托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词介绍
“deng”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词介绍，这里小编给大家分享一些托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词介绍，方便大家学习。
篇1：托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词介绍
托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词汇总介绍
托福口语阅读部分信号词一览
阅读为通知，政策等表示要求的词
require, decide,ask, demand, announce, be supposed to, should, be ought to etc.
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：并列,递进
and, also, as well, besides, what’s more, in addition,
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：列举，增加
and, in addition to, one more thing, also, plus
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：顺序
first, to begin with, first of all, initially,first thing first, second, apart from that, on top of that, more than that,another factor should be taken into consideration is that, finally, last butnot least,
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：转折
but, however, nevertheless, yet, although
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：解释
That is, in particular, I mean, In this way,To put it another way, In other words, That is to say, …so to speak, …let’ssay
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：因果
As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Therefore, Due to, Thanks to, On account of, since
托福口语备考之独立口语：用新建筑取代旧建筑
独立话题
Should old buildings be replaced by new buildings?
I think the old buildings should be preserved. I have two reasons to support my opinion. Firstly, old buildings are precious property of human being. We will lose those valuable historical buildings permanently if we don't preserve them. Once a historical building is destroyed, we can never restore it. Secondly, old buildings are a symbol of a city and a valuable tourist resource. Think about the Forbidden City and The Summer Palace in Beijing. They are the relics of the city and carrying great historical and cultural information. Every year they attract visitors from all over the world, which generates profound tourist income.
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1. Old buildings attract people.
America’s downtown revivals suggest that people like old buildings. Whether the feeling is patriotic, homey, warm, or reassuring, older architecture tends to fit the bill. Regardless of how they actually spend their lives, Americans prefer to picture themselves living around old buildings. Some eyes glaze over when preservationists talk about “historic building stock,” but what they really mean is a community’s inventory of old buildings ready to fulfill new uses.
2. Old buildings are reminders of a city’s culture and complexity.
By seeing historic buildings — whether related to something famous or recognizably dramatic — tourists and longtime residents are able to witness the aesthetic and cultural history of an area. Just as banks prefer to build stately, old-fashioned facades, even when located in commercial malls, a city needs old buildings to maintain a sense of permanency and heritage.
托福口语备考之独立口语：哪个职业应该高薪
Who should be paid more: a nurse, a teacher, or an officer?
From my perspective, nurse should receive the highest salary among these three. First of all, nurse has a great deal of responsibility. They provide hands on care to patients, make patients feel more comfortable, and assist in many aspects of patient care from dispensing medicine to drawing blood to simply talking with patients. Secondly, nurses have educational requirements. Depending on the type of nurse, their schooling may involve 6-8 years of education, which means they have to spend a lot of money and efforts in finishing their school. Therefore, nurses should definitely receive a higher pay.
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The must-know cons of being a nurse
You will be exposed to all types of germs and viruses. If you are squeamish, nursing is probably not your best career choice. Nurses deal with blood and other bodily fluids. They are also exposed to all types of viruses and other pathogens.
Some days will be overwhelming. The job can be stressful for a variety of reasons. For example, there may be times you are short staffed or get a sudden increase in new patients to treat.
Patients do not always want or appreciate help. It would be great if all your patients thanked you and were polite. But that is not how it works in the real world. Some patients are easy to work with and others are not.
You will see sad situations. There will be times in your nursing career where you witness sad or tragic situations. Patients do not all make it, and watching someone die can be tough.
You may have to work holidays, nights and weekends. Working as a nurse is not a 9-5 job Monday through Friday. Nurses who work in hospitals and nursing homes are needed around the clock.
You may have to work varied shifts including nights.
篇2：托福综合口语中阅读部分5大类信号词介绍
There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.'
“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：
and， furthermore， more， than， that， also， likewise， moreover， in addition， what is more， for instance， for example
篇3：托福综合口语中阅读部分5大类信号词介绍
I’d like to go but I’m too busy.
“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：
although， however， on the contrary， but， in spite of， otherwise， despite， nevertheless， yet
篇4：托福综合口语中阅读部分5大类信号词介绍
As a result of the pilots’ strike， all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.
所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：
for， thus， because， for this reason， so， therefore， as， since， consequently
篇5：托福综合口语中阅读部分5大类信号词介绍
Internet speeds communication between companies， among co-workers through video-conferences， and among other individuals. First， media companies use the Internet for online news， or to broadcast audio and video， including live radio and television programs， while individuals use the Internet for communication， entertainment， finding information， buying and selling goods and services. Second， the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time， with real-time video and sound. Finally， scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research， distribute lecture notes or course materials to students， they communicate with colleagues， and can also publish papers and articles.
抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：
first， second， third， and so on， then， after， before， next， last， afterward， finally
篇6：托福综合口语中阅读部分5大类信号词介绍
In conclusion， I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：
as a result， finally， therefore， accordingly， in short， thus， consequently， in conclusion， so， in brief， in a word
新托福口语考试中的阅读材料只是一个百十来字的段落，阅读时我们不应把每个句子都孤立开来，而是要把所有的句子连成一个整体，通过准确把握句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来挖掘段落的核心意义。
托福口语中地道表达购物场景的句子
1.Charge or debit? (Credit or debit?) 使用信用卡或是电子钱包?
Charge (Credit) 指的就是一般我们说的信用卡， 信用卡使用上很方便， 但若是没有收入又没有社会安全卡， 是很难申请到信用卡的.而我们的提款卡 (ATM 卡) 就是debit， 它会从你的支票户头直接扣钱. 一般而言， 只要去有刷卡的地方都会被问这一句， 刚来美国的人常常对这句话感到莫名奇妙， 不知道这句话到底在问什么， 其实只要了解什么是 charge 什么是 debit， 这句话就不难了解， 视你是使用信用卡还是 ATM 卡而回答. 使用信用卡就说charge， 使用 ATM 卡就答 debit。
2. Cash back? 是否要找回现金?
在美国跨行提款的手续费是$1.5，够吓人的吧? 可是偏偏美国那么大， 你要找到跟发卡银行同一家银行的提款机谈何容易? 那这是不是意谓着每次去提领现金都要负担高额的手续费?其实只要你善用cash back 这个功能，那情况就完全不一样了， cash back 就是说假设你买10块的东西， 但刷卡时你可以刷30元， 剩下的20元他会拿现金20 块找你， 如此出门就不必带着大笔的现金， 又不必负担高额的提款手续费.唯一缺点是有金额限制， 有些店最多可 cash back $50， 有些店只能 cash back $20.一般的情形是只有 ATM 卡才能 cash back 的， 一般的信用卡是不行的， 但是有些特别的信用卡， 如 Discover， 也有提供 cash back 的功能. 他的优点在于不受发卡银行提款机的限制， 我在亚特兰大拿的 ATM 卡到波士顿一样可以 cash back， 而且完全不收手续费， 请大家多加利用。
3. How are you going to pay? 你要怎么付款?
不住在美国的人， 或是刚来美国的人听到这句话一定觉得丈二金刚摸不着头脑.其实这句话跟 Charge ordebit这句话很像， 问的就是你要用什么方式付款如信用卡(credit card) 提款卡 (debit card) 或是现金 (cash) 来付帐.这句话在“电子情书”这部电影中曾出现过，在男主角去女主角的书店买东西时， 店员就问男主角这句， 汤姆汉克就答： cash. 就是付现的意思了。
4. Double coupon.双重折价卷.
我想只要在美国待过一阵子的人， 都知道利用coupon 来省钱的道理吧! 所谓的 coupon， 就是由制造商所发行的一种折价卷， 如 Save 50c 的 coupon (折价卷)可以让你在结帐时少付50c， 然后再由这些商店拿着这些 coupon 去跟制造商换钱.
那什么是 double coupon 呢? 就是在美国有一家很有名叫 Kroger的grocery store. 为了促销， 所推行的一种政策.他们宣称拿着50c的 coupon 去他们的店里买东西， 就可以折价 1 元， 折价的金额足足多了一倍. 多馀的这 50c 是 Kroger 给顾客的优惠. 但是也有一些限制， 例如，每张 coupon 的面额不得超过 75c， 而且对同样一个商品， double coupon 只能使用一次.
5. Bring your receipt to the customer service， and they will refund you. 把你的收据拿给顾客服务部， 他们就会退钱给你.
美国是个很重视消费者权益的国家， 所以几乎每个商家， 都一定会有一个专门的customer service 柜台. 有任何的问题去找他们， 他们多半会给你满意的答复.我是觉得去超市买东西， 他们算错钱的比例蛮高的， 只要发现收据上有任何问题， 就可以拿着收据去 customer service 要求退钱 (refund). 我觉得老美也蛮有人情味的， 有一次我结帐时忘了拿会员卡出来， 以致于多付了六七块钱， 虽然这是我自己的错， 但是当我拿着会员卡和收据去跟 customer service 说明后， 他们还是把钱退给我.，让我觉得十分感动。
6. I want to take the raincheck for the eggs. 我要拿一张鸡蛋的 raincheck.
有时候某样商品大特价， 该样商品很快地就被抢购一空了.这样的情形如果是在台湾， 商家一定会说， 卖完了就卖完了， 我也没办法. 可是美国的制度很有意思， 这样特价品卖完了没关系， 你可以去跟他们领一张raincheck。等到过一段时间后 (也许等到该样商品特价结束了) 你还是可以用特价时的价钱去购买该样商品. 这样的制度真的让人觉得很贴心.所谓的raincheck 指的是球赛若因雨而延赛， 则球迷可以把入场卷换成raincheck， 先保留这张票的权利， 以便日后可以补看球赛。
7. I am sorry you are on the Cash Only Lane 我很抱歉你现在是在只收现金的结帐道上。
Cash Only 故名思义就是只收现金， 其它的什么信用卡， 支票都一律不收. 通常是商家为了增快结帐的速度所以才会设 Cash Only Lane. 可是刚来美国时， 标示都没注意在看， 要是走到这一个 lane， 身上的现金又偏偏不够时， 那麻烦就大了， 你就必须花 $1.5 的提款手续费去领 $20 来给他， 真是气人.此外还有很多不同的lane， 例如 Express Lane， 可能是只受理少于十样商品的顾客， 总之， 要结帐前先看清标示就不会吃大亏。
8. The price will go down. 这价钱将会降低.
个人经验 go down 跟 go up 很好用， 当你不知道用什么动词， 如 increase 或 surge， 就用 goes up， 像是有一次我去买汽车保险， 我一直想问他如果我一年当中都没有理赔， 那明年的保费会不会降低? 这个降低我就一直想不起来要用decrease 好还是 lower 好， 结果后来我才听他说， “The price will go down.” 是不是听来很顺. 再说一个例子， 比如作实验时浓度上升， 这个上升你可以说 increase， 但也可以说， “Theconcentration goes up.” 听来是不是也不错?另外类似的口语讲法， 你可以用 rise 跟 drop 来代表 go up和 go down. 例如 “The price will drop.”。
9. We have a clearance sale today. 我们今天清仓大拍卖.
Clearance sale 算是固定的用法， 就是所谓的清仓大拍卖， 可惜我在美国还没听过 “跳楼大拍卖” 的讲法， 不然一定也很有趣. 另外， 我们去店里如果要找这些拍卖的商品， 我们可以问店员说， “Where can I find theclearance items?” 所谓的 clearance item 就是清仓货， 零码货的意思， 或是 odd sizes 也代表零码货的意思。
10. Can you give me the invoice? 能不能给我一张发票?
常听到有人在问发票这个字的英文怎么讲? 就是 invoice 这个字啦! 只可惜在美国买东西一般都只给收据receipt. 害我们少了很多对发票中大奖的乐趣 (人真的是为了希望而活!!) 只有在买大件的东西， 如汽车保险时， 他们才会给你所谓的发票 (invoice)。
托福口语的七个评分标准
新托福的评分标准包括答题中心是否切题、结构的严密性、发音和词汇的运用等，以下内容供大家参考了解。
托福口语评分标准一：中心是否切题：
解释：考察考生所表达的口语内容是否完整、准确地回答了题目的要求。考察重点在于考生是否能够准确理解题意和准确迎合题意两个层次。
托福口语评分标准二：意思是否明白：
解释：考察考生所表达的口语内容是否能够被明白地理解，还是表面上很流利，而实际上语义含糊、不知所云。
托福口语评分标准三： 结构是否严密：
解释：考察考生是否有能力将口语用严密的结构和逻辑表达出来，还是缺乏层次，信马由缰。
托福口语评分标准四：表达是否连贯：
解释：考察考生口语的语流是否有停顿，这包括思维停顿和表达停顿两方面的原因或表现。但此标准并未对考生的口语表达速度作硬性的要求
托福口语评分标准五：发音是否清楚：
解释：考察考生的发音是否能够做到纯正、清晰。起码理解起来并不因为口音的问题存在障碍。
托福口语评分标准六：语法是否正确：
解释：考察考生是否能够熟练的使用较复杂的句子结构表达思想，同时尽量避免错误。
托福口语评分标准七：词汇是否熟练：
解释：考察考生是否可以掌握足够的 英语 (论坛) 词汇进行表达，考察重点在熟练度和准确度两个方面。但此标准并未对考生的用词难度作硬性的要求。
托福口语26-30分考生的共同优点
1. 他们的语音语调比较标准，或者说非常标准。
2. 他们的语言表达非常的流利连贯。
3. 他们在考场上表现的自信和大方。
对于正在备考的朋友来说，这三大优点，是完全可以提前培养好的。我给大家推荐的一个方法——“语段朗读法”。
用这个方法练发音，要注意六点：
1. 段子的难度要适中!比如，你不要拿GRE阅读来练发音朗读。要想清楚，你要做的朗读段子练发音，而不是练阅读理解。
2. 这个阅读材料要有一个漂亮的音频跟它相匹配，这样你跟着音频去跟读，去朗读。
3. 了解语音语调知识。比如说哪些音和哪些音容易混淆。
4. 朗读时，声音要端坐挺胸、大声清晰、音调准确。
5. 你在读这个东西的时候，你可以把它录下音来，让你周围的朋友，英语发音比较或的朋友去帮你听一听，把你的错误给你挑出来。
6. 阅读的材料，不在于你读了多少段，而在于在读每一段，每一遍，你是不是有所改进。你把10-20个段子，每个段子都读得特别棒，就OK了。
篇7：托福口语中阅读部分各类常见信号词
阅读为通知，政策等表示要求的词
require, decide,ask, demand, announce, be supposed to, should, be ought to etc.
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：并列,递进
and, also, as well, besides, what’s more, in addition,
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：列举，增加
and, in addition to, one more thing, also, plus
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：顺序
first, to begin with, first of all, initially,first thing first, second, apart from that, on top of that, more than that,another factor should be taken into consideration is that, finally, last butnot least,
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：转折
but, however, nevertheless, yet, although
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：解释
That is, in particular, I mean, In this way,To put it another way, In other words, That is to say, …so to speak, …let’ssay
托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：因果
As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Therefore, Due to, Thanks to, On account of, since
托福口语临场考试注意事项
练习要在平时积累。有机会就通过录像机、录音机或光盘，有意识或无意识地跟听或跟说英语，也可以上网与北美人士交流。虽说新托福口语主要考查交际、交流能力，但语音、语调和重音都会影响到成绩。建议平时多练习对墙、对镜子说话，力图达到自然流畅的程度。提供大家一个好办法：录下自己练习时的声音，扪心自问，别人是否能明白你所说的?临场最重要的是抓住重点，这个原则体现在多个方面。阅读短文时，注意话题和概括内容，不要试图记住一切细节。听录音对话和课堂讲座时，把握中心思想，特别注意说话人经常重复的关键词和概念。记笔记时，只记录重要观点、例证和原因。此外，还要合理分配时间，仔细审题，参考笔记，考虑如何表达。注意：要有两到三个论据支持你所表达的观点。
临场注意事项
考试时对着话筒答题要发音清晰，措辞要小心，特别是内容要求的重要词汇;语速要正常，不快不慢，表达结构简单明了，使用过渡词，使用熟悉的词汇。
注意所剩时间，掌握好节奏，把该表达的都表达出来。如时间允许，可加上简单的总结结尾或将重要观点总结一下。
托福口语：表达怀疑的20个句子
1. Do you believe him? 你相信他的话吗?
2. Do you believe it? 你相信吗?
3. I think it's hard to believe. 我觉得这很难相信。
4. it's too good to be true. 哪有这等好事?
5. I don't buy your story. 我才不信你的鬼话呢。
6. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。
7. Really? 真的吗?
8. Are you kidding me? 你在逗我呢吧?
9. You must be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑。
10. Are you joking? 你开玩笑吧?
11. Are you serious? 你是认真的吗?
12. I doubt it. 我怀疑。
13. I am doubtful about that 我对此表示怀疑。
14. Don't expect me to believe this. 别指望我相信这事。
15. It can't be true. 不可能是真的。
16. How is that possible? 那怎么可能呢?
17. He is a doubting Thomas. 他是个疑心很重的人。
18. I never take him too seriously. 我从来不把他的话当真。
19. I feel puzzled. 我感到很茫然。
20. It's doubtful whether this will work. 我怀疑这会不会起作用。
与数量有关的托福口语练习
1. It takes me three clear / cleanly days. 它花了我整整三天时间。
2. There are fifty and odd (or and more) students in our class. 我们班有五十余人。
3. The total expense amount to a hundred dollars. 全部费用合计100 美元。
4. We were fifteen， all told. 我们一共十五人。
5. The delegation consisted of 15， inclusive of (including) two interpreters. 代表团共十五人，包括两名翻译在内。
6. There were fifty people present， not counting (excluding) the children. 出席者达五十人， 儿童未计算在内。
7. We take a rest at intervals of two hours. 我们每隔两小时休息一次。
8. I ask you to teach me every other day. 我请你每隔一天来教我。
9. Beijing is ten times as big as my home town. 北京有我的家乡十个那么大。
10. The sun is a huge blazing ball， a million times larger than the earth. 太阳是个庞大的炽燃火球，比地球大一百多万倍。
11. By comparison with 1992， the foreign trade turnover of that country in increased (to) 3.5 times. 与1992年相比，这个国家对外贸易总额增加了2.5 倍(增加到3.5 倍)。
12. That table measures three feet by three. 那张桌子三英尺长，三英尺宽。
13. He valued the house for me at ?，500. 这房子他替我作价为三千五百镑。
14. His coat is rated at 20 yuan. 他的大衣值价二十元。
15. The job was finished at a sitting (a stretch). 这工作一下子(一口气)就做完了。
托福口语之如何结束一段对话
Formal
1、We can continue this conversation tomorrow. 我们可以明天继续谈。
2、What do you say if we end this conversation here? 我们就谈到这里，你看怎么样?
3、Is it alright if we finish this debate another time? 我们改天再解决这一争论好吗?
Informal
1、Let‘s finish up. 让我们结束吧。
2、Let’s talk about this later. 这我们以后再谈。
3、I don‘t have anything more to say. 我要说的都说完了。
Ending a telephone conversation 结束电话交谈
Formal
1、Thank you for your time. 谢谢你抽空和我谈话。
2、I hope we can keep in touch. 希望我们能经常保持联络。
3、We should try to call each other more often. 我们应该经常地通通话。
Informal
1、Got to go. 我得走了。
2、Catch you later. 待会儿见。
3、Talk to you soon. 我会再打电话给你的。
Ending a chat online 终止在线聊天
Formal
1、I have to end our conversation now. 我现在必须结束我们的谈话了。
2、Let’s meet again on-line soon. 让我们很快在网上再见。
3、I‘m dying to chat with you on-line again. 我非常渴望能和你再次在网上聊天。
Informal
1、Got to get offline. 我要下线了。
2、Let’s chat later. 我们过些时候再聊。
3、Good chatting with you. 和你聊得很开心。
篇8：10大类托福阅读中常见的逻辑关系词
这10大类托福阅读中常见的逻辑关系词你都认识吗?
1、Condition 条件/ 因为 (if )
后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
if // unless // whether // provided that // // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on
2、Time 时间 (when )
before // since // as // until // meanwhile // at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as
3、Summary 总结 (in a word)
作者的最后总结
in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述 // in short // in a word
4、Example举例 (for example)
for example // for instance // just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是
5、Reason原因 ( because)
since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause
6、And 并列关系 (and)
in addition // and // similarly // likewise // as well as // besides // furthermore // also // moreover // too// not only ... but // even // besides this/that
7、Sequence 顺序 (then)
出现的时候表示列举
first// initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier/later // following this/that // afterwards
8、Consequence 结果 (so)
前面是后面的结果 // 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了。
as a result// thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // tn that case // admittedly
9、Contrast转折 (but )
表对前面论述的转折 // 一般后面才是作者观点
however// on the other hand // despite // in spite of //
though // although // but // on the contrary
otherwise// yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast
10、Certainty 确定 (of course)
强烈的确定 // 后面是作者的坚定论点
obviously// certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly
托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题
Question 41-50
If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation —— conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
4l. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The elements of salt
(B) The bodies of water of the world
(C) The many forms of ocean life
(D) The salinity of ocean water
42. The word “this” in line 5 refers to
(A) ocean
(B) evaporation
(C) salinity
(D) crystals
43. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in
(A) coastal areas
(B) tropical areas
(C) rainy areas
(D) turbulent areas
44. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT
(A) evaporation
(B) precipitation
(C) runoff
(D) melting
45. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body water can best be
inferred from the passage?
(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.
(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
(C) Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
46. The word “altered” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) determined
(B) changed
(C) accumulated
(D) needed
47. The world “it” in line 18 refers to
(A) sea ice
(B) salinity
(C) seawater
(D) manner
48. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?
(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations
(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing
(D) To point out the location of deep waters
49. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?
(A) The salt remains in the water.
(B) The surrounding water sinks.
(C) Water salinity decreases.
(D) The water becomes denser.
50. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?
(A) It is relatively warm.
(B) Its salinity is relatively high.
(C) It does not move.
(D) It evaporates quickly.
托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题
Questions 31-40
Glacier National park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region.
With encouragement from the park, local landowners initiated a land-use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an interlocal agreement that calls for resource-managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with the objective of maintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and the county, is helping to restrict small-lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment.
The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been stimulated by concerns that Congress would impose a legislative solution.
Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing character of the area.
Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to a dramatically improved understanding of all concerns.
31. The passage mainly discusses
(A) the endangered species in Glacier National Park
(B) the protection of lands surrounding Glacier National Park
(C) conservation laws imposed by the state of Montana
(D) conservation laws imposed by Congress
32. Why are the private lands surrounding Glacier National Park so important?
(A) They function as a hunting preserve.
(B) They are restricted to government use.
(C) They are heavily populated.
(D) They contain natural habitats of threatened species.
33. The word “ones” in line 6 refers to
(A) private lands
(B) endangered species
(C) migratory routes
(D) ranching, timber, agriculture
34. The word “initiated” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) started
(B) requested
(C) purchased
(D) considered
35. The relationship between park officials and neighboring landowners may best be
described as
(A) indifferent
(B) intimate
(C) cooperative
(D) disappointing
36. It can be inferred from the passage that a major interest of the officials of Glacier
National Park is to
(A) limit land development around the park
(B) establish a new Park in Montana
(C) influence national legislation
(D) settle border disputes with Canada
37. In lines 15-16, the author implies that landowners might be responding to environmental
concerns for which of the following reasons?
(A) They wish to stimulate economic growth.
(B) They wish to improve their public image.
(C) They have a tradition of cooperating with the government.
(D) They fear federal legislation.
38. The word “stimulated” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) motivated
(B) anticipated
(C) substituted
(D) undermined
39. The word “retain” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) preserve
(B) possess
(C) enjoy
(D) improve
40. Where in the passage does the author mention the purpose of the plan developed
by local landowners and park officials?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 10-14
(D) Lines 15-17
篇9：托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词
【精选资料】托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词汇总一览
1.显示相同信息的信号词
There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.
“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：
and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2.显示思路转折的信号词
I'd like to go but I'm too busy.
“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet
3.显示因果关系的信号词
As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.
所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：
for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently
4.显示顺序的信号词
Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.
抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally
5.表示结论/总结的信号词
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
托福阅读：得到高分的三个原则
“直”的原则
所谓“直”，是指托福阅读出题思路直接，所有题目的答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。这一特点告诉考生，在解题时，考生一定要根据原文内容来解题，避免“小题大做”，人为地把题目想象得太复杂，否则就是自己给自己找麻烦。
就拿考生熟悉的细节题来说，托福阅读细节题的解题要点有两个要点：一是根据题干关键词回原文定位答案范围;二是将题目选项与原文语句相对照，正确选项往往是原文语句的同义替换。
因此，考生在解题时，一定要对照选项与原文语句之间的异同，找出与原文语句意思相似的选项，也就找到了正确答案。
“细”的原则
所谓“细”，是指考生在利用题干关键词回原文定位答案范围时一定要细心。我们知道，考生在解答托福阅读考试题时，常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围，然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。
由于题干中有些关键词(尤其是专有名词)在原文中不止出现一次，因而考生一定要细心，找出原文中所有含该关键词的句子，然后再从中选择与题干要求接近的句子来定位答案范围，进而选出正确答案。很多考生由于没有注意到这一点，导致定位错误，进而与正确答案失之交臂，实在是非常可惜。
“巧”的原则
所谓“巧”，是指考生在回原文定位答案范围时应该选择恰当的题干关键词，并从托福阅读考试的特点出发，巧妙而又地定位答案范围。“巧”的原则具体体现在以下几个方面：
1、用于定位的题干关键词一般包括人名、地名、数字、关键名词或动词等，考生在回原文定位答案范围时，可同时利用多个关键词进行定位，原文中包含题干绝大多数关键词的部分有可能是答案所在;
2、在利用关键词回原文定位时，考生可根据原文中出现的特殊标点符号(如破折号、连字符、引号、括号等)、数字、专有名词等这些比较明显的提示进行跳读，题干的关键词以及题目的答案范围往往就出现在这些有明显提示信息的表达附近;
3、由于阅读部分的考查点经常与转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑密切相关，因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行定位。结合这三点，考生便能又快又准地找到出题人设计答案所依据的句子，后再按照“直”的原则选择答案。
从上面的分析可以看出，在托福阅读考试中，这三个字的作用是相互关联促进的。我们也要灵活使用，帮助自己迅速解答问题，才能完成托福阅读备考的任务。
托福阅读：怎样探寻托福阅读的规律
如果你在新托福阅读考试之前知道了这个统计结果，即使在考试时你没有完全听懂对话的内容，你也能得出正确的答案。虽然我们不能证明这些“规律”，但是对于历年的考题却从不例外。当然，如果你对自己的听力水平评价很高的话，你可以不冒这个险。
但是，至少它是一个替代的方案。以下是根据历年考题统计得出的结论。当然，如果你自己发现了其它的某些规律，也应该把它总结出来。
(A)当两个人谈到吵或者安静时，后得出的结论总是：宿舍里读书很吵，应该去图书馆。而不会说搬到别的宿舍。
(B)当对话内容涉及演出(音乐会或者电影)或者展览时，后肯定说它非常好。即使他(她)不会欣赏这些展览或者演出，也会虚伪地说“It makes more sense next time”。
(C)当谈到住在校园里还是住在校外时，答案肯定是住在校园。
(D)当谈到某门课老师讲的如何时，回答肯定与“boring”相似;而当谈到课难不难时，肯定说难。
(E)对话谈到作业时，肯定都说作业很多，而且很难。
看到这些可以发现，只要在托福阅读考试中细心，什么困难都不怕。
【托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词介绍】相关文章：
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