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gre阅读提速技巧有哪些

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gre阅读提速技巧有哪些

篇1：gre阅读提速技巧有哪些

gre考试阅读如何提速

GRE快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训做题时，必须去找准确的信息。因此读者在开始阅读之前就得知道问题是什么。其实并不需要去详读一篇文章，需要做的只是surveying、scan-ning和skimming，也就是三大阅读提速技巧。

概读

Surveying——概读。概读一篇文章指的是检查文章的组织结构以了解文章的大意。概读重点往往集中在每段开头结尾等会提出观点或进行总结的关键内容上，而对于详细内容则一般会跳过。

寻读

Scanning——寻读。寻读是指在文章当中找寻诸如一个特定的词、缩写词、日期、数字或首字母缩略词等细节。当Scan(扫描)一篇文章的时候，gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训也是很快地看，但它和浏览不同。扫描是为了寻找某些特定的词句而不是文章的整体;关注的是细节而非主旨。阅读一篇文章时，可能仅仅只为了找一个百分数或者某个特定事件的发生时间，而不是这篇gre阅读考试文章的主旨。寻读可以帮助读者更有效地找到这些信息。

扫读

Skimming——扫读。扫读指迅速浏览一遍gre考试文章，而无需逐字阅读，以了解文章大意。对于需要把握文章大致整体内容的考生来说，扫读是很有用的技巧。

掌握GRE阅读中出现的转折词

GRE阅读文章中常用的转折词有7个：but, however, yet, though, nevertheless, nonetheless, still。其中前四个为强转折词，后三个为让步式转折。读到这里，有的同学可能会疑惑：though不是让步连接词吗?没错，though一般情况下做连词，连接让步状语从句(句内转折)。但是如果是在两个逗号之间的though，则是副词，相当于however。如这句话About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve. 此句表明科学家们完全不同意前一句的看法。让步式转折只要出现，必然是考点，同时也是容易丢分的点。

下面我们来一起看一篇GRE阅读文章：

Astronomers who study planet formation once believed that comets—because they remain mostly in the distant Oort cloud, where temperatures are close to absolute zero—must be pristine relics of the material that formed the outer planets. The conceptual shift away from seeing comets as pristine relics began in the 1970s, when laboratory simulations revealed there was sufficient ultraviolet radiation reaching comets to darken their surfaces and there were sufficient cosmic rays to alter chemical bonds or even molecular structure near the surface. Nevertheless, astronomers still believed that when a comet approached the Sun—where they could study it—the Sun’s intense heat would remove the corrupted surface layer, exposing the interior. About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. It can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the “laboratory simulations”?

A. The simulations showed that despite the low temperatures in the Oort cloud, there was sufficient energy there to alter comet

B. Astronomers were initially reluctant to accept what simulation showed about the composition of comets

C. The simulations themselves did not eliminate the possibility that comets contain pristine relics of material from the early solar system.

这是一道不定项选择题。答案是AC，很多同学都选上了B选项，他们觉得 laboratory simulations这句话后马上出现了Nevertheless, astronomers still believed……..，因为nevertheless一词, 所以有的同学会觉得astronomers不会接受前一句的laboratory simulations的结果的。但是要知道，nevertheless和 nonetheless一样表示的都是让步式转折，也就是说天文学家接受前一句的实验结果，但是他们持不同的观点。所谓让步式转折就是接受前面的事实陈述部分，但是不接受观点。

GRE填空题出题原理

填空这种形式对于多年参加考试的同学来说并不陌生，之前的考试不管是考什么内容，比如语文，数学，物理等都会出现填空这种形式。我们要了解的是GRE填空这种题目类型的特点。

通过已知信息补全未知信息这种填空题源自格式塔心理学(Gestalt Psychology)，其中谈到：人们在感知不完整事物时，在内心深处总是倾向于将其补全，使之成为一个完整体。体现在填空题目中，出题人会根据信息的对应关系设置空格，需要考生找到空格对应的成分，然后判断期间的关系，进而判断所填信息的大致含义，然后在选项中进行选择。

所以我们可以把GRE填空思路概括成一个公式：

对应——空格

其中，对应是和空格有语义关系的成分，大部分是题目句子中的已知信息，在双空题和三空题中也有可能是空格间的对应;横线“——”代表信息间的关系，基本就是同向或反向的关系。比如举个中文的例子：

轻轻地我走了，正如我______ 来。

(A) 轻轻地

(B) 大义凛然地

(D) 窸窣地

(E) 惊慌失措地

即使没有听过徐志摩的《再别康桥》，根据句子的逻辑关系，也能判断出空格和“轻轻地”对应，而且由于“正如”表示了相似的关系，故选择答案A

下面给出一道官方题目：

The composer has never courted popularity: her rugged modernism seems to defy rather than to ______ the audience.

(A) ignore

(B) discount

(D) teach

(E) cow

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第58页第1题)

本题中，空格前有rather than这个逻辑表达，表示反向关系，同时在结构上，空格对应了defy，所以最终判断应该选择defy的反义词。defy的意思是“挑衅，蔑视”，选项中合适的是C，woo的意思是“追求，吸引”。

篇2：GRE阅读提速三大技巧介绍

GRE阅读提速三大技巧介绍

概读

寻读

Scanning——寻读。寻读是指在文章当中找寻诸如一个特定的词、缩写词、日期、数字或首字母缩略词等细节。当Scan(扫描)一篇文章的时候，gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训也是很快地看，但它和浏览不同。扫描是为了寻找某些特定的词句而不是文章的整体;关注的是细节而非主旨。阅读一篇文章时，可能仅仅只为了找一个百分数或者某个特定事件的发生时间，而不是这篇文章的主旨。寻读可以帮助读者更有效地找到这些信息。

扫读

Skimming——扫读。扫读指迅速浏览一遍文章，而无需逐字阅读，以了解文章大意。对于需要把握文章大致整体内容的考生来说，扫读是很有用的技巧。

GRE阅读：长难句分析

As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)

随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略

解释：本句子的中间一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences容易令人看晕，其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由两个and连接了三个部分，然而它们其实不是同一层次的并列，第一个and实际上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分，是并列的，而and之后的less so with其实是对于一个完整的表达方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式，去掉了与前面重复的成分。

后面修饰的structural differences的定语从句that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them中，又出现了一个别扭的插入语at first glance，把应该连在一起的seem to 粗暴地分开，令人不熟悉此类难句的人倍感不适。

GRE阅读文章如何理解

1.剖析文章首段

积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么，这些都是需要我们通过剖析首段得出的结果。

2.重现作者思路图

在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?再次提醒，GRE阅读题考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。

3.通览文章留意语气过渡词

在快速阅读GRE阅读文章时，特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于你对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。

4.总结文章大意

在回答GRE阅读题前，最好花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题。

5.正式答题

根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。这里，你可以比第3个步骤更仔细。

篇3：GRE阅读提速技巧综合解读

GRE阅读提速技巧综合解读不同篇幅文章都能更快读完

文章篇幅长先找核心句

一般来说，GRE语文每个部分的20道题中，都会有10道固定为阅读题，而其中长篇阅读只占一篇。虽然数量不多，但光是这一篇阅读，就往往在450字左右，篇幅相当惊人。一篇长篇阅读，固定会附带4道题目。由于GRE所有题目分数相同，因此这4道题目，可以说是整个阅读乃至语文部分性价比最低的。有鉴于此，应对GRE长篇阅读的方法就比较简单了，那就是放到最后再做。之所以这么做，完全是因为同等时间内，大家完全可以把其他耗时更少，更容易做完的题目先搞定，最后集中精力再来对付长篇阅读。毕竟这么长一篇文章，读完已经会有头昏脑涨的感觉，如果直接做完，那之后的思路肯定会受到影响，不利于从整体上提分。

而应对长篇阅读的提速心得也很简单，那就是找关键句做标记。大家没有必要把整篇文章精读，第一遍阅读只要知道全文大意和每个段落的意思就可以了。对于一些细节内容，可以先做好标记，等到解题需要用到时再返回定位，如此可以大幅度节省下阅读的时间用以解题。

逻辑类阅读文章需提升思维速度

除了最让人头疼的长篇阅读外，GRE阅读中还有一种比较烧脑的阅读题型，那就是逻辑阅读。虽然逻辑阅读文章一般篇幅较短，但题目难度却往往不低。如果考生的逻辑思维能力不足，面对这类题目往往会觉得比长篇阅读还要困难。因此，应对逻辑阅读的策略就是跟着难度走。看完文章如果马上就能理清逻辑思路找到解题方法，那就直接做完。如果觉得有点绕，一时半会儿想不清楚，同样先跳过留到之后再完成。这样可以避免大家过度消耗脑力，能以思路比较清醒的状态优先做完其他题目。

想要在逻辑阅读部分提速，考生必须提前在备考过程中加强逻辑思维推理判断能力的训练，把各种逻辑常见的出题方式和思维模式提前练熟，对于各种加强削弱无关等题型做到一看就知道怎么解。

短篇阅读应注意快速分辨排除选项

短篇阅读是GRE阅读中对考生最友善的题型。不仅文章篇幅段，而且难度一般也不高，虽然偶尔会有难题，但大部分题目大家一遍读完就能顺手解决。因此想要拿到高分，大家只要仔细一点看清问题就能比较稳妥的拿到分数了。而想要保证准确率，考生可以尝试在读完文章和问题后先不看选项，自己根据理解想一个大概的答案，然后再和选项匹配结果，既能避免干扰，又能提高解题速度。

以上就是小编为大家带来的GRE阅读逻辑部分提速的一些心得，希望各位在阅读中存在困难无法保证解题速度和正确率的考生，能够参考上文内容作出一些调整，提升自己的阅读应试能力，在GRE考试中冲刺高分实现突破。

GRE分类词汇记忆：飞翔

4.1.3 飞翔

flight n. 飞行，飞翔;逃跑

hover v. 翱翔;(人)徘徊

soar v. 高飞，翱翔;猛增

flutter v. 拍翅

plunge v. 俯冲;投入

GRE分类词汇记忆：行走

4.1.2 行走，奔跑

amble n./v. 漫步，缓行

ambulatory adj. (适宜于)步行的

jog v. 慢而平静地前进

meander v. 漫步;蜿蜒而流

perambulate v. 漫步;巡视

peripatetic adj. 巡游的

promenade v./n. 散步;开车兜风

prowl v. 偷偷地漫游，潜行于

ramble n./v. 漫步

saunter n./v. 漫步，闲逛

stroll v. 漫步，闲逛

hobble v. 跛行;蹒跚

jolt v. 颠簸着移动;n. 震动，摇晃

limp v. 跛行;adj. 软弱的，松软的

lumber v. 蹒跚而行，笨拙地走;n. 杂物;木材

lurch v. 蹒跚而行;n. 突然向前或旁边倒

totter v. 步履蹒跚;摇摇欲坠

mince v. 小步走路;切碎

plod v. 重步走;吃力地干

prance v. 昂首阔步

scramble v. 攀登;争夺

scuff v. 拖着脚走

shuffle v. 拖步走，支吾;洗牌

sidle v. (偷偷地)侧身而行

stride v. 大步行走

strut v. 趾高气扬地走;n. 支柱

swagger v. 大摇大摆地走

trek v. 艰苦跋涉

trudge v. 跋涉

waddle v. (鸭子等)摇摇摆摆地走

wade v. 涉水;跋涉

zigzag n./adj. v. 弯弯曲曲地行进;之字形(的)

bolt v. 急逃;n. 螺栓，门闩

dart v. 急驰;投射;n. 飞镖

fleet v. 疾驰，消磨;飞逝，掠过;adj. 快速的

gallop v./n. (马)飞奔;疾驰

hie v. 疾走，催促

lope v. 使大步慢跑;跳跃;n. 轻快的步伐

scamper v. 奔跑，快跑

scud v. 疾行，疾驶

scurry v. 急跑，疾行

scutter v. 疾走

sprint v. 短距离全速奔跑

gait n. 步法，步态

lope n. 轻快的步伐;v. 使大步慢跑;跳跃

pedestrian adj. 徒步的;缺乏想像的;n. 行人

tempo n. (动作、生活的)步调，速度

tread n. 步履;车轮胎面;v. 踩踏

GRE分类词汇记忆：移动

4.1.1 移动(变换位置)

budge v. 移动一点儿;改变立场;(让步)

creep v. 悄悄地移动;匍匐前进(爬行)

flounder v. 艰苦地移动;挣扎;n. 比目鱼

inch v. 慢慢前进，慢慢移动

jog v. 慢而平静地前进

jolt v. 颠簸着移动;n. 震动，摇晃

locomotion n. 移动，运动

locomotive adj. 移动的;n. 机车，火车头

migratory adj. 迁移的，流浪的

mobile adj. 易于移动的

mobility n. 可动性，流动性

motile adj. 能动的，有自动力的

procession n. 前进;行列 (process n. 过程)

remove v. 移走;迁移;脱掉

shuttle v. (使)穿梭移动，往返运送

slither v. 扭动前进，(蛇)滑动

displace v. 换置;使某人某物离开原位

invert v. 上下倒置

restore v. 使回复(还原位置)，恢复;修复，修补

reversion n. 返回(原状、旧习惯);逆转

transpose v. 变换位置，调换

commute v. 坐公交车上下班;交换

decamp v. (士兵)离营;匆忙而秘密地离开

emigrate v. 自本国移居他国

maneuver v./n. (军队)调遣;策略，操纵 (maneuverable adj. 可移动的，可操纵的)

shunt v. 使(火车)转到另一轨道，转移方向

traverse v. 横穿过，横跨

篇4：GRE阅读提速提分技巧

GRE阅读提速提分2个重要技巧指点解读

GRE阅读提分技巧：代入阅读原文

新GRE阅读，了解它的题型和特点，将题目代入阅读中，是解决问题的很好方向。以前上学的时候经常就是老师将问题留下，才考试进行阅读训练。题目可以对文章有一个线索作用，这些都是使GRE阅读快速完成的秘诀，所以“快”将是解决新GRE阅读的关键所在。

GRE阅读提分技巧：掌握泛读方法

泛读就是大致看看，但GRE考试题目有时考到段落或文章整体结构，这哪里是随便浏览就可以掌握的?人们也总结很多阅读技巧。它们固然可以帮助读者有效的缩小阅读量，甚至鼓励人完全忽视掉那些专业的细节，但这些技巧存在有共同的问题：只对讲解员所讲到的有限的文章适用。改进的办法是发明不同的技巧去对应所有文章。

这些做法GRE阅读理解的手法理论上可行，但在实践上给考生留下问题：他们不容易知道何时该使用哪些技巧。技巧越多，就越具特殊性，杂多技巧的组合，让人感到混乱。

另一方面，做题的技巧倒是非常实用，不过，运用做题技巧的基本条件是知道题目考察的是文章的哪个位置;位置的确定也许不能只靠单纯阅读技巧来碰运气。 GRE文章是论证性文字，不是说明性文字，如电视机的说明书和校园简介，也不是叙述性文字，如长篇小说和短篇小说。GRE考试题目也总是以考论证结构为主。

小站教育老师介绍，考主题和态度(包括写法型EXCEPT，考负评价的取非，从否定角度考核心内容的一般的EXCEPT);考特殊论证内容，如让步、对比;考句子在段落中的作用(in order to);考有哪些论据(论据列举);考论据中的特殊形式(泛指化)。

由此，新GRE阅读读文章最重要的是分析结构。分析结构是一种研究式的学习，在其要求下，我们的阅读方法是结构化阅读。论证性文字一定是以论证为特点，这特点及于文章的各个层面：篇章-段落-句子-单词。

篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后场由表示论证关系的词汇连接，体现论证的意义的单词最重要。要真懂得文章，必须把所有那些表现论证的字词句抓出，而这却恰好是过去所有阅读方法都忽略的。

GRE阅读提分技巧：了解关联词作用

关联词和广义的关联成分，经过GRE考试的反复宣传，已经获得众所周知的重要性，在此不论。但是，单纯的关联词也可能组成没有新鲜内容的堆砌文章，于是内容上的关联成为必要，这靠论证形式，也就是，我们要看一个论点是如何展开的，或说文章是如何结构或论证的。

对一个论点而言，论证的方式是分角度;但不是所有论点都可以分角度，那些不容易分角度的，论点按照其自身潜在包含的内容展开，由此有差异、正、反三类关系，每种关系的论证都相对模式化。这样就可以懂得GRE阅读理解文章每句话在论证上的作用，无须完全依赖对文章各句所涉专业知识的了解。

希望从本文开始的抽象论述到文章分析的具体论述中，读者可以大致了解，结构化阅读分析的本质和它的运用的益处：我们没有精读，没有泛读，也没有诉诸技巧，而只是问，这个文章各句以及每句各部分怎么组织起来来论证论点，由此就拆解了该文的结构，并顺带分析了所考的四道题目。

评价这些阅读理论的标准，首先应该来自新GRE阅读考试的要求。这要求简单不过，要求15分钟左右读完答完一长一短两篇文章的内容和题目。在这个要求下，精读显然不行，虽然如果时间足够长，可以保证做对细节题。

GRE阅读：如何做好笔记内容

阅读文章分类：

1 按题材分类：从难→易

Humanities(eg文学评论)→Social Science(弱势群体歧视问题：blacks,native,Americans,women)→Natural Science→Life Science

2 写作方法(两种)：

ⅠPresentation 有且只有一个观点

ⅡArgument 有多个观点

为什么要区分呢?是为了做主题题，比如若判定文章是Presentation的套路，则选项中出现argument, debate, dispute等等之类的词都可以排除

3文章套路：

新老观点对比型：traditionally, most believe 的是错的，总是maverick

现象解释型：出现phenomenon之类的key words

问题解决型/解答型：

结论解释型(总分结构)

阅读原则：逻辑阅读，与托福阅读题做法相反，做GRE阅读时先文后题。理顺逻辑关系!!

三种GRE备考阅读方法：Scrutinizing, Scanning, Skipping

阅读的key points

1 强对比(相反≠)unlike, contrast, on the other hands, on the other hand, 时间状语(比如新老观点对比型的文章中)出题举例：已知A≠B,问B=?

2 强转折(△)

although, though, while: 让步即转折。明显转折：yet, but, however

其实转折：in fact, actually, nevertheless, nonetheless, despite, in spite of, rather, instead

极端转折：A△(-A), 以后半句为主

多重转折：△…△…△…△…△…△ 最后一个转折才是关键所在

3 强因果(→)

因果小境界：because, since, for, thus, hence, therefore, conclude, conclusion, consequently, result in/from, lead to, lie in, 冒号分号

因果大境界：⑴attribute, traceable

⑵stimulate, motivate, spur, impetus

⑶reflection, expansion

4 敏感词(重要暗示词)

最高级：first, never, foremost, uttermost

唯一性：only, sole, uniquely, exclusive, alone

比较级：more…than, less…than…, as….as, the same as, similar to

更极端：peak, pinnacle, summit, abysmal, crowning, crest

5 判断句：给出评论，

四种评论：大正，大负，混和评价(主正，主负)

adj. adv.的引入会给句子添上正负色彩，所以注意这些形容词，副词

例子：His(eloquent/brazen)declamation(convincingly/curiously)shaped our standpoint.

考试题型

=7+2， 2即主观题，态度题

7=4种基本题+3难题

主题题：1 三出现(关键词必须出现，文章中未提到的内容不能出现，细节不能出现)

2 一定要判定出文章的套路(比如如果是现象解释型，就选有phenomenon的，有因果说法的reasons, factors, traceable;是问题解答型，就选有代表问题(predicament, dilemma)和解释(solution, therapy, remedy, recipe)的词;结论解释型，选总分结构的词(general, supportive, illustrate, systematically )……….

态度题：错误选现

1 不留余地的词：completely, total, entire, absolute, un+表示限制意思的动词的过去分词，如uncircumcised, unlimited, unrestricted

2 中庸的词：indifference, lukewarm, detached, resigned, jocular, light-hearted

3 个人情感的词：怒rage, wrath, exasperation, 嘲笑讽刺：mock, deride;还有就是cynical

基本题：1直接事实题(eg.题干中出现明显的因果关系与文中因果相对应)

⑴文字变换(90%) 词汇变换，句型变换

⑵逻辑变换(10%)即逆否变换

2 取非题

⑴直接取非：强对比出题如已知A≠B,问B=?

⑵改善题：虚拟语气+表示改善的说法(improve,比较级)

做法：回文章中找到缺点，做取非

3 举例作用题：in order to(tips:选选项中有illustrate, give an example的)

结论是例子服务的对象，所以在结论中去找答案

4 排除题：文字变换游戏而已

GRE阅读：逻辑的备考方法

解GRE逻辑题三部曲：

a. 读问题，b. 明确问题目的，c. 从而d. 确定解题方向。

e. 读段落，f. 根据不同g. 的问题目的确定不同h. 的解题重点

i. 找答案，j. 有时可以调整看选项顺序.把握5中选2的原则，k. 先用求同l. 求异发则，m. 快速排除3-n. 4个选项，o. 然后放慢速度，p. 仔细分析剩下的两个选项。

新GRE逻辑推理的两大模式：

引导结论的引导词有：therefore,thus,so,hence,concluding,consequently,as a result,It follows that,it can be inferred that,in conlusin,which proves

that,which means that,which suggerts that, 引导前提的引导词：because,for,since,as,in as much as(由于，因为)，in so far

as (就。。而言),in view of BàA 模式：有一个survey,record,data,study,experiment或者phemonena等得出一个结论，是他做出的一个解释。当由 BàA,有一个hidden premise多为A是唯一的原因。或者为达到某一个目的而提出的一个方法或者建议，也是此种模式。常见的引导词有： demonstrate,show,result,due to,attribute to,reason,hypothesize,the

explanation to,be responsible for. AàB模式：推理时由某个原因试图得到某个结果，推理成立的hidden promise是这个原因可以得到这个结果。注意此时并不表示A是唯一的，只是表示A是可行的。

篇5：gre考试阅读如何提速

gre考试阅读如何提速?

gre阅读提速三大技巧介绍

概读

寻读

扫读

GRE阅读：飞鼠寻找食物

The objective of this study was to evaluate how northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) locate truffles (Gautieria monticola), a subterranean and ephemeral but primary food source. Thus, we evaluated the importance of three factors to the foraging behavior of northern flying squirrels: (i) olfactory chemicals that emanate from truffles; (ii) the presence of coarse woody debris (decaying l.s), which are often associated with fungi; and (iii) we explored the potential role animal memory could play in truffle detection as well. In a foraging arena, squirrels successfully retrieved buried truffles that lacked aboveground cues in 19 of 30 trials and failed to search near treatments that lacked truffles alt.ether, confirming the importance of olfaction to squirrel foraging. However, squirrels also retrieved truffles that were associated most frequently with surface l.s (27 of 30). In addition, the initial detection rate of the truffle + l. treatment was significantly greater than the truffle-only treatment. Thus, although squirrels search for truffles primarily using olfaction, they may also benefit by searching near coarse woody debris on the forest floor as an aboveground cue to truffle locations. In addition, because 82% of Sierra Nevada truffle-fruiting locations that were marked in yielded truffles again the following 2 years, mycophagous animals like northern flying squirrels may benefit by memorizing fruiting locations and foraging at these same locations from year to year.

GRE考试阅读备考内容介绍

第一，有一定的gre词汇量。

GRE阅读考试所需掌握的单词要少的多，这些词往往都是些GRE阅读专属词汇，且重复率很高，只需集中背记一下就可以解决基本问题。

第二，对GRE阅读句子有基本的理解能力。

GRE阅读有很多阅读技巧，但它只是一种锦上添花的东西，要在你对文章的大意甚至对一些具体的内容有一定的理解的基础上才能发挥作用，而这个基础就体现在对句子的理解上。

第三，熟悉GRE阅读考点和题型

GRE阅读考了很多年，已经呈现出了明确、固定的出题点和试题类型，考生应该对它们有充分的了解。

第四，智慧读GRE阅读原文。

要靠读懂全文来做对题，对中国考生来说是一件很难的事情，即使把文章全部翻译成中文，也很难在如此短的时间内逐字逐句理解全文，更何况是生词连篇、复杂难懂的英文，所以我们要靠快速读文法，学会抓重点。

第五，GRE阅读考点详细读，非出题点略读。

这句话非常简单，然而，很多考生往往很难做到这一点，有的考生是不知道什么有用，不知道哪儿是出题点，也就不知道哪里详读哪里略读，只好全文都一样重点的读，其实也就等于全文都没读好。

第六，选GRE阅读答案有方法、有技巧。

GRE阅读考试的答案的确是有一些特点的。有一些答案一看就是正确答案，说得客观严谨、小心翼翼，有的一看就是错的，这里面包含一些特定的规律。选择答案其实也有一定的方法，到哪儿找答案(定位)，怎么看选项(竖读、先读主干等)，按照什么依据排除干扰选项，怎么确定自己选择的是不是对的(文字对应法)，时间不够了怎么选等等。这些都需要考生在备考GRE阅读中逐步了解，融会贯通。

GRE阅读如何快速阅读

一) 减少每行的注视次数，缩短注视时间以提高阅读速度。

这种GRE阅读练习并非沿直线进行，而是一连串的扫视加跳跃。每次扫视要么以注视结束，要么就是对注视范围内文字短暂快照(大约25美分硬币那么大，距离阅读表面8cm )。未经训练的人每次注视持续1/4到1/2秒。要弄明白这一点，闭上一只眼，手指轻轻的放在眼皮上。用另一只眼睛慢慢的扫描一条水平直线——这样你会感觉到明显、分离的眼球运动和注视持续的时间。

二) 去除回头读和跳回读以提高速度。

未经训练的人总是回头读(有意识回读)和跳回读(通过不正确的注视实现的下意识回读)，这些占用全部阅读时间的30%。

三) 必须反复做适应GRE阅读练习来扩大水平边缘视线范围，提高每次注视的字数。

未经训练的人阅读的时候会注视中央区域，而不会利用水平边缘视线，浪费了50%每次注视可以辨识的字。

篇6：GRE阅读提速不同文章各有技巧

GRE阅读提速不同文章各有技巧

GRE考试作为美国研究生入学考试，由分析性写作、语文和数学组成。在GRE语文的两大题型中，阅读无疑是耗时更多得分难度更高的题型。考生在VERBAL部分会遇到时间不够用的情况往往也是因为GRE阅读耗费的时间太多了。

那么如何才能降低阅读耗时提升读题解题速度呢?

GRE语文到底有多少阅读题?

按照GRE考试的题目类型和分布情况来说，GRE语文每个部分的有20道题目，其完成时长为30分钟，通常会有10道左右的阅读题，而这些题目会根据给出的文章长短分配，一般长篇阅读会包含3-4道题，而短篇阅读和逻辑阅读则只会附带2-3道题，一般是1道题比较多。

GRE长篇阅读提速技巧分析

首先，每场GRE考试中，只会出现一篇长篇阅读文章，字数在400字以上。也就是说，除非考生在五个语文 + 数学的部分中遭遇到三个语文二个数学，而不计分的那个语文部分又罕见地出现了第二篇长篇阅读文章，一般来说考生在整场考试中只需要面对一篇长篇阅读文章。一篇长阅读会有四道附属题目。因此，针对长篇阅读文章，建议考生把它留到最后解决。建议这样做的原因有二种：首先，考试中要始终保持思路的流畅和头脑的清醒是十分重要的，而完成长篇阅读则很容易让你的思维变得混乱，从而影响之后的做题;其次，从效率上来说，由于所有题目的分值都完全相同，而做长篇阅读显然会花费超过平均1.5分钟的时间，因此得分效率是最低的，所以留到最后解决才是上策。

GRE逻辑阅读如何提升速度?

除了长篇阅读文章外，阅读类题型中的逻辑阅读题也常常会成为时间杀手。这类阅读文章本身长度一般，而且只会附带一道题目，但由于其对逻辑思维能力的考察要求，文章本身往往在逻辑上极其复杂，提问方法也常常千奇百怪，考生需要在对全文都有充分理解的基础上才能做好题目，可以说难度极高，也常会花费考生们大量的时间。因此，在面对此类逻辑阅读题时，如果考生没有把握在平均时间内做完，建议也可以留到稍后单独解决，或直接通过排除法结合猜测快速选出可能的答案，毕竟只为了一道题目而浪费太多时间，是十分不划算的事情。

GRE短篇阅读也要提升解题速度

短篇阅读是GRE考试中比较受考生欢迎的一类阅读题，由于其文章篇幅较短，无论是从阅读量还是理解要求上都比较低，题目也往往相对简单，因此考生可以快速而准确地完成短篇阅读。当然，即使是看似简单的短篇阅读，也偶尔会有难题出没。但无论如何，还是建议考生们在看到短篇阅读题时优先解决，快速地积累分数。

GRE阅读素材解析：LV的戏剧传统

Innovative as it is, Luis Valdez' acto owes much to the theater traditions or(我认为应为 of，印刷错误) other periods and regions.

Like early Spanish American religious dramas, secular folk dramas, and the Mexican carpas of a somewhat later period, actos are usually performed outdoors by traveling groups of players or by local theater groups.

The improvised comic satire of the actos is often attributed to Valdez' study of the Italian commedia dell' arte of the sixteenth century, although some critics see it as a direct reflection of the comic and improvisational qualities of the more contemporary and local carpas of Mexican theater.

The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez‘ immediate source: the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian commedia dell'arte troupes on tour in Spain.

4. Which of the following best describes the author's evaluation of the views of the critics?

(A) Their views, if correct, do not preclude the existence of an Italian influence on the acto.

(B) Their views are unlikely to be correct, given the differences existing between Mexican and Mexican American theater.

(D) Their views are probably more correct than the views of those who have attributed the comic and improvisational elements of the acto to earlier sources.

(E) Their views betray a lack of familiarity with the commedia dell'arte.

5. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument concerning the debt of the acto to the theater traditions of other periods and regions?

(A) Many popular forms of theater rely heavily on improvisation.

(B) Plays resembling the acto in structure were written in the 1970's by West African playwrights who are interested in dramatizing the richness of their own cultures.

(C) The use of masks has, at one time or another, been characteristic of the theater traditions of almost all cultures, even those most isolated from outside influences.

(D) During a strike, it is common for union members to present musical skits dramatizing the values of solidarity and resistance.

(E) Before 1965 Luis Valdez had attended many performances of traditional Mexican theater groups touring the western United States.

GRE双语阅读：碳酸饮料遭批判

Food politics in America——Popped

美国的食品政策：砰的出现

Soda Politics: Taking on Big Soda (and Winning). By Marion Nestle.

软饮料策略：对付软饮料(然后取得胜利)。作者马里昂·奈斯特。

MARION NESTLE'S heavyweight polemic against Coca—Cola and PepsiCo comes at an odd moment for the industry. Americans are drinking fewer sugary sodas—in production was23% below what it had been a decade earlier. Even sales of diet drinks are losing their fizz, as consumers question the merits of artificial sweeteners. From one angle, it would seem that health advocates such as Ms Nestle have won. Yet in America companies still produce 30gallons of regular (not diet) fizzy drinks per person per year. In many countries, particularly developing ones, consumption is on the rise.

软饮料工业正处不尴不尬之际，马里昂?奈斯特对口可口可乐以及百事可乐的抨击颇具影响力。越来越少的美国人选择饮用含糖碳酸饮料—与十年前相比，含糖碳酸饮料的生产减少了23%。人们甚至也失去了对膳食饮料的青睐，因为消费者们对饮料中是否添加人工甜味剂提出了质疑。从某个角度来看，像奈斯特女士这样的健康倡导者似乎赢得了胜利。然而，美国软饮料公司每年生产的常规碳酸饮料(而非膳食饮料)人均多达30加仑。在许多国家，尤其是发展中国家，常规碳酸饮料的消费仍呈上涨趋势。

Ms Nestle, a professor at New York University, is both heartened by recent progress and dissatisfied with it. That is no surprise. Her first book, “Food Politics” , remains a bible for those who bewail the power of food companies. In her new book she attacks the industry's most widely consumed, least healthy product. “Soda Politics”, she says, is a book “to inspire readers to action”. As a rallying cry, it is verbose. When readers learn on page 238 that she will pick up a particular subject in chapter 25, it is with no little dismay that they realize they are only on chapter 17. But what the author wants most is to craft a meticulous guide to the producers' alleged transgressions, and how to stop them.

对于最近取得的进展，奈斯特女士，这位纽约大学的教授颇受鼓舞，但并不满足于此。这也不足为奇。她的第一本书“粮食政策”依旧被那些哀叹食品企业权势的人们奉为经典。在新书中，奈斯特女士对软饮料行业消费最广，最有害健康的产品进行了抨击。《软饮料策略》这本书旨在激励人们采取行动，奈斯特说到。然而作为战斗口号，却显得颇为繁冗。读者们在第238页了解到奈斯特将在第25章讲述一个特别的主题，却意识到自己才看到第17章，但他们并没有因此而沮丧。作者最想做的是拟定一份详细的指南，指出生产商曾经的过失，并想方设法阻止他们的这种行为。

Ms Nestle says she would have no quibbles with sweet fizzy drinks if they were sipped occasionally, as a treat. However, for millions of people in many countries, they are not. In Mexico companies sold 372 cans of fizzy drinks per person in 2012. About half of Americans do not drink them regularly, but those who do are disproportionately poor, less educated, male, Hispanic or black. Ten per cent of Americans down more than four cans a day.

奈斯特说如果人们只是在吃饭招待的时候偶尔饮用加了甜味剂的碳酸饮料，她不会提出异议。但实际上许多国家，成千上万的人们都在喝这种饮料。20，仅墨西哥人均消费的碳酸饮料就高达372罐。大约一半的美国人不会经常性地饮用碳酸饮料，但是那些选择碳酸饮料的人多半是些穷困潦倒，未接受良好教育的西班牙或者黑人男性。百分之十的美国人平均每天要喝掉至少4罐碳酸饮料。

Drinking a lot of sweet fizzy drinks is plainly unhealthy. Unlike a Big Mac, they have no nutritional value; nor do their calories satisfy hunger. One large study found that for each can added to a person's daily diet, the risk of diabetes jumped by 22%. There are also links between sugar and heart disease, stroke and cancer. Drinking lots of sodas imposes clear costs on individuals, Ms Nestle argues, but it has a broader cost, too. American taxpayers subsidize corn production (and thereby corn syrup) and let the poor use government food vouchers to buy fizzy drinks. More important, taxpayers foot the health bill for those who develop chronic disease.

很显然，过度饮用碳酸饮料对身体健康是有害的。与巨无霸不同的是，这些碳酸饮料毫无营养价值，它们产生的热量也无法抵抗饥饿。一项大型研究表明，如果在日常饮食中加入碳酸饮料，那么人们罹患糖尿病的风险就会增加22%。心脏病，中风以及癌症与过多的糖分摄入不无关系。奈斯特说，大量饮用碳酸饮料会增加个人开支，但实际上个人花费要远大于此。美国的纳税人为玉米生产做出了贡献(也就是为玉米糖浆的生产做出了贡献)，同时，他们让穷人用政府提供的食品券来购买碳酸饮料。更重要的是，纳税人为那些罹患慢性疾病的人支付医疗帐单。

Encouraging people to drink fewer fizzy drinks, however, is fiendishly difficult. Soda companies spend billions on marketing; it is a tribute to the admen that Coca—Cola is one of the world's best—loved brands, despite selling what is essentially fattening sugar—water. (Think of Coca—Cola's encouragements to “open happiness” and PepsiCo's exuberant spokeswoman, Beyoncé Knowles.) Once people get used to consuming sugary drinks, they are loth to give them up. There is evidence suggesting that sugar is addictive—some laboratory animals prefer sugar to cocaine.

然而，鼓励人们尽量少喝碳酸饮料却出奇的难。碳酸饮料企业在营销上花费巨资。尽管可口可乐售卖的实际上是令人增肥的糖水饮料，但可口可乐无疑是世界上最受消费者青睐的品牌之一。而这对于广告人而言，是件可喜可贺的事情。(想想可口可乐颇具鼓动性的广告语“开启幸福”，百事可乐活力四射的代言人碧昂丝·诺利斯。)人们一旦习惯了消费含糖饮料，便很难戒掉。有证据表明食糖是会上瘾的—与可卡因相比，实验室的动物们更喜欢食糖。

Most interesting, fizzy—drink companies are skilled at swatting away attempts at regulation. Ms. Nestle describes an extraordinarily broad team of allies. That includes obvious friends, such as employees, bottlers and distributors, as well as the restaurants, cinemas, shops and sports stadiums that sell their products. But the companies are also astute philanthropists. When Michael Bloomberg, then mayor of New York, tried to block the use of government vouchers to buy sodas in , the congressional black caucus was among those to lobby against it. The caucus's foundation has received money from both Coke and Pepsi. In Philadelphia was considering a soda tax. After the soda lobby offered a big donation to the city's children's hospital, the idea fizzled out.

更有趣的是，碳酸饮料企业对规避规范化的尝试颇有一套。奈斯特将其描述为一个非比寻常的庞大联盟。很显然，这个联盟包括了这些企业的盟友们，比如雇员，瓶装工，经销商，那些出售他们商品的饭店，电影院，商店以及体育场。但这些碳酸饮料企业同时也是非常精明的慈善家。，当时的纽约市市长迈克尔?布隆伯格试图阻止人们用政府代金券购买碳酸饮料，但却遭到了包括美国国会黑人同盟在内的多数人的反对。，费城考虑是否要征收碳酸饮料税，但在碳酸饮料游说集团出资捐助了一家当地的儿童医院之后，这项提议未能实施。

Coca—Cola and PepsiCo do have a few notable adversaries. Mr. Bloomberg, a billionaire, remains their single biggest foe. It is telling that in two rare instances when a soda tax has been passed—in Berkeley, California and in Mexico—it was with the help of cash from Mr. Bloomberg. Drinks companies must also reckon with a small army of health advocates, among which Ms. Nestle is a major—general.

可口可乐和百事可乐确实有一些颇为出名的对手。布隆伯格，这位亿万富翁是他们最大的对手。据说在两个颇为罕见的通过征收碳酸饮料税的例子中—一个是加利福尼亚的伯克利市，另一个是墨西哥—都是在布隆伯格的资金帮助下通过了碳酸饮料税法案。饮料公司还得去对付那些以奈斯特为首的健康军团。

With the slow decline of soda in America, she and her allies are advancing. Coca—Cola and PepsiCo are peddling healthier drinks, such as bottled water. However, as they try to face down a long—term threat while maintaining near—term profits, they are still pushing their syrupy fare.

随着美国人慢慢地拒绝碳酸饮料，奈斯特和她的盟友们正向成功一步步迈进。可口可乐和百事可乐正忙于推销更健康的饮料，如瓶装水。然而，他们仍旧努力推动碳酸饮料事业的发展，试图在维持短期利润的同时，努力克服长期以来的威胁。

Ms Nestle is impatient. To the casual reader, her suggestions can seem extreme. She writes enthusiastically about adorning soda cans with warning labels, such as pictures of a diabetic's foot ulcer. She suggests that parents should teach their children about fizzy drinks by gently boiling down a Coke or a Pepsi into sludge, which sounds rather fun, and asking them to calculate the precise length of grocery shelves bearing sodas, which sounds less so. This zeal threatens to overshadow her stronger points: fizzy drinks offer no nutritional benefit and impose clear costs—on individuals' health and on society.

奈斯特女士可没那么好的耐心。对于一般的读者，她给的建议似乎很极端。在书中她强烈建议碳酸饮料瓶上面必须贴有糖尿病患者脚部溃烂诸如此类的警示标志。她建议父母们在向孩子们介绍碳酸饮料时，将可口可乐和百事可乐说成是垃圾，这看上去颇为有趣，并要求孩子们去算算杂货店摆满碳酸饮料的货架究竟有多长，这听上去似乎没那么好笑了。这份热情让斯耐特关于碳酸饮料的观点显得不那么重要了：碳酸饮料没有任何营养价值，对个人的健康没有好处，而且还增加了社会的负担。

篇7：GRE阅读合理提速技巧精讲

GRE阅读合理提速技巧精讲做题更快正确率也不能丢

GRE阅读控速提速方法：词汇基础打扎实

做GRE阅读时，并不需要认识文章里的所有单词。如果章中一些名词不认识，可以去猜，练习猜词的能力，毕竟考试中肯定会有词不认识，要根据上下文推测下。

但是，如果是一些重要的形容词，名词，动词，那么还是要熟悉才行。因为这些词反映了作者的态度和文章转折等结构，所以要做到对这些词熟练认识，形成条件反射，一看到就能反应出词义。

建议可以去背下阅读类单词表，平时做阅读时对于重要的可以推理作者态度的词也总结背下来。

GRE阅读控速提速方法：每天练习长难句

建议各位考生保持每天都练习一下长难句，以不看答案，自己分析为标准。每看完一句长难句，都做一下相关训练，对提高阅读速度非常有帮助。看长难句最好每天都花一个小时，看的时候逐渐增加阅读速度。

GRE阅读控速提速方法：速度训练

很多教材都介绍了很多阅读把握逻辑框架的技巧，比如not only后的跳过，but also后的重点读，however后的要重点度之类的。建议大家不能盲目记这些技巧，最好亲手总结适合自己的方法，毕竟很多时候gre细节题考的都是一些要”跳过的“插入语，或者for example之后的内容。如果读的时候直接跳过了，就会有问题。比如一篇反驳老观点的阅读，看到第一个词many people，就可以扫过这句找however，因为however肯定是指出他的不足和他对比，通过however的观点，脑子里就可以推出many people 的观点，这样就可以略过不少内容。同时，一定要边读边动脑子，而不是盲目吸收信息。大家都知道新gre是逻辑考试，不是简答的语言考试，不要用做中学英语阅读的那套。如果阅读中遇到读不懂的长难句，就仔细破解，找主谓宾，静下心来破解。这样把握了结构做题的时候，遇到主旨题，细节题，作者态度题就可以直接解决，不用回头看文章，然后遇到细节题，回去快速定位找下，毕竟文章理解了，定位会很快。

GRE阅读控速提速方法：卡时间训练

可以从每篇文章6分钟，5分钟，4分钟等逐渐减少时间的方法根据个人情况一步步训练。根据每篇文章分配的时间，来有取舍的读，每篇短阅读2分钟读完，能读多少是多少，但是要把整体文章读完。还要求宏观读全文，文章把握住逻辑结构和观点即可，细节不要太深究，加快节奏。

以上就是GRE阅读控制解题速度和提速方法的介绍，希望大家都能在GRE阅读考试中把握好考试时间，顺利取得满意的成绩。

GRE阅读练习

The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response) of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?

(A) Explicate their main features

(B) Suggest an alternative to them

(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them

(E) Present findings that qualify them

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the

(A) size of their livers

(B) constitution of their skin

(D) sensitivity of their antigens

(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes

19. According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the

(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched

(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver

(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction

(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction

20. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors’ hypothesis?

I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.

II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.

III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.

IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.

(A) II only

(B) I and III only

(D) I, II, and III only

(E) I, III, and IV only

Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than (little more than: 和...无差别[一样]) placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.

Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since (ever since: adv.从那时到现在). These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.

Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time (running time: (程序)执行时间, 运行时间). From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.

21. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema

(B) describe the impact on cinema of the flashback and other editing innovations

(D) analyze the changes in the cinema wrought by the introduction of the multireel film

(E) document Griffith’s impact on the choice of subject matter in American films

22. The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) film editing

(B) camera work

(D) sound editing

(E) directing

23. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was

(A) 15 minutes or less

(B) between 15 and 30 minutes

(D) between 45 minutes and 1 hour

(E) 1 hour or more

24. The author asserts that Griffith introduced all of the following into American cinema EXCEPT:

(A) consideration of social issues

(B) adaptations from Tennyson

(D) photographic approaches inspired by Victorian painting

(E) dramatic plots suggested by Victorian theater

25. The author suggests that Griffith’s contributions to the cinema had which of the following results?

I. Literary works, especially Victorian novels, became popular sources for film subjects.

II. Audience appreciation of other film directors’ experimentations with cinematic syntax was increased.

III. Many of the artistic limitations thought to be inherent in filmmaking were shown to be really nonexistent.

(A) II only

(B) III only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

26. It can be inferred from the passage that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?

(A) The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible.

(B) The most important element contributing to a film’s success is the ability of the actors.

(D) The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.

(E) The proper composition of scenes in a film is more important than the details of their editing.

27. The author’s attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can best be described as

(A) sympathetic

(B) nostalgic

(D) condescending

(E) hostile

答案：17-27：ECDAADAEBCD

篇8：GRE阅读提速不同文章各有技巧

GRE阅读提速不同文章各有技巧长短篇幅阅读提速心得讲解

GRE语文到底有多少阅读题?

按照GRE考试的题目类型和分布情况来说，GRE语文每个部分的20道题目中，通常会有10道左右的阅读题，而这些题目会根据给出的文章长短分配，一般长篇阅读会包含3-4道题，而短篇阅读和逻辑阅读则只会附带1-2道题，以1道题居多。

GRE长篇阅读提速技巧分析

首先，每场GRE考试中，只会出现一篇长篇阅读文章，字数在400字以上。也就是说，除非考生在五个语文+数学的部分中遭遇到三个语文二个数学，而不计分的那个语文部分又罕见地出现了第二篇长阅读文章，一般来说考生在整场考试中只需要面对一篇长阅读文章。一篇长阅读会有四道附属题目。因此，针对长篇阅读，建议考生把它留到最后解决。这么做的原因有二：首先，考试中始终保持思路的流畅和头脑的清醒十分重要，而完成长篇阅读则很容易让你的思维变得混乱，影响之后的做题;其次，从效率上来说，由于所有题目的分值都完全相同，而做长篇阅读显然会花费超过平均1.5分钟的时间，因此得分效率是最低的，所以留到最后解决才是上策。

GRE逻辑阅读如何提升速度?

除了长篇阅读文章外，阅读类题型中的逻辑阅读题也常常会成为时间杀手。这类阅读文章本身长度一般，而且只会附带一道题目，但由于其对逻辑思维能力的考察要求，文章本身往往在逻辑上极其复杂，提问方法也常常千奇百怪，考生需要在对全文都有充分理解的基础上才能做好题目，可以说难度极高，也常会花费大家大量时间。因此，在面对此类逻辑阅读题时，如果考生没有把握在平均时间内做完，建议也可以留到稍后单独解决，或直接通过排除法结合猜测快速选出可能的答案，毕竟只为了一道题目浪费太多时间，是十分不划算的。

GRE短篇阅读也要提升解题速度

短篇阅读是GRE考试中比较受考生欢迎的一类阅读题，由于其文章篇幅较短，无论从阅读量还是理解要求上都比较低，题目也往往相对简单，因此考生可以快速而准确地完成短篇阅读。当然，即使是看似简单的短篇阅读，也偶尔会有难题出没。但无论如何，还是建议大家在看到短篇阅读题时优先解决，快速地积累分数。

GRE阅读：复述题型的介绍

复述题是最简单的题型，但也是GRE阅读部分出现得最多的题型。只要你能定位原文，问题就迎刃而解。题目问的内容中都已经在原文直接提到，只是用同义词或者不同的语言组织改写而已。常见的改写方式有形容词与副词之间的改写，动词与动名词之间的改写。技巧在于寻找词根。复述改写题提问的是文章中的某个细节，如组织结构词(原因，特点)，学科术语，行业术语，比喻，符号或者具体的数字。只要你能准确定位，这些题都比较简单，因为只是对原文的复述或改写：

According to the passage/author...

The author states that...

The author mentions which one of the following as...

一般说来，这些题都会告诉你很直接的定位线索，如“在文章中的第几行”或者和文章结构密切相连的词或短语。你也许记得我前面告诉你的“跳过阅读理解文章中的细节部分而将重点放在文章的主题，范围和作者的用意上。”这看起来好像和非常细节的复述改写题相矛盾。事实上，文章中有很多很多细节，而这么多的细节当中只有很少的一部分在以后问题中问及。奇怪的是这些被考到的细节你很快就能在文章中定位，因为有一部分你在阅读时已经记住;问题会告诉你在文章中的哪一行;或者为了回答这些问题你必须自己找到这些细节。

GRE阅读：高分备考方法

在N次的感悟及扫遍所有市面上见到和见不到的出国考试GRE阅读题的基础上，创出一套以此法为依托的“葵花宝典”，最终实现了上面所言之境界。集中突破法，顾名思义，就是在短时间里集中突破思维的极限达到出题人的高度去审视每道题背后的东西，从而提前迅速地围追堵截，实现阅读飞跃。

突破原则：10—15天，以NO题为蓝本，《难句》一书，再辅以LSAT武火锤炼。但是前提是你现在已经做完所有的NO题一遍，且已经达到第三阶段的要求与现象，即在规定的时间内错题在3—5以内，规定时间是在15—18分钟内。

记住：集中突破法直接决定你最后达到的GRE阅读备考高度，所以一个人一生只能用一次，如果你还没有这种水平，奉劝你切勿操之过急，否则永远也达不到一个全新的高度，一定要达到第三阶段的水平再练，切记!另外，一旦开始，就不能停下，直至完成，否则前功尽弃，后果不堪设想!

篇9：雅思阅读提速技巧

雅思阅读提速技巧经验分享

1.先看题目后阅读

考试时，一定是先看阅读题再看原文。

注意：

(1)阅读试题每一部分的开头与结尾;

(2)每部分有多少道题;

(3)每部分的答题时间;

(4)先回答哪些问题。

在开始阅读所给文章前，应首先弄清需要回答的问题，再带着这些问题，去读那些与答题有关的部分。这样就可以节省出更多时间，达到事半功倍的效果。

2.主旨题+细节题

主旨题与细节题考察考生是否具备掌握主旨、查找细节的能力。

主旨题：List of Headings

细节题：除List of Headings以外的所有题型，包括T/F/NG、Matching、Summary、Multiple Choice等。

对于主旨题，我们主要通过把握段落结构(总分、分总、总分总、分总分)，重点抓住该段的主题句和反复出现的词汇(即高频词或核心词)，来进行突破。一般来说，主题句50%以上在段首句。

做雅思阅读细节题时一定要先确定关键词然后回原文中定位，找一一对应关系。其中，T/F/NG题考察的是理解原文具体细节的精确度。而Matching题则考察学生查找细节的速度。

先做主旨题再做细节题可以使定位细节变得更快更准确。

3.合理安排阅读答题时间

平时在家备考雅思阅读的时候就要养成比较好的做题习惯，计时并且是细到每篇雅思阅读文章计时!第一篇一般8分钟完成，第二篇和第三篇分别是12-15分钟，超过时间发现题目还没有做完就不要再思考了。不要在某道小题目上思考太久，争取把能够做对的题目全都做对。

4.注意力训练：20分钟完成一篇文章

一开始训练雅思阅读，很多考生可能无法适应1小时3篇阅读文章的题量?很难注意力集中?

这时候可以做拆分练习，20分钟做完一篇雅思阅读文章，坚持1个月之后，随着对雅思阅读题型的熟悉，注意力逐渐能够长时间集中之后，很多考生就能适应这种高强度的雅思阅读考试了。

5.单项训练：一次做一个题型

雅思阅读的题型很多，除了基本的单选和填空题，还包括判断、段落理解题，不同的题型的考察重点不同，比如，List of Headings考察是段落理解能力，True/ False / Not given考察的是句子理解能力。有针对性的答题往往会总结出适合自己的答题规律。

6.“换句话说“别看了

“换句话说、也就是说”意味着后面的内容与前面一致或是对前面的解释，因此只用看前面的内容即可。

常见的表达有：that is (to say)，put another way，in other words等。

如：“The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘public good’, rather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself.”(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 3) 略掉“Put another way”后面的内容，只看前面。

7.“论据“不看

为了论证观点，文章中经常会大量出现各式各样的论据，但它们并不是文章的重点。故概览文章时，论据可以先忽略不看。

而常见的“论据”形式有：

含“举例”的句子：for example / instance，e.g.，such as等;

含“数据”的句子：百分比(%，percentage)，描述统计结果的数字;

引用名人/专家言论(直接/间接引语)的句子;

以some，a few，others等表达“某些”的单词为开头的句子。

8.同义词的替换

雅思阅读相比托福阅读，雅思会更加体现词汇量的重要性，特别是在雅思的阅读中，经常会出现同义的互换。所以，在日常生活中，大家应该加强同义互换能力的锻炼。

往往正确答案是原文的是这样写的，可是关键考点单词有可能被同义替换掉。如果不懂得同义词的使用的话，你可能会一脸懵。所以在日常生活中，我们应该多去扩展同义词、近义词和反义词等的积累。

9.整理阅读词库

在平时的阅读过程中，习惯性的去积累整理自己的词库语库，日常可以多去翻看阅读，这比你耗时间去背诵记词来得更快，在阅读的过程中一方面把题目做完了，一方面还能通过语境把词汇背下来，这样背单词记得会更牢。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选

Don‘t wash those fossils!

Standard museum practice can wash away DNA.

1.Washing，brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

2.Instead，excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves，and freezing samples as they are found，dirt and all，concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.

3.Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA，Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris，France，and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information，they say，needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.

4.Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species，called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947，and stored in a museum collection，or in 2004，and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.

5.The team’s attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils，however，all yielded DNA.

6.Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time，and in the same conditions，the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，” she says.

Wash in，wash out

7.Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone，their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA，Geigl explains.

8.The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath，which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out，but contamination is getting washed in，” says Geigl.

9.Most ancient DNA specialists know this already，says Hendrik Poinar，an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario，Canada. But that doesn‘t mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10.Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators，says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig，Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases，he says.

11.P??bo’s team，which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA，continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains，there‘s a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.

12.This doesn’t mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed，notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab，for example，had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl‘s recommendations — just in case.

Warm and wet

13.Geigl herself believes that，with cooperation between bench and field researchers，preserving fossils properly could open up avenues of discovery that have long been assumed closed.

14.Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place，and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason，Geigl says，most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples，such as the woolly mammoth，or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.

15.Better conservation methods，and a focus on fresh fossils，could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens，says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.

(640 words nature )

Glossary

Palaeontologists 古生物学家

Aurochs 欧洲野牛

Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

Questions 1-6

Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1.How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2.What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3.What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE.

4.What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5.What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6.The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7.In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ，Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8.The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9.Geneticists don’t have to work on site.

10.Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11.Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13

Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer.

12.“This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13.The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.

[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered DNA.

[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.

[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.