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定语从句复习总结

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定语从句复习总结

篇1：定语从句复习总结

定语从句复习总结

一、定语从句的概念

定语从句是指在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的从句。

例如：You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.

上面例句中的the house就是后面定语从句所修饰或限定的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

二、关系词（连接词）

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时还做定语从句的一个成分。

1．关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有that、which、who、whom、whose，其中whom引导的是宾格，whose引导的是所有格。

2．that与which的用法区分

1）只能用that，不能用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况

a）当先行词由不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等代替时，关系代词只能用that而不能用which 。例如：There is nothing that I can do

b）先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时

例如：The last place that I visited was the hospital.

c）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级。

例如：This is the first composition that he has written in English.

d）先行词既有人，又有物时

例如：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

2）只用which不用that的情况

a）引导非限定性定语从句时

例如：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b）介词后用which

例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.

3．关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）先行词是表示地点名词时（country, school, room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得留意的是which前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

例如：He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.

2）先行词是表示时间名词时，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得留意的是when前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

例如：I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.

3）先行词是the reason，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当原因状语，一般用why引导定语从句。也可以用for + which的结构。

例如：Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?

但是这里要指出的是，假如介词和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三种意思，则我们只能留存介词+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter.

4．判定关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必需要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

方法二：正确判定先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能准确选择出关系代词/ 关系副词。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom,that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。

5．限定性从句和非限定性从句

1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的`部门，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

All the Greeks who are philosophers are very clever. （限制性）

All the Greeks, who are philosophers, are very clever. (非限制性)

2）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行润饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：The traffic of Beijing is quite bad, which is known to everyone.

6．定语从句的省略

(1) 关系代词充当从句宾语

我们前面说到连接词在定语从句中充当一个成分，有可能是主语、有可能是宾语，我相信大家肯定还记得，这里我们要告诉大家，当这些连接词充当的是宾语时，可以省略。例如：

1. The book (that/which) we bought last year is now very popular.

2. We can see the boys (who/whom/that) the teacher is talking with are quite happy.

(2) 关系代词充当从句主语

当关系代词充当从句主语时，也可以省略，但是省略后的从句要发生形式的变化，原从句若为主动语态，后面的动词结构要变成分词ing形式，原从句若为被动语态，后面的动词结构直接为过去动词结构。这种结构在英语语法中称为分词作定语。例如：

The novel which was given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.

The novel given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.

The novel which mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy was given by the professor.

The novel mainly discussing the development of Chinese economy was given by the professor.

SP: (1) why的先行词reason或可用that 指代的名词也是定语从句的原因状语时，关系代词或关系副词可以省略。例如：

1. That is the reason (for which/why) you dislike it.

2. I wonder the reason (why/for which) he changed his mind.

(2) 表示方式的先行词way，其后的关系代词可用that也可省略，例如：

1. Everyone does not like the way (that) he talks.

2. Do you know the way (that) the teacher treated his students

篇2：定语从句总结

定语从句总结

定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

1.what不能引导定语从句.

2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2.先行词为these时

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

3.在there be 开头的句子中

There is a student who wants to see you.

4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

5.在非限制性定语从句中

A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

注：

A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

Is this the book which she is looking for?

The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

I have told them all (that) I know.

All that can be done has been done.

(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now.

(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

(5)如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

This is the only book that can be lent to you.

(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

(1)关系代词放在介词之后

This is the factory in which we once worked.

(2)非限制性定语从句中

This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

(3)that，Those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are English books.

E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的

He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

三.比较When/which、where /which、why.

which I still never forget.

This is the day when I joined the party.

which he spent reading the books.

where I found the book.

which makes machines.

This is the place which we once visited.

which I will never forget.

which I am looking for.

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。(没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。)

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。) 从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。) 与主句关系密切，不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

先研究下面两个例句：

○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

1. 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

2. 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)

3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不用as)

4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)

5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：

1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的'书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

=Books such as this are …

=Books like this are …

2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

1. That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

2. This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

3. She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

4. This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)

He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)

2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)

This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)

as与which引导的定语从句

两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

She has been late again, as was expected.

Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

篇3：定语从句复习课件

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.

5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.

三、选择填空：

1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

A. who B. which C. whom D. when

2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

A. which B. that C. whom D. as

6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

A. whom B. which C. who D. when

7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

A. who B. / C. that D. when

9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who

10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.

A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which

11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking

12. The man ____ around our school is from America.

A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed

13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who

14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where B. who C. in which D. which

15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

A. that B. whom C. when D. whose

16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A. that B. which C. whatever D. all

17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those

18. This is the very letter ____came last night.

A. who B. which C. that D. as

19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.

A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one

20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

A. where B. / C. when D. what

21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

A. where B. that C. which D. on which

22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

A. which B. in which C. that D. /

23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which

24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

A. that B. which C. its D. whose

25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom

26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one B. which C. that D. where

27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one B. where C. in which D. /

28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

A. it B. which C. that D. he

30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were

31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

A. which B. whose C. where D. in that

32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.

A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it

33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which

34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

A. when B. that C. at which D. where

36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

A. that B. what C. which D. when

37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

A. which B. as C. that D. it

38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

A. What B. As C. That D. Which

39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

A. whose B. that C. whom D. who

40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.

A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which

41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

A. why B. which C. for that D. of which

42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

A. which B. what C. it D. that

43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed

44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

A. It B. Which C. As D. That

45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what

46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

48. He is absent ____ is often the case.

A. what B. which C. who D. as

49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.

A. who B. that C. whom D. which

51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who

52. This is the only book ____ I can find.

A. that B. which C. it D. with which

53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.

A. something could do B. anything we could do

C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do

参考答案

一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.

二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which

三、1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC

26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCC 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBDAB

篇4：浅谈定语从句

浅谈定语从句

浅谈定语从句_英语教学论文

引导定语从句的有：关系代词who(whom, whose)，which, that和关系副词when, where, why等。例如：

The girl who had lunch with me yesterday is my girl friend.昨天与我共进午餐的那个女孩是我的女朋友。(girl是先行词，who是关系代词)

The book that(which)I am reading is very interesting.我正在看的这本书非常有趣。(book是先行词，that是关系代词)

现略谈一谈关系代词和关系副词的作用和用法，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，它们可以作定语从句的一个成分：

一、关系代词可以作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语。

1.who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语；whom是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

(1)This is Uncle Li who mended computers for us.这就是为我们修电脑的李叔叔。

The student who(that)is playing with a yoyo is only seven.正在玩溜溜球的那个学生仅仅七岁。

(2) This is the man(whom)I met in Australian last month.这就是我上个月在澳大利亚遇见的那个人。

The soldier whom you want to see has already come.你要见的那名士兵已经来了。

(3)There is nobody here whose name is Gu Jianfei.这儿没有名叫顾剑飞的人。

My aunt whose photo I showed you yesterday will come to see us this evening.我姨妈今晚要来看我们，她的照片昨天我给你看过。

2.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

(1)Take the pencil which is lying on the desk.把课桌上的那支铅笔拿去。

We visited the Jade Buddha Temple, which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.我们参观了玉佛寺，它在上海西北边。

(2)The factory which we visited yesterday is very famous in the world.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是全球闻名的。

The money which they found in the street is mine.他们在街上找到的钱是我的。

3.that指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指物时，它的'用法和which大致相同。例如：

(1)The comrade that you saw is a combat hero.你见到的那个同志是个战斗英雄。(that作宾语，指人)

Is this the pen that you were looking for?你要找的钢笔是这一支吗?(that作宾语，指物)

(2)The man that called me last night was killed this morning.昨夜给我打电话的那个人今早给人杀了。(that作主语，指人)

There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome.没有不能克服的困难。(that作主语，指物)

[注1]that和which都指事物时，一般可以通用。但在下列情况下必须用that，而不能用which:

1先行词为all，everything, nothing, something, anything, much little, few, none, the one等时。例如：

Say all(that)you know.把你知道的全部讲出来。

Is there anything(that)I can do for you now?现在需要我为你做点什么吗?

This book contains much little that is useful.这本书中有很多(没有多少)有用的东西。

I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。

2先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。例如：

This is the first film(that)I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。

The last place they visited was the Summer Palace.他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。

Look at those presents. You can see the two that you gave me.看那些礼物，你能看见你送我的那两个吗?

3先行词被形容词的最高级或the very, the only等所修饰时。例如：

This is the biggest apple(that)I have ever eaten.这是我所吃到的苹果中最大的一个。

She is the very thief(that)the policeman is looking for.她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。

Mary is the only friend(that)I have in Australia.玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。

4先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：Peter and his car that disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.彼得和他的小轿车1987年在伦敦神秘地失踪，后来于1993年又神秘地出现在纽约。

We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。

5先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。例如：

This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.这是本对你很有帮助的字典。

Don’t cheat me. I’m no longer the boy that I was three years ago.别骗我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。

[注2]在下列情况下不宜用that:

1.关系代词前有介词时。例如：

This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.这就是我十年前住过的房子。

2.先行词本身是that时。例如：

What was that which he said?他说了些什么?

[注3]whom,which和that在定语从句中作宾语时，特别是在口语中，往往可以省略。例如：

The man(that)you got the news from is a friend of mine.告诉你这个消息的人是我的朋友。

Is that the car(which)you want to buy?那就是你所要买的汽车吗?

This is the little boy(whom)Comrade Li saved yesterday.这就是李同志昨天救的那个小男孩。

二、关系代词whom, which在定语从句里作介词的宾语时，介词一般放在先行词与关系代词之间。例如：

I want to make some friends from whom I can learn a lot.我想交几个朋友，从他们那儿我可以学许多东西。

但是，有时介词也可以放在宾语从句的后面，特别是在省略了关系代词时，介词必须放在定语从句的后面。例如：

The room which(that)we live in is very bright.

The room we live in is very bright.我们住的那间房间很明亮。

三、关系代词which有时指整个前面一句话。这时关系代词前面有逗号，定语从句是附加的说明；which的意思相当于and this。例如：

Tom said he didn’t know anything about Kate, which was a lie.汤姆说他对凯特的情况一无所知，这是撒谎。

The worker didn’t do any work，which made his boss very angry.那个工人什么活也没干，这令老板非常生气。

四、关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。

1.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语，相当于in等＋which。例如：

This is the workshop where(=in which)I work.这是我工作的车间。

A booking office is a place where(=in which)tickets are sold.售票处就是卖票的地方。

2.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

He came at a time when we needed help.他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来到了。

3.why指原因、理由，在定语从句中作原因状语。例如：

The reason(why)he changed his mind is not clear.他改变主意的原因尚不清楚。下面再略谈一谈限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主语的意思就会不完整或不明确。这种从句和主句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句，只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然很清楚，它和主句之间常用逗号分开。试比较下列句子：

(1)I have a brother who is a doctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。(意思是我还有其他兄弟)(限制性定语从句)

(2)I have a brother, who is a doctor.我有一个兄弟，是个医生。(意思是我只有一个兄弟)(非限制定语从句)

[注1]在非限制性定语从句里不宜用关系代词that。因此，凡是that所引导的定语从句，一般都是限制性定语从句。例如：

误：She gave me some flowers, that were very beautiful.

正：She gave me some flowers, which were very beautiful.(非限制性定语从句)

正：She gave me some flowers that(which)were very beautiful.(限制性定语从句)

[注2]非限制性定语从句在口语里很少用，尤其是在对话里，经常是采用简单句或并列句。例如：“I have a brother, who is a doctor.”这句话，在口语里总是说：“I have a brother; he is a doctor.”或说：“I have a brother, and he is a doctor.”

篇5：定语从句

定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

篇6：定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词；被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

☆ 关系代词和关系副词的选用取决于先行词及它们在定语从句中的语法成份

关系代词先行词在定语从句中充当的语法成份

Who 人主语

Whom 人宾语

Whose 人或物定语

Which 物主语或宾语

That 人或物主语或宾语

关系副词先行词在定语从句中充当的语法成份

When 表时间的名词时间状语

Where 表地点的名词地点状语

Why 表原因的名词原因状语

That用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”可作关系副词

1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

☆ 当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可把关系代词省掉

2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错

This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时as和which代替的是整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。并且从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, (=and that)which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which (=and that) is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

☆ As还在以下几种结构中作关系代词引导定语从句

① the same as : He is just the same as he use to be.他还是和过去一样

② such…as : Such passengers as survived the explosing were drowned.象那些在爆炸中幸免遇难的乘客都被淹死了

③ as…as : As many as we found were taken to the hospital.我们找到多少就送到医院

☆关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

5 介词+关系词 (介词前置：关系代词如果在定语从句中充当介词的宾语，可把介词前置到关系代词的前面，形成介词+关系代词的结构)

1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）如果关系代词是动词短语的宾语，动词短语的介词不能前置

错误用法：This is the girl of whom he will take care.

正确用法：This is the gril whom he will take care of

4）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

☆另外还应注意的是:

①way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that

I really don't like the way (that) he talks.

That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.

②of which起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物）

They live in a house whose door (the door of which) opens to the south.

③相同的先行词在表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义用不同的介词。

I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获得奖金的年纪

That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness. 那正是人们生活在和平幸福的时期

age在前句中意为“年岁”，与at搭配，在后句中意为“时期”，与in搭配。

④先行词或定语从句中的动词、形容词要根据不同的具体语境选择适当的介词。 This is the bus on which the accident happened. 这是发交通意外的那辆巴士

This is the bus by which I came to this town. 这是我搭程去镇上的巴士

6 Which和that 的选用

1）当先行词是不定代词(everything , something , anything , littlt , much)时，只能用that

Is there anything that I can help you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗？

2)当先行词被序数词所修饰时，只能用that

This is the second book that was written by the writter. 这是那个作者写的第二本书

3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只能用that

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影

4)当先行词前有限定词(or , every , a few , noly , some , very等)修饰时，只能用that

This is the only film that I wanted to see. 那正是我唯一想看的电影

5）在there be句型中，只用that，不用which

6）先行词既有人，又有物时，只能用that

5)当介词前置时，只能用which(P5-2)

6)在非限制定语从句，只能用which(并在前用，号与主句隔开)

7 But引导的定语从句相当于一个否定从句

There is no one but knows about the matter. 没有人不知道这事

8定语从句和同位语从句的区别

1）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。

The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）

The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）

2) 引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）

The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）

定语从句练习

1易混易错定语从句练习

有些定语从句方面的题，如果不仔细审题、不弄清句意和句子结构，就很可能把一些似是而非的东西搞混，从而降低解题的准确性。要想解决这个问题就得从准确理解句意和理清句子结构入手。

1．①Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ windows face south？

② Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ the windows face south？

A．whose B．which C．of which D．that

解析：答案是①A②C。在句①中windows前没有定冠词，它所缺的是定语形容词，而whose的用法就是在定语从句中作定语且既可指人也可指物。在句②中windows前有定冠词，所以要填的内容不能作前置定语，又因为“房子的窗户”用英语表达是“the windows of the house”，故可用of which引导定语从句。

2．①Is this factory ＿＿＿ you visited last year？

②Is this the factory ＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last year？ A．that B．of which C．the one D．wher

解析：答案是①C②A。在句①中factory前没有定冠词，这说明this是作它的定语。这样，句中就缺少表语，也就是说定语从句缺少先行词，故选C（the one后省略了that）。在句②中this作主语，the factory作表语，其后带一个that引导的定语从句，故选A

3．①John is the only one of the students who＿＿＿French．

②John is one of the students who ＿＿＿ French．

A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known

解析：答案是①B②A。在句①中的句意是“约翰是学生中唯一懂法语的那个学生”，其重心是the only one故从句谓语动词应与one一致。在句②中的句意是“约翰是懂法语的学生中的一个”，也就是“懂法语的学生不止一个，约翰只是其中之一”，其重心是the students，故从句中谓语动词应与students一致。

4．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can ask for help．

②When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can go for help．

A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who

解析：答案是①A②B。句①中，在结构上所要添的内容在从句中作ask的宾语其句式是ask sb．for sth．，故用whom引导定语从句。在句②中，go是不及物动词其句式是go to sb．for sth．，故用to whom引导定语从句。

5．①This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually cut my pencil．

②This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually use to cut my pencil．

A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that

解析：答案是①A②B。在句①中，定语从句的句式是cut my pencil with the knife，故用with which引导定语从句。在句②中，定语从句的结构是use the knife to cut my pencil，故用which引导定语从句。

6．①Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he had visited twice．

②Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he visited a lot of places of interest．

A．which B．where C．that D．there

解析：答案是①A或B②B。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作visited的宾语，故应填关系代词which或that。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作地点状语，故应填关系副词where。 7．①He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent together．

②He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent the summer holidays together．

A．which B．when C．where D．that

解析：答案是①A②B。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作spent的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作时间状语，故应填关系副词when。

8．①The reason ＿＿＿ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．

②The reason ＿＿＿ he was late was thathis car broke down on the way．

A．why B．which C．how D．what

解析：答案是①B②A。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作gave的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作原因状语，故应填关系副词why。

2高考真题练习

1. (’03北京24)York, ________ last year ,is a nice old city.

A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。是用关系代词或者是用关系副词引导定语从句，要根据他们在定语从句中的成份来确定，visit是及物动词，后面需要用关系代词作宾语，排除C，D。that 不用于非限制性定语从句中，排除A。答案为B。

2.(’03上海41)I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.

A. why B. which C. as D. where

【解析】考查定语从句。此句的先行词是many cases，单看从句与先行词的关系应是：students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay in many cases.因此应用in which或where引导定语从句，备选答案中没有in which，于是选where。答案为D。

3. (’03上海44)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved C. where ...improving D .when...improving

【解析】考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词that，故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空，need既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即need to do sth，另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系，因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文：私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。答案为A。

4.(’03北京春季31)We are living in an age ________ many things are done on computer.

A. which B. that C. whose D. when

【解析】这是定语从句，先行词是age,表时间，所以用when引导。答案为D。

5.(’03安徽春季24)People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see _________he will do.

A. how B. what C. when D. that 【解析】考查宾语从句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。排除A、C、D。答案为B。

6.(’03上海春季32)_________ has been announced ,we shall have our final exams next month.

A. That B. As C. It D. What

【解析】 as引导定语从句表示“正如……”，并非某个名词或代词是先行词，而是整个主句所表达的内容是定语从句所修饰的。译文：正如所宣布的那样，下月我们将进行期末考试。答案为B。

7.(’02北京22)We will be shown around the city :schools ,museums ,and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when

【解析】这是一个定语从句，先行词是places，表示地点，非限定性定语从句中缺少状语，因此用where来引导定语从句，故要填where。译文：我们被带领着参观了这座城市：学校、博物馆和其他一些游人很少去的地方。答案为C。 8.(’02上海31)Alec asked the policeman _______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom

【解析】这是一个定语从句，the policeman是先行词。work是不及物动词，“work with sb”意为“与某人共事”，所以定语从句应为with whom he worked。译文：无论何时发生事故时，Alec要求与他一起工作的警察与他联系。答案为C。

9.(’02上海35)There's a feeling in me _______we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.

A. that B. which C. of which D. what

【解析】同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是UFO--永远不会。答案为A。

10.(’02京、蒙、皖春季35)The famous basketball star, ______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

A. where B. when C. which D. who

【解析】先行词是The famous basketball表示人，非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，因此要填who。who在定语从句中作主语。答案为D。

11.(’02上海春季35)Is this the reason _______at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained

【解析】 the reason后接定语从句。因为先行词the reason作explained的宾语，用that或which引导定语从句在从句中作宾语时省略。译文：这就是他在会议上对他为什么在工作上粗心大意的理由所作的解释吗?答案为A。

12.(’01全国22)The film brought the hours back to me_________I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

【解析】 when引导定语从句(the hours的定语)，修饰先行词the hours,when在从句中作状语。译文：这部电影使我回忆起我在那偏远的村庄得到无微不至的照顾的时光。答案为C。

13.(’01上海35)Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as

【解析】这是一个同位语从句。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。注意：that和what引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区别：that引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that引导宾语从句时，that可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what在这四个名词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。答案为B。

14.(’01上海37)He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where B. which C. while D. why

【解析】这是一个定语从句。先行词是a dangerous situation。因为situation的意思是“位置”，所以要填where。译文：他已陷入飞机似乎失去控制的危险境地。答案为A。

15.(’01京、蒙、皖春季11)John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______was true.

A. he B. this C. which D. who

【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰整个主句所表达的内容。答案为C。

16.(’01上海春季30)Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________leading actor is world famous?

A. its B. it's C. whose D. which

【解析】这是一个定语从句，因为先行词the film “Titanic”和leading actors是所属关系，所以要填写whose。答案选C。

17.(’00全国17题)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _________,of course , made the others unhappy. A．who B．which C．this D．what

【解析】这是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代Dorothy夸大自己在剧中角色的作用这件事。答案选B。

18.(’00上海28)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

【解析】这是一个非限定性定语从句。根据句意可知是花瓶的价格。在定语从句中表示“谁的”，可以这样表达，如：I live in the room whose windows face south(名词前没有冠词，用whose)=I live in the room the windows of which face south(如果名词前有冠词就用of which)，答案为B。

19.(’00上海30)She found her calculator ________ she lost it.

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

【解析】这是一个地点状语从句，意思是“东西是在丢的地方找到的。”in which用于定语从句中，其前必须有先行词。这个句子中没有先行词，所以不能填in which。答案为A。

20.(’00上海35)Greenland, ________island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.

A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D.the largest

【解析】有些考生把这个句子理解成了定语从句，误选了选项B。如果这是非限制性定语从句，必须用关系代词which引导，而不用that，即which is the largest islad in the world。实际上，the largest island in the world作Greenland的同位语。答案选D。

21.(’00京、皖春季10)The result of the experiment was very good, ________we hadn't expected.

A. when B. that C. which D. what 【解析】这是一个非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作hadn't expected的宾语。这句话的意思是“实验的结果很好，是没有预想到的”。答案选C。

22.(’00京、皖春季16)It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when 【解析】根据句子的结构可以排除that和which。再根据所提供的情境It was an exciting moment可以看出是一个时间状语从句。注意：while的意思是during the time that表示一段时间内；when的意思是of that time that表示某个时刻，与an exciting moment相对应。这句话的意思是“当他们的队首次进入世界杯时，对于这些足球迷来说是今年的一个令人激动的时刻”。答案为D。

23.(’全国19)Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.

A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】在这个非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which代替Carol所说的话。这句话的意思是“Carol说工作将在十月完成，我个人对此表示怀疑。”答案选D。

篇7：定语从句

1．定语从句在句中作定语用，修饰句中的某一名词（或代词），被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句关联词有：

关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that

关系副词：when，where，why, that等。

⒈定语从句试题，主要考查使用关系词的能力。

○1找出被修饰的先行词，分析关系词在从句中的语法作用，确定关系代词：

This is the hospital（that）we visited yesterday．

此句的先行词为hospital,可用which／that，但不可用who，whom。关系词在从句中作visit的宾语，不可用where。

又如：We visited a factory＿which or that＿makes toys for children.

We visited the factory __where__ Li Ming’s father once worked.

○2掌握 which和that使用上的区别。

a. 只能用which的情况：

（l）先行词是物时，介词后的关系代词应用which，不用that。

This is the home in which（＝where）Lu Xun once lived.

若介词不前置,用that也可。

如：The room which／that we live in is clean．

（2）在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which．

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Anti-Japanese War.

（3）先行词为物，且被that或those修饰时，通常用which。如：

That book which Tom bought yesterday is useful.

b.在下列情况下，一般用that。

（1）先行词为all, everything, nothing，something，anything，little，no，much，the only，the same，the very，the first，the last，any，every时。如：

Is there anything（that）1 can do for you in town？

He was the only teacher（that）I knew in your schoo1．

（2）先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时。

This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen.

It was the finest art exhibition that we ever saw.

先行词中既有人，也有物时。如：

Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?

○3用词不可重复。定语从句中，己有关系词作主语、宾语或状语时，不可再重复。如：

The man＿＿＿＿was a friend of mine！

A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him

C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to

○4as 和which可代表全句意思，但其用法有差别。它们引导非限制性定语从句，可以用整个主句作为先行词，指代上面或下面所说的一件事。区别如下：

a. as引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后，而which只可放在主句之后。如：

As is known to us all, we have made great progress in science and technology.

Tom failed in the exam, which made us so sorry.

b. 从句中的谓语动词是describe, do, tell, know, expect，see, hear, watch, say, show等实义动词时，用as.

As we all know, Shakespeare is a famous writer.

To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.

There is great disorder, as the newspapers will have told you.

c. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语带有一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as。

如：

You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.

He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.

d. as 作关系代词常与the same, such配合使用。

如：

I had the same things as you.

Metals are such things as iron, silver and gold.

○5 介词加关系代词中介词的选用

（1）根据与先行词的习惯搭配。

I will never forget the day on which I joined the Party.

（2）根据和从句中动词的固定搭配。

This is not the dictionary of which the teacher spoke in class.

（3）根据句子的具体意义。

He invented a telescope, with which he could study the sky.

○6使用定语从句应注意的几个问题：

（1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。

The mm who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hi11 tomorrow。

(2)定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

如：

There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand．

The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon。

(3)引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来代替。

如：

0ctober l，1949 was the day on which（=when）the People’s Republic of China was founded.

(4)当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定的部分不要拆开。

The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.

The sick man whom she is 1ooking after is her father.

篇8：定语从句

第四讲

高考命题走向：

定语从句是重要的语法现象，学好定语从句对于更好地理解文章具有相当重要的意义，近年来高考试题多考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，区别限定性从句和非限定性从句，定语从句和状语从句的不同，关系代词在介词后的使用等。

预的高考题将在关系代词和关系副词的选择，which在非限定性从句中的使用，which与it的区别，that在关系从句中的使用，关系副词和连接副词的使用区别，as在定语从句中的使用等几方面进行考核。

高考试题自评：

1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ___ she could turn for help. (MET92)

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

2. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect. (MET94)

A. what B. which C. that D. it

3. Caral said the work would be done by October, __ personally I doubt very much. (MET99)

A. it B. that C. when D. which

4. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. (上海98)

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ___ was very reasonable. (上海99)

A. which price B. the price of which

C. its price D. the price of whose

6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

---- Is that the reason ___ you had a few days off?

A. why B. when C. what D. where (NMET99)

7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what (MET)

8. The result of the experiment was very good, ___ we hadn’t expected. (2000春)

A. when B. that C. which D. what

9. The film brought the hours back to me ___ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where (NMET01)

10. ___ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

11. Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

A. with him B. who

C. with whom C. whom (上海)

12. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is. (上海2002)

A. that B. which C. of which D. what

13. York, ___last year, is a nice old city.(北京)

A. that I visited B. which I visited

C. where I visited D. in which I visited

训练提高：

1. Jack old me everything __ he knew about it.

A, what B. that C. which D. who

2. Lei Lei is the girl __ pronunciation is the best in our class.

A. whose B. who C. who's D. that

3. I, __ your best friend, will try my best to help you.

A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am

4. All ____ should be done has been done.

A. what B. which C. that D. whatever

5. Who is the boy __ is reading under the tree over

there?

A. whom B. who C. which D. that

6. Around the factory, there are a lot of people __ the smoke from it does great harm.

A. to whom B. for who C. whom D. to who

7. She is the only one of the girls in our class __ been to the United States.

A. who have B. that had C. whom has D. that has

8. The room __ window is still bright is our head teacher's office.

A. which B. its C. whose D. of whose

9. I have three uncles, two of ___ are teachers.

A. whom B. who C. them D. which

10. Can you lend me the book __ the other day?

A. you talked about it B. that you talked

C. about that you talked D. you talked about

11. The two old friends talked about the persons and places __ impressed them most.

A. which B. who C. where D. that

12. These articles are written in simple language, __

makes it easy to read.

A. that B. this C. which D. it

13. My father works in the factory __ this type of truck is made.

A. in where B. in which

C. from which D. of which

14. The school ____ we visited last week was built in 1956.

A. / B. where C. that D. both A and C

15. I shall never forget the day __ we spent swimming in that beautiful lake.

A. when B. in which C. that D. on which

16. I shall never forget the day __ I joined the league.

A. on which B. in which C. that D. when that

17. China is not the same country __ it was twenty years ago.

A. that B. as C. which D. like

18. He arrived half an hour late, __ made us unhappy.

A. as B. that C. which D. when

19. Wang Fei is the boy __ I think is the most diligent in our class.

A. who B. whom C. about whom D. him

20. He is one of the few boys who __ been given the price.

A. were B. has C. have D. was

21. Is the river __ through that town very large?

A. flows B. the one flows

C. that flowing D. that flows

22. ___ leaves the room last should lock the door.

A. Those who B. Anyone C. He D. Whoever

23. She heard a terrible noise, __ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it B. which C. this D. that

24. I gave him a warning, ____ he turned a deaf ear.

A. of which B. for which

C. about which D. to which

25. There is a mountain ____ the top is covered with snow all the year round.

A. of that B. whose C. its D. of which

26. I have some letters to write __ put off.

A. what is not to B. that can' t be

C. which cannot D. it can't be

27. The teacher told us the truth ____ practice makes perfect.

A. that B. which C. about which D. why

28. Tom told the teacher the reason ___ he was late again.

A. that B. for why C. for that D. for which

29. You should put the book ___ you took it.

A. that B. where C. which D. there

30. Is this pen ____ you are looking for?

A. the one B. that C. which D. it

歼灭难点训练题：

1.----Do you know our town at all?

---- No, this is the first time I __ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

2. He paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows, most of __ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.

A. these B. those C. that D. which

3. All __ is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

4. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town __ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

5. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone __ family was poor.

A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose

6. The word“ write” has the same pronunciation __ the word “fight”.

A. of B. as C. to D. from

7. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A. which B. what C. whatever D. that

篇9：中考英语定语从句复习

定语从句的概述

在复合句中修饰或限定名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰或限定的名词、代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做引导词。定语从句放在所修饰、限定的词（先行词）之后。

例1：The boy who is reading a story book is my brother.

那个正在读一本故事书的男孩是我的兄弟。

在这句话中，who is reading a story book.是定语从句。它修饰、限定the boy，the boy是先行词，引导定语从句的who是引导词。

定语从句的分类

定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，与先行词的关系非常密切，翻译时一般要译到先行词的前面；如果去掉，则整个句子的意思含混不清。

A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 医生是照顾人们健康的人。

非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用，译为汉语时常不译作定语，而是根据句意译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句密切，只是对先行词作附加说明，既使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。非限制性定语从句前往往有逗号与主句隔开，如非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号与隔开。

Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.

昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆了两年。

定语从句的引导词

引导定语从句的词称为引导词，它一方面连接先行词和定语从句；别一方面又在定语从句中充当句子成份，如例1中的who，以定语从句中作主语。引导词一般不能按照疑问代词或疑问副词的意义进行翻译，一般情况下应译为“……的”。定语从句的引导词可为分为关系代词和关系副词。

I. 关系代词

关系代词代替的是表示人或物的名词或代词，并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在从句是作宾语时常可省略。常见的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

1. 当先行词指人时，使用who或whom，如果在从句中作主语，则用who；作宾语，则用whom，但在口语中，常可用who代替whom，也可以省略。Whom 作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The boy who can play basketball well is our monitor.

那个篮球打得好的男孩是我们的班长。

The man (whom) we met at the school gate is an English teacher.

我们在学校门口遇到的那个人是一位英语教师。

The woman to whom you talked is Kangkang`s mother. =

The woman (whom) you talked to is Kangkang`s mother

那位与你谈话的妇女是康康的妈妈。

2. 当先行词指物时，使用which，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时常可省略。Which 作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The books which were bought last week will be sent to poor children.

上周买的那些书将被送给贫困孩子。

He gave me the ball (which) we bought last week. 他把我们上周买的球给了我。

Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. =

Dont bring children to see the animals (which) they are afraid of.

不在带孩子去看那些他们害怕的动物。

3. Whose 引导的定语从句的先行词可以是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语。Whose 作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The man whose coat is blue is cleaning the room. 那个穿蓝上衣的人在打扫房间。

The book whose cover is red is an English book. 那本红色封面的书是一本英语书。

The boss in whose factory I worked is a very kind person. =

The boss whose factory I worked in is a very kind person.

我工作的那个工厂的老板是一个非常和善的人。

4. that引导的定语从句的先行词既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般不放在它的前面。

The new job that I found was to be a teacher. 我新找的工作是当老师。

He is the teacher that we met at the bus stop.

他就是我们昨天在公共汽车站遇到的那位老师。

The village that he lives in is very far away. 他所居住的村子非常远。

关系代词在定语从句中作短语动词的宾语时，此时关系代词前的介词应是短语动词固定搭配中的那一个介词。

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。

5. 当先行词指人时that一般可以与who 通用；当先行词指物时，that一般可以与which通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用that.

⑴ 当先行词指物为不定代词时，只用that引导定语从句。

Ive forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我在学校学的东西我全忘记了。

⑵ 当先行词是最高级或被最高级所修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。

This is the best way that we can raise money. 这是我们可以筹钱的最好方法。

⑶ 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。

He is the first person that I met this morning. 他是我今天早上见到的第一个人。

⑷ 当先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。

It is one of the beautiful views that I have seen. 这是我所见到的最美的风景之一。

⑸ 当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that引导定语从句。

We talked the things and persons that we were interested in.

我们谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。

⑹ 如果有两个从句，其中一个用了who (which)来引导，则另一个用that以避免重复。

He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

他建造了工厂要生产一些我们以前没见过的东西。

⑺ 当先行词被the only, the very, the some, the last等词修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。

This is the last place that I want to visit. 这是我想参观的最后一个地方。

6. 当先行词指物时，that一般可以与which通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用which.

⑴ 当作主语或宾语的关系代词前有介词时，只能用which.

This is the house of which the windows face south. 这是那间窗户朝南的房子。

⑵ 在引导非限制性定语从句时，which可代表先行词或前面的一句话，译成“这一点，这件事”。

He passed the exam, which made us very happy. 他通过了考试，这使得我们非常高兴。

⑶ 先行词为that, those时，引导词用which.

Whats that which on the table? 桌子上是什么？

7. 当先行词指人时that一般可以与who 通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用who.

⑴ 当先行词是one, ones, anyone, those指代人时，只能用who.

Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做一定是疯了。

⑵ 在there be 结构中，先行词是人时，只能用who.

There is a girl who is waiting for you. 有个女孩在等你。

⑶ 当先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语时，只用who.

I met a friend of mine who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games.

昨天我在公园见到一个朋友，他在亚运会上得到了三枚金牌。

⑷ 当先行词是I, you, he ,they等时（常用于谚语中），只用who.

He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。

II. 关系副词

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。常用关系副词有why, when, where.

1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替when, 这时的介词一般为in, at, on等。

Ill never forget the day when (on which) I first come here.

我永远都不会忘记我第一次到这儿的那天。

2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替where, 这时的介词一般为表示方位的at, in , on, beside等。

This is the room where (in which) he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房间。

3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替why, 这时的介词一般为for。

Thats the reason why (for which) he was late for school. 这就是他上学迟到的原因。

4.that 可用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。

This is the place (that / where / in which) he works. 这是他工作的地方。

非限制性定语从句

关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的应用与在限制性定语从句中类似。先行词为人时，用who, whom, whose；先行词为物时，用which。 that不用于非限制性定语从句中。

Mary has a brother, who is an engineer. 玛丽有一个兄弟，他是一位工程师。

She has six cousins, three of whom lived to grow up.

她有六个表兄弟，其中三个已经长大成人了。

The children are taught by a 32-year-old Englishman, whose wife is an American.

孩子们的老师是一位32岁的英国人，他的妻子是美国人。

非限制性定语从句也可以由where或when 引起。

Last week we visited Hangzhou, where there is a beautiful lake.

上周我们游览了杭州，那儿有一个美丽的湖。

We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.

我们把晚会推迟到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。

篇10：定语从句总复习课件

定语从句总复习课件

以定语从句的形式合并这两句The factory lies in the west of the city. His father has ever worked there.

定语从句,就是两句话合成一句话.第一句话中有个the factory,第二句话中有there 但这个there 所指的就是the factory.照答案的意思就是将句子改成意思为“这个我爸爸曾工作过的工厂坐落在城市的西边”,所以可以定下先行词,就是the factory.在此,我想说一句在难度不大的句子中,必须先找到先行词,一般来说,先行词比较好找,你可以翻译两句话的意思,再考虑这两句话的相同处.把你的句子作为例句吧.第一句：这个工厂坐落在城市的西边.第二句,我爸爸曾在这里(这个工厂)工作.两句话的相同处为工厂,那么可以确定先行词为the factory..(也可以找两句话中相同的词,不过不太实用,像对于你的这个例子就不实用)那么第一句话不变,我们把第二句话话原是先行词(The factory)的部分去掉(就是把第二句的there去掉),然后,把修改过的第二句话移到第一句话的先行词后,并在第一句话的先行词后加上一个合适的关系代词(如that which where who why 等),那么就是【先行词+ 关系代词+定语从句(也就是修改后的第二句话)】当然,修改后的第二句话之后还要跟上第一句话的剩下部分,这样一个基本的定语从句就完成了.

接下来是关于选择合适的关系代词的问题.我们要考虑先行词在定语从句中的成分.在例句中,也就是找出the factory 在第二句话中所做的成分.因为有there ,这很好判断,就是地点状语,所以,关系代词只能用where.这样就可以确定关系代词了.

当先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语,那么关系代词是用where

若为时间状语,用when;原因状语,用why;

当先行词是人且先行词在定语从句中做主语,关系代词可用who that

当先行词是人且在定语从句中做宾语,关系代词：who that whom或省略不用

还有情况,就是关系代词只能用that 、which 、whom 、who、why、when、where的情况,因为太长,而且,语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常

出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的'老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

18.5 介词+关系词

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.7 先行词和关系词二合一

1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。

2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。

(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。

3) that 和 what

当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。

What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。

18.9 关系代词that 的用法

1)不用that的情况

a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

篇11：初中定语从句复习课件

初中定语从句复习课件

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的`名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

判断关系代词与关系副词

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.

（对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。

限制性和非限制性定语从句

1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

篇12：定语从句语法总结

一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。

（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as

（2）关系副词：when/where/why

5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能（作用）：

（1）连接先行词和定语从句。

（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。

7.定语从句的类型：

（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

介词的`选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。

② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。

I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.

There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.

This is the man to whom I gave the book.

③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指

人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.

(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)

除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。

The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.

（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）

The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.

（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）

3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom; [要学习网-中学生最喜欢的学习论坛；网址www.yaoxuexi.cn手机版地址wap.yaoxuexi.cn]

指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。

The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.

The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.

The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.

He went to America, ______ his parents live.

He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.

4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：

The house, whose window faces south, is mine.

=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.

＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.

二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法

1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?

2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。

① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。

Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?

② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：

介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。

The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.

The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.

※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。

She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.

3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.

I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）

He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）

The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）

4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。

① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。

② 当作介宾时：

介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。

The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.

The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.

The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.

The games in which the young men competed were difficult.

※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。

※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句：

Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.

Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.

My hometown is no longer the same as it was.

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).

I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.

He is not such a person as I expected.

He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.

篇13：初中定语从句总结

初中定语从句总结

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,分享了初中定语从句的总结给大家！

要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。

(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的'男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

2、由which, that引导的从句

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：

(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）

(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语）

注意：代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：