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法语中faire+动词不定式结构的用法详析

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法语中faire+动词不定式结构的用法详析

篇1:法语中faire+动词不定式结构的用法详析

法语中faire+动词不定式结构的用法详析

faire+动词不定式结构是法语中比较常用的一种表达方式.在具体使用的过程中,这一结构需要遵循一定的使用规则,而它的使用规则则相对来说有些纷繁复杂,不容易掌握,下文将试图对它的'使用规则或者说是用法作详细地分析,希望能对法语学习者正确掌握这一结构的用法有所帮助.

作 者:花阳  作者单位:天津外国语学院基础课教学部,天津,300204 刊 名:科教文汇 英文刊名:THE SCIENCE EDUCATION ARTICLE COLLECTS 年,卷(期): “”(24) 分类号:H314 关键词:faire   动词不定式结构   用法   详析  

篇2:初中英语动词不定式用法全面解析

初中英语动词不定式用法全面解析

它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为“to+动词原形”,to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点:

1.具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语。

2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点,作以简要的总结和分析,供同学们学习时参考。

1

动词不定式作主语

1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.

A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)

2. It's hard for us _________ English well.

A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)

3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)

4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.

A. for,of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to(安徽省)

Keys:1. A 2. C 3. take, to,build 4. B

[简析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词 (for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词 (for sb)to do sth.句式 (1)中常用nice,kind, clever,good, right,wrong, foolish, careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard,difficult, easy, important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表述不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。

2

动词不定式作宾语

1. He wants ______ some vegetables.

A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)

2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.

A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)

3. He found it very difficult ______.

A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)

Keys:1. C 2. A 3. D

[简析]在want, like, agree,hope,wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

3

动词不定式作宾语补足语

1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.

A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)

2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.

A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)Key:1. B 2. C

[简析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 :ask, teach, expect,tell, allow等。

4

动词不定式作状语

1. She went ______ her teacher.

A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)

2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key:1. A 2. C

[简析]go, come, try,do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。

3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)

4. I'm sorry ______ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)

Keys:3. D 4. B

[简析]“be +形容词+ to do sth”结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。

5. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)

6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广东省)

Keys: 5. is, too,small, for 6. thick, for,to, skate,on

[简析]在上述“too +形容词/副词 (for sb)to do…”(太……而不能……)和“enough (for sb) to do…”(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。B13a.

篇3:关于英语语法中使役动词的用法详细分析

使役动词在英语语法中是属于一个比较难的知识点,但如果你能够在英语写作中用上它的话,会让你的作文增分不少,今天就让我们来好好学习一下吧。

使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中)

1. get:使成为/变得某种状态或结果。

I can’t get the old radio to work.

我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。(接带to不定式作宾补)

Can you really get that old car going again?

你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?

The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.

那农民在雨季前完成了种植。

He got his wrist broken.

他折断了手腕。(主语发生了不幸的事)

She soon got the children ready for school.

她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。

2. leave:使保持/处于某种状态

Leave your hat and coat in the hall.

把帽子和外套放在大厅里。

Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?

你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?

Always leave things where you can find them again.

总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。

Who left that window open?

谁让窗户开着?

Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.

别让他在外面雨中等待。

Leave somebody / something alone.

不要干涉某人或某事。

3. set:使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系

set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松

set something in order 使某物井然有序

set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)

It’s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了。

The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思。

He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材。

I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我决心于五月底前完成膜作。

set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼

4. send:使某人或某物急剧地移动

The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground.

地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上。

Mind how you go----you nearly sent me flying. 小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.

Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滚蛋.

The good harvest sent the prices down. 丰收使物价下跌.

5. drive:使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事

Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望。

You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你会把我气疯的。/ 你会使我穷尽应付的。

Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃。

6. keep:使某人或某物保持某种状态

You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来。

The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里。

If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里。

Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?

I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很报歉让你久等了。

The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去。

使役意义动态动词

1. cause 致使,导致(能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语)

What caused his death? 什么导致了他的死亡?

This has caused us much anxiety. 这给我们带来了极大的忧虑。

What caused the plants to die.(=what made them die.)什么使得这些植物枯死。

He caused the prisoner to be put to death. (=he had them put to death.)他使得这些犯人被处死。

2. force 迫使,强迫 (宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等)

force one’s way through a crowd 从人群中挤出一条路来.

force a way in / out / through 冲入/出/过

force an entry into a building 强行进入一建筑

force the war upon him 强迫某人作战

force someone into doing something 强迫某人做某事

force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/自己努力工作

“半使役动词”amaze, astonish等

1. 常见的半使役动词

amaze(使某人感到惊呀), astonish(使某人感到惊奇),

bore(使某人感到厌倦), complicate(使某人感到复杂),

confuse(使某人感到迷惑), disappoint (使某人感到失望),

delight(使某人感到高兴), discourage(使某人感到气馁),

distinguish(使某人感到显著), excite (使某人感到兴奋),

encourage(使某人感到鼓舞), exhaust (使某人感到疲倦),

frighten(使某人感到恐惧), interest (使某人感到有趣),

inspire(使某人感到刺激), move(使某人感到激动),

please(使某人感到高兴), puzzle(使某人感到不解),

satisfy(使某人感到满意), surprise(使某人感到惊异),

shock(使某人感到震惊), strike (使某人感到震动),

tire(使某人感到疲惫), upset (使某人感到迷惑不解),等等。

2. 半使役动词的主动式用法:something + vt. + somebody

The exam result satisfied his parents.

考试结果令他的父母很满意。

The boy’s behavior upset everybody around.

这个男孩的行为使周围的每个人都很沮丧。

3. 半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成。

如:interest----interesting, interested;

astonish----astonishing, astonished;

please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant;

satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.

4. 半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律,一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动、表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事,v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法,而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词,如:

The film we saw last night was very interesting.

我们昨天晚上看的电影非常有趣。

We were all interested in the film.

我们都对这部电影感兴趣。

The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.

令人恐惧的飓风使这个女孩感到害怕。

The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.

这位老师对他学生们的回答感到满意。

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