人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）第五单元语法：名词性从句
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篇1：人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）第五单元语法：名词性从句
第五单元语法：名词性从句
1. 名词性从句
2. 同位语从句
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的辨析
4. what; whatever; whoever; where引导的名词性从句
5. it 作为形式主语的句型
知识总结与归纳：
（一）名词性从句的结构：名词性从句起名词作用在句中做主语，表语，宾语和同位语构成：主语从句；表语从句；宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有三类：that；whether; wh-疑问词。
例句：
1.The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
2. They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
3. I want to tell the reader that these hills and fields are most beautiful, with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
4. Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.
5. What interested him was that the whole world had been mapped 70 years before Columbus.
6. What is certain that the book has made many people think about the achievements of Zheng He and other Chinese captains and their role in discovering the world.
7. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.
8. This gave him the idea that the Chinese perhaps first discovered America.
（二）同位语从句在名词idea; fact; news; thought; suggestion/advice; problem; proof等词后面带上that+陈述句 这部分从句解释了前面的那些名词所指的内容，与那些名词起着同等作用的句子成分，叫同位语从句。
1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
2. The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips, Speakers’ Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
3. The result that Oxford beat Cambridge by a foot in surprised many.
4. The news that he died was a great shock to his mother.
5. If there’s possibility that you’ll go, I’d like to go with you.
6. I asked myself a question whether the research is worth the trouble.
7. I have no idea what has happened to him.
（三）同位语从句与定语从句的辨析：
that引导的同位语从句解释前面名词的内容，that是连词没有任何意义，在从句中不做任何成分。而定语从句修饰前面的先行词，从句有关系词that; which; who; when; where; why引导，先行词在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语。
1. The news that the plane would take off on time made everyone happy.
2. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
（四）what; whatever; whoever; where引导的名词性从句：what+陈述句：……的话/事/的样子；whatever+陈述句：……的任何东西；whoever+陈述句：做…事的任何人；（以上名词性从句做主语，表语或宾语）；where+陈述句：……的所在，做表语。
1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
2. The schools of the future will probably be quite different from what they are today.
3. If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
4. Whoever comes will be welcome.
5. That is just where they are mistaken.
（五）与“命令，建议，要求, 有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：1）主动结构：should do; 2）被动结构：should be done;（should可以省略）
1. I suggest that he should come another day.
2. The suggestion that the students should learn something practical is worth considering.
3. I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till he came back.
（六）it 作为形式主语的句型：
It is +形容词/名词/名词短语+that 从句。
It is said / reported / predicted that从句。
It is suggested / believed / thought / hoped / found / that从句。
1. It’s a pity that you are leaving.
2. It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
3. It was once predicted that British and American English would become separate languages finally.
【典型例题】
1. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that B. which C. of which D. of that
答案：A
分析：he would die of the disease作fear的同位语。
2. The idea ___ we should have more industry in this area is a good one.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
答案：A
分析：该题考查的是idea后面的同位语从句的引导词的选择。
3. The suggestion ____we have a group of these records printed as soon as possible was accepted by the committee.
A. which B. in which C. that D. whether
答案：C
分析：该题考查的是suggestion的同位语从句的引导词的选择。
4. He told me the news ____ the Queen would visit China the next month.
A. that B. which C. it D. whether
答案：A
分析：the Queen would visit China the next month是一个完整的句子，是the news的解释，故用that引导同位语从句。
5. The fact troubles me much ___ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.
A. which B. because C. why D. that
答案：D
分析：that引导同位语从句，解释the fact。
6. The mother didn’t know to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.（NMF, T ）
A. who B. when C. how D. what
答案：A
分析：know后为宾语从句的省略形式，由题意可知，指人。
7. -I think it’s going to be a big problem.
-Yes, it could be.
-I wonder we can do about it.（NMET 2002）
A. if B. how C. what D. that
答案：C
分析：we can do后无宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。
8. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly he wants.（上海2002春）
A. what B. which C. when D. that
答案：A
分析：give后接双宾语；what引导宾语从句且作wants的宾语。
9. Jack said to meet the American friends.
A. he is pleased B. what he was pleased
C. that he was pleased D. which he pleased
答案：C
分析：宾语从句中应用过去时，同said时态保持一致。He was pleased意义和结构完整。
10. she couldn’t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
答案：A
分析：主语从句中缺少宾语，用what；表语从句的句意问原因，用why。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择
1. He often writes to us expressing his thought _____ one day he’ll come to join us.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
2. He made a suggestion ____ the English test be put off until next Wednesday.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
3. The news _____ the football team won the game made us happy.
A. that B. which C. in which D. what
4. The mere fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.
A. what B. which C. that D. why
5. -Do you really believe there is human race in outer space?
So far there is no proof ____ people from other planets do exist.
A. which B. how C. what D. that
6. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that you has a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
7. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
8. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
二. 完型填空：
As Christmas is coming, there are presents to be bought, cards to be sent, and rooms to be cleaned. Parents are __1__ with difficult jobs of hiding presents from curious young children. If the gifts are large, this is sometimes a real __2__. On Christmas Eve, young children find the excitement almost unbearable. They are torn between the wish to go to bed early so that Father Christmas will bring their presents quickly and the wish __3__ up late so that they will not __4__ the fun. The wish for the gifts usually proves stronger. But though children go to bed early, they often lie __5__ for a long time, hoping to get a short __6__ at Father Christmas.
Last Christmas, my wife and I __7__ hid a few large presents in the storeroom. I __8__ the moment when my son, Jimmy, would __9__ me where that new bike had come from, but __10__ he did not see it.
On Christmas Eve, __11__ took the children hours to go to sleep. It must have been nearly __12__ when my wife and I went quietly into their room and began __13__ stockings. Then I pushed in the __14__ I bought for Jimmy and left it beside the Christmas tree. We knew we would not get much sleep that night, for the children were __15__ to get up early. At about five o’clock the next morning, we were __16__ by loud sounds coming from the children’s room-they were shouting excitedly! __17__ I had time to go out of bed, young Jimmy came riding in the room on his new bike, and his sister, Mary, followed close behind pushing her new baby-carriage. __18__ the baby arrived. He moved __19__ the hands and knees into the room dragging a large balloon behind him. Suddenly it burst. That woke us up __20__. The day had really begun with a bang!
1. A. faced B. met C. filled D. pleased
2. A. question B. matter C. problem D. business
3. A. get B. stay C. stand D. wake
4. A. lose B. break C. miss D. leave
5. A. awake B. wake C. asleep D. sleep
6. A. look B. stare C. glare D. watch
7. A. hopefully B. busily C. gladly D. successfully
8. A. liked B. feared C. surprised D. hated
9. A. answer B. tell C. ask D. search
10. A. sadly B. unluckily C. possibly D. fortunately
11. A. it B. they C. I D. we
12. A. morning B. midnight C. evening D. daybreak
13. A. filling B. sewing C. mending D. preparing
14. A. present B. stocking C. bike D. tree
15. A. going B. sure C. glad D. excited
16. A. troubled B. frightened C. woken D. shocked
17. A. Before B. After C. Until D. Since
18. A. Even B. And C. Soon D. Then
19. A. with B. on C. over D. by
20. A. all B. nearly C. happily D. completely
三. 阅读理解
Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but in fact it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of savage（野人）. It was a town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill smelling color, and large piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the steam-engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of madness. The town contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited（居住）by people equally like one another.
A sunny midsummer day. There was such a thing sometimes even in Coketown. Seen from a distance in such a weather, Coketown lay covered in a smoke of its own. You only knew the town was there, because you knew there could have been no such a place upon the view without a town.
The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day, and the sun was so bright that it even shone through the smoke over Coketown, and could not be looked at steadily. Workers appeared from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face sand looking at coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a smell of hot oil everywhere. The atmosphere of those places was like the breath of hell（地狱）, and their inhabitants wasting with heat, walked lazily in the desert. But no temperature made the mad elephants more mad or more sane（理智的）. Their tiresome heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather and dry. The measured movement of their shadows of wood; while for the summer noise of insects, it could offer all the year round, from the dawn of Monday to the night of Saturday.
1. Which of the following words is NOT properly used to describe Coketown ?
A. unpleasant B. dirty C. noisy D. deserted
2. From the passage we know that Coketown was mainly a（n）_____town.
A. industrial B. agricultural C. historical D. cultural
3. Only _____ were not affected by weather.
A. the workmen B. the habitants C. the steam-engine D. the woods
4. Which is the author’s opinion of Coketown?
A. Coketown should be replaced by woods
B. The town had too much oil in it
C. The town was seriously polluted
D. The town’s atmosphere was unchanged
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择
1. B that引导同位语从句作thought的同位语。
2. C that引导同位语从句作suggestion的同位语。
3. A that引导同位语从句作news的同位语。
4. C that引导同位语从句，解释the fact。
5. D that引导同位语从句，解释no proof。
6. A why引导的表语从句，表原因。
7. D whoever引导主语从句，意为“无论谁”表示强调某人；who引导主语从句，意为“谁”不强调人。The one和Anyone不能引导主语从句。
8. A 主语从句中缺少主语，用what。
二. 完型填空：
1. A，be faced with: 面临藏礼物的难题。
2. C，problem: 指难以处理的事。
3. B，
4. C，根据句子意思：他们面临着二难选择：要么早睡以尽快得到圣诞老人的礼物，要么熬夜以致于不错过有趣的事。
5. A，由于愿望强烈而睡不着。awake 醒着，睡不着。
6. A，希望看一眼圣诞老人。 get a short look at :看一眼。
7. D，从下一句可以看出“去年圣诞节礼物藏得很成功。”
8. B，
9. C，
10. D，我担心儿子会问自行车从哪来的，但幸运的是他没看到。
11. A，除夕之夜，孩子们一般要花几个小时才能睡着。It took…..表示“花费”的句型。
12. B，
13. A，将近半夜，我们俩悄悄走进他们的房间往圣诞袜里装礼物。
14. C，根据前面提到的内容，应该是“我把为Jimmy买的自行车推进来，放在圣诞树旁边。
15. B，我知道那一宿我们不可能睡太久，因为孩子们肯定会起得很早。
16. C，我们被巨大的响声吵醒。
17. A，我还没来得及下床，
18. A，Mary紧随Jimmy后面推着婴儿车进来了，甚至连宝宝也来了。
19. B，指宝宝用手脚爬进来。 on：用
20. D，我们被彻底弄醒了。
三. 阅读理解：
1. D 从全文对整个小镇的描述看；小镇让人感到不舒服，肮脏，充满了噪音。所以D项不符合对小镇的描述。deserted：荒废的。
2. A 整座小镇是一个工业城镇。从这样几处细节可以看出：第一段：It was a town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever.；第二段：Seen from a distance in such a weather, Coketown lay covered in a smoke of its own.；以及第三段：Workers appeared from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face sand looking at coals。
3. C 根据第三段：But no temperature made the mad elephants more mad or more sane（理智的）. Their tiresome heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather and dry.。在第一段曾把the steam-engine比喻为处于疯狂状态的大象。即：the steam-engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of madness.。
4. C 小镇的景色明显受着严重的工业污染。
篇2：人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）语法复习1
：
1. 过去分词做状语
2. 复习分词的各种形式（doing; having done; having been done）做状语。
知识总结与归纳：
（一）过去分词可以做一个陈述句的时间，原因，条件，让步等状语。
结构：过去分词短语，主句（主语+谓语）
相当于
（1）表示被动语态的时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。
例：
1. Kicked out from this company, he had to find a new job.
2. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4. Bent roof and twenty-foot high walls of glass make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.
5. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
7. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. （2）含主系表结构（be+V-ed形式）表示状态或性质的状语从句。
例：
1. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
2. Excited by our success, we decided to celebrate with dinner.
3. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave that company.
4. Well-known for her skill as a designer, she was invited to work with the company.
5. Surprised at what Berry had done, he didn’t know what to say at first.
（二）过去分词表达的动作先于主句的动作，表示：已经被……
结构：having been done短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
1. Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China.
2. After having been examined carefully, the room was locked again.
3. Having been exhausted by the journey, he went straight to bed.
4. Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
（三）复习：现在分词（doing短语）以及它的完成式（having done短语）做时间、原因，条件，让步状语；相当于表示主动意义的状语从句。
例：
结构：doing 短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
当……时，/由于……/如果……
having done短语，主句（主语+谓语……）
已经……之后
1. Living far from school, he is often late.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
5. Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
6. Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
7. Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.
（四）分词短语的逻辑主语应当与主句主语一致。如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。
1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.
2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.
3. The shower being over, we continued working.
（五）总结及解题思路：根据分词短语与主句主语的关系（主动，被动）和时间顺序（在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生）来确定做状语的分词的形式。
（六）分词在陈述句后面，做陈述句的伴随状语或结果状语：表示伴随动作的分词根据它们与主句主语的关系（主动/被动），选用doing或done短语表达。
1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.
2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.
3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. ____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.
分析：根据句意： Harvard大学创建于1636年，“创建”与主句主语Harvard为被动关系。
答案：C
2. Hearing the news, he hurried out, ___ book ___ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie open D. left; lying opened
分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在远方，但他的书还打开着放在桌上。
hurried out和disappeared是连续的动作。而___ book ___ on the table则是伴随的动作。
答案：B
3. Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacking in
分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lack of（缺乏）与主语his parents为主动关系。
答案：B
4. ____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given B. To given C. Giving D. Having given
分析：根据句意：如果给予更多的关注，树会长得更好。____ more attention做条件状语，give与主语the tree为被动关系，用过去分词做状语。
答案：A
5. ___ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
分析：由于走神了，他差点撞到汽车上。lost in thought形容词短语：走神。
答案：C
二. 翻译句子：
1. 泰德拒绝了朋友去海洋公园的邀请，因为他已经去过两次了。
答案：
Having been to the Ocean Park twice, Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go there.
Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go to the Ocean Park because he had been there twice.
2. 从远处看，这个岛屿就象一朵彩云。
答案：
Viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
When it was viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
3. 他出身与一个贫困家庭，只上过两年学。
答案：
Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
4. First built as an exclusive playground for the 60’s jet set by a member of its own, A&P Supermarket heir Huntington Hartford, over the years the club did close some of its luster, but never its beautiful setting.
答案：
翻译：最初的时候，海洋俱乐部只是一个为六十年代有钱人阶层专门建立的私人俱乐部，其创建者Huntington Hartford是A&P超市的继承人，也是富人阶层的一分子。多年之后，俱乐部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那优美的环境依旧保存完好。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. ____ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.
A. Feeling something go B. Feeling something to go
C. To feel something gone D. Having felt something gone
2. ____my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.
A. Not receive B. Not to receive
C. Not received D. Not having received
3. The new machine, if ___ properly, will work for at least ten years.
A. use B. using C. being used D. used
4. ____, the young man is healthy and strong.
A. Fully developed B. Fully developing
C. Having fully developed D. To be fully developed
5. ___ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.
A. When asked B. When asking
C. To be asked D. When he was asking
6. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. Completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
二. 完型填空
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ___1__ and traveling.
Then after returning to the United States from a __2__ trip to Russia .Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __3__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4__ him. The materials between his bones became __5__.
In less than one week after his return, he could not __6___. Every move that he _7___ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’ problem and he might never ___8__ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up ___9___.
Mr. Cousins thought that ___10___ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ___11__, he felt that happy thoughts or _12____ might cure his illness.
He began to _13__ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __14____ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
__15___ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __16___ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __17___ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __18____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __19____.
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __20___.
1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work
2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant
3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit
4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside
5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful
6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see
7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave
8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think
9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement
10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy
11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television
13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment
14. A. day B. week C. month D. year
15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing
16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove
17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that
18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough
19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure
20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness
三. 阅读理解：
A
It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped（紧握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes. B. No
C. I heard you D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece B. the USA C. England D. China
4. What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.
Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ___.
A. man desire to explore what is unknown.
B. man often goes wherever his dreams go
C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.
D. man’s history is his exploration of the world.
2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means ___.
A. vast B. various C. valuable D. practical
3. The author seems to be in favor of ___.
A. doubting the necessity of the space exploration
B. the exploration of space
C. exploring more in space than in sea
D. his experience in space
4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result” refers to the results ___.
A. that are obtained from experience
B. that can be learned as knowledge
C. that can be made use of
D. helping us make further exploration.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A
解析：____ wrong with the engine做全句的原因状语，feel与主语具有主动关系，用-ing形式做状语，go wrong做宾语something的补足语。
2. D
解析：由于没有受到父母的来信，在全句中做原因状语，动作在主句decided to write again动作之前，用-ing 的完成式Not having done结构做状语
3. D
解析：如果被使用恰当，过去分词做条件状语。
4. A
解析：如果进行全面发展，过去分词做状语，与主句主语构成被动关系。
5. A
解析：当被要求讲话时，他说他很高兴。
6. A
解析：当博物馆被完工（竣工）时，它将与明年对公众开放。
二. 完型填空
1. D
解析：他很喜欢他的工作和旅行出差
2. B
解析：从到俄罗斯的令人疲惫不堪的出差回到美国。Tiring预示下文提到的Mr. Cousins生病。
3. D
解析：在旅途中，他把他的身体的体力推向了极限
4. C
解析：于是他的身体内部发生了变化
5. A
解析：他的骨头之间的物质变得脆弱了。本题另外三个选项与主语搭配不合适。
6. C
解析：他几乎无法站立了
7. A
解析：他所做的每一个动作都让他感到疼痛。做运动：make a move
8. B
解析：医生告诉他，他们无法解决他的问题，他可能不能从他的疾病中恢复过来。get over：从病中恢复过来。
9. B
解析：Mr. Cousins拒绝放弃治疗的希望。
10. D
解析：Mr. Cousins认为一些不愉快的想法正在他的体内产生着某种化学变化。此处与下文的happy thoughts相对应。
11. A
解析：他不想进行药物治疗，相反，
12. C
解析：他认为愉快的想法或放声大笑 能治愈他的疾病。
13. D
解析：在住院期间他开始用观看滑稽电视节目来进行实验。experiment on somebody：拿某人做实验。
14. A
解析：他发现白天10分钟的开心大笑能给他带来夜间两小时的舒适睡眠。during the day对应下一句的at night.
15. B
解析：已经肯定医生无法再帮助他了。 deciding :确定。
16. C
解析：他离开医院在旅馆里继续他的实验。
17. A
解析：他在房间里反复看电视娱乐节目，读书，睡觉，做这些事直到他感到累了为止。
18. D
解析：他感到身体足够健康了
19. A
解析：他开始出国度假并在海边跑步锻炼。
20. C
解析：他通过笑使自己恢复了健康。
三. 阅读理解：
A
1. B
解析：细节判断题，根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2. B
解析：根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3. A
解析：根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项文章没有涉及。
4. C
解析：语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。
5. C
解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。
B
1. A
解析：考查文章的主旨大意。从第一段Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known.可知。
2. B
解析：词义猜测。从第二段The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way.可知the areas that will benefit是广泛多样的。文章下文说明获利饿各个方面。
3. B
解析：从全文看，作者对探索太空持赞成态度。
4. C
解析：文章最后一句意思是：但是要确切地说这种实际结果是什么将是不可能的。这种实际结果就是能应用上文所提到的各种领域所获得的利益。
篇3：人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）语法复习2
语法复习：
非谓语动词做名词的定语
There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用
With+名词+补足语
知识总结与归纳：
（一）非谓语动词（to do; doing; done）做名词的定语
修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做……的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语：被……的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被……的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被……的人/事
请看下面几个定语从句以及句中定语从句的简化表达：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party which is to be given in our class at 7:45.
You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的。
3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的。
例句：
1. Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
2. A bridge connecting Asia with North America across the Bering Strait could be a critical link in the proposed global highway which would allow people to travel overland to anywhere in the world.
3. A driver starting off in the evening on the Russian side would arrive in Alaska on the morning of that same day, effectively traveling many hours back in time.
注意：还有一些结构已经形成了固定的短语： doing/done+名词
如：
the fallen leaves a washing machine
spoken English written English
a dressing mirror a waiting room
the coming year boiled water
boiling water等
（二）There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用：
There be + 名词+ to do：有……要做
+doing：有……正在做/发生
+done： 有……被……
There is nothing to worry about.
There are birds singing in the tree.
（三）用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：
with/without+名词+ doing 短语
done短语
to do 短语
介词短语/副词
例句：
1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.
2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.
3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.
4. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
分析：With a lot of difficult problems _____ 意思是“有这么多难题要解决，”因此使用with+名词+to do 形式。
答案：C
2. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语与全句动作同步。
答案：B
3. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. to discuss
分析：难道你不觉得明天要讨论的问题很重要吗？_____ tomorrow做定语修饰名词the question，表示：“将要被讨论的……” 用to be done 结构做定语。
答案：C
4. The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
分析：The picture ____ on the wall：挂在墙上的画。Hang在句中是不及物动词。hanging做picture的定语。
答案：B
二. 翻译句子：
1. Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful.
答案：尽管人生有许多烦扰，但更多的是感恩。
2. The Amazon has over a thousand tributaries feeding into it. The entire river system is the size of North America.
答案：亚马孙河由一千多条支流汇交而成。整个水系覆盖的面积如北美洲一样大。
3. There is every reason to be hopeful about the future. As I make visits around the country, I see at first hand the effort being made to bring communities together.
答案：我们有理由对未来充满希望。在我巡视全国时，我亲眼看到人们为团结各社群而正在进行的努力。
4. There is certainly much more to be done and many challenges to be overcome.
答案：我们要做的事还有很多，要战胜的挑战也很多。
5. They all need to be reassured that there is so much to be gained by reaching out to others.
答案：他们都需要重新树立观点：了解他人受益匪浅。
6. The implication drawn by Jesus is clear. Everyone is our neighbor-no matter what race, creed or color. The need to look after a fellow human being is far more important than any cultural or religious differences.
答案：耶酥要传达的寓意十分清楚。无论何种民族，信仰和肤色，每一个人都是我们的邻居。照顾每个人的需要远远重要于任何文化和宗教上的分歧。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. The missing boy were last seen _____near the river.
A. playing B. to be plying C. play D. to play
2. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A. writing B. write C. to write D. written
3. They would not allow him ___ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking going
C. for risk going D. risk going
4. - Where should I send my form ?
- The Personal office is the place ____.
A. for sending it B. to send it to C. to send D. to send it
5. The students, ____ at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it.
A. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised
6. He is lying in bed, with his eyes looking at the ceilings and his hands ____ behind his head.
A. to cross B. crossing C. cross D. crossed
7. The old man was moved by what she said, with tears ___ up in his eyes.
A. welling B. welled C. rolling D. rolled
二. 阅读理解：
“ A band plays in Lumley Park every Sunday afternoon. I often attend these open-air concerts if the weather is fine, because I find it a very restful way of passing time, and because the band plays many kinds of music: dance music, marching music, anything with a tune you can whistle; you know what I mean.”
“One Sunday, there was a blind girl in the front row of the audience, just behind the band-leader. She must have been about fourteen or fifteen years of age, I should think. She had been sitting down until about halfway through the programme, when the band started to play ‘ The Blue Danube’ by Johan Strauss. I’d never heard them play this particular piece before; and there was something magical about the way they played it then. They’d only played a few bars when this blind girl stood up and began waving her arms about in time to the music, just as the band-leader himself was doing.
“After a while, I could see that more and more members of the band were watching the bind girl instead of the band-leader. And the leader must have noticed this himself, because he turned round and watched her, and saw that she was keeping perfect time. He was a very thoughtful man, that band-leader; I took my hat off to him. He moved to one side little by little, so that the band could see the blind girl better, and after a while he stopped conducting altogether. The band knew the piece quite well, of course, so things weren’t likely to go seriously wrong. But she kept time beautifully, and she made it clear when she wanted certain passages to be loud or soft, just as the band-leader himself had done. Since then, to be quite honest, I’ve never heard ‘The Blue Danube’ played better anywhere.
“I have seldom heard an audience clap more loudly than that audience, when the music was over. I should think they must have heard the noise on the other side of the town. When the blind girl sat down, even from where I was sitting I could see that there were tears running down her face.”
“ And she wasn’t the only one in that audience who was crying, I can tell you.”
1. The speaker thought that attending the Sunday afternoon concerts is a pleasure because ____.
A. a band plays music in Lumley Park.
B. He could pass the time in a peaceful way in good weather
C. His favourite music could be played by the band in the open air
D. All the above
2. When the band was playing “The Blue Danube”, a blind girl who was sitting in the front row behind the band-leader____.
A. stood up to play with the band
B. stood up and waved her arms to keep perfect time by herself
C. played just as the band-leader was doing
D. listened to the particular piece “The blue Danube”
3. While the blind girl was waving her hands to keep time, _____.
A. many more members of the band were still watching their and-leader
B. the band-leader stopped conducting after a while and took off her hat to the girl
C. the band kept playing wonderfully even without their band-leader
D. the audience preferred the blind girl to the band-leader
4. From what the speaker said, it can be inferred that _____.
A. he not only respected the band-leader but also thought highly of the blind girl
B. he thought the blind girl was doing better than the band-leader
C. he regarded the band as the first class band even without anyone conducting
D. with the blind girl conducting, the concert was much more wonderful
三. 短文改错：
Many children have a birthday cake with candle on their birthday. 1. ______
In some countries, like England and Scotland, there are another custom, 2. ______
too. There are people spank（拍打）or hit the child on his/her birthday. 3. ______
This may hurt a little, and they say it is very lucky for the child. The 4. ______
child must never cry. The custom sys that if you cry, you cry all year. 5. ______
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits go 6. ______
away. The hard you spank the better it is. In Belgium, another 7. ______
country in Europe, the custom is a little difference. There a parent 8. ______
goes into the child room early in the morning with a needle（针） 9. ______
As soon as the child woke up, the parent pricks（刺）the child 10. _____
with the needle. This is for good luck.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A
解析：那个失踪的男孩最后依次被看见正在河边玩。see sb. doing 的被动结构：sb. be seen doing.
2. B
解析：老师让谁写稿。have sb. do sth.：让某人做某事。
3. A
解析：allow sb to do sth.：允许某人做某事。 risk doing：冒险做某事。
4. B
解析：the place ____：把表格送到的地方。 send the form to the place
5. C
解析：surprised at the way the question was put形容词短语做定语。
6. D
解析：双手交叉在脑后。cross 与hand为动宾关系。With +名词+done结构。
7. A
解析：with tears ___ up in his eyes：指眼泪夺眶而出。well：涌出。与tears是主动关系。
二. 阅读理解：
1. D
解析：题干中的关键部分：出席周日下午的音乐会是一种乐趣的原因是……。根据第一段……if the weather was fine, because ….a very restful way of passing time, and because the band plays many kinds of music; dance music, marching music, anything with a tune you can whistle…可知A，B，C均符合题义。
2. B
解析：题干的关键：坐在前排即指挥后面的那位失明的女孩….。根据第二段最后两行… “this blind girl stood up and began waving her arms about in time to the music, just as the band-leader himself was doing.”…
3. C
解析：此题是判断“女孩打拍子时，乐队成员，乐队指挥，乐队和观众的表现。仔细阅读第三段，特别是最后四行The band knew the piece quite well, of course, so things weren’t likely to go seriously wrong. But she kept time beautifully, and she made it clear when she wanted certain passages to be loud or soft, just as the band-leader himself had done. Since then, to be quite honest, I’ve never heard ‘The Blue Danube’ played better anywhere.可以排除A，B，D。
4. A
解析：这是在总结作者的思想；根据第三段描述指挥 “he was a very thoughtful man,” 和最后两段可以得出结论：作者对小女孩和乐队指挥都给予了高度评价。
三. 短文改错：
Many children have a birthday cake with candle on their birthday. 1. candles
In some countries, like England and Scotland, there are another custom, 2. is
too. There are people spank（拍打）or hit the child on his/her birthday. 3.去掉are
This may hurt a little, and they say it is very lucky for the child. The 4. _but_
child must never cry. The custom says that if you cry, you ∧cry all year. 5. will
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits go 6.√
away. The hard you spank the better it is. In Belgium, another 7. harder
country in Europe, the custom is a little difference. There a parent 8. different
goes into the child room early in the morning with a needle（针）. 9. child’s
As soon as the child woke up, the parent pricks（刺）the child 10. wakes
篇4：人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）Unit 2 News media （二）：语法复习：过去分词做定语和表语
知识总结与归纳：
（一）语法要点说明：过去分词除了在句子的谓语部分中表达完成时和被动语态以外，作为非谓语动词还可以做名词的定语，在be动词后面做表语来描述人或物品的特性或状态。
（二）过去分词或过去分词短语可以用来修饰名词做定语。过去分词表达的内容与被修饰的名词具有完成和被动关系。
过去分词+名词；
名词+过去分词短语
1. Chen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. a doll given by my aunt
4. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
（三）还有一些过去分词是表达人或物品的特性或状态，这些词与其说是过去分词，倒不如说是以ed结尾的形容词。
1. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them.
2. We asked two of China’s many talented journalists to tell us more about news and newspapers.
3. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.
4. TV programmes and printed articles help people in other countries learn about China and the Chinese people.
5. The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.
6. the fallen leaves , spoken English, written English,
7. The retired workers told him about their family life and their problem.
（四）过去分词在be动词后面做表语，表示：“感觉……，主语往往是表示“人”的名词。
例句：
1. He is interested in classical music.
2. We are very worried about our situation.
3. He is disappointed with himself.
说明：在许多句子中，be + done不是表示被动意义，而是表示主语所处的状态。
例句：
1. We can’t enter the room, for the door is locked.
2. We don’t know where we are now. We are lost.
3. She has been married for ten years.
4. They are gone for vacation.
（五）阅读指导：
本单元的阅读材料：Behind the Headlines的阅读目标是了解：
1. 新闻工作者的工作程序；通过文中提到的两位记者回答采访的问题进行了介绍。
2. 了解媒体除了报道事实以外的社会功能；注意文章的最后一段。在阅读时要注意。
（1）采访的问题；
（2）第一段的主题句：Newspaper and other media do more than simply record what happens. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them. They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories. 最后一段的结论性的句子：The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated.
【典型例题】
一. 句型转换：
1. The telegram that was sent by my sister brought the news of my grandma’s death.
The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my grandma’s death.
2. Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.
Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.
3. The three guns, which had been stolen from the police station, were found in the garage
The three guns, stolen from the police station, were found in the garage
4. I don’t like going to supermarkets that are located in the center of the town.
I don’t like going to supermarkets located in the center of the town.
二. 翻译句子：
1. 被烧毁的圆明园该不该重建在媒体引起了激烈讨论。
Whether the burned-down Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt has been much discussed in the media.
2. 我的叔叔本来打算退休以后回乡下居住，可是后来他改变了主意，他决定在城里开一家书店，为退休老人提供一个娱乐休闲的场所。
My uncle had planned to live in the country after his retirement, but he changed his mind then. He decided to open a bookstore in the city to offer a place for the retired to have fun and rest.
3. 他是个很有经验的人，总是受到年轻人的尊敬。----
He is quite experienced and is always looked up to by the young.
4. The teenagers discussing the event in the TV talk show were all school children.
在电视论坛节目中讨论这个事件的那些少年都是小学生。
5. The teenagers discussed in the TV talk show were all school children.
在电视论坛节目中讨论到的那些少年都是小学生。
6. Do you happen to know the host presenting the professor ?
你认识正在介绍那位教授的主持人吗？
三. 单项选择：
1. The Olympic Games ,_____in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，知道19才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。 选择C
2. The film was so ___ that everyone became __ at it.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited
分析：exciting：令人兴奋的。主语是表示“事物”的名词；excited：感到兴奋；主语指“人”；选择B
3. What should you do if there is no food __ for you when you get home after a day’s work ?
A. is left B. left C. leave D. leaving
分析：句型There be + 名词＋过去分词：有……被……
答案：B
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. When I got back home I saw a message ___ to the door reading “ Sorry to miss you, will call later.”
A. pinning B. pinned C. to be pinning D. to be pinned
2. The computer center, __ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
3. The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
4. The next day they found that the door remained ___, and that the boss was gone.
A. to lock B. locking C. locked D. to be locked
二. 阅读理解：
（A）
London- A morning’s train ride away, across the Channel, English kids about Liverpool’s soccer team in a Paris pub.
Some Parisians have even started to go to work in London.
In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities.” These days, it might be A Tale of One City.
Parisians are these days likely to smile in sympathy at a visitor’s broken French and respond in polite English.
As jobs grew lack at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. The European Union freed them from immigration and customs.
Paris, rich in beauty, is more attractive. But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down.
“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a banker.
Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees. “I am French, but I’ll stay in London.” She said.
There is, of course, the other view, Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago. “I think people laugh more Paris,” she said.
In fact, London and Paris, with their obvious new similarities, are beyond the old descriptions. As the European Union gradually loosened controls, Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property.
“Both cities have changed beyond recognition.” Said Larry Collins, a writer and sometimes a Londoner.
Like most people who know both well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably.
“I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s, and it is still a wonderful place,” Collins said.
“but if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.”
But certainly not cheaper.
In fancy parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris.
Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice.
Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose.
“I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a center, but life is so structured,” she said. “ In London, you can be who you want. No one cares.”
1. The best title for this passage is _____.
A. Londoner and Parisians. B. A modern Tale of Two Cities.
C. The Similarity of Two cities. D. Fancy London and Fashionable Paris.
2. We can infer from the text ____.
A. Paris and London has become perfect partners.
B. London feels more full of life
C. life in Paris is structured
D. Paris and London have become fierce competitors.
3. The underlined word “flocked” probably means ____.
A. came in large numbers. B. flew a long way.
C. rushed hurriedly. D. drove long distance.
4. Living in Paris, you may find ___.
A. life is better. B. things are cheaper.
C. more attractive people D. a job easily.
5. From the passage we can know ___.
A. the two cities have developed very fast.
B. London is better than in Paris.
C. Paris is a favorite place for all journalism students.
D. people in both London and Paris now lead a regular life.
（B）
People could land on Mars in the next 20-30 years provided scientists can find water on the red planet, the head of NASA’s surface exploration mission（美国国家宇航局地表探测任务小组）said on September 16.
Two partly solar-powered “robot geologists” （由太阳能驱动的“机器人地质学者”）–Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs-have been moving across 3 miles of the planet and into crates（环型山）since January, sending back data about the makeup of what scientists believe is Earth’s sister planet. Asked how long it could be before Astronauts land on Mars, Arthur Thompson said, “My best guess is 20 to 30 years, if that becomes our firstly-considered plan.”
The two MER robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, have found Ancient evidence that water was once enough. It is important for scientists hoping to know if there was once-or could still be-life on Mars. Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized. “If we cannot find water, it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key.” Said Thompson.
Thompson said scientists had found a canyon on Mars “that makes the Grand Canyon look like a small canyon,” where water could still be present. “It shows that there is actually water that seeps（渗漏）out of the side of the canyon, and going down the side it evaporates（蒸发）. We believe it’s an ongoing progress,” he said.
1. The underlined word “provided” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ____.
A. unless B. if C. though D. even if
2. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the two robots get their energy only from the sun.
B. the two robots haven’t found any evidence of water on Mars till now.
C. two robots haven’t sent any information about Mars so far.
D. the two robots were sent to Mars in January.
3. According to the passage, which of the following about Mars is NOT true ?
A. The sky there is red. B. It has craters.
C. Rocks on Mars are rust-colored D. It is very cold on Mars.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?
A. We can see red sky and blue sunsets on Mars.
B. The canyon found on Mars is larger than the Grand Canyon.
C. We have already found lots of water on Mars.
D. Without water, sending people to Mars is very difficult.
5. What is the best title for the passage ?
A. Earth’s sister planet. B. People on Mars possible in 20 to 30 years.
C. Life on Mars. D. Spirit and Opportunity
三. 书面表达：
假设你叫张颖，在伦敦学习已经两个月了，写信给你在国内的朋友李倩，介绍你在伦敦生活的一些情况：
1. 伦敦作为英国的首都，是一个大城市，在泰晤士河畔。人口约七百万。
2. 伦敦是一个繁忙的都市，人们非常友好乐于助人，但总是来去匆匆。
3. 给你印象最深的是你在国内从未坐过的地铁。
4. 城里有许多著名景观，你只游览了伦敦博物馆和著名的海德公园。
时间：8月13日
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. B 分析：pin：别在，栓在……上面，与message是被动关系。
2. D 分析：__ last year此处做非限定定语，与The computer center是被动关系。
3. D 分析：教科书已经被编写出来。此处应是过去分词作定语。
4. C 分析：门仍然锁着。表示门的状态，用过去分词做表语。
二. 阅读理解：
（A）
1. B 文章用大量的篇幅对伦敦和巴黎进行对比。对照十九世纪狄更斯的小说“双城记”所以本文可以说是：“现代的双城记”
2. A 通过被采访者的言谈中以及第三段In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities.” These days, it might be A Tale of One City.可以判断出两个城市的关系。
3. A 根据Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property.可以得知大量的伦敦人涌向巴黎去购物。B项：不需要坐飞机，应排除。根据第一段perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours.可以排除D项。C项不合题义。
4. B 根据第十段Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property. 和倒数第六段“but if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.” But certainly not cheaper.可以得知在巴黎物价更低一些。
5. A 从人们从生活方式等角度对两个城市的选择可以看出两个城市发展都很快。
（B）
1. B 词义推测。“如果”能在火星上找到水，人类就有可能在未来二，三十年内登陆火星。下文：Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized.（第三段）以及If we cannot find water, it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key都有提示。
2. D 细节理解。根据第二段：Two partly solar-powered “robot geologists” （由太阳能驱动的“机器人地质学者”）–Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs-have been moving across 3 miles of the planet and into crates9环型山）since January, 可以得知。其余选项与事实不符。
3. D 细节理解。根据第三段：Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized.的内容可知：A，B，C三项内容正确。惟独D没有提到。
4. C 根据第三，四段可知A，B，D选项内容正确。从常识上也可以判断出C的不正确。
5. B 根据全文的第一句即主题句可以找到文章的标题。
三. 书面表达：
参考范文：
August 13,
Dear Li Qian:
How time flies! It has been two months since I left China and came to London.
As you know, London is the capital of England, which is on the River Thames. It’s a very big city with a population of about 7 million. It is also a busy place. People here are usually friendly and helpful, but they are often in a hurry. What impressed me most is ‘the tube’（That’s what people call the underground railway system in London.）, which I had never taken in China. London has many beautiful parks and gardens and other famous places of interest. I just went to London Museum and Hyde Park recently.
How are you now ? I miss you very much. I hope I can hear from you soon.
Yours.
Zhang Ying
篇5：人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）Unit 3 Art and Architecture-语法：过去分词（二）做宾语补足语
知识总结与归纳：
（一）本单元有关语法结构的重点句回顾：
1. Every culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
2. They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unusual.
3. When you look around at buildings, streets, squares and parks, you will find them designed, planned and built in different styles.
4. Frank Lloyd Wright, who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
（二）语法结构总结：谓语动词+宾语+过去分词（done）：done短语做宾语补语，表示“宾语”被……；（过去分词与前面的宾语具有动宾关系）。在这种句型里常用的谓语动词有：see; hear; find; get; have; notice; want; make; keep等。
例句：
1. Why don’t you get the job done by somebody else ?
2. I want these things changed.
3. The police found a car abandoned by the roadside.
4. She felt a great load taken off her mind.
5. You might as well have our wall whitewashed.
6. Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words. We send messages to the people around us also by our expression and body movement.
（三）have something done 结构的不同意义：
（1）找人做这件事 （2）已经做了这件事 （3）使……遭受
例句：
1. Many town and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.
2. I have had all the branches cut up for firewood.
3. “Can’t you read this notice ? You need to have your eyes tested.” She said to me in surprise.
4. I had my pocket picked in the bus.
5. He has had his hands burned.
（四）动词不定式，分词（-ing形式；dine）做宾补的意义比较：
动词+宾语+宾语补语。“宾语补语”补充说明宾语“做了什么”；“正在做什么”；“去做什么”；或者“被…….”。根据宾语补语表达的意思，可以用do, to do, doing, done形式做宾语的补足语.即动词不定式，分词短语做宾语补语。
1. The landlady asked Mr. Brown to put his coat in the closet.
2. My boss made me redo my report because he wasn’t satisfied with it.
3. I stood on the bridge and watched the boats passing by.
4. His remark left me wondering.
5. Anyone who is caught cheating in the exam will be punished according to the rules.
注意：do短语和doing短语作宾语补语时意义上的不同。
例：
see somebody do something. 看到某人做了某事
see somebody doing something 看到某人正在做某事
1. They saw the boy jump down from the roof and enter the house.
2. I saw them crossing the street and coming up to
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. At any rate, I did not succeed in making myself ___ by you.
A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand
分析：make oneself done：使自己被……
答案：B
2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
分析：that they would like to see ____ next year.是定语从句修饰the plan，先行词在从句中做see的宾语。see sth. done结构
答案：C
3. -May I know what time by your watch ?
-I had mine __ on the bus yesterday.
A. missing B. steal C. stolen D. to be stolen
分析：have sth done结构：我的表被偷了。
答案：C
4. The master was very angry and had all the servants ___ before him.
A. to be brought B. be brought C. brought D. being brought
分析：have sth done结构：把所有的用人带到他面前。
答案：C
5. M father encouraged me in painting, but he never loved to see any of my works __ in public.
A. exhibition B. exhibited C. having exhibited D. being exhibited
分析：see sth done结构：看到我的任何一部作品在公众面前被展出。
答案：B
二. 句型转换：
1. He got someone to fix his bike.
He got his bike _________.
2. How do you want them to decorate your new room ?
How do you want your new room _______?
3. His only wish for his money is to have the local government build a school for children from poor family.
His only wish for his money is to have a school for children from poor family _______ _______ _______ __________ _________.
答案：
fixed ; decorated ; built by the local government
三. 翻译句子：
1. 春节快到了，妈妈想叫人给门刷刷油漆，于是爸爸买来了最好的漆。
2. 你应该设法让人听懂你的话。
3. 他发现外面的世界全变了。
4. 他想让此事立刻得到解决。
答案：
1. Spring Festival is coming. Mum wants the door painted. So Dad has bought the best paint.
2. You ought to try to make yourself understood.
3. He found the world outside completely changed.
4. He would like this matter settled immediately.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. The missing boy were last seen _____near the river.
A. playing B. to be plying C. play D. to play
2. Mother didn’t leave until she saw her child ____ the street and ____ the school gate.
A. crossing; entering B. crossing; enter
C. cross; entering D. cross; enter
3. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A. writing B. write C. to write D. written
4. In the past few years, we have had thousands of trees ____ around our school.
A. plant B. planted C. planting D. being planted
5. John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door ____.
A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocked
6. The result of the entrance exams was not made _____ to the public until next Thursday.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known
7. Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented
二. 完型填空：
The yearly Marathon in my town usually happened during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance __1__ any of them needed medical attention.
“We’re supposed to stay behind the __2__ runner, so take it slowly,” I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.
The front-runners started to __3__ and then my eyes were ___4__ to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.
We knew we were already watching our “last runner.” Her __5__ were so crippled （残疾的）that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, __6__ alone run a marathon.
Doug and I __7__ in silence as she slowly moved forward. __8__, she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect ___9__ she pushed forward with great __10__ through the last miles.
When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the __11__ crowds had long gone home. __12__, standing straight and ever so proud __13__ a lone man. He was __14__ one end of a ribbon（缎带）of crepe paper（皱纹纸）___15__ to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering behind her.
I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became part of my __16__ – a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about __17__ the other runners or winning a prize, but about __18__ what she had set out to do, no matter __19__. When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how __20__ the task before me really is.
1. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if
2. A. first B. best C. only D. last
3. A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear
4. A. drawn B. thrown C. fixed D. caught
5. A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body
6. A. let B. leave C. speak D. take
7. A. watched B. drove C. observed D. stared
8. A. Quickly B. Unluckily C. Naturally D. Finally
9. A. since B. before C. as D. until
10. A. pain B. determination C. strength D. desire
11. A. tired B. waiting C. cheering D. impatient
12. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Yet D. Fortunately
13. A. stood B. waited C. came D. had
14. A. helping B. catching C. holding D. tying
15. A. kept B. tied C. connected D. led
16. A. dream B. feeling C. idea D. life
17. A. following B. hoping C. encouraging D. beating
18. A. finishing B. realizing C. starting D. winning
19. A. where B. how C. when D. what
20.A. difficult B. interesting C. easy D. hopeful
三. 阅读理解：
Many people take it for granted that black is a color of bad things while white should always mean something good. This may be because, in their opinion, black is related to darkness and white to purity. However, that is not always the case. Did you know that the same one color may mean differently places of the world ?
In the English-speaking world, black is the color of mourning-people wear black at the funeral. Red is concerned with danger or bloodshed. Yellow is the word for fear, if you are afraid, you are yellow. Yet none of these sayings is true outside the English-speaking world. In China and Korea white is the color of mourning. In Russia, China and some other countries, red stands for beauty, life and excellent. In Italy and Germany, you are yellow with anger, not with fear.
Even within the English-speaking area, it is not difficult to find color contradictions（矛盾）. A redcap in the United States is a porter in a railway station, in Britain, however, a redcap is a military policeman. Both names are logical, because both men wear red caps. Similarly, the British term for an American white collar worker is sometimes called a black-coated worker.
One does not have to cross an area to find color differences. Would you rather be redblooded or a blueblood ? If we go back to the origin, we find that both terms are logical as both names suggest. The expression “blueblood” comes from Spain, where some noble families proudly told the world that they had “ blue blood”. Actually they meant that they had no Moorish or Jewish blood. But then why “blue” blood ?Because they were fair skinned, and it is only natural that their blood vessels stood out appearing blue.
1. Yellow is concerned with anger in ____.
A. Russia B. Britain C. Germany D. China
2. The two meaning of the term redcap result from a difference in ___.
A. pronunciation B. climatic conditions C. logical relationship D. custom
3. Both Britain and America would probably agree that ____.
A. black is the color of mourning.
B. a black-coated worker is employed in an office.
C. red stands for beauty and excellent.
D. a redcap is a porter in a station.
4. It is not stated but implied（暗示）that some noble families in Spain had ___ color.
A. black B. white C. blue D. red
5. The best title for this reading selection is ___.
A. The Origin of Blue Blood.
B. The Development of the Symbolic（象征性的）Use of Colors.
C. Color that Carry Bad Meaning.
D. The Meaning Concerned with Certain Colors
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A see sb.doing的被动结构：sb. be seen doing：那个男孩被看见正在河边玩。
2. D see sb. do sth结构：看见某人作了某事。
3. B have sb.do sth结构：让某人做某事：老师让谁写这篇文章？
4. B have sth.done结构：过去分词做宾语thousands of trees的补语，表示被动意义。
5. A ____ the door ____为伴随状语，用doing短语表达。Unlocked做宾语the door的补语，表被动关系。
6. B make sth. known to sb.结构：使某人知道
7. A 本题考查了动词不定式完成式的用法。根据句意：人们通常认为Charles Babbage发明了第一台电脑。这里不定式结构为：somebody be considered to do/to have done. “发明电脑”动作是在consider之前。
二. 完型填空：
1. B 我的工作是开着救护车跟在运动员后面以防他们有人需要救护。In case:以免，以防。
2. D 从后面内容可以看出；救护车跟在最后一名运动员后面。
3. C 前面的运动员都消失了，
4. A 我的目光被吸引在（最后）的妇女身上。
5. B 这为妇女几乎都不能走，所以她的腿有残疾。
6. A 更不用说跑马拉松了。固定短语：Let alone: 更不用说了。
7. A 我们在默默地注视着她。D项缺少介词at：stare at。
8. D 最后，她成为我视线中唯一一名运动员了。
9. C 她一边以坚定的意志向前“跑”，我一边注视着她。
10. B determination：意志坚定。
11. C 加油助威的人群早已经回家了。Cheering: 喝彩，助威。
12. C 然而，这位残疾妇女的唯一支持者一直在终点线那自豪地“等着”她。
13. B 本句是一个倒装句。主语是a lone man.谓语是waited。standing straight and ever so proud是伴随状语。
14. C 他（那个男的）紧握着系在一根柱子上的缎带的另一端（让这位女运动员撞线）。
15. B
16. D 从那一天，那位女运动员成为激励我的人生的一部分。
17. D 这位妇女参赛的目的不是为击败其他运动员而获奖。
18. A 而是去完成她所开始的事情。
19. D 不管是什么事情，都要坚持下去。
20. C 我由此受到鼓舞，再难的事也变得容易了。
三. 阅读理解：
1. C 根据第二段：In Italy and Germany, you are yellow with anger, not with fear.可知：黄色在德国与愤怒相关。
2. C 根据第三段：A redcap in the United States is a porter in a railway station, in Britain, however, a redcap is a military policeman. Both names are logical, because both men wear red caps.可以得出结论。
3. A 根据在第二段第一句：In the English-speaking world, black is the color of mourning-people wear black at the funeral.通过我们所掌握的英美文化的常识也可以找到答案。
4. D 根据最后一段的内容判断，特别是Would you rather be redblooded or a blueblood ? If we go back to the origin, we find that both terms are logical as both names suggest.以及But then why “blue” blood ?Because they were fair skinned, and it is only natural that their blood vessels stood out appearing blue.可以看出在一些西班牙贵族家族中，标志颜色实际上是红色。5. D 根据各个自然段的内容可以判断文章是在讲述某种颜色与它的含义。
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