中考英语语法详解六：动词
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篇1：中考英语语法详解六：动词
实义动词及用法
实义动词也叫行为动词，是四类动词中唯一能独立作谓语的一类动词。根据其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
及物动词本身意义不够完整，需要后接宾语才能使其意思完整。
1)动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型。
例如：Could you please clean the blackboard? 请你擦黑板好吗?
We learn English every day. 我们每天学习英语。
2)动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 / 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，构成主谓双宾句型。有的动词必须在后面带表示人的间接宾语和表示物的直接宾语，即两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
例如：Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?
Please pass me the book.= Please pass the book to me.请把那本书递给我。
My mother bought me a snow globe on my birthday.
= My mother bought a snow globe for me on my birthday.
我过生日时我妈买给我一个雪球。
常见的带双宾语的动词有：pass, give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, cook, teach, tell, write, read, return, ask, show等。
3)动词+宾语+宾语补足语，构成主谓复宾句型。有的动词必须在宾语后再加上形容词、副词、名词、不定式、-ing形式、介词短语等做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，句子意思才能够表达完整。
例如：Please keep the door open. 请让门开着。(形容词open做宾补)
I often see the children play in the park。我经常看见孩子们在公园里玩。(不带to的不定式play做宾补)。
You can call me Mrs Jones.你们可以称呼我琼斯夫人。(名词Mrs Jones做宾补)
动词see, hear, watch, make, let, have, notice, find等经常以动词不定式或-ing形式做宾补。
2、不及物动词
1)不及物动词自身意思完整，无需再接宾语。
例如：Horses run fast。马儿跑得快。
He sings well. 他唱得好。
2)很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词，还有的不及物动词后带上某个介词就成了带宾语的及物动词。
例如：They are reading. 他们在朗读。(read为不及物动词)
They are reading English. 他们在朗读英语。(read为及物动词)
He is waiting at the bus stop.他在公交车站等。(wait为不及物动词)
He is waiting for me at the bus stop.他在公交车站等我。(wait for为及物动词，带me做宾语)
三、连系动词
连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其后面的表语一起构成合成谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。
常见的连系动词有be， become(变得、成为)， get(变得)， look(看起来)，seem(似乎、好像)，turn(变得)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)等。除be以外的连系动词大多数时候是实义动词，他们用作连系动词时多数没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。
例如：He is angry.他生气了。
He got angry at the news.听到这个消息他生气了。
That sounds good.那听起来不错。
Trees turn green when spring comes.春天来临，树叶转绿。
China is getting stronger and stronger.中国正变得越来越强大。
四、助动词
助动词本身没有词义或意思不完整，不能单独作谓语。它们的主要作用是帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句或否定句等。
1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were)
1) be+doing(现在分词)， 构成进行时
例如：They are listening to music.他们在听音乐。(be的现在时形式帮助构成现在进行时)
They were walking down the street when the UFO landed.(be的过去时形式帮助构成过去进行时)
2)be+done(及物动词的过去分词)， 构成被动语态
例如：The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.电灯泡是由托马斯。爱迪生发明的。(be的过去时形式帮助构成过去时的被动语态)
The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打扫。(be的现在时形式帮助构成现在时的被动语态)
The problem will be solved next week.这个问题将在下周得到解决。(be的将来时形式帮助构成将来时的被动语态)
2、have (has, had)
1)have/has/had+done(动词的过去分词)，构成完成时态。
例如：They have already done their homework.他们已经完成作业。(have+过去分词构成现在完成时)
He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。(has+过去分词构成现在完成时)
The bus had gone when I got to the bus stop.我到达车站时公交车已经离开。(had+过去分词构成过去完成时)
2)have/has/had+been+doing(动词的现在分词)，构成完成进行时态。
例如：How long have you been collecting shells?你收集贝壳有多长时间了?
He has been studying English since five years ago.他从5年前开始就一直在学习英语。
3、助动词do/ does/ did
助动词do/ does/ did主要帮助构成疑问句，也可用于倒装句、强调句或代替上文提到过的行为等。他们的否定式don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t帮助构成否定句。
例如：Does he often play sports after school?他经常放学后做运动吗?
We don’t speak Japanese.我们不说日语。
Did they visit the Palace Museum on their last day off?他们上个休息日参观故宫了吗?
She didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.她昨晚上没看电视。
4、助动词will, shall, would, should
助动词will, shall主要用于构成一般将来时，其中will可用于各人称，而shall一般只用于第一人称。would，should是will，shall的过去式，可以用于构成过去将来时，但很多时候被用作情态动词。
例如：There will be more trees and less pollution in the future.将来会有更多的树木，更少的污染。(帮助构成一般将来时)
Shall we go to the park on the weekend?我们周末去公园好吗?(一般将来时，用于提出建议)
They said they would come the next day.他们说他们第二天来。(帮助构成过去将来时)
Would you mind my turning down the radio?你介意我关小收音机吗?(用于礼貌地提出建议)
You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。(用于提供建议)
5、情态动词can, may, must, might, could等
情态动词具有一定的词义，用以表达说话人的态度或情感，必须和后面的实义动词一起构成合成谓语。
篇2：中考英语语法详解七：情态动词、系动词
专题七 情态动词、系动词
一、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语，表说话人的语气和态度。它没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：
1. can表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思;表示可能性，多用在否定或疑问句中;表示请求和许可。
如：The parrot can speak three languages. 这只鹦鹉能讲三种语言。
Can I borrow the book from the library?我可以从图书棺借这本书吗?
Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能会很冷。
拓展延伸can还有过去式could 可表“能，会”，又可以和be able to替换，而be able to有 更多时态。 如：
He could swim when he was four. =He was able to swim when he was four. 他四岁时就会游泳。 在一般疑问句中，can/could 常用来表示请求或征求对方意见，用could 比用can语气更加委婉和客气。类似用法的还有Will /Would you (please)…等句型。
如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我怎样到邮局吗? Would you please turn up the radio?请你把收音机开大点，好吗?
2.may表示“许可”时，相当于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t;表推测时，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。
如：-May I borrow your ruler?我可以借用您的直尺吗?
-No, you can't /mustn't. 不行。
She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教师。
拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功!
3.must表示“必须;必要”，以“must”开头的一般疑问句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn't”或“don't have to”。 must表推测时，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn ' t表“禁止”的意思。
如：-Must I leave now?现在我必须离开吗?
-No，you needn't /you don't have to. 没有必要。
This book must be Lucy's . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 这本书是露西的。看!封面上还有她的名字。
You mustn't draw on the wall. 你不准在墙上画画。
拓展延伸must表示说话人的主观看法，只有一般现在时;have to强调客观要求，有时态、人称和数的变化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 妈妈病了，我得去照看她。
4.need作情态动词时，常用在否定和疑问句中，表示“需要;要”的意思。
如：Need we finish the work now?现在我们需要完成这项工作吗?
They needn ' t look after him. 他们不需要照顾他了。
拓展延伸need还可以用作行为动词，可以用于各种句型。如：
Does he need any help? 他需要帮助吗?
The desk needs repairing. 这张桌子需要修理。
5.shall 用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方意见，过去式为should;will 用手第二人称的疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求和建议，过去式为would。
如：Shall I go shopping with you?'我可以同你去购物吗?
I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步该干什么。
Would you please come a little earlier?请你来早一点好吗?
6.情态动词had better的用法
(1)had better 后接动词原形，表劝告、建议，意为“最好”。“You'd better… ”含有强制命令的语气，对长辈不宜使用。
如：You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问一下那边的那个警察。
(2)慎用had better! 注意以下四条：
①had better表达的是说话者强硬性的建议，告诫别人(包括自己)如何做。 如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. We'd better catch a bus. 奶奶，医院不是很近。我们最好坐公共汽车。
②had better不用于礼貌的请求或征询，它隐含一种警告或威胁。 如：You ' d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作业完成，明天带来。
③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示语气强硬以外，还表示马上要去做的事情，比should更紧迫。 如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好马上去看医生。
④had better不含比较的意思，该结构表示“It would be good to… ”，而不是“It would be better to…”。
二、系动词
系动词有实际意义，但不能单独做谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。 它分为完全系动词和不完全系动词。
1.完全系动词(be)可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、句子做表语。如： I'm a student. 我是个学生。(名词) He is fine. 他很好。(形容词) It is me. 是我。(代词) Are you there?你在那儿吗?(副词) She is at school. 她在学校读书。(介词短语) He is to come soon. 他过会儿该来了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(动词的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的想法是我们现在就开始。(句子)
2.不完全系动词 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容词做表语。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put into a fridge.
食物如果不放进冰箱里就会很快变坏。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation.
我哥哥毕业后就当上了老师。(注意become和turn的用法区别)
篇3：英语语法详解 代词六
英语语法详解 代词（六）
内 容 提 要代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的.功用。
连接代词：是用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，连接代词有 what, who, whom,whose, which。
一、what可引导名词性从句，作主语和表语。“what”兼具先行词和关系代词的性质，what=the thing(things)that
1) Continue to be you are before you find an exercelent job!
［A］ who［B］ that［C］ what［D］ which
2) would be a fairly long speech in a play is often presented as a recitative(宣叙部) in opera.
［A］ That［B］ There［C］ It［D］ What
二、代词who(m), which和what可以和?ever构成复合代词(whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever)，它们起强调作用，都兼具先行词和关系词的作用。表示“所有，一切”意。whoever和whomever作为复合代词，前边有介词，如果单纯作介词的宾语用whomever；如果介词后边的复合代词引导从句，则用whoever
3) it is you have heard, you'd better ask him about it in person.
［A］ Whatever ［B］ However［C］ That［D］ Although
4) The government will sell public houses to provides enough amount of money for the government further investment.
［A］ whoever ［B］ those［C］ people［D］ who
三、有时这些复合代词还可以引起状语
5) the size or nature of a business,its main goal is to earn a profit.
［A］ Whatever［B］ Of［C］ Whereas［D］ Because
四、例题解析
1) C为正确答案。2) D为正确答案。3) A为正确答案。4) A为正确答案。5) A为正确答案。
篇4：英语语法详解 情态动词二
英语语法详解 情态动词（二）
内 容 提 要情态动词有can(能),may(可以),must(必须),have to(不得不),ought to(应该),dare(敢),used to(过去经常),had better(最好),would rather(宁愿)。在肯定句中它们后边都要接 动词原形 。在否定句中，can,may,must和dare后边加not；have to和ought to分别在have和ought后加not；used to的否定式可用used not to，也可用didn't use to，但后者用得较多；had better和would rather的否定式分别是had better not和would rather not。这些情态动词与现在完成时连用在某种意义上有一定的虚拟性。
情态动词与完成时的使用
一、must+have+?ED分词：用于肯定句，表示对过去情况的一种肯定推测，表示“肯定，一定”
1) It around nine o'clock when I drove back home because it was already dark.
［A］ had to be ［B］ must have been ［C］ was to be ［D］ must be
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class;
［A］ he should study last night
［B］ he should have studied last night
［C］ he must have studied last night
［D］ he must had to study last night
3) After searching ［A］ for evidence in the house,the police concluded ［B］ that the thief must have come in ［C］ through the window and stole ［D］ the silver while the family was asleep.
二、may (might)+have+?ED分词：用于肯定句和否定句，表示对已发生事情的不肯定的推测，相当于“可能，大概，”其中might较may 语气更弱，把握更小
She might have gone to see her doctor last week, but I am not sure.
上星期或许她去看医生了，但我不敢肯定。
Don't worry， your husband may not have been hurt seriously.
别急，你丈夫也许伤得不厉害。
三、should(ought to)+have+?ED分词：肯定句表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生；否定句表示已发生了本不该发生的事。前者可译为“本应，”后者为“本不该”
You should have apologized to her for not soon replying to the letter. 你本应向她道歉，说明为什么没能及时回信。(可你没这么做)
4) You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.
［A］ ought to come［B］ ought to be coming［C］ ought to have come［D］ ought have come
四、can(not) +have+?ED分词
He is an hour late -- He can have been delayed by fog. Of course,that's a possibility.他迟到了1小时，可能因为大雾而耽搁了。当然这只是可能性问题。
The poem can not have been written by her since she was only five years old then.这诗不可能是她写的，因为她那时才5岁。
五、“could+have+?ED分词”有时用于表示过去的时间，说明某事可能或不可能已发生；有时可表示过去本来可以做某事，但却未做
I simply can't understand how he could have made such a mistake. 我简直不明白他怎么会犯那样的错误。
He walked there,but he could have taken a taxi. 他走着去了，可当时完全可以坐出租。
“couldn't+have+?ED分词”还表示无论如何也不可能或没有做到
I couldn't have called you. I wasn't near a telephone. 反正我也不可能给你打电话，我附近没有电话。
5) “We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.”“He it.”
［A］ mustn't attended［B］ couldn't have attended［C］ would have not attended［D］ needn't have attended
六、needn't+have+?ED分词：表示对过去不必做的事情却做了，可译为“其实不必”
6) You all these parcels yourself.The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.
［A］ didn't need to carry［B］ needn't have carried［C］ needn't carry［D］ didn't need carry
七、used to 表示过去的`习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在否定陈述句中，一般用didn't use to，也可用used not to；在疑问句中用“Did…use to”。used to还可never,often,always等连用。注意used to与be used to的不同，后者表示be accustomed to “习惯于某种状态”，而且跟接名词或?ING形式，而used to后接动词原形，试比较
He used to drink. 表示“他过去经常喝酒”而现在不喝了。
He is used to wine (He is used to drinking wine) at each meal.
表示“他现在已养成习惯，每顿饭喝点葡萄酒。”
八、had better表示“最好……”，后接动词原形，其否定式为had better not＋动词原形
You had better not follow his behavior. 你最好不要学他。
九、would rather 意思是“宁愿”，表示选择。它有两种用法，一是在肯定句中后边直接跟动词原形，其否定句是在would rather 后加not,即 would rather not＋动词原形；二是它后边可以跟接从句，该从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。由于would rather表示选择，它后边可跟接than
She would rather sleep than talk rubbish. 她宁愿睡不愿闲聊。
7) “Did you criticize him for his mistakes?”--“Yes,but it.”
［A］ I'd rather not do［B］ I'd rather not doing［C］ I'd rather not have done［D］ I'd rather not did
［注］ would rather和had rather都表示“宁愿”，在用法上也没有区别。但如果说would rather与had rather完全一样(Longman Dictionary of Comtemporary English 如是说)，这一说法有争议。其实had rather在现代标准英语中几乎已经不用了。这对我们考试来说是比较重要的，因为一般考题作为标准英语是不用had rather的。
十、例题解析
1) B为正确答案。2) C为正确答案。
3) D错。改为stolen。这里C处和D处是并列的谓语，D处相当于must have stolen。
4) C为正确答案。5) B为正确答案。6) B为正确答案。7) C为正确答案。
篇5：英语语法详解 动词不定式五
英语语法详解 动词不定式（五）
八、不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动式，包括它的一般式和完成式
36) Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed blown off the mountain.
［A］to have been［B］to be［C］that it was［D］that it had been
37) For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca's name or his works .
［A］ to mention; to be published［B］ to be mentioned; to publish
［C］ being mentioned; being published［D］ to be mentioned; to be published
38) There is，it seems ［A］ ， no ［B］ limit to the satisfaction to be finding ［C］ in the pursuit of knowledge ［D］ .
九、不定式的否定形式：否定形式是在不定式的标志to前边加not
39) that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.
［A］ They asked him not to give［B］ They asked him to don't give
［C］ They asked him no give［D］ They asked him to no give
40) Please remember lights on in the future.
［A］ don't leave ［B］ not to leave ［C］ not leaving ［D］ don't to leave
41) The teacher told ［A］ the students to don't ［B］ discuss ［C］ the take?home exam with each other ［D］ .
十、介词except和but(作“只有……，只能……”讲时)跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)
He seldom goes back home except to ask for money from his parents.
He did nothing there except watch TV for the whole night.(不带to的不定式)
I had no choice but to stay in bed.
Last night I did nothing but prepare my lessons.
42) Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man's bed.He must have done nothing but .
［A］ drink［B］ to drink［C］ drinking［D］ drunk
43) When the streets are full of ［A］ melting ［B］ snow, you cannot help but getting ［C］ your shoes wet ［D］ .
十一、例题解析
1) A错。 改为To derive。
2) A为正确答案。
3) C为正确答案。
4) B错。改为to concentrate。
5) A为正确答案。
6) C为正确答案。“to be known”后通常接不定式，与此类似的尚有“to be said”等。
7) B错。改为to land。因为manage后只能跟带to的不定式作宾语。
8) D为正确答案。
9) C为正确答案。因为know须接带特殊疑问词的`动词不定式。
10) C为正确答案。
11) A错。改为to provide，根据平行原则，A处和“to allow…”是并列的表语，故A处也应用不定式。
12) B错。改为to negociate。
13) A对。不定式短语“to bring…characters”充当宾语“the artist”的定语。“allow sb.to do sth.”是固定搭配，还有类似的其他动词。这句话的意思是：在动画片摄制过程中，影片的灵活性能使艺术家充分施展其想象力。
14) D为正确答案。名词“ability”(能力) 后要接不定式，表示哪一方面的能力。
15) B错。改为“controlling”，此处的“to control”与“trouble”并没有这层关系。
16) A为正确答案。17) C为正确答案。18) C为正确答案。19) D错。改为to do。20) D为正确答案。
21) C为正确答案。22) B为正确答案。23) C为正确答案。24) D为正确答案。25) B错。改为“be detected”。
26) A为正确答案。27) A为正确答案。28) C为正确答案。29) B为正确答案。30) A为正确答案。
31) C错。改为pile up。32) C为正确答案。33) A为正确答案。34) B为正确答案。35) B为正确答案。
36) A为正确答案。37) D为正确答案。
38) C错。本句不定式所表示的动作“发现”(find) 逻辑上的主语为“满足”(satisfaction)， 而“满足”只能被“发现”，故C应改为?ED分词“found”，“to be found”为不定式被动态。
39) A为正确答案。
40) B为正确答案。
41) B错。改为not to。
42) A为正确答案。
43) C错。改为get。如果去掉C前的“but”, 本句应为： When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help getting your shoes wet.
篇6：英语语法详解 动词不定式一
英语语法详解 动词不定式（一）
内 容 提 要动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。动词不定式的特殊情况也要掌握。
第一节 动词不定式的构成与形式
一、动词不定式的概念：动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语1) 、宾语2)、表语3)、定语4) 和状语5)
1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement，skillfulness，and upward mobility.
［A］ To acquire［B］ Acquire［C］ Acquires［D］ Have acquired
2) We are planning for the entrance examination for postgraduate.
［A］ registering［B］ register［C］ to register ［D］ registered
3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials for the matriculation of postgraduate.
［A］ make our every effort［B］ to make our every effort
［C］ to our every effort［D］ made our efforts
4) -Where should I send my application?
-The Personnel Office is the place it to.
［A］ sends［B］ be sended［C］ to be sended ［D］ to send
5) from others, one should take his promise.
［A］ To get confidence ［B］ To getting confidence
［C］ To get confidences［D］ Getting to the confidence
说明：以上五句中的斜体是其动词不定式的附属部分。
二、动词不定式的构成与形式： 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语［2］和4］中的斜体部分］和状语［5］中的斜体部分］。虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的'意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语 。考研题中，语法中所考动词不定式部分包括检测考生是否掌握动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间的一致，其中主要包括它们之间 主动和被动 的关系以及 它们在时间上的一致 ，同时动词不定式还有其否定形式。所有这些涉及到动词不定式的各种形式。现以动词make为例，其形式如下：
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made
进行式 (not) to be making
完成进行式 (not) to have been making
6) Some ［A］ types of naphtha(石油脑) are employed to dissolving ［B］ rubber ［C］ and to thin paints and ［D］ varnish.
7) The Statue of Liberty was originally ［A］ proposed ［B］ in 1865 to commemoration ［C］ the alliance ［D］ of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
8) The purpose ［A］ of inductive logic ［B］ is to inferring ［C］ general laws from particular occurrences ［D］ .
三、例题解析
1) A为正确答案。2) C为正确答案。3) B为正确答案。4) D为正确答案。5) A为正确答案。
6) B错。改用动词原形“dissolve”，不定式符号“to”后只能出现动词原形。
7) C错。改为“commemorate”。8) C错。改为“to infer”，注意句子的主语为“purpose”(目的) 。
篇7：英语语法详解 动词不定式三
英语语法详解 动词不定式（三）
三、不定式作表语1. 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)
To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
2. 另一种情况主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .
12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.
四、不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系
13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
［A］ to bring［B］ bringing［C］ is brought［D］ brings
14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
［A］ be giving［B］ are given［C］ being given［D］ to give 另外，有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系，如除了上述例句以外，还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
2. 动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语
15) Alice was having ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.
16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .
［A］ to buy［B］ buy［C］to be buying［D］ buying
17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
［A］ to do … to talk［B］ doing … to talk to
［C］ to do … to talk to［D］ doing… to talk
3. 因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么就要在动词后加上相应的.介词
He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .
［A］ to sit［B］ for to sit on［C］ to sit on［D］ for sitting
4. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：ability, attempt, effort等
19) During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.
20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
［A］ discover［B］ discovers［C］ discovering［D］ to discover
21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her?
［A］ please ［B］ pleased ［C］ to please ［D］ having pleased
五、不定式作状语
注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。
1. 表示目的
22) its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
［A］Although［B］To carry out［C］Except that［D］ Make
23) pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.
［A］ Obtaining［B］ Being obtained［C］ To obtain［D］ It is obtained
24) When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
［A］killed each other［B］killing each other［C］to be killed each other
［D］to kill each other
2. 表示结果，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语
He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
3. 表示原因
It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
4. 伴随状况
在下列表示能力、愿望、倾向等语义的形容词后边也要接不定式：able(但其同义词“ capable”后面要接“of+动名词”)，anxious, eager, glad, inclined(倾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。
25) Certain ［A］ minerals are magnetic and are able to detected ［B］ by instruments that measure ［C］ differences in the Earth's magnetic fields ［D］
【中考英语语法详解六：动词】相关文章：
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