是一种暂时的现象

【答案】 D

【考点】中心主旨题。

【分析】在本文最后一段，作者说“没有一个善于思考的人会拒绝接受他们的首要主张，即情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗?”这个问题实际上就已经否定了未来主义者的首要主张，即他们对历史和现实的认识是不正确的，所以其理论根据是站不住脚的。所以说未来派诗歌并没有稳定的理论基础，只是一个暂时的现象。

难句解析：

1. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

【结构分析】本句可以分为两个部分，“for”为分界词。在前半部分中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”引导的不定式短语，这个短语中又出现了一个宾语从句。“when”引导一个状语从句，表示时间。后半句中“it”仍然是形式主语，“that”引导一个主语从句。“however”引导一个让步状语从句。

2. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature。

【结构分析】本句是一个因果关系的并列句。前一个分句的主句是“the case is rather difficult”，其中“however”表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系;原因为“for”之后的部分，其中破折号之间的部分是插入语，表示一种让步，“on which it is based”是“the theory”的定语从句，“it”指代“Futurist poetry”。

3. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river―and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

【结构分析】本句“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to read”及后面的宾语从句和“to find”及其后面的宾语从句。“read”的宾语从句是“that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river”;“find”的宾语从句是“that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: ‘Pluff! Pluff! A hundred an

1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及解析

2.考研英语二真题答案解析

3.考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析

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7.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案

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篇6：考研英语真题解析

考研英语真题

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text。 Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。Today is no different， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。 Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。 A few wealthy people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland。

A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed。 6 ， today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time。 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double the rate for 7 Americans。 Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality， mental-health problems， and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs。 Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future。

But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease。 Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment。 In the 13 of work， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure。 Today， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown。 “Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy， and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway。

These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs。 “When I come home from a hard day’s work， I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says， adding， “In a world in which I don’t have to work， I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters。

1。[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

2。[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty

3。[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction

4。[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured

5。[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom

6。[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

7。[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

8。[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute

9。[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among

10。[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside

11。[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically

12。[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles

13。[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

14。[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield

15。[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship

16。[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce

17。[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats

18。[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved

19。[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into

20。[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

Section II Reading Comprehension

Text 2

With so much focus on children’s use of screens， it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use。 “Tech is designed to really suck on you in，” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play， “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement。 It makes it hard to disengage， and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine。 ”

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise。 She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children。 During a separate observation， she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family。 Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention。

Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world， and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children。 Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s。 In it， a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention。 “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times， but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need，” says Radesky。

On the other hand， Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children： “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized， very white， very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30，000 words you are neglecting them。” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower， do housework or simply have a break from their child。 Parents， he says， can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way。 This can make them feel happier， which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time。

According to Jenny Radesky， digital products are designed to ______。

[A] simplify routine matters

[B] absorb user attention

[C] better interpersonal relations

[D] increase work efficiency

Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______。

[A] takes away babies’ appetite

[B] distracts children’s attention

[C] slows down babies’ verbal development

[D] reduces mother-child communication

Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______。

[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______。

[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

[B] teach their kids at least 30，000 words a year

[C] ensure constant interaction with their children

[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens

According to Tronick， kid’s use of screens may_______。

[A] give their parents some free time

[B] make their parents more creative

[C] help them with their homework

[D] help them become more attentive

Text 3

Today， widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。 After all， if everyone you know is going to college in the fall， it seems silly to stay back a year， doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years， it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic。

But while this may be true， it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。 There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line，” whether that be toward graduate school， medical school or lucrative career。 But despite common misconceptions， a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact， it probably enhances it。

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not。 Rather than pulling students back， a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence， new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most。 Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment， making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders。

If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests， then consider its financial impact on future academic choices。 According to the National Center for Education Statistics， nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once。 This isn’t surprising， considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications， but switching to another after taking college classes。 It’s not necessarily a bad thing， but depending on the school， it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game。 At Boston College， for example， you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department。 Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on。

One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that 。

[A] they think it academically misleading

[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college

[C] it feels strange to do differently from others

[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps 。

[A] keep students from being unrealistic

[B] lower risks in choosing careers

[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens

[D] relieve freshmen of pressures

The word “acclimation” (Line 8， Para。 3) is closest in meaning to 。

[A] adaptation

[B] application

[C] motivation

[D] competition

A gap year may save money for students by helping them 。

[A] avoid academic failures

[B] establish long-term goals

[C] switch to another college

[D] decide on the right major

The most suitable title for this text would be 。

[A] In Favor of the Gap Year

[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year

[C] The Gap Year Comes Back

[D] The Gap Year： A Dilemma

Text 4

Though often viewed as a problem for western states， the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars， says Professor Max Moritz， a specialist in fire ecology and management。

In ， the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago。 In effect， fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation， watershed and cultural resources management， and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans。

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts。 As Moritz puts it， how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country，” he says。” We need to take a magnifying glass to that。 Like， “Wait a minute， is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire， researchers say。

For one thing， conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive。 Over the past decade， the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires。

While climate is a key element， Moritz says， it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation。

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked， and the interactions go both ways，” he says。 Failing to recognize that， he notes， leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be。 Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited。”

At the same time， people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity， says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado。 But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws， policies， and practices that make it as safe as possible， she says。

“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire，” Balch says。 “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today。”

More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they 。

[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts

[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget

[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states

[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to 。

[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas

[B] avoid the redirection of federal money

[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds

While admitting that climate is a key element， Moritz notes that 。

[A] public debates have not settled yet

[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving

[C] other factors should not be overlooked

[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place

The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to 。

[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature

[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems

[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life

[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature

Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should 。

[A] do away with

[B] come to terms with

[C] pay a price for

[D] keep away from

Part B

Directions：

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。 There are two extra choices in the right column。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain， particularly from Donald Trump。 “We don’t make anything anymore，” he told Fox News， while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。

Without question， manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades， and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing。

But there is also a different way to look at the data。

Across the country， factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge： instead of having too many workers， they may end up with too few。 Despite trade competition and outsourcing， American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years。 Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place， other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay。

For factory owners， it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages。 “They’re harder to find and they have job offers，” says Jay Dunwell， president of Wolverine Coil Spring， a family-owned firm， “They may be coming [into the workforce]， but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing，” Mr。 Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture。

At RoMan Manufacturing， a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980， Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers， five are retiring this year。 Mr。 Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program， with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years。

At a worktable inside the transformer plant， young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors。 It’s his first week on the job。 Asked about his choice of career， he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering。 “I love working with tools。 I love creating。” he says。

But to win over these young workers， manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle： parents， who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression， telling them to avoid the factory。 Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off。 They blame it on the manufacturing recession，” says Birgit Klohs， chief executive of The Right Place， a business development agency for western Michigan。

These concerns aren’t misplaced： Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 。 When the recovery began， worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades。 Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels。

“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill，” says Rob Spohr， a business professor at Montcalm Community College。 “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill。 It’s that gap in between， and that’s where the problem is。 ”

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing： a work/life balance。 While their parents were content to work long hours， young people value flexibility。 “Overtime is not attractive to this generation。 They really want to live their lives，” she says。

[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools。

41。 Jay Deuwell

[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill。

42。 Jason Stenquist

[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore。

43。 Birgit Klohs

[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers。

44。 Rob Spohr

[E] says that for factory owners， workers are harder to find because of stiff competition。

45.Julie Parks

[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing。

[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents。

范文如下：

The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion.

The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’ horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparalleled material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums.

To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensible effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums.

作文考察的是一封邀请信的回函，要求写作内容包括：

1、接受教授邀请给留学生做有关中国文化的presentation(介绍/演示)。

2、提供介绍内容的关键信息。