情态动词shall与should的用法
“hxtcsc”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了9篇情态动词shall与should的用法,这里给大家分享一些情态动词shall与should的用法,供大家参考。
篇1:情态动词shall与should的用法
我们已经学习过了几个情态动词,如can,may,must,need以及have to.实际上,shall不只是助动词,它也是情态动词,表示“征求对方的意见”.例如:
Shall we clean the classroom now?现在我们可以打扫教室吗?
这种用法和may相似,但不尽相同.试比较:
May I play soccer after supper?晚饭后我可不可以踢足球?(请求许可)
Shall I play soccer after supper?晚饭后我要不要踢足球?(征求意见)
should是shall的过去式,它可以用于过去时态中,但更多的是用作情态动词,意思是“应当;应该”,用来表示义务或责任.此时,它不再局限于和第一人称的代词连用,而是三种人称都能使用.例如:
They shouldn't be so careless.他们不该如此粗心.
You should answer my question in English.你应当用英语回答我的问题.
It's raining hard.You should drive slowly.雨下得很大.你开车要慢些.
should还可以用在提供帮助、提出建议、要求、给予指示的句子中.例如:
What should I do for them?我应当为他们做些什么?
Should I help you carry the basket?要不要我帮你提篮子?
应当注意的是,当should表示上述两种意思时,要重读.
Will和Shall的用法
Will这个字与Future Simple Tense有很密切的关系,因为在Future Simple Tense里,一定有“will”这个字存在.
(+)She will go to the club tonight.今晚她会去俱乐部.
(-)She will not go to the club tonight.今晚她不会去俱乐部.
(+?)Will she go to the club tonight?今晚她会不会去俱乐部?
Will的用法
(1)当我们刚决定或刚想到会做一些事情∶
例(一)I will switch on the air condition,it is hot here.我会去开冷气,因为这里很热.
例(二)A∶Have you sent the cheque?你寄了那张支票吗?
B∶I will send it now.我现在会寄那张支票.
(2)当我们用到I think I will(我想我会)或是I don’t think I will……(我不认为我会)∶
例(三)I think I will go out tonight,I feel bored.我想今晚我会出去,因为我觉得很闷.
例(四)I do not think Jenny will come.我不认为Jenny会来.
(3)当我们讲出来,将会协助别人做的事情∶
例(五)A:The door is stuck.那个门塞著了.
B:I will help you.我会帮你.
(4)当我们同意要做一些事情∶
例(六)I will reture the book to you next Friday.我在下个星期五会把书本还给你.
(5)当我们要求别人帮助我们处理事情∶
例(七)Will you help me to close the door?你可以帮我把门关上吗?
注∶通常在讲英语方面,“不会”这一词,我们可以用won’t.
例(八)I have asked her to do this many times she won’t Iisten to me.
我已经叫她做这个很多次,但她不会听我说.
Shall的用法
Shall只提供给I(我)和We(我们)用.现时,我们多数只用Shall I 或是Shall we 来问一些人的意见或是允许,而且翻译成华语是带有应该的意思∶
例(九)Shall we go now?我们应该走了吗?
例(十)What shall we do to her?我们应该如何对待她?
(7)Shall I……?与Will you……?的分别∶
(a)Shall I clear the table?(你要我收拾桌子吗?)
(b)Will you clear the table?(我要你收拾桌子.)
以上的两个句子,可以证明Will you……带有比较认真和直接的意思.
翻译∶
用适当的英文will或是shall翻译以下的句子∶
(1)A∶你有打电话给老板吗?
B∶哦!我忘记了,我现在会打电话给他.
(2)我想我会关上窗.
(3)我们今晚应该做些什么?
(4)我会在楼下的大厅等你.
(5)那辆车不能驾,我不知道发生了什么事?
(6)你要我开门吗?因为这里很热.
(7)这是一个秘密,我答应不会告诉别人.
(8)谢谢你借我汽车,我下个星期会归还给你.
经过这一项练习“will”或“shall”,您将更清楚未来词的用法了.
答案∶
(1)A:Did you call the boss?
B:Oh!I Have forgotten/I forgot.I will call him now
(2)I think I will close the window.
(3)What shall we do tonight/this evening.
(4)I will wait for you at the hall.
(5)The car will not start.I do not know what has happened.
(6)Shall I open the door.It is hot/warm here.
(7)This is a secret.I promise I will not tell others.
(8)Thank you for lending me the car.I will return it to you next week.
篇2:情态动词shall的用法
英语语法:情态动词 shall 的用法
1. 表示建议,用在问句中征求对方的意见和指示,这时可以用于第一人称和第三人称。 如:
Shall I turn on the light?
要开灯吗?(我把灯打开好吗)
Shall we sit here?
咱们坐这儿怎么样?(坐这儿好吗)
What shall we eat?
我们该吃什么?(征求对方意见)
比较:
What will we eat?
我们将吃什么?(单纯指未来)
Shall Brandon come to see you?
你要不要布兰登来看你?
比较:
Will Brandon come to see you?
布兰登会不会来看你?
Shall those books be sent over to you at once?
那些书要不要马上给你送过来?
Shall we begin now?
我们现在开始,好吗?
Shall I get you some more coffee?
我再给您倒点咖啡喝,好吗?
例题:
—What's the name?
—Khulaifi. I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
【答案选A】Shall I / we...?表示“我 / 我们……好吗?”,通常用来征求对方意见,常用于第一人称。
2. 表示命令,用于陈述句,与第二人称或第三人称连用,表示允诺、命令、警告和强制,或表示说话人的决心等。 如:
We shall do what we are told.
我们必须要按所吩咐的去做。
You shall not get it so easily next time.
你下次就不会轻易得到它。
If you work well,you shall get a chance of promotion.
你要是好好干,就有提升的机会。
You shan't =shall not have any.
你一点也别想得到。
Then you shall come.
那你就得来。(命令)
Don't worry. You shall get the reply soon.
别着急,很快你就可以得到答复。(允诺)
Tell him that he shall have the ticket tomorrow.
告诉他明天他就可以拿到票。(承诺)
You shall be sorry for it one day.
总有一天你会后悔的。(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.
什么也不能阻止我们实现这项计划。(决心)
3. 用于名词性从句中,表示应当,可用于各种人称。 如:
Anne desires that the meeting shall be over soon.
安妮希望会议能很快结束。
It is decided that a special committee shall investigate this matter.
已经决定由一个特别委员会来负责调查此事
冠词的存在有什么意义?
冠词(article)是限定词(determiner)的一种。
用限定词修饰名词的目的:提供名词有关的信息,限定名词所指的范围。
提供的信息包括:名词的特指或泛指,单数或复数、数量、归属等。
冠词(article)就提供了名词特指或泛指的信息。
例:
(1)I don't like cheese.
(2)I like the cake, but I don't like the cheese.
(1)我不喜欢奶酪。
(2)我喜欢这块蛋糕,但是我不喜欢里面的奶酪。
(1)不加冠词,cheese指向了奶酪这一大类;(2)加了定冠词the,说话者将cheese锁定在了这一块蛋糕里的奶酪,只对这块奶酪表达了喜好。
seem用法总洁
seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词,意为“似乎;好像”,其常见用法现归纳如下:
一、“主语+ seem +(to be )+表语” ,表语多为名词或形容词,有时是其他的词或短语,以说明主语的特征或状态。例如:
Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老师。
Mr Black seemed to be quite happy. 布莱克先生好像十分快乐。
This small town seems changed a little. 这个小城镇似乎有点儿变化。
二、“主语+ seem + 不定式” ,此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。例如:
Mrs Green doesn’t seem (或seems not ) to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。
The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大。
三、“It seems + that从句” ,其中it 是形式主语,that引导主语从句。例如:
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
It seems to me that Mr Brown will not come again. 在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。
四、“There + seem to be +名词” ,其中to be 可省略。seem 的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。例如:
There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。
There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。
篇3:初二英语语法情态动词should用法讲解
初二英语语法情态动词should用法讲解
情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
HowshouldIknow?我怎么知道?
Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如:
Youshouldbeherewithcleanhands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
Youshouldgotothedoctorifyoufeelill.
如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3.用于表示可能性。should的.这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
Weshouldarrivebysuppertime.我们在晚饭前就能到了。
Sheshouldbehereanymoment.她随时都可能来。
篇4:英语情态动词的用法与探讨
英语情态动词的用法与探讨
英语情态动词从意义上可以分为两类,以had或may为情态动词的“建议”和以would为情态动词的.“愿望”类.这是在学习和使用英语时的难点,在学习英语过程中,解决了这一难点,就可以正确的使用英语的情态动词.
作 者:杨军 作者单位:哈尔滨理工大学公共外语教学部,黑龙江,哈尔滨,150080 刊 名:科技信息(学术版) 英文刊名:SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年,卷(期): “”(20) 分类号:H3 关键词:情态动词 学习过程 用法篇5:英语情态动词的用法与探讨
英语情态动词的用法与探讨
英语情态动词从意义上可以分为两类,以had或may为情态动词的`“建议”和以would为情态动词的“愿望”类.这是在学习和使用英语时的难点,在学习英语过程中,解决了这一难点,就可以正确的使用英语的情态动词.
作 者:杨军 作者单位:哈尔滨理工大学公共外语教学部,黑龙江,哈尔滨,150080 刊 名:科技信息(科学・教研) 英文刊名:SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年,卷(期):2007 “”(20) 分类号:H3 关键词:情态动词 学习过程 用法篇6:情态动词用法讲与练
湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
五、should在虚拟语气中的运用
1、在if引导的条件状语从句中,若表示与将来事实相反的假设,条件句的谓语动词可以用“should +动词原形”;若if省略, should应提到句首,构成部分倒装。例如:
If it should snow tom orrow ,the m eet- ing would be put off.
如果明天下雪的话,运动会就会推迟。
13._____it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94上海)鶤.Were鶥.Should鶦.Would D.Will
2、动词arrange(安排,筹划),command(命令,要求),demand(要求,需要),desire(要求,渴望),insist(坚决主张),order,propose(主张,提议),request,require,suggest(建议)等后跟宾语从句时,谓语动词应用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:
14.The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the role.(MET85)
A.obeying鶥.obey鶦.will obey鶧.would obey
15.Jane's face suggested that she __________ ill,and her parents suggested that she______ a medical examination.(95上海)
A.be;should have鶥.was;have鶦.should be;had鶧.was;has
The doctor ordered that she(should) stay in bed for another week.
医生嘱咐她应该躺在床上再呆一周。
He proposed that we(should)go there by plane.他主张我们应该乘飞机去那里。
3、名词advice,idea,order,demand, plan,proposal(主张),suggestion,request等后跟表语从句或同位语从句时,其谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Hangzhou for sightseeing.
我们都同意他的建议我们应该到杭州去观光旅游。
My advice is that we(should)do more eye exercises every day.
我的建议是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。
4、在主语从句的下列三种句型中,主句的谓语动词应用“(should)+动词原形”。
(1)It is necessary(important,impossible,strange,natural...)that...
(2)It is a pity(a shame...)that...
(3)It is suggested(requested,ordered,desired...)that...例如:
It is necessary that we should send for a doctor.我们很有必要派人请个医生来。
It is requested that Miss Gao(should) give a perform ance at the m eeting.
人们要求高小姐应该在大会上进行一场演出。
It is a pity that he(should)be so careless.他竟如此粗心真是令人遗憾。
六、should可以用来表示惊奇、惶惑、不满、惋惜、忧虑等情绪。例如:
16.You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady.(上海)鶤.might B.need C.should D.would
Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible.他从来没有料到情况竟如此可怕。
七、should可以表示谦逊、委婉之意,意为“可……;倒……”。例如:
Should you like to drink some beer?你是否喜欢喝点啤酒?
He should expect their team to win the match.他倒是希望他们队能赢得这场比赛。
八、should可以用于较强语气的假设情形中,表示“竟然;万一”之意。例如:
If he should fail to come,ask John to go there in his place.万一他不能来就叫约翰代替他去。
Should it blow hard,we would not go out for a picnic.万一明天刮大风,我们就无法去野餐了。
九、should用于目的状语从句或in case引导的条件状语从句中时,相当于might,含有“会;可以”之意。例如:鶷hey got up early so that they should catch up the first flight in time.
他们很早起床以便能及时赶上首班飞机。
He took him along with an umbrella in case it should rain.
他随身带了一把雨伞,以防天可能下雨。
又如:
-The room is so dirty. _____we clean it﹖
-Of course.煩(北京)牘
A. Will B. Shall鶦. Would鶧. Do
简析:问句表示征求对方的意见,故本题选B。
It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack____ be here at any moment.(NMET’95)牘
A. must鶥. need C. should鶧. can
简析:本题应选C。should在本题中表示推测,意为“很可能”。又如:
-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They ____ be ready by 1200.(NMET’98)牘
A. can鶥. should C. might鶧. need
简析:本题应选B。should在本题中表示应该。
热点五:“情态动词+have+过去分词”常见句型及用法
句型1:should (ought to) have+过去分词
表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情。含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have + 过去分词”。如:
We ____ last night,but we went to the concert instead.(MET’92)牘
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
简析:本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“我们不应去听音乐会,而应学习”。故本题选C。
句型2:needn’t have+过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。如:
There was plenty of time. She _____.(MET’87)牘
A. mustn’t have hurried鶥. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
简析:本题的前一句暗示了一个条件,后一句则是由这个条件得出的结论。故本题选D。
句型3:must have+过去分词
意为“过去一定做过某事”,表示一种很有把握的推测。注意,对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词。如:
I didn’t hear the phone. I ______asleep.(MET’89)牘
A. must be B. must have been鶦. should be鶧. should have been
简析:本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果,后一句则表示一个原因。
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning.She ___ at the meeting.(上海’91)
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken鶧. couldn’t have spoken
简析:从题意上分析,本题的前一句陈述一个理由,后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选D。
句型4:may/might have+过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的(可能性)推测,意为“或许/可能做过某事”。另外,用于虚拟语气时,通常用might。如:
He _____you more help even though he was very busy. (MET’90)牘
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
简析:本题应选A。全句意为“即使再忙,他也可能再多给你一些帮助的”。
句型5:could have+过去分词
表示“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事,但实际上没有做到”。如:
-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
-Oh, did you﹖ You ____ with Barbara.(NMET’98)牘
A. could have stayed鶥. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed (Key: A)
情态动词专练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Jenny____have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.(MET1992)牘鶤.must B.should C.need D.would
2.-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ -Yes, of course you ____.(MET1992)牘鶤.might B.will C.can D.should
3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ____ be here at any moment.(NMET1995)牘鶤.must B.need C.should鶧.can
4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___get out.(NMET)牘
A.had to B.would鶦.could D.was able to
5.Mr Brown, many students want to see you, __they wait here or outside﹖ A.shall鶥.will鶦.can鶧.would
6.The monitor must be in the reading-room,_____﹖
A.mustn’t B.doesn’t C.needn’t D.isn’t
7.Dr Baker must have given a good speech at the conference yesterday, __he﹖ A.mustn’t B.didn’t C.needn’t D.isn’t
8.-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They ____ be ready by 12:00(NMET)
A.can B.should C.might D.need
9.I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.(NMET1994)
A.had to write it out鶥.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
10.He hardly __say anything more, since you know all about it.
A.don’t鶥.needn’t鶦.needs鶧.need
11.-Alice looks sad.Did you tell her about the news?-Yes,but I __________ her later.
A.should have told鶥.shouldn't have told鶦.must have told鶧.needn't have told
12.You __________ this morning,if you really wanted to see it yourself.
A.ought to come鶥.may have come鶦.ought to have come鶧.could come
13.-You ought to have come here ten minutes ago.-I __________ ,but the train was late.
A.ought to鶥.ought to have鶦.ought鶧.have ought to
14. __________ he come,the problem would be settled.
A.Would鶥.Should鶦.Shall D.If
15.It is necessary that a college student__________at least a foreign language.
A.masters B.should master鶦.may master鶧.can master
16.Most of the mem bers demanded that the meeting __________ till Friday.
A.should put off鶥.not be put off鶦.wouldn't be put off鶧.can not put off
17.It's unfair that you __________ treat him like that.
A.can鶥.may鶦.need鶧.should
18.I __________ advise you not to do that again in the future.
A.dare B.would C.should鶧.need
19.When I went out,whom __________ I meet but our old friend?
A.should鶥.could C.might D.would
20.Tom __________ at the gate of the cinem a now.
A.should have waited鶥.should be waiting鶦.might wait D.would wait
21.”What you want, you ____ have it on condition that you get the best result,” said the boss.
A. would B. ought to鶦. shall鶧. could
22.---What’s wrong with your car? ---I don’t know. It just _____ start.
A. mustn’t鶥 couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
23.You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C.don’t need coming D. needn’t come
24.---May I pick a flower in the garden ? ---______.
A. No, you needn’t鶥.Not,please C. No,you mustn’t D. No,you won’t
25.---Helen, will you be at the party tonight ?
---Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _______.
A. won’t鶥 .can’t鶦. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
26.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B .shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
27.Jenny _____ with him at that time,for I was having dinner with her in my home.
A.can’t have been B.mustn’t have been C .must be鶧.may be
28.If you listen to me,you _____ have some candies,Deary.
A.shall鶥.may鶦.will鶧.must
29.Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.may鶥.can鶦.will鶧.must
30.He ____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give
31.There is plenty of time.She ______.
A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry鶧.needn’t have hurried
32.The plant is dead.I ______ it more鷚ater.
A.will give B.would have given鶦.must give D.should have given
33.---Dare you go home at night ?----_________.
A.Yes,I do鶥.No,I daren’t C.No,I don’t D.Yes,I dare so.
34.When you go abroad,do you _____ take your passport ?
A.have to鶥.ought to鶦.be able to D.need
35.---You must phone us every week. ----Yes,I _____.
A.must鶥.have to C.will鶧.should
36.---Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman.
----But in fact she is cold and hard on us.You _____ believe it.
A.should B.wouldn’t鶦.mustn’t D.might not.
37.A wise man __ sometimes make a mistake. A.can B.may鶦.might鶧.must
38.Don’t get the ink on your shirt,for it _________. A.won’t wash out
B.won’t be washed out鶦.doesn’t wash out鶧.can’t be washed out
39.---Is your father still an engineer ? ----_______.
A.Yes,he was鶥.He didn’t use to鶦.No,but he used to鶧.No,but he used to be
40.There are so many people in the street that I _____ get through.
A.can’t鶥.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
41.The classroom is empty.They must have gone to the sportsground,________?
A.don’t they鶥.didn’t they C.haven’t they鶧.hadn’t they
42.---You ought to have come earlier.---Yes,I ______.But the traffic was heavy.
A.ought to B.should鶦.must have鶧.should have
43.Last night he hurt his leg,but at last he ______ get home safely.
A.could鶥.can C.dare鶧.was able to
44.---Shall I tell John about it ? ----No,you ______.I’ve told him already.(1994)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
45.Tom ought not to_____ me your secret,but he meant no harm.(1993)
A.have told鶥.tell鶦.be telling D.having told
46.It’s already seven o’clock.Jack _____ be here at any moment.(1995)
A.must B.need鶦.should D.can
47.---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They _____ be ready by 12:00.(1998) A.can B.should C.might D.need
48.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
---Oh,did you ? You _____ with Barbara.(1998)
A.could have stayed鶥.could stay C.would stay鶧.must have stayed
49.Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
( spring) A.might B.should鶦.can D.will
50.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?----I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.(2000)鶤.must鶥.should鶦.would D.might
51.---Write to me when you get home.----________.(2001 Spring)
A.I must鶥.I should鶦.I will鶧.I can
52.---I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ?
---Yes,certainly. ( Spring)
A.Do鶥.May鶦.Shall D.Should
53.---Is John coming by train ?
--- He should,but he ______ not.He likes driving his car. (2002)
A.must鶥.can鶦.need D.may
情态动词讲与练答案
情态动词+have done: 1-5 ADAAA6-10 CDDCA
Key:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 DBBCD
11-15 A C B B B 16-20 B D C A B
21-25CCDCB26-30BAAAA31-35DDBAC36-40AAADA
41-45CDDAA46-50CBAAD 51-53CBD
篇7:情态动词用法讲与练
湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
I.情态动词+have done的用法
“情态动词+have done”是历年高考的热点,但有些同学对这一结构不甚了解。为了便于同学们学习,现将这种结构的两种主要用法借表归纳如下。
一、表示对过去情况的推测或估计
所用的句式 意义
must have done 肯定句 一定(已经)……
may /might have done 肯定句 可能/大概(已经)……否定句可能还没有……
can /could have done 否定句 不可能(已经)……疑问句 可能/也许(已经)……了吗?
说明:1眒ight /could有时并不是may / can的过去式,而是表示一种委婉的语气或更小的可能性。2眒ight have done有时可用于疑问句中,此时might就相当于can /could。
二、表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备
所用的句式 意义
should /ought to have done 肯定句,否定句, 疑问句 本来(不) 应该……的
might/could have done 肯定句 本来能够/可以……的
need have done 否定句 本不必要……的
had better have done 肯定句,否定句, 疑问句 要是(没有)干了……就好了
would rather have done 同上 本来想做……(却未做)
说明:1.might have done有时可表示对过去发生事情的庆幸,意为“差点儿……”。如:
Didn't you see that car nearly hit me?I might have been killed.
你难道没看见那辆小车差点儿撞上了我吗?我差点就没命了。
2币注意needn't have done与didn't need to do的差别。
He needn't have come.他本没有必要来。(实际却来了)
He didn't need to come.他没有必要来。(实际也没来)
同学们在做有关“情态动词+have done”练习时,在掌握这一结构的两种基本用法的同时,还要仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息,准确理解语言环境和说话人的含意,尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。
巩固练习:(练习题均为高考题)
1.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh,did you?You ____ with Barbara.
A.could have stayed B.could stay鶦.would stay D.must have stayed
2.I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She ____鷄t the meeting.
A.mustn't have spoken B.shouldn't have spoken
C.needn't have spoken D.couldn't have spoken
3.He ____鷜ou more help,even though he was busy.
A.might have given B.might give鶦.may have given鶧.may give
4.-I saw our teacher in the office just now.-You ____鷋er,she is still abroad.
A.can't have seen B.mustn't have seen鶦.needn't have seen D.shouldn't have seen
5.Kate is already two hours late.What ____ to her?
A.can have happened B.may have happened鶦.should have happened D.must have happened
6.We ____鷏ast night,but we went to the concert instead.
A.must have studied B.might study鶦.should have studied D.would study
7.There was plenty of time.She ____ .
A.mustn't have hurried鶥.couldn't have hurried鶦.mustn't hurry鶧.needn't have hurried8.Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she ____鷖omething she would regret later.
A.had said鶥.said C.might say鶧.might have said
9.-Did you scold him for his mistake?-Yes,but ____鷌t.
A.I'd rather not do B.I'd better not do
C.I'd better not have done D.I'd rather have not done
10.Sorry,I'm late.I ____鷋ave turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A.might鶥.should C.can鶧.will
II. 情态动词难点透视
英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多,但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。
1.can表示可能性时,指的是理论上的可能,它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如:
Accidents can happen.Anybody can make mistakes.
如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性,要用may,could或might等。
We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year.
Will you answer the telephone﹖ It could/may/might be your mother.
2.could用来征求意见时,语气要比can委婉,但在回答问题时我们不能用could,因为语气委婉,可能性就变小了。如:
-Could I use your telephone﹖-Yes, please go ahead.
3.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事,我们要用was/were able to而不能用could。如:
It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside.
The girl worked hard焥o she was able to pass the final test.
4.must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思,但要注意以下两点区别。
1) must只有现在时,而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如:
We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination.
Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money.
2) must表示主观看法,have to则侧重于客观需要。如:
We must be strict with ourselves in everything.
In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks.
5.must表示推测时,其反意问句有好几种形式。
1) “must+动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must+be+-ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时,疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如:
The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖
2) “must+have+过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语,疑问部分用助动词didn’t牱裨颍疑问部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如:
The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖
The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖
6.shall可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等,这时它用于第二、三人称。如:
Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意见)
You shall go to the front at once.(命令)
Don’t worry.You shall get the answer this very afternoon.
(允诺)鶫e shall be sorry one day.I tell you.(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution.(决心)
7.在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中,不能用will(这时的will不是情态动词,而是助动词,帮助构成将来时)。如:
If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.(误)
If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.(正)
当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时,是可以用于条件状语从句的。如:
If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English.
如果你愿意听我的话,我将给你提点学习英语的建议。
If you will come this way,the manager will meet you.
请您往这边走,经理现在要见你。
8.should除表示必要或义务外,还可表示推测或可能。如:
The American friends should be here now.
“should/ought to+have+过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事,也可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。如:
You should have told her about it the day before yesterday.
It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.
“情态动词+have+过去分词”是很重要的一种句型,除should外,may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于这一句型,但要注意熓褂貌煌的情态动词熅渥拥囊馑季陀兴不同。
9.ought to与should意思接近,大多数情况下二者可以互换,但是should谈的是自己的主观看法,ought to则更多反映客观情况,在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如:
We should/ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work.
She is your mother, so you ought to support her.
We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
10.need,用作情态动词,仅用于否定句和疑问句,而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。如:
We need report the matter to the boss immediately.(误)
We must report the matter to the boss immediately.(正)
We need to report the matter to the boss immediately.(正)
Dare的用法也一样。
dare 与need 的用法
1).dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句.
a. How dare you say I’m unfair ?
b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she ?
c. If he dare break the rule , he will be punished .
2).need表示”需要”或”必须”,作情态动词用时,仅用于否定句或疑问句. 条件从句中。“有…必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替.
a. You needn’t come so early.
b. --Need I finish the work today ?---Yes, you must./ No , you needn’t .
c. If you need go there , please let me know .
3).dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态,人称和数的变化。所不同的是,在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接带to的不定式; 在否定和疑问句中, dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式.
a .I dare to swim across the river b .He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
C .We need time and money.
d .The dining room needs / wants / requires cleaning every day .
= The dining room needs / wants / requires to be cleaned every day .
e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day ?
III.情态动词的测试热点
本阶段出现了不少“情态动词+have+过去分词”的句型。在此之前,同学们也学到了许多有关情态动词的用法。笔者在文中对历年来的高考试题进行了分析,指出了历年来高考试题对情态动词的测试热点,谈到了使用情态动词时应注意的相关知识,供同学们参考,以期提高同学们运用所学知识的能力。
热点一:情态动词表示推测的用法
情态动词must,can,could,may,might都可用来表示推测。其中,must所表示的可能性最大,最有把握,意为“一定”。注意,其否定式mustn’t表示“想必不”;表示“不可能”要用can’t或couldn’t。 may 和 might表示可能性时,主要用于肯定句中,might相对于may 来说,表示的可能性更小一些。 can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
需要注意的几点:
1.表示猜测,can一般不用于肯定句中,除非是“经验之谈”。我们在SEFC Book 2, Lesson 30中学过这样两个表示“经验之谈”的句子:鶦hildren can often get ill suddenly.(小孩常常可能突然生博#┅鶦ertain things in the home can be dangerous,especially if you have young children.(家里的某些东西可能有危险,尤其是有小孩的时候。)上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话,属“经验之谈”。
2.may和might都不用于疑问句中。如:(正)Can /Could it be cloudy tomorrow ?(误)May /Might it be cloudy tomorrow ?
3.must的否定式是can't /couldn't,不是 needn't或m ustn't。
4.would +V原形:想必现在/过去……;现在/过去可能……鶫e would be back today /yesterday.想必他今天/昨天回来了。(他今天/昨天可能回来了。)
5.should /ought to +V原形:想必现在/将来会……鶷he dinner should /ought to be ready now.想必晚饭现在已备好。鶫e should /ought to ring up this afternoon.想必他今天下午会打电话的。
6.will +V原形:将来一定/准会……
Try your best,and your wish will come true.尽力吧,你的理想准会实现的。
在近年来的高考试题中,测试may和might表示可能性的频率较高,是一个热点项目。
如:
Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.(NMET’93)牘
A. must鶥. may C. can鶧. will
简析:本题选B。本题的后半句暗示了选择答案的条件。
Michael ____ be a policeman for he’s much too short. (上海’94)牘
A. needn’t鶥. can’t鶦. should D. may
简析:本题选B。本题的后半句给出了理由。
-Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖
-I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.(NMET2000)牘
A. must鶥. would C. should鶧. might
简析:本题答语部分中的“I’m not sure”暗示了说话者的语气不肯定。因而,本题应选D。 Johnny, you __play with the knif,you ____ hurt yourself.(NMET’96)
A. won’t;can’t鶥. mustn’t;may鶦. shouldn’t;must D. can’t;shouldn’t
简析:本题应选B。第一空用mustn’t表示禁止,第二空用may表示可能。
情态动词表示猜测的答题方法及考例精析
解答情态动词表示猜测的试题时,一要清楚被猜测的时间,二要清楚有无客观事实根据。若有客观事实根据,则无论是肯定还是否定的猜测,猜测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案;情态动词表示猜测时语气从强到弱的顺序是:must,will,would,ought to,should,can,may,could,might。若无客观事实根据,纯凭主观臆断,则猜测语气最弱且符合时间要求的为最佳答案。如:
1.I thought you __________ like something to read,so I have brought you some books.(MET 1986)鶤.may B.might鶦.could D.must
由题意可知被猜测的时间是(过去)将来,没有客观事实根据,猜测语气要求最弱,所以正确选项是B。
2.Peter __________ come with us tonight,but he isn't sure yet.(MET 1993)
A.must鶥.may C.can D.will
由题意可知被猜测的时间是将来,没有客观事实根据,猜测语气要求最弱,所以正确选项是B。
3.It __________ last night,for the ground was wet this morning.
A.must have rained鶥.may have rained鶦.must rain鶧.might rain
由题意可知被猜测的时间是过去,有客观事实根据the ground was wet,猜测语气要求最强,所以正确选项是A。
4.Mary __________ be in Paris,for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago.(MET 1994)鶤.mustn't鶥.can't鶦.shouldn't鶧.may not
由题意可知被猜测的时间是现在,有客观事实根据I saw her in the town a few minutes ago,猜测语气要求最强,所以正确选项是B(can't是m ust的否定式)。
5.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
-It __________ a comfortable journey.(NMET 1995)
A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been
由题意可知被猜测的时间是过去,有客观事实根据there were already five people...take me as well,猜测语气要求最强,所以正确选项是D。
6.-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They __________ be ready by 12:00.(NMET 1998)
A.can B.should C.might D.need
由题意可知被猜测的时间是将来,有客观事实根据need them tomorrow afternoon,猜测语气要求最强,所以正确选项是B。
7.-Are you coming to Jeff's Party?
-I'm not sure.I __________ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)
A.must鶥.would C.might D.should
由题意可知被猜测的时间是将来,没有客观事实根据,猜测语气要求最弱,所以正确选项是C.
热点二:情态动词表示能力的用法
情态动词表示能力时,一般用can/could或be able to 。be able to用于表示能力并且可用于各种时态,而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。此外,当表示过去成功地做成了某事时,只能用was / were able to。如:
A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.(MET’91)牘
A. can’t B. couldn’t鶦. may not鶧. might not
简析:这里说明电脑不具备独立思考的能力 故本题选A。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out.(NMET’97)牘
A. had to B. would C. could鶧. was able to
简析:本题题意为“大火很快蔓延了整个旅馆,但全体人员都脱离了危险。”, 故本题选D。
热点三:表示“许可”、“允许”的情态动词
can/could may/might都可用来表示请求允许或许可。过去式could和might常用于疑问句中,表示礼貌。回答时,常用原形can或者may,不可再用过去式could或might。如:
-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖(MET’92)
-Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will鶦. can鶧. should
简析:本题的前一句用could提问,表示委婉的请求。回答时,应用原形can。故本题选C。
热点四:shall/should的用法
shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见,常译为“要某人做某事吗﹖”。shall也可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的意愿,有命令、警告、决心、强制、许诺或威胁之意。研读历届高考题不难发现,should的考点主要体现在以下几个方面: 1)表示责任和义务,意为“应该”;2)表示可能性推测,意为“很可能、该”;3)用于虚拟语气中。
4).should(not)have done结构的用法。现结合历届高考题对其用法作一归纳。
一、“should(ought to)have done”结构意为“本来应该……”,表示过去应该做或值得做的事情而没有做到,含有后悔、埋怨、责备等意味。该结构的否定式“shouldn't(ought not to)have done”则表示过去做了不应该做的事,意为“本来不应该……却……”。例如:
1.Jerry __________ have kept her word,I wonder why she changed her mind.(MET91)鶤.must B.should鶦.need鶧.would
2.We __________ last night,but we went to the concert instead.(MET92)
A.must have studied鶥.might study鶦.should have studied鶧.would study
3.I told Sally how to get there,but perpaps I __________ for her.(NMET94)
A.had to write it out鶥.must have written it out
C.should have written it out鶧.ought to write it out
4.Tom ought not to __________ me your secret,but he meant no harm.(MET93)
A.have told B.tell鶦.be telling鶧.having told
5.There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party.You ______ come,but why didn't you?(99上海)鶤.must鶥.should鶦.need have D.ought to have
6.I was really anxious about you.You __________ home without a word.(NMET2001)
A.mustn't leave鶥.shouldn't have left鶦.couldn't have left鶧.needn't have left
7.Oh,I'm not feeling well in the stomach.I _______so much fried chicken just now.(2002上海春季高考)
A.shouldn't eat鶥.mustn't have eaten鶦.shouldn't have eaten鶧.mustn't eat
二、“should have done”结构还可以表示动作已经完成,但含有感情色彩,表示惊讶、惊奇等意味。意为“竟,竟然,居然”。例如:鶬'm sorry that this should have happened.很遗憾,竟然发生了这种事情。
It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.这几年你竟然取得如此大的成就,真是了不起!
三、should也可以用来表示“推测”,意为“可能;该”。相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述,语气上不如must强。若对现在正在进行的事情的推测,则用should be doing结构。例如:
8.-Will Mr Wang offer us a hand?
-He__________ be glad to.He never refused our request.(92上海)
A.can鶥.must C.may D.should
9.-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They __________ be ready by 12:00.(NMET98)
A.can鶥.should鶦.might鶧.need
10.It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack __________ be here at any moment.(NMET95)
鶤.must鶥.need鶦.should D.can
I don't think he should be sleeping now,is he?我认为他现在不可能正在睡觉,是吗?
四、“should like/love to do sth.”结构意为“愿意/想做某事”。“should like/love to have done”结构则意为“本来想干某事,而当时却没干”。例如:
11.Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening.(MET92)
A.to be taken B.to take鶦.being taken D.taking
12.I should love __________ to Professor Smith,but I didn't get any more chance.(96上海)
A.to be introduced鶥.to have been introduced鶦.to have introduced鶧.introducing
He should like to have attended the evening party,but he was too busy.
他本想参加这次晚会,可是当时他太忙了。
篇8:高考英语情态动词语法知识点与用法
高考英语情态动词语法知识点
情态动词
一、can和could
1、can的用法
(1)表示体力和脑力方面的能力。
(2)表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。
(3)表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。
(4)表示允许,意思与may接近。
(5)表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
(6)can的特殊句型
cannot…too / enough表示“无论怎么。。。也不过分”。“越。。。越好”。
cannot but+ do sth.表示“不得不,只好”。
2、could的用法
(1)表示能力,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示允许,指的是过去时间。
(3)表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。
(4)委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。
3、can与could的区别
can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。couldn’t的可能性比can’t小。
4、can与be able to的区别
(1)现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。
(2)完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have(has,had)been able to。
(3)将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。
(4)过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。
二、may 和might
1、may的用法
(1)表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。
(2)表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。
注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。
2、might的用法
(1)表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。
3、may与might的特殊用法
(1)“may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。
(2)“may/ might well+动词原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。
(3)“may/ might as well+动词原形”表示最好,满可以,倒不如。
(4)may be 是“情态动词+系动词be”结构,表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式为may not be。
maybe是一个词,为副词,意为“大概,或许,可能”,在句中作状语。
三、must的用法
1、表示“必须”,多强调说话人的主观看法。
2、must和have to 的区别:
(1)must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须,应当”做某事;have to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。即must侧重说明主观看法,have to强调客观需要。
(2)must只有一种形式,可用于现在、过去或将来时,但have to有不同的形式,可用于不同的时态。
(3)在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。
3、must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许,禁止”,表示绝对禁止。若表示“没必要,不必”,应使用needn’t或don’t have to。
注意:对must作否定回答时,不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to。
4、must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。
5、must用来表示推测,意为i“准是,肯定是”,一般用于肯定句,肯定程度比may,might大的多。
四、need的用法
1、need用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
2、回答need时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
3、need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。
4、need to do和need doing
need to do中不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语;need doing是主动形式表示被动含义,即need前的主语就是need后面的动词所表示的动作的承受者。
注意:want和require作“需要”讲时,和need的用法相同。
5、needn’t have done与didn’t need to do
needn’t have done表示过去本不必做但实际上却做了某事
didn’t need to do表示过去不必做而实际上也没做某事
五、dare的用法
1、dare用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句和条件句中;它没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。
2、dare用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。
注意:(1)I dare say意为“我认为,我相信,很可能”。
(2)dare用作实义动词时,表示“敢冒(危险),不俱”。
(3)dare可用于激将或挑战。例:He dared me to jump down.
六、will和would
1、will的用法
(1)可以表示主观意志、意愿,可用于各种人称。
(2)可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。
(3)表示命令(说话这确信命令一定会得到执行)或允诺。
(4)will可用于祈使句的附加疑问句。
(5)用于疑问句,表“邀请,请求”,常与第二人称you连用。
2、would的用法
(1)作为will的过去时态,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志,意为“愿意,执意”。
(2)用与第二人称,表示谦恭的请求或征求意见,比will更为客气。
(3)表示过去的习惯,后接动词原形,意为“总是,总会”。
(4)would表意愿用于词组中。
Would like “喜欢,想要”(=would love)
Would rather “宁愿”。
七、shall和should
1、shall的用法
(1)shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(3)用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、预言等,可译为“必须”。
2、should的用法
(1)表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。
(2)表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。
(3)多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。
(4)ought to和should的比较
A、ought to也可以表示推论、可能性,和should用法一样。
B、在省略回答中,ought to中的to可以省略。
C、should和ought to表示做正确的事情或理应做的事情。
be supposed to 意为“被期望,应该”,表示被期望发生或根据安排、要求做某事,或认为做某事是正常的。
八、had better 意为“最好”,’d better 为其缩写形式,其后续跟动词原形。
注意:had better 的否定形式had better not。
九、used to “过去常常”,仅用于过去时态中,通常用于所有人称。
1、used to +动词原形,表示过去(有规律的)习惯或过去某一时期的的状况,但现在已不存在。
2、其反意疑问句简略回答中,也有两种形式:didn’t ,use(d)n’t
3、used to 和would的区别
(1)used to 可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作。
(2)used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有“过去如此,现在已不再这样了”之意。Would仅表示过去习惯性动作,没有预先在对比的含义。
(3)used to不能跟表确定时间短的时间状语连用。
(4)used to 可用于无人称句和存在句,而would则不可。
4、used to与be used to do和be used to doing
(1)used to表示“过去常常”隐含现在不这样了,其中to是不定式符号,后跟动词原形,仅用于过去时态。
(2)be/get/become used to 表示“习惯于”时,意为“变得习惯于“或“开始习惯于”。
(3)be used to do表示“被用来”。
十、情态动词后的某些动词形式
1、情态动词+have done
(1)“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
(2)“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
(3)“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”
(4)“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
(5)“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
(6)“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,多用于虚拟语气结构中;还可以表示“本来可能……”。
(7)“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。
(8)“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't + have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
(9)“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
(10)“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
2、情态动词+be doing:表示对现在正在做的事情的推测。
十一、含有某些情态动词的反意疑问句
1、must
当must表示命令时,反意疑问句用needn’t。
当must表示推测时,反意疑问句与实际情况保持一致,即与把must删掉后的陈述句的反意疑问句保持一致。
2、can’t
当can’t表示没能力做某事时,反意疑问句用can sb.?
当can’t用于表推测时,反意疑问句由实际情况决定,即由去掉can’t后的真实陈述句决定。
情态动词的用法
.1. dare、need、must
dare是很“争强好胜”的情态动词,举个例子:
Don’t you dare!
你敢吗?
或 How dare you tell her about that?
你怎么敢告诉她那件事!
是不是感受到腾腾的杀气扑面而来!
need也是一个比较极端的词,含有命令的口吻,用的时候要小心了。比如You need this.(你需要这个)这句话可能会让你的朋友感觉不舒服,同样的意思,换成Would you like this?(你想要这个吗?)是不是好多了!
must通常也是命令的口吻,它的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,如果不是非常严肃需要强调的时候尽量避免使用,可以尝试用will/would替换,举个例子:
You must come with us.
你必须和我们一起去。
即使非常渴望小伙伴一起去,也要诚心诚意的邀请:
We’d love to have your company.
我们需要你的陪伴。
2. should、will、ought
从上图我们可以看出should、will、ought属于第二梯队,说话者语气介于中间,为了让我们听起来更有礼貌,宝贝们在使用时可以使用其他句子进行中和,举几个例子:
You should eat more vegetables.
你应该多吃蔬菜。
为了让我们听起来更有礼貌,可以先说说蔬菜的好处
Vegetables are nutritious, and some of them even taste good.
蔬菜很有营养,而且有些蔬菜味道也不错。
You will like this.
你会喜欢这个的。
可以换成:
I hope you like this.
希望你喜欢。
Polly ought to try a new hair style.
Polly 应该尝试一种新发型。
可以换成:
I wonder if Polly likes any of the new hair styles.
我想知道Polly是否喜欢别的发型。
3. can、may、shall
can(能)、may(可以)、shall(应该)这三个词听起来就像说话者在给予权限,但是比命令的语气好一点,也更有礼貌一点。
You can come with us.
你可以跟来。
为了避免把“讨论”变成“攻击”,宝贝们一定要学会善用情态动词哦!通过使用温和的词语,来避免带有“命令”、“强硬”的语气。真实和友善远远比命令有用的多哦!
篇9:备战高考情态动词用法练与析
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. - Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party.
- He ______. He is a man of keeping his word.
A. could have left B. must have left
C. can’t come D. won’t be coming
2. - May I park my car here?
- No, you ______. No car is allowed to park here.
A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t
3. - Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?
- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You ______ miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. - I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.
- You ______. He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5. - How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher?
- Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he ______ know ______ to expect us.
A. shall; why B. could; when C. would; what D. will; how
6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ______ be just noise to others.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
7. Someone ______ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.
A. must be using B. must have used
C. must use D. must have been using
8. - How dangerous it was!
- Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ______.
A. was drowned B. could have been drowned
C. had drowned D. should be drowned
9. You ______ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you ______ hurt him.
A. should; can B. may; will
C. mustn’t; may D. can’t; must
10. - Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat?
- She ______ have been there, or ...
A. must B. oughtn’t to C. may D. can’t
11. - You may laugh, but I’ve been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.
- Oh, you ______ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.
A. must B. may C. will D. need
12. - What’s the matter with you?
- Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried fish just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
13. - ______ he have been chosen as captain of the football team?
- Yes, he ______.
A. Can; must have B. Must; must have
C. Can; must D. Must; must
14. Mr. Zhang ______ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.
A. can have arrived B. will have arrived
C. may have arrived D. must have arrived
15. Miss Wang started at 8 o’clock, and she ______ be there now.
A. should B. can C. can’t D. need
16. - It must be Mr. Li who did it.
- No, it ______ be Mr. Li.
A. mustn’t B. wouldn’t C. can’t D. may
17. You ______ finish reading the book as soon as possible.
A. may B. can C. need D. should
18. - Need you go to work now?
- Yes, I ______.
A. must B. need C. can D. dare
19. Your trousers are dirty. ______ them for you?
A. Shall I wash B. Will I wash
C. Am I going to wash D. Am I washing
20. You are late for school today. You ______ to school earlier.
A. ought to come B. should have come
C. ought have come D. should come
21. We must learn from Lei Feng, ______ we?
A. may B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t
22. She must be hungry, ______ she?
A. isn’t B. needn’t C. doesn’t D won’t
23. He ought to come here early, ______ he?
A. would B. should C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
24. You used to smoke, ______ you?
A. used to B. don’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
25. You ought ______ for what you haven’t done.
A. not to be punished B. not be punished
C. to not punished D. to not be punished
26. ______ you please tell me the way to the post office?
A. Must B. Need C. Would D. Should
27. I’m sure he ______ have the computer sooner or later.
A. shall B. can C. must D. would
28. It is important that we ______ learn how to drive.
A. have to B. should C. need D. shall
答案及解析:
1. B。从He is a man of keeping his word中可以看出,李林肯定已经出发来参加聚会了,这是对已经发生的事情非常肯定的推测,故用must have done。注意must表推测时,不能用于否定句和疑问句中。
2. C。此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中,以某些情态动词提问的句子,出于礼貌委婉或句意的需要,回答时,要换用另一个情态动词。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to;在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t;在回答need开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。
3. B。根据题意,此处需要表示“推测”的否定结构,故can’t为正确答案。
4. A。这是一个省略句,couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测,意为“不可能……”。
5. B。这是一个综合题。本题so that后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词( may / might / can / could ) + 动词原形”。When to expect us表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作know的宾语。
6. B。由sometimes可知,此处应用表示可能性不大的情态动词,即may。
7. B。由后句可知,这是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测,故B项正确。
8. B。but for的意思是“要不是”,语法功能上等同于if 引导的否定虚拟条件句,因前句中How dangerous it was可知应与过去事实相反。
9. C。mustn’t表示“不准许”,may表示可能性,所以C正确。
10. C。句意:她或许到过那里,或者……。or ... 是重要的信息,说明还有其他的可能性。A的说法太绝对,与or ... 提供的信息冲突。
11. A。must表示的把握最大,may表示有可能,need不表示推测,will表示将来。根据句意可知A正确,表明对对方的不理解和责备,语气比较坚决。
12. C。shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做……,但实际上却做了”。
13. A。疑问句中可以用can, 肯定句用must。
14. B。will + have done,表示对将来必然进程的猜测。
15. A。should 表示主观性猜测,译为“应该”。
16. C。can’t 表示否定的猜测,侧重于主观判断,译为“决不会;不可能”。
17. D。should表示劝告某人应该做某事。
18. A。need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答应用must。
19. A。Shall I ... ?是征求对方意见时常用的句型。
20. B。should have done表示“过去某件事应该做而实际上没有做”,此处含有责备之意,也可用ought to have come。
21. D。反意疑问句中,当must作“必须”解时,可以用needn’t / mustn’t构成附加疑问句。
22. A。反意疑问句中,陈述部分的must表示对现在情况推测时,附加疑问句中通常依据must后面的动词形式确定助动词。
23. D。反意疑问句中,陈述部分的谓语有ought to 时,附加疑问句中应用shouldn’t 或oughtn’t。
24. C。反意疑问句中,陈述部分的谓语有used to 时,附加疑问句中应用didn’t 或usedn’t。
25. A。ought to 的否定式是ought not to。
26. C。Would you please ... ?是向对方提出请求或询问时常用的婉转而有礼貌的句型。
27. A。主语是第三人称时,shall表示说话人给对方的“允诺;命令;指示;意愿”。
28. B。在It is important / impossible / necessary that ... 句型中,that从句的谓语用“( should + ) 动词原形”。
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