动词-ing动名词的用法
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篇1：动词-ing动名词的用法
动词-ing动名词用法
非谓语动词ing用法
一、结构：
动词+ing构成。
二、动词-ing包括现在分词和动名词
1. 现在分词通常用作V. 或adj.
She is watching TV. 她正在看电视。(用作V.)
He was playing basketball. 他正在打篮球。(用作V.)
The news is very exciting. 这消息很振奋人心。(用作adj.)
The story is interesting. 这故事有趣。 (用作adj)
2.动名词常作n.
Fishing is a sport. 钓鱼是一种运动。
Her hobby is playing chess. 她的爱好是玩象棋。
She enjoys swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
现在重点讲动名词用法
动名词
句法功能
若不清楚什么是主语宾语谓语表语等，请查看本公众号下方菜单“语法视频”中有详细解析。
1.作主语
表示一件事，谓语动词用单数。
Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟有害健康。
Listening to music is one way to relax. 听音乐是放松的一种方式。
Cooking is one of my hobbies. 烹饪是我的爱好之一。
常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动名词放在后面。
It was a waste of time reading that book.看那本书就是浪费时间。
2.做宾语
1)动词+v-ing：
She doesn’t like singing. 她不喜欢唱歌。
I suggest going for a walk. 我建议去走走。
She loved playing guitar. 她喜欢弹吉他。
.常接动名词作宾语的动词有：advise, avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, inagine, keep, mind, practice, sugger等。
2)介词+ v-ing
She went out without telling me. 她没告诉我就出去了。
He dreamed of becoming a pop star. 他梦想成为一个流行歌手。
3.作表语
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Knowledge is learning something every day. 知识是每天所得。
练习
( )1. ________students English in a middle school_______my uncle’s job.
A.Teachers;is
B.Teaching;is
C.To teach;are
D.Teaching;are
( )2.--Bob speaks Chinese quite well.--Yes,so he does.He practises _______Chinese every day.
A.speaking
B.speak
C.speaks
D.spoke
( )3.--What are you busy ________these days?--Nothing much.
A.do
B.doing
C.to do
D.done
( )4.--Would you mind _______me with my English this afternoon?--Not at all.
A.help
B.helped
C.helping
D.to help
( )5.My grandfather enjoys _______the radio in the morning.
A.listening
B.listening to
C.listen to
D.to listen
BABCB
英语语法|动词加ing的六种用法
1、动词以y结尾时直接加ing
play-playing 玩
stay-staying 逗留
study-studying 学习
carry-carrying 运送
2、一般在词尾加ing
help-helping 帮助
look-looking 看
plant-planting 种植
work-working 工作
3、以ie结尾的动词，先将ie变为y，再加ing
die-dying 死
lie-lying 躺;撒谎
tie-tying 绑
4、以不发音的e结尾的词，先去e，再加ing
live-living 居住
hope-hoping 希望
change-changing 变化
5、少数双音节动词，尽管重音不在后面，可以双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加ing
travel-traveling (美语)旅行
travel-travelling(英语)旅行
6、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加ing
drop-dropping 掉落
begin-beginning 开始
run-running 跑
prefer-preferring 更喜欢
【每日单词】关于Go …… -ing的用法
Go …… -ing
We often use the structure go … -ing, especially to talk aboutsports and free-time activities. (go+ing用法，特别是关于运动和休闲活动这些, 所以别忘记了+ing哦!)
ex:
Let’s go climbingnext weekend.
Did you go dancinglast Saturday?
Common expressions:
Go climbing
Go dancing
Go fishing
Go hunting
Go riding
Go shooting
Go shopping
Go skiing
Go swimming
Go walking
语法 | -ed形容词与-ing形容词的用法区别
-ed形容词与-ing形容词的用法区别
1. 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如 ashamed，delighted，excited，frightened，interested，moved，pleased，surprised，worried 等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态)，appearance(外貌)，cry(哭声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如 delighting，exciting，frightening，interesting，moving，surprising，worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting.
这个故事很有趣。
He man is very interesting.
这个人很有趣。
“动词ing” 的四大用法，3分钟搞定
首先，请牢记，将现在分词当作形容词来用。
1作表语
现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征。
比如：
Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.
任何人学起肢体语言都会入迷。
2作补足语
现在分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, have, get等动词后作补足语。
比如：
She could feel her heart beating with fear.
她能感觉到她的心脏因害怕而跳动。
3作定语
单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词前面，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后面。
比如：
I travel to an unusual place and meet interesting people from all over the world.
我到不寻常的地方去旅游，见到世界各地有趣的人。
After years of hard work, the writer finally had his book finished dealing with farming methods.
经过多年努力，这位作者写的那本关于耕种方法的书终于完成了。
4作状语
现在分词作状语多表示时间、原因、结果、伴随。
比如：
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I don’t take much notice.
我在夏威夷已经经历过好几次地震，因此对此就没太在意。
- 今日练习-
The sunlight is white and blinding, ______ hard-edged shadows on the ground.
A.throwing B.being thrown C.to throw D.to be thrown
篇2：人教版高二复习（一）--动词ing形式（动名词）的形式及用法
1. doing的形式：doing; being done
2. doing做主语，表语和宾语。
3. doing与to do在动词后面做宾语的区别
知识总结归纳：
（一）动词ing形式起名词作用，在语法中也称做动名词．在句中做主语，宾语，表语和定语。它的基本形式有doing; being done。
例句：
1. Parking is difficult in the shopping center of the city.
2. My favorite job is teaching English.
3. His main hobby is collecting stamps.
4. Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.
5. I suggest you should practise speaking English whenever you can.
6. Hearing what I said, he couldn’t help laughing.
7. Did you see that car being repaired ?
注：to do形式也可以做主语或表语。一般情况下，这两种形式做主语或表语，差别不是很大。但是如果刻意强调某个具体的动作，就用to do 形式， 而要表示一般性或泛指的动作则用doing形式。
例如：
1. It is difficult to park in the shopping center at the weekend.
2. My duty is to take care of the baby while she is out.
（二）在一些动词后面只能接动名词做宾语。后面跟doing做宾语的常见动词有：admit; advise; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; deny; mention; mind; miss; prevent; delay; enjoy; escape; imagine; postpone; practise; risk; suggest;常见的动名词短语，如：be worth doing; can’t help doing; look forward to doing; go on doing; insist on doing; prefer doing to doing; be busy doing; keep on doing; devote…to doing; spend…in doing; have difficulty in doing; have a good time doing; prevent…from doing
1. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
2. He has devoted himself to protecting the wildlife.
3. He is trying to avoid answering my question.
4. The accused man denied ever having met her.
5. He insisted on sending for doctor at once.
6. The film is well worth seeing.
7. You can’t imagine the difficulty we had making a little money.
（三）doing形式的逻辑主语：当强调doing所表达的动作的执行者（逻辑主语）时，需要在doing前面加上物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词所有格或不定代词
例句：
1. I’m surprised at your/you doing it.
2. She insisted on their both accepting the invitation.
3. Do you mind my opening the window ?
4. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.
5. The children are looking forward to spring coming.
6. He disapproved of that being said about Jane.
7. Mr. Carson complained about Tom and Mary coming to class late.
（四）doing与to do在动词后面做宾语的区别:
remember/forget to do：记住/忘记了去做某事
Don’t forget to do sth.=remember to do sth.
regret to do: 遗憾地去做/说 regret doing: 后悔做了某事
mean to do= want to do mean doing 意味着做
stop to do: 停下来去做 stop doing 停止/不去做
try to do: 试图/努力/企图去做 try doing: 尝试用一种方法做
go on to do 接着去做另一件事 go on doing: 继续把事情做下去
例句：
1. Don’t forget to mail this letter tomorrow morning.
2. I don’t remember having said anything of the sort.
3. I regret to say that you have failed in the exam.
4. He tried to walk without a crutch.
5. He went on to tell us about the accident.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____ into buy something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
分析：题意为：进店购物，人们有时不得不被购买不想买的东西。can’t help doing 不得不，禁不住做某事。主语people与persuade为被动关系，所以应用being done。
答案：C
2. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
分析：根据句意：错过一班车意味着要再等上一个小时。意味着作某事：mean doing。
答案：A
3. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us作为动名词短语做of的宾语。
答案：B
4. -What should I do with this passage ?
-___ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
分析：问句中should用与征求建议，答语中应当是祈使句语气提出要求。
答案：C
5. I can’t understand ___ her like that.
A. you treat B, you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
分析：understand后面接动名词做宾语.you为动名词treating的逻辑主语。
答案：D
6. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk __ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
分析：risk后面跟动名词做宾语。
答案：B
二. 短文改错：
1. Shake her head, she said, “ It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.”
分析：根据句意，shake her head 为后一句的伴随状语，
答案：Shake 应改为Shaking
2. It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find.
分析：without是介词，后面应接doing形式。
答案：have 应改为having
3. Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.
分析：根据句意，本句是祈使句，
答案：Having应改为Have
4. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper……
分析：enjoy后面跟doing形式
答案：talk 应改为talking
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. Don’t you think the question _____ at the moment is of great importance.
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. to discuss
2. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.
A. cooked B. to be cooked
C. is being cooked D. being cooked
3 . When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ___ at the party, but not ____.
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
4. I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this island.
A. to have had time B. having time
C. to have time D. to having time
5. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ _ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
6. The man insist ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find
C. on finding D. in finding
7. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __ trouble.
A. making B. to make
C. to have made D. having made
8. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ____ from you now and then ___ me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell
C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell
二. 完型填空：
More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendship, what they expected 1 friends, what they were willing to give in 2 , and how satisfied they were 3 the quality of their friendships. The 4 give little comfort to social critics . Friendship 5 to be a different form of 6 relationships. Unlike marriage or the ties that 7 parents and children, it is not explained or regulated by 8 . Unlike other social roles that we are expected to 9 –as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and 10 organizations –it has its own rule, which is to develop 11 of warmth, trust and love 12 two people. The 13 on friendships appeared in Psychology Today in March. The findings 14 that topics of trust and betrayal are 15 to friendship. They also suggest that our readers do not 16 for friends only among those who are 17 like them, but find many 18 differ in race, religion, and background. Arguably the most important 19 that appears in the article, 20 , is not something that we found--but what we did not.
1. A. on B. of C. to D. for
2. A. addition B. pay C. turn D. return
3. A. about B. of C. with D. by
4. A. results B. effects C. expectations D. ends
5. A. feels B. leads C. sounds D. appears
6. A. human B. mankind C. their D. civil
7. A. join B. relate C. control D. attract
8. A. force B. law C. rule D. order
9. A. keep B. do C. show D. play
10. A. all B. any C. other D. those
11. A. friendship B. interests C. feelings D. relations
12. A. between B. on C. in D. for
13. A. book B. article C. description D. wish
14. A. warn B. believe C. prove D. solve
15. A. true B. main C. false D. central
16. A. ask B. call C. care D. look
17. A. most B. more C. least D. less
18. A. people B. who C. what D. friends
19. A. conclusion B. summary C. decision D. demand
20. A. moreover B. however C. still D. yet
三. 阅读理解：
We are all familiar with domestic trade. When I buy Florida oranges or California shirts, I naturally want to pay in dollars. Luckily. the orange grower and the shirt manufacturer are willing to accept U.S. dollars for their expenses. Trade can be carried on in dollars. Economic transactions within a country are relatively simple.
If I want to buy a British bicycle, however, matters become more complicated. I must ultimately pay in British money, or “British pounds,” rather than in dollars. Similarly, if the British want to buy U.S. merchandise, they must obtain U. S. dollars. And the requirement to obtain foreign currencies bolds for other countries as well.
We see, then, that international trade introduces a new element: the foreign exchange rate, which denotes the price of a foreign country's currency in terms of our own.
Here are some examples: The U. S. dollar price of a British pound was recently $ I. 80; for a British resident wanting to buy U. S. goods, the price of a dollar was 1/$1.80= 0.56. There is also a foreign exchange rate between U. S. dollars and the currency of each and every country, In mid-1988, the foreign exchange rate was 60 cents for a German mark, 18 cents for a French franc, 80 cents for a Canadian dollar, and 0. 8 cent for a Japanese yen. For foreigners desiring to buy dollars, the reciprocal prices were 1. 67 German marks. 5. 56 French francs, 1.25 Canadian dollars, or 125 Japanese yen for each U.S. dollar.
Given the foreign exchange rate, it is now possible for me to buy my English bicycle. Suppose its quoted price is , 100（i.e. , 100 British pounds）. All I have to do is look in the newspaper for the foreign exchange rate for pounds. If this is $1.80 per pound, I simply go to a bank with $180 and ask that the money be used to pay the English bicycle exporter. Pay with what? The bank pays with pounds, of course, the kind of money the exporter needs.
You should be able to show what British importers of American grain have to do if they want to buy, say a $ 36,000 shipment from an American exporter. Here pounds must be converted into dollars. You will see that, when the foreign exchange rate is $1.80 per pound, the grain shipment costs them 20,000.
Businesses and tourists do not have to know anything more than this for their import or export transactions. But the true economics of foreign exchange rates cannot be grasped until we find out why the foreign exchange rate is at a given level.
1. It can be inferred that the writer is .
A. British. B. American. C. Chinese. D. French.
2. What is meant by the third paragraph?
A. The foreign exchange rate is an element coming with international trade dealing with foreign countries’ currency.
B. International trade introduces the clement of the foreign exchange rate indicating a foreign currency at our own price
C. The foreign exchange rate is a new element in international trade indicating the price of a country's currency in terms of the price of another country's currency.
D. The foreign exchange rate is an element introduced to denote the price of a foreign currency in terms of the price of another foreign currency.
3. In mid-1988, how much dollars did one have to have in order to exchange for 10,000,000 Japanese yen?
A. 8,000,000 B. 80,000 C. 800,000 D. 80,000,000
4. What do British importers have to do if they want to buy $ 36,000 worth of grain from an American exporter?
A. They have to pay British pounds directly.
B. They have to pay French francs.
C. They have to convert 36,000 U.S. dollars into 20,000 British pounds.
D. They have to convert 20,000 British pounds into 36,000 U.S. dollars.
5. The last paragraph implies that businesses and tourists
A. do not have to know the true economies of foreign exchange rates.
B. do not have to know more the true economics of foreign exchange rates.
C. have to know nothing more than economics of foreign exchange rates.
D. do not have to grasp the true economics of foreign exchange rates at a given level.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A the question _____ at the moment指此刻正在被讨论的问题。being done做定语指：正在被……的事。
2. D 正在被做的食物。being done做定语指：正在被……的事。
3. D 当受到警察的询问时，他说他记得到过那个晚会，但是没有离开过。remember doing：记得做过某事。remember to do：记得没有做…
4. B appreciate doing sth. 做某事不胜感激。
5. B devote….to doing：致力于做某事。Mr. Reed决定倾其所有为贫困儿童建立学校。
6. C insist on doing sth.：坚持做某事。
7. B 我想他想要惹麻烦。mean to do sth：想要做某事；mean doing：意味着做某事
8. C 我将非常高兴收到你的来信并且告诉我你的情况。appreciate doing sth.：感激做某事
二. 完型填空：
1. B of相当于“from”。
2. D in return：“作为回报”。
3. C “be satisfied with”表示“对……满意”。
4. A “result”意为“结果”。
5. D appear意为“好像”。
6. A human是一个形容词表“人类的”。
7. A “join”表示 联系连接。
8. B 从上下文可知是通过法律来制约。
9. D “plays role”表“扮演角色，起……作用”。
10. C “other”表“其它的”。
11. C “feelings”意为“感情”。
12. A 两者之间用“between”。
13. B “article”表“文章”。
14. C “prove”意为“证明”。
15. D “central”意为“中心的、主要的”
16. D “look for”意为“寻找”。
17. B “more like”意为“更像……”。
18. B “who”引导一个定语从句。
19. D “demand”意为“要求”。
20. B 从上下文可知，是一种转折关系。
三. 阅读理解：
1. B 在第一段中作者说，当他购买佛里达的橘子或加利福尼亚的衬衫，他当然想用美金支付。这说明作者是个美国人。
2. C 第三段的意思是：国际贸易引入丁“外汇兑换率”这一概念，它指的是用一个国家自己的货币价格表示一种外国货币的价格，只有C表达了这层意思。
3. B 第四段告诉我们，在1988年，美金与日元的兑换率是0.08：l。所以，一千万日元可兑换八万美金。
4. D 第六段告诉我们，如果英国进口商要从美国进口一批价值36，000美金的粮食，需要20,000英镑。第二句句子说，英镑必须兑换成美金。因此，只有D是正确答案。
5. A 最后一段第一个句子中的this指以上几段关于外汇兑换的内容。第二个句子的意思是：然而，不了解外汇：兑换的定位标准，是无法掌握外汇兑换率经济学的真谛的。与上一句连起来理解，就是说，生意人和旅游者只要懂得上面提到的关于外汇兑换的知识就足够了，不用去懂得外汇兑换率经济学。
篇3：动词如何接＂ing＂的用法
ing 的用法有很多种，很多伙伴都会混淆，下面我们一起来看看初中关于动词如何接”ing"的用法是怎么样的？，希望可以帮到大家
1、一般在词尾加ing
help-helping 帮助
look-looking 看
plant-planting 种植
work-working 工作
2、以不发音的e结尾的词，先去e，再加ing
live-living 居住
hope-hoping 希望
change-changing 变化
3、动词以y结尾时直接加ing
play-playing 玩
stay-staying 逗留
study-studying 学习
carry-carrying 运送
4、以ie结尾的动词，先将ie变为y，再加ing
die-dying 死
lie-lying 躺;撒谎
tie-tying 绑
5、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加ing
drop-dropping 掉落
begin-beginning 开始
run-running 跑
prefer-preferring 更喜欢
6、少数双音节动词，尽管重音不在后面，可以双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加ing
travel-traveling (美语)旅行
travel-travelling(英语)旅行
篇4：动词-ed和动词-ing用法怎么用
having been+
v-ed
(having been
done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。
c) 分词作状语的句法功能
分词在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、伴随等。分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。如：
Hearing the news，we got excited. (=When we heard the news，we got excited.)
Given more time，I can do it better.(=If I am given more time，I can do it better.)
Having been told many times，he still made the same mistake.
(=After he had been told many times，he still made the same mistake. )
Not having understood the problem， Betty went to the teacher for help.
(=Because Betty had not understood the problem，she went to
the teacher for help.)
They went home earlier than usual today，leaving the work unfinished.
The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.
(=The teacher came into the lab and was followed by the students.)
(3) 作表语
通常情况下现在分词作表语说明主语的性质特征;过去分词作表语说明主语的状态
兼有被动之意。如：
The situation here is encouraging and we are encouraged.
Our classroom is very crowded.
After dinner，the boy remained standing beside the table.
(4) 作宾语补足语
分词作宾语补足语，主要跟在一些感官动词和使役动词的后面。如：
You’d better have your hair cut if you are free tomorrow.
The lady found her valuable necklace missing after the party.
Don’t keep the boy standing outside.
4、关于动词-ed和动词-ing用法的几点说明
(1)动词-ed和动词-ing的否定形式由not加分词构成。否定词not永远在动词-ed或动词-ing的前面。如：
Not having done it well，I tried again.
Not caring about his health，the old engineer carried on his plan.
His not having finished the work on time，he was punished by the boss.
(2)通常分词作状语时 ，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：
Having finished her work，David’s mother went home.
(= After David’s mother finished her work，she went home.)
*当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词必须有自己的主语。如：
His glasses broken，he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
There being no bus.we had to walk home after school.
(3)表示时间关系、条件关系等分词短语有时可以由连词when/while或if/unless等引导。如：When first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success.
I won’t go to the party unless invited.
(4)有时可用“with(without)+名词(或代词)+分词”的结构表示伴随状况。如：
The thief was brought in，with his hand tied behind.
篇5：动词-ed和动词-ing用法怎么用
动词-ed和动词-ing用法怎么用
1、定义
动词-ed和动词-ing形式常称作分词。他们既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征，在英语中可以作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
2、构成
(1)规则的动词后+ed构成动词-ed形式，不规则的需要记忆。动词-ed形式没有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态的变化。
(2)动词-ing形式有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态区别。
下列以及物动词write和不及物动词go列表示例：
write
go
主 动 被 动
动词-ing一般式 writing being written going
动词-ing完成式 having written having been written
动词-ed written gone
3、用法
(1)作定语
单个的分词作定语，一般置于所修饰的词前;分词短语作定语置于所修饰的词后，相当于一个定语从句。如：
Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.
许多兴奋的人们想乘地铁旅行。
The countries you referred to just now belong to developing countries.
你刚才提到的那些国家属于发展中国家。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants.
=People developed a kind of paper which/that was made from the fibers of plants.
人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
=The houses which/that are being built are for the teachers.
正在(被)建的那些房子是给老师们的。
The little boy standing over there is a classmate of mine.
站在那边的小男孩是我班的同学。
* 不定式、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别
不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作;现在分词作定语常表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语表示过去的动作。如：
The problem to be discussed tomorrow is very important.
The problem discussed yesterday is very important.
The problem being discussed now is very important.
(2)作状语
a)分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语时，必须与句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
b)分词作状语形式的选择
形 式 意 义
v.+-ing (doing) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。
having+v.-ed
(having done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。
v.+-ed (done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
being +v.-ed
(being done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。
篇6：动词ing形式的用法
用法
a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
c.表示渐变的动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begins等。
d.与always，constantly，forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
动词ing形式变化规则
1.–ing分词的构成主动形式 被动形式 doing being done 一般式 完成式 having done having been done 否定式：not+--ing/not having(been) done 不是 having not (been) done。
2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分词的.一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如： Walking along the street, he caught sight of an old friend of his. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
3.---ing分词的被动式当－ing分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据－ing 分词动作发生的时间，－ing分词的被动式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done),如：The question being discussed is very important. Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder.
4.---ing分词的句法功能1)---ing分词作主语 Learning English has become a part of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big. 2) ---ing分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟---ing分词作宾语：admit/ appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy /excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest / give up/cannot help。
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