中考英语知识梳理:宾语从句
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篇1:中考英语知识梳理:宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难,只要你能过好下面的三道关:
第一关,选好连接词(也有人叫关联词)。
引导宾语从句的连接词,课本上写有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:
1)He knew(that)he should work hard.
2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.
2.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if。例如:
3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?(注:上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句,都为中考题,只写某地。)
4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如:
5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成if,因为if不能与or连用。)
3.连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:
6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武汉市)(which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”。)
7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)
4.连接副词when,where, why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:
8)I wonder where he got so much money.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里;什么地方”。)
9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)(how引导宾语从句,作程度状语,修饰old,意为“怎样;如何”等意。)
第二关,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。这里特别强调的是,它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如:
10)You must remember what your teacher said.(河南省)
11)-Dad,do you know when the football game will start?
-In half an hour.(宁波市)
12)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去看望谁?
误:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?
正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?
错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构--主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句,如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris?就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了,我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris?”了。
第三关,注意时态的呼应。
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如:
13)汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。
误:I thought(that)you are free today.
正:I thought(that)you would be free today.
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today,但因为主句谓语是thought,所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。
这种时态的呼应,如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制,如上述例句2),3),7),8),10),11),12)。如果主句时态是过去时,宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时(即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)。例如:
14)He thought he was working for the people.
15)I heard she had been to the Great W all.
16)John hoped that he would find a job soon.
但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等,则不变化:
17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
核心知识
巩固与检测请做下列20中考题:
1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(北京市东城区)
A.that
B.how
C.what
D.if
2.-I don't know _____ Mr.Green will come to see us.
-He will help us with our English.(杭州市)
A.why
B.when
C.how
D.where
3.-We never know _____ the old m an is.
-They say he is a teacher.(鄂州市)
A.what
B.who
C.which
D.where
4.I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.(重庆市)
A.that how
B.how that
C.when that
D.that when
5.-Do you know _____ ?I'm going to see him.
-Sorry,I don't know.(北京市海淀区)
A.where does Mr.Li live
B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives
D.where Mr.Li lived
6.-W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
-Sorry,I have no idea.(南京市)
A./;bought
B.has;bought
C.did;buy
D.does;buy
7.I don't feel very well.Mum asked me _____ this morning.(重庆市)
A.what the matter is
B.what is wrong
C.what the matter was
D.what wrong was
8.-Where is Jack?
-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but I'm not sure _____ .(南昌市)
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.there
典型例题
Key:
宾语从句与中考试题 1-4 D A A D 5-8 C A C C
篇2:中考英语知识梳理:定语从句
共13人对这份知识概要评价,平均分为3
(总分为5分)
定语从句是现行教材中新增加的一个重要语法项目,同时也应是各地中考的必测内容之一。本文试结合典型试题就该语法项目中可能出现的考点作分类例析,供同学们复习迎考时参考。
【考点预测1】考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。
【典型题例】
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that the reason ______ you had a few days off?
A.why
B.when
C.what
D.where
【简析】根据题意可知,上句是下句“请假”的原因,所以应该选择表示原因的关系副词why来修饰the reason,故A项正确。
【考点归纳】定语从句中常见的关系代词有who(whom),whose,that和which,它们的用法分别为:
① who用来代人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中可担任主语和宾语。但who的前面不能有介词,如果带介词,则必须用宾格的whom :介词+whom。如:
He is the boy with whom I went there.他就是和我一起去那儿的男孩。
另外,当关系代词that用来代人时,关系代词who和that在许多情况下可以通用。但有时须用who,而不用that:
a.先行词是one,ones,anyone和those时,须用who。如:
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
b.在there be开头的句子中。如:
There is an old man who wants to see you.有位老人要见你。
c.一个句子带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个须用 who。如:
The girl that you met last week is the monitor who studies very hard.
上周你遇到的那位女孩是位学习非常努力的班长。
② whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。当whose代物时,它相当于… of which。如:
Please show me the book whose cover is black.
=Please show me the book,the cover of which is black.
请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。
③ 当that和which在限定性定语从句中代物时,which常可以和that通用,但有时只宜用which,不用that:
a.关系代词前有介词。如:
This is the room in which you will stay.这将是你住的房间。
b.如果两个定语从句,其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which。如:
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library,which was newly open to us.
让我给你看看我从重新开放的图书馆借来的书。
另外,非限定性定语从句中,只宜用 which,不能用that。
关系副词where,when和why用来引导定语从句时,它和关系代词一样,具有多种作用:
a.在定语从句中代替先行词。
b.在从句中担任成分--状语,在从句中起副词和介词短语作用。
c.起连接作用,它把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。如:
This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那间房子。
We'll never forget the day when we joined the League.我们永远难忘入团的那一天。
The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
我给你打电话是因为想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。
【解题技巧】由上可见,选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成分:如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,只能用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因)则用关系副词。
【考点预测2】考查that引导的定语从句。
【典型题例】
This is the best way ______ has been used against pollution.
A.where
B.why
C.which
D.that
【简析】指事物的先行词前有“形容词最高级”修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D项。
【考点小结】如有下列情形之一者,只能用that引导定语从句。
a.先行词为all,everything,anything, nothing,few,little,much,any,the one等时。
b.先行词既有人又有物时。
c.指事物的先行词前面有“形容词最高级”、“序数词”或no,the only,the very,the last修饰时。
d.以who,which引出的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
【考点预测3】考查which在非限定性定语从句中的应用。
【典型题例】
The result of the experiment was very good,______ we hadn't expected(预料).
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.it
【简析】该题中所提供的四个选项中,it不可引导从句,that不能引导非限定性定语从句,when不合题意,故正确答案只能是C项。
核心知识
【考点小结】
① 限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词,与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去,则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如:
This is the man who gave me the money.这就是给我钱的那个人。
上句如删去从句who gave me the money,则成了This is the man.(这是那个人。)完全失去了整个句子的意思,因而不能删掉。
② 非限定性定语从句,在意义上,它是先行词的一个附加修饰语,是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它,不影响整个句子的基本意思。如:
Wang Dong,who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions.
王东,他在房间里,想问你几个问题。
上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you some questions,如果删去从句(who is in the room),并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。
③ 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别可用表解如下:
④ 另外,在意思上,有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如:
In their class,there are fifteen students who can speak English well.(限定性定语从句)在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。(可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位)
In their class,there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.(非限定性定语从句)他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。(可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生,他们英语口语都好。)
【考点预测4】综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词的用法。
【典型题例】
He said _____ the man ______ had robbed the bank had long hair.
A.who;who
B.who;that
C.that;who
D.that;which
【简析】该题为:他说那个抢劫银行的男人留着长发。通过审题可发现在该复合句中,既包含了宾语从句,也包含了定语从句,根据宾语从句和定语从句的相关知识,可知正确答案应是C项。
【考点预测5】考查把简单句转换为含有定语从句的复合句。
【典型题例】
I like Chinese tea with nothing in it.(同义句)
I like Chinese tea ______ nothing in it.
【简析】原句意为“我喜欢中国清茶”。通过观察下句可知应用定语从句来修饰“tea埂9收确答案为:that/which has。
【解题技巧】定语从句常用来修饰名词或代词,来表达所修饰的名词或代词的特征。所以中考在该题型上常考查:
a.关系代词或关系副词的选用。
b.主谓一致。
试对比:I bought a book yesterday.It was very interesting.
=The book which I bought yesterday was very interesting.
I bought some books yesterday.They were very interesting.
=The books which I bought yesterday were very interesting.
【考点预测6】考查“将含有定语从句的复合句转换为简单句”。
【典型题例】
The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever.(同义句)
The girl ______ the red coat is very clever.
【简析】读题后可知:上句含义是“穿红上衣的女孩非常聪明”,对应下句时,可知空格处应填“穿”,故in是正确答案。
【解题技巧】in,with连接短语或词组来修饰名词,表明名词的形态和特征。这类简单句可以转换为定语从句。如:
The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before.
=The strange thing which/that has three legs was used for drinking long before.
【考点预测7】考查定语从句中动词的时态。
【典型题例】
Miyoko was looking at the photos that she ______ in Beijing.
A.was taking
B.takes
C.has taken
D.had taken
【简析】该题中主句是过去进行时,因此首先排除B、C两项。再根据常识,又可排除A项。故只有D项为正确答案。
【解题技巧】语境型时态题在近年各地中考试题中频频出现,在定语从句中考查动词的时态,使考生更难准确判断动词的时态。解该类题时,同学们一定要领会语境,然后再根据主、从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。
总之,定语从句知识点繁多,但在现行教材中涉及到的内容较少。同学们在复习时,应注重基本知识的牢固掌握,对一些常见的考点熟记于心,再进行适当练习,中考时定能取胜。
篇3:英语CET4宾语从句知识
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
1. 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句;
2. 1)从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连
2)从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether。
在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换
3)从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词
例1:
He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
例2:
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
3. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
4. 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
真题示例:
Some psychologists claim that people__________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
1. 本题考查宾语从句,需用陈述语序
2. 主句为一般现在时,从句根据具体情况定,此处用一般现在时即可表达清楚
3. 感到孤独:feel lonely ;出门在外:far away from home或travelling等可以。
答案:might feel lonely when they are far(away) from home 或might feel lonely when they are traveling (they are not in their hometown)
实战演练:
1. I wonder __________ he is crying now.
A. that B. why C. how D. when
2. Could you tell me how much __________ to fly to Hainan?
A. do it cost B. does it cost C. it cost D. it costs
3. That is the day __________I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
4. The poor young man is ready to accept __________ help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ___________ his teammates had done.
A. what B. which C. why D. while
6. Please tell me __________.
A. what does he like B. what he does like
C. what he likes D. what he like
7. My sister told him _________.
A. what day was it B. when the train arrived
C. who she was waiting D. where did you live
8. Could you show me ___________?
A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station
C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station
9. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ___________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
10. Can you lend me the book ___________the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
翻译演练:
1. He explains ______________(限制不再适合于他)because he’s over eighteen.
2. To our surprise, the report said ______________(设计失误导致了悲剧).
3. Little did I know ______________(多少经验能够使我受益).
答案及解析:
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9.C 10. A
翻译答案:
1. the restriction no longer applies to him
2. design faults lead to the tragedy
3. how much experience would benefit me
【解析】
1. 宾语从句。
关系副词why充当wonder的.宾语,that不能充当任何成分,其他关系副词不符合句意。
句意为:我想知道他现在为什么在哭。
2. 宾语从句中使用陈述语句,主句是一般现在时,从句也用一般现在时。
3. which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语。
其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
4. 本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句,同时作get的宾语。
B、D两项在句中是作状语的;由于没有给出明确的指代物,故A项也不合适;答案为C。
5. 由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句;do作实意动词时为及物动词,故空格处需要既能作do的宾语,又能引导宾语从句的连词,答案为A。
6. 陈述语句中,从句用陈述语序。
7. 宾语从句中,从句用陈述语序,排除A、D;C选项中,who不能充当tell sb sth中的sth这一直接宾语的成分。
8. 宾语从句中,从句用陈述语序,从句和主句的时态需保持一致。
因此,选D。
9. “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词know的宾语,选项中it代替了the land,故正确答案为C。
10. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。
about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。
翻译:
1. 所译部分为explain的宾语从句,需要完整的句子,并且主干为一般现在时,从句中也应该为一般现在时。
“适用于”apply to。
apply for“申请”。
2. 宾语从句:所译部分作整个句子的宾语从句,应该是一个完整的句子,并且主干为过去时,从句中的谓语动词也应该用过去时;“导致”lead to:lead to sth. “导致某事”;“设计失误”design fault。
3. 带疑问词的宾语从句。
所译部分作宾语从句,需要一个完整的句子,并且此句含有疑问代词how much;“使受益”benefit。
篇4:英语宾语从句读书笔记
英语宾语从句读书笔记
一、.引导词
1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在whether … or not结构中不能用if替换。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
二、判断时态情况:
1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
注意:宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例如; I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
常见考法
对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的`选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。
典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C .where your sister works D where your sister worked
解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和B;last year表示过去时,所以排除C 。
答案:D
误区提醒
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他,问句和陈述句语序一样。
典型例题:I didn't know ?
A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her
C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her
解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。
答案:B
篇5:什么是宾语从句英语
定义:置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
可接宾语从句的'动词:say、tell、think、know、see、hear、hope、guess、find、feel等,或由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、sure、glad、sorry等。
宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句,如果主句是陈述句,句尾用句号;如果主句是疑问句,句尾用问号。
篇6:英语宾语从句答疑
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句;宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句以及形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句的结构:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。
例子:
He,was seemingly happy but we didn't know how sad he really was.
分成两个句子:
He was seemingly happy.
But we didn't know how sad he really was.
把第二个句子再分成两个句子:
We didn't know.
从句是由特殊疑问句变来的:
How sad really was he?
疑问句作从句的时候语序要由原来的疑问句语序变成陈述句语序:
How sad he really was.
连接在一起就是:
He,was seemingly happy but we didn't know how sad he really was.
公众号:英语语法教程
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