高三英语Units 7-8教学讲义(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
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篇1：高三英语Units 7-8教学讲义(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
全面扫描
类别 新 课 标 要 求
重
点
单
词 standard conscience anyway admit abundant personally occupy ambition constant welfare composer noble gain selfish wage clap dictation alphabet stick academic acquire acquisition awful instruct motivation anxious tyre secure translator interpreter adopt patience overweight operation comprehension junior association senior
重
点
短
语
1. leave alone 不管,随……去
2. in need of /in want of 需要
3. lose up （犹指暂时）关闭
4. bring in 生产,介绍,引进
5. afford to 承担得起
6. in the race to do sth 可能成功地做……
7. make it short 长话短说
8. have no eye for 不关心, 不注意
9. have eyes/an eye for 对……感兴趣
10. urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
11. comment on 评论
12. in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝
13. in favor of 支持
14. in face of 面对……
16. make sense of 弄懂……的意思
17. in other words 换句话说
18. take risks/ a risk 冒险
19. experiment with 进行实验
20. fall behind 落后于
21. adjust to 适应
22. in common 共同,共同享有的
23. as a consequence 结果是
24. contribute to 捐献 对……起作用
25. be concerned about 关心
语
法 1.The Adverbial
2.The subjunctive mood
重
点
句
型 1. If I hear another sound from you, you will go where it is really cold. 要是再听到你说一个冷字，我就叫你到真正冷的地方去。(地点状语从句)
2. Personally, I don’t care. 我个人是无所谓的。
3. I think it’s because he walks slower than he used to, as of late. 我觉得是因为他走路比以前慢了，最近总是迟到。(表语从句)
4. If we develop our study skills, we may find that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue … (倍数表达法)
如果我们发展了我们的学习技能，我们就可能发现，学习外语的难度并不一定是我们学习母语难度的两倍。
5.…it is probably best to start with a shorter visit.
……那么你最好一开始只作短期的访问。
重点突破
1．In the race to become rich quickly, some people forget that business is not only about making money and profits.有可能迅速致富，但有些人忘记了做生意不仅仅是赚钱和获取利润。
in the race =in the running 有获胜、胜利的希望
in the race可在句中做表语或后接动词不定式
Despite setbacks he is still much in the race.
虽然遭到挫折，他仍有胜利的希望。
Charles is still in the race as a possible next head of the firm. 查尔斯仍有希望当这家公司下一任的主管。
2. It’s so cold in here. 这里很冷。
在英语中少数几个介词可接副词、介词短语作为其宾语。
I live not far away near here. 我住的地方离这儿不远。
He took a look at me from above his glasses.
他从镜框的上方扫了我一眼。
There was no way except by boat. 除了乘船没有出路。
3. If I hear another sound from you, you will go where it is really cold. 要是再听到你说一个冷字，我就叫你到真正冷的地方去。 (地点状语从句)
go是不及物动词，where引导地点状语从句；常见的引导地点状语从句的连接词还有wherever。
Please make marks where you have questions when you are reading books. 阅读的时候在有问题的地方划上记号。
They teach wherever their pupils live.
学生住在哪里,老师们就在哪里上课。
【温故知新】
注意地点状语从句和定语从句的区别,有时候两种从句可以转换。
We should go where it is quieter.＝We should go to a place where / in which it is quieter.
我们应该到更安静些的地方去
Sit wherever you like. ＝Sit at any place where / in which you like. 请随便坐。
但where引导地点状语从句时可前置句首,而引导定语从句时则不可。
Generally speaking, where there is water, life is likely to be seen. 一般而言，在有水的地方，你就能见到生命。
【点击高考】
⑴If you are traveling _____the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. （天津）
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
【题解】D where引导的是地点状语从句；A项只可能出现在定语从句中，in which前面应该有先行词。
⑵-Mom, what did your doctor say? (2006四川)
-He advised me to live _____the air is fresher.
A. in where B. in which
C. the place where D. where
【题解】D根据句子结构，A项明显错误；B项引导定语从句，选项前无先行词；live是不及物动词，应有一介词in才能选C项。引导状语从句的where=in/at/to the place where.
⑶We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东)
A. where B. that C. when D. which
【题解】A where 引导定语从句，指地点，在从句中作状语。意思是：在这一点上。类似的结构有：I can hardly find a situation where this idiom can be used.
⑷In peace, too，the Red Cross is expected to send help ____ there is human suffering. (2006江西)
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
【题解】D 地点状语从句考查，从题干理解“无论在什么地方出现人类灾难”，才能“期待红十字会提供帮助”。
⑸The place _____the bridge is supposed to be built should be ____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (江苏)
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
【题解】C 检查考生对逻辑关联用语的掌握和运用能力。第一空为介词+关系代词引导定语从句，第二空为表语从句，表示地点，应用连接词where。
⑹If a shop has chairs ____women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. （2005上海）
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【题解】D 定语从句考查，where替代先行词chairs在从句中作地点状语；句意：如果商店提供让男人坐的椅子，女人会在商店花更多的时间选购。
⑺I walked in our garden, ______Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005辽宁）
A. which B. when C. where D. that
【题解】D该句为非限定性定语从句，通过句意不难看出，where作定语从句的地点状语，可排除that和which。
4. I have to pay you a whole day’s wages for no work at all. 你一整天都不工作，我还得付你工钱。
【温故知新】
wage n. (pl.) 每日或每周以现金支付的工资
pay 泛指工资
salary 按月支付、直接转入银行帐户
fee 指专业服务的费用如私人医生、律师等
payment 一次性或不定期工作所得报酬
income 指全部的固定收入包括工资及存款利息
[能力拓展]
选择填空
⑴My ____ is paid directly into my bank account.
A. wages B. salary C. incomes D. fees
【题解】B 从题干into my bank account“进入银行账户”理解，可排除其余各选项。
⑵He takes his ____ home to his wife every weekend.
A. wages B. salary C. incomes D. fees
【题解】A 从题干信息every weekend理解，应是 “每日或每周以现金支付的工资”，可排除其余各选项。
⑶Most ticket agencies will charge a small ____.
A .fee B. wage C. pay D. income
【题解】A 从题干will charge a small理解，指的是“专业服务费用”。
5. Many thousands are in want of basic needs；hundreds of thousands of are in want of basic comforts, sir.
先生，好几千人缺乏基本的必需品；无数的人缺乏基本舒适的生活条件。
in want of 缺少；缺乏；需要
【温故知新】
in want of be short of be low in a shortage of
lack a lack of lack of
这几个短语或单词都有“缺少；缺乏；短缺”的意思，在结构中也有不同之处。
in want of是一短语介词，在句子中常用作表语：
We are so well provided that we are not in want of anything. 我们应有尽有，什么也不缺。
short of是一形容词惯用语作表语用：
We are short of cash. 我们现在现金不足
low in是一形容词惯用语作表语用：
Food supplies are running low in the expedition team.
探险队里的食品日益减少。
a shortage of中shortage是一可数名词。
There has been a shortage of teachers.（U12，SBⅢ）
教师一直短缺。
lack是一及物动词；同时也是名词，多作不可数名词，常与of连用；有时前面可加不定冠词。
She lacks the money to buy new shoes. 她没钱买新鞋。
There is no lack of vegetables. 蔬菜不缺。
The disease is spreading fast in Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care,...
因为缺乏卫生保健，这种疾病在非洲和亚洲的部分地区传播很快……。 （U7, SBⅡ）
6. Personally, I don’t care. 我个人是无所谓的。
1）personally是一副词，位于句首时可理解为“就我本人来说”，主语为第一人称；多见用逗号隔离，偶尔也见不用逗号。
Personally, I think he is dishonest, but many people trust him. 就我个人而言，我认为他不诚实，可是有许多人信任他。
Personally, I don't approve of her.
就我本人而言, 我不喜欢她。
She said she didn’t like it, but personally I thought it was very good.
她说她不喜欢，但就我个人而言，我认为非常不错。
在表达主观看法或以示强调时，也常用下列结构：
[能力拓展]
选用下列短语完成句子
in one’s opinion/view that is (to say) in other words
in one’s own words so far as I know in general
⑴In general, Scotland is cold throughout the year.
一般说来，苏格兰终年寒冷。 （U5，BⅡ）
⑵They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
它们全都习惯于周围的环境，也就是，它们学会了在栖息地繁衍生息。 （U10, BⅠ）
⑶In my opinion, you ought to ask your father’s opinion about your plans. （U14，BⅠ）
依我看，你应当征求爸爸对你计划的意见。
⑷So far as I know, the Natural History Museum is free.
据我所知，这自然历史博物馆是免费的。
⑸In other words, the way tomatoes grow from a natural seed is changed. （U19，BⅠ）
换言之，西红柿从天然种子的生长过程改变了。
2）personally作为强调加强语气时，常位于人称代词之后，其作用相当于一反身代词，意为“本人；亲自”。
I dislike him personally (himself), but I admire his art.
我不喜欢他的为人,但我钦佩他的艺术。
She personally (herself) saw to the comforts of her guests.
她亲自照顾客人。
7. The rich only occupied themselves with making money, and had no eye for the needs and welfare of their workers. 这些有钱人只忙于赚钱，一点也不关注员工们的需要和福利。
1) occupy oneself +in/with (doing) sth连用,意为“忙于做某事；从事于……；专心于……”；＝devote oneself to。
After he has retired, he will occupy himself with gardening.
退休后,他将致力于园艺。
He occupied himself with various research projects.
他终日忙于各种研究计划。
be occupied in doing sth. / with sth. =be busy doing sth. / with sth.忙于做某事;忙于某事
The workers were occupied in building new houses.
工人们正在忙碌着盖新房子。
She is occupied in writing a novel. 她忙于写小说。
2）have an eye for 关注；对……感兴趣；能欣赏/判断/识别出。
Their parents are only concerned about the health of their children but have no eye for their studies.
他们的父母仅仅只关心他们孩子们的身体健康但对他们孩子的学习一点不顾。
She has an eye for beauty. 她很有审美能力。
[能力拓展]
在表达“关心、关注”时，也常用到下列短语：
用所给动词短语的适当形式填空：
⑴Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and it is important to have someone (to care about). （U1,SBⅠ）
⑵The media can often help solve problems and (draw attention to) situations where help is needed.（U2, BⅡ）
⑶Many parents worry about the safety of their children and may also (be concerned about) the cost.（U8, BⅢ）
⑷They (give close attention to) both the content of the discussion and the way that things are said…
(U12, BⅢ)
⑸To our sadness, it is only herself who she (cares for).
8. If quite convenient, sir. 先生，如果方便的话。
这是个省略句,其完整形式为If it is quite convenient to you, sir.
convenient adj. 方便的；合适的
It is convenient for / to sb. to do sth.(对某人而言)做……方便
在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果主句从句的主语一致，谓语动词含有系动词be或助动词be，常常把从句中的主语和谓语中的be省略。
While (she was) still a student, she played roles in many plays. （U4, BⅠ）
在她还是一个学生时，就在许多剧中扮演角色。
When (he was) asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success to his wife and children. （U4, BⅠ）
当被问及到他成功的秘密时，史蒂文斯皮尔伯格说他的成功归功于他妻子和孩子们。
You do not need to worry about all these rules while (you are) having dinner with your friends or family. （U6, BⅠ）
在你和朋友或家人进餐时就不必拘泥于这些礼节。
【点击高考】
⑴____with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （湖北）
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【题解】D 本小题非谓语形式考查，the biggest ocean与When compared逻辑关系是被动的，应用过去分词；从句部分是When（it is）compared with the size of the whole earth省略。
⑵When help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” （[2005福建）
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
【题解】D本小题非谓语形式考查，从句完整部分是When （one is）offered help, 逻辑关系是被动的应用过去分词；同样省略了从句中主语和助动词be。
⑶When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ___ at the party, but not _____. （2005北京）
A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave
C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave
【题解】C检查对非谓语动词做宾语的掌握和运用； remember doing记得做过……表完成；remember to do 记住要做……表将来，题干中从句完整部分是When (he was) asked by the police。
⑷While watching television, ____. （2005全国）
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
【题解】C 本小题对句子逻辑概念的考查，题干只有状语部分，完整的从句是While we were watching television,从逻辑关系看可排除A、B项；D项的宾补rings加s错误。
9. I think it’s because he walks slower than he used to, as of late.
我觉得是因为他走路比以前慢了，最近总是迟到。
1）because 可以引导表语从句。
I think it’s because I criticized him.
我想是因为我批评过他。
It may be because he is our boss and he can talk to us anyway he wants.
也许是因为他是我们老板，爱对我们说什么就说什么。
because和why都可以引导表语从句，区别很大；because强调的是因，而why强调的是果。
He didn’t attend the meeting. That was because he was ill. 他没有出席会议，那是因为他病了。
He was ill. That was why he didn’t attend the meeting.
他病了，那是他没有出席会议的原因。
[能力拓展]
用because或why填空
⑴That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
⑵Many people like the film very much. It’s because most of the people in the film use their real names and play themselves.
⑶It was because his old car had broken down again.
⑷I spoke of his part in the game. That was because he had done better in it than others.
⑸Music can give us a great deal of pleasure. That is why so many people like it.
2)为了避免重复，he used to后省略了已知信息walk。如
有系动词be, 助动词have的时候, 省略时要保留be或
have。
[能力拓展]
⑴-Would you like to go on with your work this evening?
-Yes, ____.
A. I would like to do B. I would like
C. I would D. I would like to
【题解】 D为了避免重复,承前省略了go on with my work this evening
⑵Our hometown used to be very poor. But now it is not___.
A. what it used to be B. that it used to be
C. what it used to D. that it used to
【题解】A what在从句中充当系动词be的表语, 而that只起连接作用，可排除B、D项；省略了重复出现的内容very poor, 但要保留be。
3）of late =lately =recently 最近
late的用法归类：
latter adj. (两者中)后者的；较后的;
late adj. 迟的；晚期的；已故的
adv. 迟
later adv. 后来
adj. 后期的；晚年的
latest adj. 最近的,最新的
lately adv. 最近；近来
at the latest 至迟
later on 后来
sooner or later 迟早；早晚
[能力拓展]
⑴You need to hand your projects in by Friday ______.
A. at the latest B. sooner or later
C. later on D. at last
【题解】A根据题干理解，at the latest“最迟”符合题意。
⑵Advertising has a lot of advantages. It keeps us ______about the _____products, and also provides entertainment.
A. informed；latest B. to know；latest
C. learning； newest D. to think；newest
【题解】 A keep us 后可接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，先排除B、D项，us与informed构成逻辑上的被动关系；latest强调的是时间距现在“最近的”，the latest products最新产品；newest强调的是性质, 与“旧”相对应。
⑶Her health seemed to have improved _____.
A. ever since B. as usual C. of late D. for ever
【题解】C ever since“从那时到现在”，题干seemed是过去时，可排除；as usual“照常”，for ever“永远；总是”与题意不合；C项of late“最近”贴近题意。
10. …you were studying the language all day long.
……你整天都在学习这门语言。
all day long 整天＝all day＝the whole day
教材中表时间的短语还有许多：
[能力拓展]
根据汉语完成句子
⑴During the next ten years we both worked day and night to pay for it. 在以后的十年期间，我们俩为还债没日没夜地工作。 （U15，BⅠ）
⑵Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年，世界各地的运动员都要参加奥运会。 （U8，BⅠ）
⑶For example, do not plant rice year after year in the same fields。
例如在同一块地里不要年年种谷物。（U19，BⅠ）
⑷Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain.
苏格兰全年较冷，雨水更多。 （U5，BⅡ）
⑸The vast centre of Australia is hot and dry all the year round. （U3，BⅢ）
澳大利亚中部的广大地区一年四季都是炎热而干燥。
⑹We travelled by day. 我们白天赶路。（U6，BⅢ）
⑺Although the styles may change from year to year, jeans never go completely out of fashion. （U15，BⅢ）
虽然每年的时尚都在变，可牛仔裤从来没有过时过。
11. They are more willing to take risks and place themselves in new learning situations.
take/ run a risk / risks冒险
take /run the risk of sth. / doing sth.冒着……的危险
at any risk 无论如何，
无论冒什么危险
at one’s own risk 由自己负责
at risk = in danger 处于危险中
at the risk of sth. / doing sth 冒着……的危险
risk doing sth. 冒险干某事
[能力拓展]
根据汉语完成下列句子，每空一词
⑴他冒着生命危险救了我一命。
He saved my life at the risk of his own.
He took risks of his own life life to save me.
⑵疾病在蔓延，所有五岁以下的小孩都有危险。
The disease is spreading, and all children under 5 are at risk.
⑶他为这次工作的面试做好了准备，因为他不愿意冒险失去这么好的机遇。
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
[能力拓展]
用所给短语动词的适当形式填空
take a risk/risks take a chance/chances
take a sip take patience taken a holiday job
take a deep breath take a day off take a bank loan
take an active part take a critical attitude
⑴During the summer I have taken a holiday job in your uncle’s food company.
⑵It takes patience to look after the babies when they cry during the night.
⑶They have to take a bank loan or borrow money from the government, called a student loan.
⑷They took a critical attitude toward the problem at today’s meeting.
⑸The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once, but Westerners usually take a sip.
⑹I’m afraid you are taking a risk/risks setting sail in such stormy weather.
⑺Don’t take a chance/chances but make full preparations earlier.
⑻He said he was taking a day off. That’s why he had come to see us.
⑼Take a deep breath, and then you may feel relaxed.
⑽I think your parents should take an active part and it helps find out what to do next.
12. …it is probably best to start with a shorter visit.
……那么你最好一开始只作短期的访问。
It is better / best to do sth是一非常有用的句型，可以和You’d better/ best do sth句型转换，只是You’d better句型主观对象更明确，而且一定注意两句型to do sth和do sth原型动词的微小区别。
It is better to say little. 少说为妙。
It is best to contact students who have been abroad to hear about their experiences.
最好联系去过国外的学生听取他们的经验。
My advice is that it's best to forgive and forget.
我的意见最好是不记前嫌。
13. Review the adverbial
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、以及全句的句子成分。可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
[点击高考]
⑴____more about university courses, call (920)746-3789.
A. To find out B. Finding out （2005浙江）
C. Find out D. Having found out
【题解】A不定式作目的状语。
⑵_____and happy, Tommy stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised （2006全国）
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
【题解】B 形容词作状语。
⑶_____, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. （2005全国）
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
【题解】 C评述性状语，常见的类似状语还有considering 考虑到；judging from /by 通过……来判断；to tell the truth 讲实话；to be honest老实说；to be (more) exact更确切地说；to make things worse/worse still/what’s worse糟糕的是。
⑷Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. , their political influence should be very great.
（2006广东）
A. As a result B. As usual C. Even so D. So far
【题解】 C副词词组做状语；根据语境，应该用even so, “虽然如此”。
⑸I’m certain David’s told you his business troubles.____, it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.
（2006湖北）
A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though
【题解】B在语境中考查副词做状语的用法。根据题干中his business troubles理解，“总之”他欠债已不是秘密了”。
⑹This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, _____.
（2006陕西）
A. how may it cost B. no matter how it may cost
C. how much may it cost D. however much it may cost
【题解】 D 本题考查让步状语从句，可直接根据句意得出答案D。
14. Review the subjunctive mood
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,表示说话人的愿望、假设、建议、命令、请求等。
[能力拓展]
1. 句型转换
⑴I didn’t know the result at that time.
→I wish I had known the result at that time.
⑵It’s time for us to take chances to make greater progress. →It’s time that we took chances to make greater progress.
⑶I don’t know his name, so I can’t phone him.
→If I knew his name, I would phone him.
⑷He didn’t tell me his name, so I couldn’t phone him at that time. →If he had told me his name, I would have phoned him at that time.
2. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
⑴I’d rather he were (be) present at this/tomorrow’s
conference.
⑵It is right time(that) you experimented (experiment) with new methods of teaching.
⑶Without the pills, you wouldn’t have had (not have) such a good sleep.
⑷I was busy, or / otherwise I would have joined (join) you
in the picnic.
⑸The boy acted as if he had been (be) to Canada before.
【点击高考】
⑴Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday. (2006全国)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
⑵-Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?
-I agree, but the problem is _____ he has refused to. (2005江苏)
A. will not be sent；that B. not be sent；that
C. should not be sent；what D. should not send；what
【题解】在…necessary/important/impossible/proper ＋that clause这一句型结构中，从句要用虚拟语气其结构为should＋原形动词；第二空that在表语从句中仅起连词作用。
【题解】D as if (though)引导的从句一般要用虚拟语气；用动词过去时表达与现在事实相反。句意“……仿佛就像昨天发生的一样”。
⑶He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. (上海春)
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
【题解】D 从题干hesitated理解，只能是与过去事实相反，可转换成if had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, …从句。
⑷What would have happened ____as far as the river bank?
(2001上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
【题解】C 这是省略了if 的倒装，可复原为if Bob had walked farther。
⑸How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海春)
A. has B. had D. will have D. had had
【题解】B wish后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表达与现在事实相反。
⑹____ be sent to work there? (2002上海)
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
【题解】A suggest(建议) 后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，从句中的should可省略。B项多一连接词that；do you suggest / think…宾语从句中的连接词(what/which/ when/where等)应位于主句前，故排除C、D项。
实战演练
I. 单项填空
( )1.When I arrived，I saw the place was already _____ by two strangers .
A. occupied B. possessed C. owned D. conquered
【题解】 A句意为“两个陌生人占用了这块地方”。 possess 拥有；具有，own 有；拥有，conquer征服；战胜。
( )2.______, I am in the middle of a meeting.
A.I am not convenient to talk to you
B. Not being convenient to talk to you
C. It isn’t convenient for me to talk to you
D. It isn’t convenient of me to talk to you
【题解】 C (对某人而言)做某事方便, 只能使用句型It is convenient for / to sb. to do sth.。
( )3. I haven’t done anything wrong. I have got a good ____.
A. confidence B. innocence
C. consciousness D. conscience
【题解】 D conscience意为“良心；良知”。have a good /clear conscience 意为“问心无愧”。have no conscience 意为“没良心”。
( )4. When I visited her, she was _____in writing a lecture speech on environment .
A. occupied B. occupying
C. taken up D. absorbing
【题解】 A be occupied in doing sth. / with sth.忙于；从事 take up 拿起；从事, 无被动语态。absorb 吸收。be absorbed in 全神贯注于……。
( )5. _____her answer, so he wrote her another letter.
A. Not having received B. Without receiving
C. He hadn’t received D. Having not received
【题解】 C 此题很容易误选A,看成是分词做状语,但题
干中的连词so提示了此题包含的是两个分句,所以选C。
( )6. Sorry madam, we’re _____ up for supper.
A. closing B. cleaning C. turning D. clearing
【题解】 A close up 关闭, 靠近；clear up 意为“天气转晴”；clean up 意为“整理”；turn up 到达, 出现。
( )7.The illness caused him to ____the rest of his class. He had to work hard to make up for the lost time.
A. falling behind B. fell behind
C. fall behind D. fall behind with
【题解】 C fall behind 意为“落后于”,还有“晚交；拖欠”(房租；付款等)之意。
( )8. They found the people suffering the storm were __ food and water supplies when they got there.
A. in thirsty for B. in charge of
C. in want of D. in place of
【题解】C 题意为“当他们到达那里时，他们发现遭受风暴的人们需要食物和水。” in want of=in need of “需要”；be thirsty for是“渴望得到”；in charge of是“负责”。
( )9. The guide abused at the tourist; _____, he refused
to apologize.
A. make matters worse B. making matters worse
C. to make matters worse D. made matters worse
【题解】C根据句子结构，该题应选不定式用作过渡性词语作状语。句意为“那位导游辱骂了那位游客，更为糟糕的是，他拒绝道歉”。
( )10.Only a few people think we shouldn’t go ahead with this plan because of the____ of failure．
A. future B. pressure C. worry D. risk
【题解】D仅仅少数人认为我们不应该执行这个计划，因为失败的风险很大。future前途；pressure压力；worry担心。
II. 完形填空
How many different kinds of emotions do you feel? You may be 1 to find that it is very hard to specify (详细说明)all of them. Not only are emotional feelings hard to describe in 2 , they are difficult to 3 . As a result, two people 4 agree on all of them. However, there are a number of 5 emotions that most people experience.
When we receive something that we want, or something happens that we like, we usually feel joy or 6 . Joy is a positive and powerful emotion, 7 for which we all strive(奋斗).It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us 8 for happiness. As a general 9 , joy occurs when we reach a 10 goal and obtain a desired object.
11 people often desire different goals and objects, it is 12 that one person may find joy in repairing a car, 13 another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share 14 goals or interests, and therefore we can 15 joy together. This may be in sports, in learning, in raising a family, or in just being 16 .
When we have difficulty in obtaining our objects or reaching our goals we experience negative(消极的)emotions, such as anger and grief. When 17 things get in the 18 , we experience minor（较小的）frustrations(挫折)or tensions(紧张). For example, if you are 19 to go out, you may feel frustration when a button falls off. The more difficulty you have in reaching a goal, the more frustrated you may become. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it 20 happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry.
( )1. A. shocked B. surprised C.terrified D. nervous
( )2. A. English B. Chinese C. words D. books
( )3. A. list B. recognize C. arrange D. say
( )4. A. easily B. rarely C. usually D. always
( )5. A. nice B. new C. vital D. basic
( )6. A. pain B. happiness C. coldness D. warm
( )7. A. one B. and C. thing D. it is
( )8. A. wait B. care C. search D. are late
( )9. A. practice B. rule C. law D. sense
( )10. A. desired B. chosen C. accepted D. final
( )11. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. Except
( )12. A.strange B. interesting
C. funny D. understandable
( )13. A.though B. because C. while D. even if
( )14. A. other B. common C. different D. positive
( )15. A. find B. remember
C. lose D. experience
( )16. A. together B.careful C. different D. alone
( )17. A. great B. little C. some D. horrible
( )18. A. street B. town C. house D. way
( )19. A.forced B. preparing C. dressing D. eager
( )20. A. may B. will C. should D. can
【题解】
1. B 每个人都很熟悉又且时常体验的喜怒哀乐等情绪却又难以一一细述, 确实令人“surprised”(惊讶)。
2. C in words 意为 “用言语”。
3. A 人的情感、情绪不但难以用言语描述,且难以“list”（列表、归类）。
4. B 据上下文和常识选 B。
5. D vital意为 “重大的”。
6. B 当事如人愿时,我们通常当然是感到高兴或幸福。
7. A one作joy的同位语，相当于“an emotion”。
8. C 据句意选C。
9. B as a (general) rule乃一词组，意为“通常，一般来说”
10. A desired “渴望的，想得到的”。 句尾的 “a desired object”也提示了此空选A。
11. C 此状语从句表原因，故可排除A、B、D。
12. D 只有understandable“可以理解的”符合文意。
13. C 句意前后对比，故选while .
14. B 从后文的sports、learning、raising a family可知此空选common“共同的,普通的”较佳。
15. D experience joy “体验快乐”。
16. A 据上文选A。
17. B 小事让你体会小的挫折感和紧张感，大的就不然了。
18. D in the way “挡道”。
19. C 着衣时掉纽扣较为符合逻辑。
20. C 根据文意选“should”。
III.阅读理解
A
Skiing has become a way of life for many people. From the moment the first snowflake（雪花） falls until the spring thaw（融化，解冻）, skiers put their skis on their cars and head for the slopes .There are many reasons behind the popularity of this winter sport.
Skiing is a true family sport that can be enjoyed by all people whether 3 or 93 years old. Being able to go down a hill ,to turn at will, and enjoy nature at its loveliest are pleasant feelings for all age groups.
Skiing is also interesting because it provides a variety of experiences. Snow conditions change hourly as the temperature and weather conditions change during the day .Moreover, every trail is different. Seldom does one pass over the same spot twice.
Improvement in ski equipment, clothing, and ski areas have made the sport more pleasurable, comfortable, and available. Warm light down–filled clothing has replaced layers of heavy sweaters. Ski equipment made with modern materials has made skis and poles lighter, more flexible, and suited to people of all ages and abilities. The availability(可用)of skiing has also been improved by snow –making equipment. Even in areas of the country that have very little snowfall, snow can be made if the temperature is blow 32 degrees.
For many people, skiing is an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of outdoors, to challenge their physical abilities, and, finally to simply have fun. It is a sport enjoyed worldwide and appears to be gaining in popularity constantly.
( )1. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the advantages and disadvantages of skiing
B. the description of skiing
C. the reasons why skiing is easy today than in the past
D. the reasons why skiing is a popular sport
( )2. The paragraph following this passage probably deals with_____.
A. snow – making B. skiing accidents
C. the cost of skiing D. ski places around the world
( )3. According to the passage, the underlined word “down – filled clothes” most probably means _____.
A. something filled with cotton
B. something filled with feathers
C. something filled with wool
D. something filled with silk
( )4. All of the following can make skiing fun for all ages except____.
A. being able to pass over the same spot twice
B. being able to go down a hill
C. being able to turn at will
D. being able to enjoy nature at its loveliest
【题解】
1. D 由第一段倒数第一句话可知。
2. D从倒数第一段倒数第一句话可知。
3. B羽绒服由其前的warm light 推知。
4. A
B
Water Saving
Faced with the threat of water shortage, Beijing and Shanghai will take effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
Beijing will stick more strictly to water saving policies through the readjustment of industrial structures. Beijing is expected to be short of 1,185 billion cubic meters of water by . Beijing will shut down factories with high water consumption and pollution including electric power, steel and paper manufacturing equipment. Advanced water saving technology will be introduced to new industrial projects in the capital city.
Grain-growing areas will be reduced to save ground water and more trees will be planted. Animal breeding and other “high efficient” agriculture with modern water-saving irrigation methods will be developed.
It is said that water used in agriculture will drop to 35% of the city’s water consumption in from 43% in , and the figure will continue to drop to 28-30 percent in 2020. Beijing will increase the speed of renovation (修复) of its urban water supply equipment. It’s reported that more than 15% of water is lost during distribution (分发). Water –saving equipment and efficient management can save Beijing more than 537 million cubic meters of water by 2010.
Shanghai still faces key problems connected with its water resources and environments. Since 1998, the city has invested nearly $169 million to treat its rivers, especially Suzhou Creek. The city’s rivers have become noticeably clearer since putting it into action.
The government will provide a further $24 million for the treatment of rivers and $12 million to treat sewage (污物).
This year’s task is to improve the water quality at the three ports of Longhua, Yangshupu and Hongkou. Another emphasis to raise the water system is Songjiang New Area with a project worth $4.8 million .Efforts will be made to improve public awareness about the need to protect water resources.
( )5.Grain-growing areas in Beijing will be reduced because _____ .
A. a lot of ground water will be saved by this means
B. Beijing helps to develop advanced technology
C. highly effective agriculture needs less farmland
D. grain can’t fetch a good price in China
( )6.How much money has Shanghai spent on its rivers ?
A.$209.8 B.$169 C.$193 D.$205
( )7.The author wrote this passage to tell us _____.
A. Beijing and Shanghai are short of water
B. to save every drop of water in our daily life
C. big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are trying their best to protect water resources
D. water shortage has become one of the most important problems that China has to deal with
( )8. What is the most important thing for people to do to protect water resources?
A. We should plant more trees and flowers.
B. We should clean the banks of our rivers.
C. The government should invest more money to improve water quality.
D. Public awareness should be improved.
【题解】
5. A 由第三段第一句话可知。
6. B
7. C 第一段概括了文章的大意。
8. D根据文章大意再综合四个选项,只有第四项最佳。
IV. 短文填空
阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后1～10的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3个单词。
The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually stopped, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is wide-spread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep rising, when there seems to be so much food about?
The recent food abundance is partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain’s overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.
But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.
Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices begin to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from the trend.
Title: Food and 1.______
Present situation 2.______ Abundance--- stores and shops are overstocked
Food price 3.______ World prices
Keeping rising 4.______
People Feeling 5.____-wondering why consumers can't benefit from food abundance.
Frightened by high prices→6.______
Reasons for food abundance In North America A successful sequence of 7.______.More imported food with lower prices.
8.______ Fast increase in home production.
Reasons for 9____ The government Gradually cutting down 10.______
1. its price 2. Food storage 3. Domestic prices 4. Beginning to fall 5. uneasy and confused
6. buying less (food) 7. three grain harvests 8. In Britain 9. price rising 10. support for food
开心一刻
篇2：高三英语Units 5-6教学讲义(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
全面扫描
类别 新 课 标 要 求
重
点
单
词 advertise advertiser consideration charge loss blame broadcast post react annoying accuse associate frequent figure salesman saleswoman profit campaign policy illegal target nowadays nephew waitress hostess bridegroom attach discount bonus quit flu circumstance assessment survival biscuit goat flour nail razor bedding beyond ox frontier salty pond burden desperate beast accustomed thirst starvation anxiety shallow tax anniversary granddaughter throat relief catastrophe deliver Arctic tough sculpture quilt packet ray bark memorial retell
重
点
短
语
1. hand in hand 手拉手；密切相关地
2. take…into consideration 考虑某事
3. appeal to 呼吁；上诉；有吸引力
4. accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控（某人）
5. get across 传播；使……被理解
6. keep an eye out for… 留心某人或某事
7. associate with 把……联想起来
8. common sense 常识；情理
9. make sense 有意义；有道理
10. attach to 系，贴，固定，重视
11. react to 与……起反应
12. make millions 赚大钱
13. in charge of 负责
14. think twice 三思；认真思考
15. be to blame for 应受谴责；应承担责任
16. at stake 在危险中
17. be hard on 对…刻薄；使…难堪
18. make complaints 抱怨
19. be armed with 以……武装；装备
20. come to an end 结束；终止
21. be accustomed to习惯于；有……的习惯
22. set off for 动身；开始跑
23. go for 设法得到；努力获取
24. front page news 头条新闻
25. in anxiety of 渴望
26. keep up 保持；维持；继续
27. take a close look at oneself
好好反省自己
28. tie up 系；拴；捆
30. take it easy 别着急，别紧张
语
法 1. 复习宾语补足语
2. 复习定语
重
点
句
型
1. Thus, instead of selling them the product, the ads sometimes seem to be selling them what money cannot buy: love, happiness and success. 因此，广告推销给消费者的有时候看起来不是商品，而是用钱买不到的东西：爱心、快乐和成功。
2. It has been proven again and again that frequent advertising increases product sales. 一再证明，经常做广告会增加产品的销售额。
3. It was not easy to decide what to take and what to leave behind. 很难取舍什么东西要带走，什么东西要留下。
4. We had no choice but to pray for God’s mercy, wondering when the long drive would come to an end. 不知道什么时候才能结束这长途跋涉，除了祈求上帝的怜悯我们别无选择。
5. If untreated, it would produce a powerful poison that would kill the patient. 如果不治疗，就会产生一种剧烈的毒素，使病人死亡。
6. Every minute counts! 分秒必争
重点突破
1. People react to advertisements in different ways.
react vi. 反应，反抗；vt. (指物质) 起化学反应
常见的搭配有：
react to sb. /sth. 对……做出反应（回应）
react against sb. /sth. 反对，对抗某人/某事
react with sth. 与……起化学反应
react on sth 对……有影响；使事物产生变化
【能力拓展】
根据中文选词填空：
⑴Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. 尽管声音听得很清楚，但我还是过了好一会儿才做出反应。
⑵The students didn’t react to his proposal. 学生们对他的提议没做出反应。
⑶Didn’t the people there react against the aggressor?
那儿的人们难道不反抗侵略者吗？
2. annoy vt. 使烦恼；使恼怒
I was annoyed with him as he kept interrupting. 他不停地插话，真让我烦透了。
Nothing could have been more annoying than his coming late. 没有什么比他迟到更让人心烦的了。
【温故知新】
be annoyed with/at/by… 因…而生气、烦恼
be annoyed 后还可以接不定式短语和that从句。
He was annoyed that I went to the cinema without him.
我看电影没有邀他，他在生气。
I was annoyed to find he broke my cup. 他打破了我的茶杯，让我很不舒服。
annoying 描述被修饰词的特点，annoyed 常描述人的感受。类似的动词还有：interest, excite, please, move, satisfy, frighten, surprise, astonish 等。
【点击高考】
⑴_____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised (2006全国I)
C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
【题解】由题中happy可知，空白处需一个与之相称的形容词一起来做状语，只有surprised 可形容Tony 此时的心情。C是现在分词强调动作的进行。D 为不定式强调动作将要发生。故答案选B。
⑵A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ____. (2006天津)
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
【题解】选A。空白处需要一个主语补足语来补充“the reader”的感受。题意为：一个好的故事不一定得有一个好的结尾，但务必得让读者感到满意。
⑶-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-Yes, I’ve never been to ____one before. (四川)
A. a more excited B. the most excited
C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
[题解]选C。此题中用one代替party, 但并不是前句中的“party”,所以用不定冠词a；用exciting，是因为此处要对party进行描述。另外，题意为“ 我以前还从未参加过比这更让人激动的晚会”，用比较级，但表达了一个“最高级”的含义。
3. On the other hand, critics sometimes accuse companies of using ads to….
accuse vt. 控告；谴责
常有的搭配：
accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控(责)某人…
He was accused of being a spy. 他被指控为间谍。
The soldiers were accused of running away when the enemy attacked. 敌人来袭士兵临阵脱逃，那可是犯罪。
类似的词组还有：
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备
4. …advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
get across 传播，被理解，（把…）讲清楚
以下是get短语的归纳:
get about 到处走动,（消息）传开
get above 超过，克服
get along /on ( with sb /sth) 相处；进展
get away 逃脱；离开
get back 取回；带回
get by 通过；走过
get down to (doing) sth 开始认真做…
get in touch with sb 与…联系；接触
get rid of 除掉；摆脱
get round 传开；避开；争取（某人）
get through 接通（电话）；通过（考试）
【点击高考】
⑴There are a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get_____. (2006全国Ⅱ)
A. between B. through C. across D. beyond
【题解】题意是“门边站着那么多人，小女孩没法通过”。据题意，选B。
⑵-How are you managing to do your work without an assistant? (2006重庆)
-Well，I____ somehow.
A. get along B. come on C. watch out D. set off
【题解】A．固定短语意义辨析。get along 这个短语除了我们熟悉的“进展，相处”外，另一很重要的意义是manage to work, 系一不及物词组；根据题意：没有助手，我一个人想办法对付着干。
⑶-The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.
-Don't worry. We have already ____two thirds of it.
(2006四川)
A. got down B. got through C. given away D. given in
【题解】本题考查动词短语的含义。get down（从）…下来，吞下，使沮丧；get through：到达，做完，通过，打通；give in：投降，屈服，让步；give away：送掉，分发，泄漏。根据题干理解B项正确。
5. There are many things we need to take into consideration before we buy an expensive products,...
take sth. into consideration (=take sth. into account)
考虑某事物
We will take your proposal into consideration. 我们会把你的建议纳入考虑范围。
与之相关的词组还有：
in consideration of 考虑到，由于；作为…的酬劳
have/leave sth. out of consideration 对…不予考虑，忽视某事
on (under) no consideration 决不
【能力拓展】
根据中文意思补充下面句子，使之完整：
⑴I have to take my income into consideration when buying a car. 我买车时必须要把我的收入考虑在内。
⑵In consideration of his age, I won’t let my grandpa go there alone. 考虑到年纪，我不会让我爷爷独自去那儿。
⑶Their proposals are still under no consideration.
他们的建议仍然不在考虑范围之内。
6. Armed with facts and figures, customers are better…
过去分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语customers。
arm sb. with sth.: 用…来装备（武装）某人
A few angry young men armed themselves with sticks and stones. 几个愤怒的年轻人拿棍子和石块作武器。
【温故知新】
⑴Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. 装备有新设备，搜索小组进入山洞寻找掩埋的财宝。
⑵She arrived at the interview armed with lists of projects.
她带着几个项目前去面试。
【点击高考】
⑴____with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川)
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【题解】句意为“面临如此多的麻烦，我们没能按时完成任务”。根据句子结构，先排除B，没有连词；根据动作发生的时间，也排除C、D，因为“facing”现在分词表示进行，“to face”表示目的；故选A.
⑵Faced with a bill for ＄10,000,______. (2006陕西)
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given john an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
【题解】本题考查考生非谓语形式过去分词和句子主语之间的逻辑关系，只有“人”才能面对，可排除C、D项，B项明显与题意不合。答案为A。
⑶_____in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (2005湖南)
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【题解】句意：他穿着白制服看上去与其说象大夫不如说象厨师。本题测试be dressed in表状态用法，A项正确。
⑷____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police (2005江苏)
A. Losing B. Lost C. Being lost D. Having lost
【题解】“失踪”用be lost；本题测试be lost表状态用法。B项正确。
⑸ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (2005北京春)
A. To face B. Facing C. Faced D. Having faced
【题解】句意：面对这困难处境……，本题测试be faced with…(面对)表状态用法。C项正确。
7. A good ad often uses words to which people attach positive meanings. 一条好的广告常用能引起人们正面联想的词语。
attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有（重要性）
常有以下搭配：
attach sth. to sth. 把…系到（贴到）…上
attach oneself/sb. to sb. /sth. 加入；使隶属于
be attached to sb. /sth. 依附于；依恋于
【能力拓展】
根据句后的汉语完成下列句子。
⑴Would you attach a stamp to the envelop and mail it? 请帮我把信封贴上邮票然后寄出去好吗？
⑵The middle school attached to that university is very famous. 那所大学的附属中学很有名气。
⑶We’re grown very attached to this city and would hate to leave. 我们十分留恋这座城市，真不愿离开。
8. Thus，instead of selling them the product, the ads sometimes seem to be selling them what money cannot buy: love, happiness and success. 因此，广告推销给消费者的有时候看起来不是商品，而是用钱买不到的东西：爱心、快乐和成功。
to be selling 不定式的进行式
如果谓语动词的动作(状态)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式，主要用作：
1）某些及物动词的宾语：
He pretended to be listening attentively. 他假装专心听讲的样子。
2）某些及物动词后构成宾语补足语：
Of course we should like everything to be going smoothly. 当然我们愿意一切都进行得很顺利。
3）用作主语：
It’s nice of you to be thinking of us. 难为你在想着我们。
4）用作状语：
I’m glad to be working with you. 很高兴与你一道工作。
【能力拓展】
将下列复合句转换成简单句：
⑴It is said that they are building another bridge across the river.→They are said to be building another bridge across the river.
⑵It seems that they are getting along quite well.→They seem to be getting along quite well.
⑶We didn’t expect that you were waiting for us here.→
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.
⑷He pretended he was reading an important paper when the boss entered.→He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.
⑸It is not likely that they are working out of doors in such weather. →They are not likely to be working out of doors in such weather.
9. It has been proven again and again that frequent advertising increases product sales. 一再证明，经常做广告会增加产品的销售额。
It is＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句 是一常见句型，常见及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。
【能力拓展】
根据括号内的汉语完成下列句子
⑴It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. （中国又发射了另一颗人造地球卫星进入轨道。）
⑵It is said that this examination is a real challenge. (这次
考试是一次真正的挑战。)
⑶It is thought that the early European playing-cards were designed for entertainment and education. (作为娱乐和教育来设计的。)
⑷It has been proven again that each successful teacher has a way of his own.（每一个成功的教师都有他自己独特的方式。）
10．This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there.
beyond prep. 在…的那边；超出 adv. 在更远处
【温故知新】
（1）学习以下例句：
a. My friend, Tom, lives beyond the lake. 我的朋友汤
姆住在湖那边。
b. Our teacher arrived beyond ten o’clock. 我们老师过了十点才到。
c. If the work is beyond my teacher, it is beyond me. 如果我的老师干不了这工作，那我也干不了。
（2）beyond的常用搭配：
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond compare 无与伦比的，不可及的
beyond description 无法形容
beyond hope 没希望的，绝望的
beyond one’s reach 够不着
beyond words 无法用言语表达
【点击高考】
⑴-Can he take charge of the computer company?
-I’m afraid it’s _____his ability. (2006四川)
A. beyond B. within C. of D. to
【题解】选A。题意为“恐怕他能力不够吧”。只有beyond有超出(他能力)的含义。
⑵Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _____the visiting hours. (2006福建)
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
【题解】选C。题意为“对不起，夫人。因为已超过了访问时间，你最好明天来”。
⑶It’s quite me why such things have been allowed to happen. （2006安徽）
A. for B. behind C. against D. beyond
【题解】介词固定搭配。be beyond sb=be impossible for sb to imagine, understand or calculate.句意：我很不解的是为什么这些事能被允许发生。D项正确。
11. …we entered the desert and soon lost our way.
lose one’s way 迷路
【温故知新】
与lose搭配的短语还有：
lose one’s appetite 没胃口，食欲减退
lose one’s balance 失去平衡；心慌意乱
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
lose one’s spirit 垂头丧气
lose one’s temper 发脾气
lose one’s heart to sb 爱上某人
lose heart 失望，灰心，丧失勇气
12. …and their tongues hung out in desperate need of water.
desperate adj. 绝望的；极严重的；拼命的
The country is in a desperate state after the war. 这场战
争之后，这个国家处于非常危急的困境。
He’s desperate to pass the college entrance examinations. 他极度渴望通过高考。
The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
在沙漠中迷失方向的人最渴望的是水。
Desperate situations demand desperate remedies.
（谚语）绝境要用绝招。
【温故知新】
hopeless adj. 是指不抱有任何希望而甘愿忍受可能发生的一切。
desperate adj. 是指因绝望而不顾一切，铤而走险。
desperation n . 强调因绝望导致的自暴自弃。
despair n.. 只是绝望、失望，不强调产生的后果。
【能力拓展】
用恰当的词填空：
⑴In desperation he robbed a bank. 绝望中他抢了银行。
⑵In despair he gave up the struggle. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。
⑶The prisoners grew more desperate. 囚徒们在绝望中更不顾死活了。
⑷It’s hopeless trying to persuade him to study hard. 想劝他努力学习是没有指望的。
13. For many weeks we had been accustomed to seeing horses and oxen suffering from heat, thirst, and starvation.
accustomed adj.习惯的，通常的。
由accustomed sb. to (doing) sth. 而产生的be accustomed to (doing) sth. ，和be used to （doing）sth. 同义，但比be used to 正式。其中，除了be动词外，还可用get，become，grow等系动词。
I am accustomed to this new way of life. 我习惯了这种新的生活方式。
He soon got accustomed to working at night. 他很快就习惯上晚班了。
I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise. 我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。
14. In anxiety of reaching a place of safety, no one stopped to look or help.
anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；焦虑；渴望；热望
He was ill and his parents were waiting with anxiety for the doctor to arrive. 他病了，父母亲焦急地等着医生的到来。
She was praised for her anxiety for knowledge. 她因渴望知识而受到表扬。
常用的词组有：
In anxiety of reaching a place of safety, no one stopped to look or help. （渴望）
He was waiting for his brother's return with anxiety.
他焦虑地等着兄弟归来。（焦急地）
【温故知新】
anxiety的形容词是anxious，焦急的，发愁的
词组有： be anxious about/for 为……担忧
be anxious for 渴望得到
eager是其同义词，更强调对成功的渴望，含有积极的意义，而anxious强调“担心、忧虑”，对结果感到不安。
【能力拓展】
用eager、anxiety和anxious填空：
⑴We waited for news with a growing sense of anxiety.
我们等待着消息，越来越着急。
⑵I’m very anxious about my son’s health. 我非常担心儿子的健康。
⑶We are all anxious/eager to meet you.我们都渴望见你。
⑷He is eager to do that interesting work. 他急于想做那
件有趣的工作。
⑸She is eager to go to college, but anxious about not passing the college entrance examinations. 她渴望上大学，但是又担心高考通不过。
15. If untreated, it would produce a powerful poison. 如果不治疗，它就会产生一种剧烈的毒素。
当分词作状语表示时间、条件、让步、或方式时，可以在分词前加上相应的连词，也可以看成是省略了主语和部分谓语的省略句。在状语从句中，当主从句的主语一致且谓语中含有系动词或助动词be时，从句的主语和be就可省略。
【点击高考】
⑴When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江)
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
【题解】本题考查现在分词和过去分词区别.本句的主语是we, 当when 引导的从句的主语与句子的主语一致时,可以用When we are comparing different cultures省略形式。
⑵When____ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “It’s
kind of you. ” （2005福建）
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
【题解】选D。题意为“当一个人得到帮助时，他常会说“谢谢”或者“你真好”。状语为“when one is offered help”。
⑶____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2004湖北）
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【题解】D。句子主语ocean与compare存在逻辑上的被
动关系，故用过去分词。如不省略，状语应为：“When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth,…”。
⑷When first to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 全国Ⅱ)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
【题解】B。题意为“当这些产品首次上市，就获得了巨
大的成功”。状语可以扩展为从句“when they were first
introduced ……”，其中“they”就是“these products”。
⑸Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. （上海春）
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
【题解】A非谓语动词考查，在逻辑上you与invited存在被动关系, 需用过去分词。Unless invited是状语从句Unless you are invited to speak的省略。
⑹When , the museum will be open to the public next year. （2002上海春）
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
【题解】A非谓语动词考查，在逻辑上the museum与completed存在被动关系，需用过去分词。when completed是状语从句when the museum is completed的省略。
16. We had no choice but to pray for God’s mercy, wondering when the long drive would come to an end. 不知道什么时候才能结束这长途跋涉，除了祈求上帝的怜悯我们别无选择。
but除了做连词用外还可以做介词用，意为“除……以外”,可接动词不定式。
I had no alternative but to walk out.
除了退出我别无选择。
He wanted nothing but to stay there.
除了呆在这里他什么也不需要。
但do nothing but…；…nothing but…后接原型动词。
He did nothing but complain. 除了抱怨他什么也不做。
There seemed nothing else to do but send for the doctor.
除了派人去请医生外似乎无计可施。
Yesterday I had nothing to do but stay at home all day. 昨天，我除了整天呆在家里外，无事可做。
17. 语法扫描
A. Review the Object Complement
⑴补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征，使主语或宾语在意义上更加完整。一些使役动词、感官类动词以及介词with都常带宾语补足语。宾补通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词以及不定式、分词、介词短语等充当，宾补一般放在宾语之后。
⑵当不定式和分词作宾补时，要特别注意宾语和补语间的逻辑关系。相对谓语动词来讲，不定式表示动作的全过程，动作即将发生或业已发生；而现在分词表示动作正在进行中，还没结束，且和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾补表示宾语和补语呈逻辑动宾关系，且过去分词的逻辑主语一般不是句子的主语。
B. Review the Attribute
定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质和特征的词。
⑴可以作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句等。
⑵定语的位置一般比较固定。单个词一般位于所修饰词前；短语或从句作定语，一般放在所修饰词的后面。
⑶定语从句有限制性和非限制性之分。限制性定语从句是被修饰词不可或缺的定语；而非限制性定语从句只是对被修饰词的一种补充说明，并非必不可少，常用逗号将两者分开。
【能力拓展】
在下列句子中的宾补和定语下面划线：
⑴We all made him chairman of our meeting. 我们一致选他当会议主席。（名词作宾补。当表示职务、官衔的词作宾补时，要省略冠词。）
⑵I found it hard to study English. （形容词作宾补。it常带不定式、动名词和从句作形式宾语。）
⑶My teacher asked me to answer his question tomorrow. （不定式短语作宾补。）
⑷The old man had the fire burning all night. （现在分词作宾补）
⑸I’ll have my radio repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我
将请人修一下我的收音机。（过去分词作宾补）
⑹Last night, I fell asleep with the light on. 昨晚我睡着了，灯也没关。（副词作宾补）
⑺This is a beautiful school. （形容词作定语）
⑻These women teachers are very kind. （名词作定语。名词作定语时，一般用单数。但是：a. woman, man作定语时，随着所修饰词的单复数变化而变化；b. 某些常用复数的名词作定语时，仍须用复数。如：a clothes shop服装店, sales department营业部，arms production武器生产。）
⑼Your suggestion is valuable for me. (代词作定语)
⑽On my way home, I met an old friend. （副词作定语。副词作定语一般要后置。）
⑾The swimming pool in our school is always full of people in summer. （动名词作定语。动名词作定语用来说明所修饰词的功能与作用。）
⑿The book whose cover is red was bought yesterday. （句子作定语，即定语从句。引导定语从句的连词有关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose, as和关系副词when, where, why。）
【点击高考】
⑴－It’s a top secret.
－Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ____you and me.
(2006上海)
A. with B. around C. among D. between
【题解】选D介词短语作宾补。在“你、我之间”用between。
⑵In the dream Peter saw himself ____by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海春)
A. chased B. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
【题解】选A。过去分词作宾补。题意：在梦中，彼得发现自己被一匹恶狼追赶，他猛然惊醒。
⑶I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____.
(2005北京)
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
【题解】选A。现在分词作with的宾语补足语。noise与go on间是主谓关系，动作又在进行中，故用现在分词。B、C是谓语动词；D是不定式，指将来，都不合题意。
⑷In an hour, we can travel to places____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海)
A. where B. when C. which D. what
【题解】选C。从句作定语。关系代词which代替先行词places在从句中做主语。题意：再过一小时，我们就能到我们祖先过去要花数日才能抵达的地方了。
⑸The disc, digitally ____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (2004上海)
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
【题解】选A过去分词短语作定语。唱片已被录制完成，故不用现在分词或不定式。题意：用数码技术在录音棚录制的这张唱片，那晚在晚会上听起来就象天籁之音。实战演练
I. 单项填空
( )1. We were at ____loss when ____ word came that our team lost the game again.
A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /
【题解】选A at a loss 不知所措；word作“消息”时，不需冠词；that从句是word的同位语。
( )2. Does she say anything that ____ you especially?
A. appeals to B. interests to
C. reacts to D. satisfies with
【题解】选A appeal to 激发……的感情。
( )3. At class I have to shout ____ by all of you.
A. making myself hear B. to make myself hear
C. making myself heard D. to make myself heard
【题解】选D 据句意，此处应用不定式短语作目的状语；过去分词heard作myself的补语，“让自己被听到”。
( )4. When people think of “Haier”，they always ____it with good quality.
A. associate B. advertise C. combine D. trade
【题解】选A。associate...with把…与…联系起来；advertise做广告；combine...with把…与…结合起来；trade with与…做买卖。
( )5. They sell the sweater ____ a discount of 30 percent.
A. on B. for C. at D. with
【题解】选C。“按……折扣”用at a discount of。
( )6. ____ your step, Peter, or you might fall into the water.
A. Look out B. Watch C. Take D. Notice
【题解】选B。look out不能直接接名词，要加for才行；Watch your step! 留神脚下！Watch one’s step走路小心，讲话/做事谨慎。
( )7.The ____of the pain can be easily achieved but the disease can be hardly cured.
A. relief B. relax C. release D. ease
【题解】选A。relief舒缓、解放；relax v. 放松、松懈；release n.发行、放出；ease n.舒适、悠闲、不费力。
( )8. What’s your ___of her chances of passing the exam?
A. assessment B. calculation
C. figure D. impression
【题解】选A。assessment评价，估计；calculation计算；figure数字，人物；impression印象。题意：你估计她通过考试的机会有多大？
( )9. I work in a business ____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
【题解】选C。where引导的定语从句。关系副词where代替先行词business在从句中充当地点状语。先行词 business不表示生意而是“公司；企业”的意思。
( )10. The two countries finally ____ about import taxes on bedroom furniture.
A. came to end B. came to a conclusion
C. came to an agreement D. came to a understanding
【题解】选C，“达成一致协议”。A为“结束”；B为“得出结论”；D为“更好的理解”。
( )11. I lost the pen I had planned to have ___in the shop.
A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair
【题解】选B，过去分词作宾补。have 是使役动词，其宾语是省略了的关系代词which或that。题意：我弄丢了原计划在这家店子请人修理的那支笔。
( )12. He ____ her when he met her for the first time.
A. lost his heart to B. lost heart
C. put his heart to D. set his heart to
【题解】选A，爱上某人。B为“失去信心，气馁”；C为“用全部精力去做…”；D为“下决心去做”。
( )13. His visits became less ____ as time passed.
A. often B. usual C. frequent D. frequently
【题解】选C。形容词作表语，强调动作的重复频率；often虽也强调经常性，但具体时间意味不强；usual是通常的，一向的，平常的意思。题意为：随着时间的推移，他的到访不那么频繁了。
( )14. How much would you ____ for repairing my car?
A. spend B. cost C. charge D. pay
【题解】选C。charge表“收费”，即：帮我修车，你会收费多少？
( )15. I was given three books on cooking, the first ____ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
【题解】选B。which代替three books,引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词that不能和介词连用，且不引导非限制性定语从句。题意：我得了三本有关烹饪的书，其中第一本是我所喜欢的。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
When I arrived at the address he gave, I saw a fat lady leaving the building. I told her I was a private 1 and asked her about Alfred. A tall man 2 me into the building. She said he was Mr. Alfred. But I 3 him as Penny Quail. I followed him into the building and ran up the 4 to apartment 202. I rang the doorbell, 3 5 answered and the middle of the door had 3 bullet holes in it. I 6 the door and the lock broke.
As I ran into the room, I saw Quail and a woman struggling on the floor. The woman was Audrey Gatewood, gun in hand. I grabbed(夺取)it saying, “That’s 7 ! Get up.” Quail sat down in a chair 8 trying to catch his breath, but the woman stood in the center of the room. “You are just 9 I didn’t shoot you.” She said angrily, “How did you 10 the truth?”
“In several 11 .” I answered. “First, one of your friends said she 12 you on Market Street between 8:15 and 8:45 the night you disappeared. But the 13 on the letter to your father read 8:00 pm. Quail should have waited longer 14 mailing the letter. When you didn’t come home after the money was 15 , I had an idea you kidnapped(绑架)yourself, then I thought you would need to buy clothing. You left home that night just to take a walk 16 and couldn’t bring a 17 full of clothing with you. I knew you had a man helping you. I thought 18 the man would buy what you needed. He did but had the store 19 the clothing to this place. That’s how I knew where to find you.”
Gatewood met his daughter at the police station. I could see the 20 they had for each other, not a very happy reunion(团聚).
( )1 A. detective B. representative
C. guard D. lawyer
( )2 A. agreed with B. called for
C. got away from D. walked past
( )3 A. treated B. considered
C. recognized D. employed
( )4 A. roof B. stairs C. surface D. balcony
( )5 A. attacks B. murders
C. gunshots D. explosions
( )6 A. kicked at B. knocked at
C. pointed at D. stared at
( )7 A . right B. enough C. wonderful D. great
( )8 A. as well B. straight away
C. as usual D. on time
( )9 A . miserable B. intelligent
C. hopeful D. fortunate
( )10 A. tell B. prove C. utilize D. discover
( )11 A. languages B. directions
C. ways D. moods
( )12 A. mentioned B. saw
C. interrupted D. inspected
( )13 A . postmark B. address
C. mark D. handwriting
( )14 A .after B. without C. during D. before
( )15 A . withdrew B. wasted
C. paid D. refused
( )16 A. by accident B. with care
C. after all D. all the time
( )17 A. box B. purse C. suitcase D. packet
( )18 A. therefore B. perhaps C. indeed D. thus
( )19 A. drive B. deliver C. transport D. send
( )20 A. shame B. regret C. attention D. hate
【题解】
1. A 从下文可得知I应是一“侦探”。
2. D “经过”。
3. C 从侦探的角度理解只能是“认出”。
4. B 从apartment 202理解，应该是上“楼梯”。
5. C 从3 bullet holes理解，应该是三声“枪响”。
6. A 从上文枪响后当然是“踢门”。
7. B 从上下文理解“够了”。
8. B 与上文get up呼应“立刻、马上”……。
9. D 没击中，“幸运”。
10. D “察觉”真相。
11. C “方式、方法”
12. B “看见、见到”。
13. A 在信封上能见到时间只能是“邮戳”。
14. D 从上文between 8:15 and 8:45理解，当然是before。
15. C 从上下文理解应是“交赎金”。
16. A “偶然”。
17. C “手提箱”
18. B “也许”C项语气太强。
19. D 让人“送”
20. D 从上文可得知Audrey Gatewood自己绑架了自己，父女的关系当然紧张对立
Ⅲ． 阅读理解
A
The Daily Mail Offer Director’s Chairs
TELEPHONE YOUR ORDER ON 01509 638620
For much of this century, the director’s chair has been regarded as the most suitable chair for home and garden. Lightweight and easy to carry when folded; it is quite comfortable and certainly has a special style of its own.
Our chairs have an unusually supportive, one-piece seat and back, which makes them look smarter than most, and a coordinating hardwood frame (框架). Available（可买到的）in A (green seat with green frame) or B (natural colored seat with stained wood frame) they are on offer for only $24.95 each, or buy two of the same color for $44.90 and save $5.
You can telephone your order, giving your MasterCard/ Visa number on 01509 638620(24 hours a day, seven days a week).
PLEASE allow up to 14 days for delivery from receipt of order. Price will be paid back if item is returned within 14 days of receipt.
Post to Daily Mail Director’s Chairs Offer L2259,
Belton Road West, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5XL.
Please send me:
…………………………….Director’s chair(s)
L2259/J015 at $24.95 each.
…………………………….x2 Director’s chairs
L2259/S262 at $44.90
Color(s): A…………..; B…………...
Name:…………………………………
(Please include title and initials)
Address：…………………………………
Postcode：………………………………
I enclose a crossed cheque payable to Daily Mail Offers for $.................or debit my MasterCard/Visa account by $...................
Card No.： ………………………….
Expiry date：………………………
Tel No.： …………………………..
If you do not wish to receive details of other offers or services, please tick this box:□
( )1. A man bought two chairs: the type of “A” and the type of “B”. How much did he have to pay?
A. $49.90. B. $29.95. C. $44.90. D. $89.80.
( )2. Which of the following is all the information that the Daily Mail Director’s Chairs Offer requires?
A. Address, cheque, type of chairs, profession.
B. Color of chair, your telephone number, postcode, age.
C. Your telephone number, postcode, address, name, cheque payable or card number.
D. Name, job, number of chairs, address.
( )3. What is the best way to solve the problem if one is not satisfied with a chair?
A. The company will send someone to fix it.
B. The chair can’t be returned after having been sold.
C. He can do nothing but use it.
D. He can return the chair within 14 days.
【题解】
1. 选A。文章中“Available in A or B they are on offer for only $24.95 each”已说明。若要买A和B两款，则要24.95 x 2 =49.90。
2. 选C。细节理解题。从文中很容易找到相关细节。
3. 选D。根据“Price will be paid back if item is returned within 14 days of receipt”可以推断出。
B
Never give out identifying information such as Name, Home, Address, School Name, or Telephone Number in a public message such as at a chat room or on bulletin boards. Never send a person a picture of you without first checking with your parents.
Never reply to message or bulletin board items that are: Suggestive/Bob scene(下流的)Ready to fight/ Express intention to hurt/Make you feel uncomfortable.
Be careful when someone offers something for nothing, such as gifts or money. Be very careful about any offers that get you to meet or have someone visit your house.
Tell your parents right away if you come across any information that makes you feel uncomfortable.
Never arrange a face-to-face meeting without telling your parents. If your parents agree to the meeting, make sure that you meet in a public place and have a parent with you.
Remember people On-line may not be who they seem.
Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/ herself.
Thus someone says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man.
Be sure that you are dealing with someone that you and your parents know and trust before giving out any personal information about yourself through E-mail
Get to know your “on-line friends” just as you get to know all of your friends.
( )4. The best title for the passage is_____.
A. Believe Nobody on the Net
B. Be Careful about the on-line Friends
C. Don’t Be Honest on the Net
D. Make Friends with Those you Believe in
( )5. The underlined word “misrepresent” in the passage means_____.
A. making a wrong judgment about
B. understanding somebody wrongly
C. giving a wrong description of
D. forming a wrong opinion about
( )6. If you want to make friends with others on line, you should _____.
A. invite them to visit your house very often
B. find out more about them in many ways
C. break away from them by all means
D. attracting their attention on the internet
【题解】
4. D 综合判断题，从文中的主要内容可以看出。
5. C 猜测词意题，从上下文可以推出。
6. B 细节推断题，从文章最后一句just as you get to know all of your friends理解可得出正确答案。
Ⅴ. 短文填空
阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后1～10的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3个单词。
While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.
Try physical activity
When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try.
Take care of yourself
You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if you’re not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor.
Make time for yourself
Schedule time(确定时间)for both work and entertainment.
座位号
Don’t forget, play can be just as important to you over-all well-being as work. You need a break from
your daily routine(日常工作)to just relax and have fun. Go
window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.
Make a list of the things you need to do
Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important tasks first.
How to 1. __ stress
Stressful situations 2.___________
Phenomena 3.___nervous, angry or upset Try physical activity running, walking, playing tennis or 4.___
●easily getting angry
●not sleeping well enough
●not eating properly 5. _________yourself ●making every effort to eat well, and get enough rest
●6. ___________ a doctor
7._________ From daily routine Make time for yourself relaxing and having fun ●go window-shopping
●work on a hobby
●do something 8._____
From 9. ___________ Make a list ●10.________to do the most important tasks
●doing one thing at a time
●checking out each task
1. deal with/face 2. Suggestions 3. Being 4.gardening 5.Take care of
6. consulting 7. Causes/Reasons 8. you enjoy 9. disorganization 10. setting out
Ⅴ.书面表达
不少父母都有望子成龙的心态，请根据所给图示以A Frightening Childhood为题写一议论文，词数120左右，短文开头已给出。
A Frightening Childhood
At present many parents hope that their children can become the top talents in their childhood. ___________________________
_____________
_____________
One possible version:
Nowadays many parents hope that their children can become the top talents in their childhood. So they ask their children to devote all their spare time to a variety of special training after school, such as painting, playing the piano and the violin. Actually their children are full of fear and complaint.
Children should study hard and they should take part in all kinds of activities that they enjoy after school. In this way they can learn something with great interest and develop abilities. It is very helpful for them to grow up. But they should not be forced to do what they don’t like. Sometimes parents’ good wish may make their children tired of everything. Please don’t give your children such a frightening childhood.
开心一刻
人之初 性本善 性相近习相远
苟不教 性乃迁 教之道 贵以专
昔孟母 择邻处 子不学 断机杼 Men at their birth are naturally good. Their natures are much the same; their habits become widely different.
If foolishly there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate. The right way in teaching is to attach the utmost importance in thoroughness.
Of old, the mother of Mencius chose a neighborhood and when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom.
篇3：高三新教材 Units 4--8教案(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
Reading:
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name
Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.
Pre-reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?
His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.
While-reading
Fast reading
How many people are mentioned in the passage?
Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook
Careful reading
1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D
A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine
2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C
A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon
3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A
A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander
4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C
A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups
C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species
5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C
A．one B．Two C．Three D.four
Post-reading
1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?
To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?
Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.
4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?
When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
Translate the following phrases into English:
1. 详细地 in detail
2. 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of
3. 由……负责 in the charge of
4. 任命某人为…… appoint sb. as
5.将……分类成 classify…into…
6. 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between…
7. 一代一代传下去 pass on from one generation to the next
8.建于……之上；以……为基础 be based on
9.参与; 陷入 ……的活动 be involved in
10.根据;视……而定；按照 according to
11.搜索；寻找 search for
12.总而言之 altogether
1.match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配
2.at the age of 在……岁时
3.look out for 警惕;留心;守侯
4.on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地
5.year after year 年年;年复一年
6.pass away 逝世
7.name…after 给……取名;命名
8.in detail 详细
9.take care of 关心;照顾
10.classify…into 分类;归类
11.develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友
12.born into 出生
13.have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲
14.appoint sb. as… 委派;任命某人为……
15.spread over 传播;流传
16.a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)
17.lie in 在于
18.related to 与……有关
19.the key to 关键是(在于)
20.adapt to 适应于
21.be sunken into 堕入
Integrating skills
Scanning
Find out the important people mentioned in the text.
Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria
Gote Turesson From Sweden
Choose the best answers according to the passage
1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C
A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B
A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds
C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds
3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C
A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space
4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D
A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment
B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand
C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment
D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .
5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B
A．he was invited to join scientific expedition
B．he was interested in them
C．he could do a lot Of experiments
D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”
Fill in the following blanks
Scientist
Research/experiment
Result
Charles Darwin
The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses
There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
Gregor Mendel
Flowers and peas
Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.
Gote Turesson
A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast
Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.
The text can be divided into four parts
Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.
Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.
Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study
Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.
Important sentences in the passage
1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.
4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
Unit 5 Getting the message
Reading:
Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart
Items
Ad 1
Ad 2
Ad 3
The products they persuade you to buy
Advanced electronic roducts
Shampoo
Soft drinks
How to persuade
By using abstract design, slogan and pictures
By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products
By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products
The message each ad gives
High quality,
Help customers to succeed
Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers
Help athletes to refresh themselves.
How is the information conveyed
Pictures, slogan, spokesman
Products,slogan, pictures
Pictures,slogan, products
Words related to advertising
advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to
Pre-reading
Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students
Advantages Disadvantages
Provide information Mislead customers
Increase sales Give false or incorrect information
Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products
…
1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477
3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920
4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2
Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph
Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere
Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.
Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.
Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.
Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.
Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.
Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.
Answer the following questions
Fast reading
1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P2
2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3
3.What is the most important function of ads? P5
4.what’s the advantage of good ads? P8
Careful reading
1.Why is advertising popular?
2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?
3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?
4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?
5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?
6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?
Choose the best answers:
1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D
A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios
C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.
2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A
A increase product sales B make a product more expensive
C increase production D reduce the costs of a product
3.Advertising is a highly developed . B
A information B industry C trade D science
4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B
A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place
5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C
A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.
C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.
6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C
A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by
8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A
A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others
B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying
D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying
9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B
A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders
10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D
A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A
A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often
C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads
12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A
A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures
C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers
13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C
A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production
C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive
14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C
A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.
B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.
C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.
15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C
A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.
C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.
16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C
A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads
C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads
T or F
1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )
2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )
3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )
4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )
5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )
6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )
7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )
Difficult sentences
1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.
2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.
4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.
Integrating skills
Fill in the blanks for the revision
Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.
People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers
make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.
Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware
of their social problems and policies.
Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.
II Lead-in
1 what product do they persuade you to buy?
2 what information about product can you get?
3 How is the information conveyed?
4 What are the skills of making good ads?
III Reading
1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?
2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?
3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?
4 How are the ads presented ?
How to create a positive image of the product
Choose the words and brand names --- tell the consumer about the advantages of the product ---choose a funny name（use a well-known word--- choose names from old stories--- invent a new word ）
A good slogan（ should be catchy --- easy to remember --- convey a message）
Ads are started with a puzzle or question And presented in a humorous way
1.in order to 为的是;目的在于
2.take …into consideration 考虑某事物
3.compare…with… 把……与……比较(对比)
4.complain about 对某人与某物抱怨
5.in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位
6.hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的
7.with the develop of 随着……发展
8.on the other hand 另一方面
9.get… across 传播或为人理解
10.instead of 代替(后面接名词代词动名词或介词短语)
11.appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿)
12.armed with用…… 做准备;备有
13.make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到
14.keep an eye out for 留心或注意到某人或某事物
15.protect…from… 防护而不受
16.at the right time 在恰当的时候
17.point out to (向某人)指出;使注意
18.make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通
19.accuse…of… 指责;控告
20.attach to 系;贴;固定;附着
21 differ from 不同于
22 attach to/connect with 附着/联想
23 attach importance to 给予重视
24 start with 以 开始
25 with the purpose of 以 为目的
26 point out 指出
27 refer to 指/参考
28 think twice 慎重考虑
Unit 6
Reading
Read the text then answer some questions.
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4 Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
Listening
Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.
Post-reading
Exercise1. True or False
1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
6 When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
( )7 When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
1.believe in 信任;信耐
2.stand for 代表;代替
3.adapt to 适宜
4.lose heart 灰心;泄气
5.be cast away (被)抛弃
6.give up 放弃
7.less than 少于;不足
8.set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
9.move on 继续前进
10.take the way 出发;首途
11.lose one’s way 迷路
12.hang out 伸出
13.in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候)
14.on our feet=on foot 步行
15.be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于
16.suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
19.start doing sth. 开始做某事
20.go on all fours 用四肢
21.(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘
22.stare at 瞪视; 凝视
23.come to an end 结束;终止
24.a race against time 与时间赛跑
25.save…from 挽救……免于
26.take up to 占用(时间;空间)
27.at stake 在危险中;关系重大
28.risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事
29.apply…to… 运用;应用
30.add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
31.take it easy 别紧张;放松点
32.keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
33.common sense 常识;情理
34.leave behind 忘带;留下
35. live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存
36.tie up 系;拴;捆
37.go for 为……去;努力获取
Unit 7
Step one . Answer the following questions.
1.When does the story happen ?
2.Who is Ebenezer Scrooge ? Which word is he always to comment everything ?
3.Who is Bob Cratchit ? What does he want to do ?
4.What does the gentleman want to do ? Has he Promised ? What happened to Scrooge ?
Step2.Judge the following sentences True or false
1.It was cold in scrooge’s office and Bob had to warm himself over the candles. T
2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off because it would be Christmas the next day. F
3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he accepted happily. F
4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge’s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor. T
5. Scrooge didn’t want to give the poor any money because he was poor himself. F
6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge’s dream he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley. F
Step three : Fill in the blanks according the passage
It was the day before Christmas and the weather was terrible . Bob wanted to have a day off in order to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss , Scrooge, who was cold , mean and only interested in making money didn’t allow him to do so at first. Scrooge’s nephew--- Fred wanted to invite Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner but he was refused . A gentleman who wanted bo connect some money for the poor was also turned down by Scrooge. At last when all the others left Scrooge had a dream , in which he Santa Claus
Integrating Skills
Divide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf.
Find out something about the firs scene
Place:_ The place where Scrooge live once lived
The time when Scrooge was young.
Time: Young scrooge and his girlfriend
The girl wanted to be separated from Scrooge
Characters: Scrooge cared nothing except money
Event: He felt very uneasy.
In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas party held in Bob Cratchit’s houses. Judge the following sentences True of False .
1.In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner. 2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father couldn’t afford the medicine for him.
3. These things really happened to the Cratchits. F
4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change his life.
5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for the cratchits’. F
Scene 3
From here we say the Scrooge turned over a new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw Scrooge and his turkey ? D
A. Satisfied B. Interested C. Angry D. Surprised
He hadn’t expected that Scrooge would be so generous
Choose the best answers
1.Christmas is traditionally celebrated on . 答案：B
A. December 24 B. December 25 C. December 30 D. December 31
2.Which of the following is not true according to the dialogue? 答案：A
A. The business is now owned by Scrooge and his partner, Marley.
B. Marley died on December 24th.
C. The gentleman tried to persuade Mr Scrooge to do something good for the poor.
D .Many thousands of people don’t have enough money to keep themselves warm.
3.Ebenezer Scrooge is . 答案：D
A. a warm-hearted boss B. a lazy kind boss
C. a hospitable boss D. a greedy ungenerous boss
4.According to the dialogue,which of the following sentences is right? 答案：C
A. Nothing happened when the clock struck one.
B. Scrooge’s eyes were wet because he had a cold.
C. The girl who used to love Scrooge has married another man.
D. Scrooge,a kind old man is always commenting on everything by saying “Humbug”.
5.In the sentence,“He is cold, mean and selfish old man ”,“mean” is . 答案：D
A.有技巧的 B.心情不好的 C.普通的 D.吝啬的
6.From the dialogue, we can infer . 答案：C
A. Fred helps Scrooge become a helpful man
B. everyone does wish Ebenzer Scrooge a merry Christmas
C. Ebenzer scrooge corrects his mistakes and makes a fresh start
D. Scrooge’s partner, Marley died at Christmas
7.The main factor that makes Mr Scrooge change his mind is that . 答案：A
A. he feels afraid the bad thing will happen to him in the future
B. he regrets what he did in the past
C. he is moved by what Santa Claus says
D. he loses his fortune and becomes a poor man himself
8.What can’t be concluded from the passage? 答案：D
A. People usually have turkey for Christmas.
B. The place they live in is cold in winter.
C. Bob is quite astonished Scrooge’s generousness.
D. All the poor people can enjoy a merry Christmas now.
9.According to Fred,Christmas is the day of the year when people . 答案：D
A. think of the past and look forward to the future
B. put valuable things in their pockets
C. have dinner together
D. show kindness to people and help others
10.Mr Scrooge is reluctant to open his heart to the poor because . 答案：D
A. there are plenty of prisons in the world B. he is poor himself
C. the union work houses can help the poor
D. he only cares about his own business and never shows kindness to others
Phrases
1.care for 喜爱；照顾
2.in the race to do sth. 在做某事的竞赛中
3.put on 穿上
4.so far 至此
5.in want of 需要
6.at this festive season of the year 在一年中喜庆的季节
7.close up （尤指暂时）关闭；使靠近
8.leave alone 不管；随…去
9.toast to 干杯
10.date back to 追溯到（过去的某个时间）
11.on the contrary 相反
12.have an eye for 关注；能判断；能欣赏
Unit 8
Fast reading
1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue?
2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy?
Careful reading
Tell the sentences true or false
1 Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T
2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language. T
3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F
4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.F
Choose the best answers
1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：C
A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight C. before they are five D. since they were five
2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：A
A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking
C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability
3.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：A
A. living with local people B. living in the dormitory
C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost
D. making friends with the other students
4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：B
A. language and culture B. cost and safety C. custom and culture D. exchange programme
5.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：C
A. staying in the host family’s house B. eating in the host family’s house
C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards
6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：C
A. care much about the money that may cost you B. collect as much information as possible
C. plan a long course to study D. discuss every detail with your family
7.The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means . 答案：B
A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language
B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us
C. parents can give children language lessons
D. people can learn the language by themselves
8.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? 答案：D
A. The cost has become reasonable. B. There are programmes for all levels.
C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.
D. All the above.
9.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：C
A. to learn the language B. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other country
C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D. to learn to be independent of oneself
10.What’s the purpose of writing this article? 答案：C
A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.
C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.
D. In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.
Decide which language ( mother tongue or foreign language) each of the sentences below
A We learn quite fast.
B We are not taught but learn anyway. M
C Some people think that we are born with an ability to learn this. M
D We can learn faster if we develop study skills.
E Most people have mastered this by the age of five. M
F We learn this in a special place where we can get help.
G It takes longer to learn this. M
H We Learn this by communicating with others. M
Main idea of each paragragh .
1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue.
2. Different opinions of language experts.
3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language.
4. The characteristics of successful language learners.
5.Different learning ways of successful language learners
6. The importance of the purpose of learning.
The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
Integrating Skills
What is the best way to learn a language ? Why ?
I think the best way to do this is to go to a country where the language is spoken.
We can use the language at any places at any time . It’s good for language learning.
2. Is it possible for you to study abroad ? Yes, it is.
3. What should you do before you go abroad?
We should find out as much as possible about different programmes, including the cost and length of our stay.
4. Can you list the advantages and the disadvantages of studying abroad ?
Advantages of studying abroad
1). become fluent in the new language
2). make friends with people from different background.
3). Understand another culture
4). broaden your horizons and improve your understanding of the world
5). learn about yourself and what your culture is really like
6). learn to depend on yourself
Disadvantages of studying abroad
1). Some of them may fall behind in their studies when studying abroad.
2).They may not be able to take classes at the same level as at home.
3). Parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost.
Choose the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1 It is possible for a student of any level to study a foreign language in a country where the language is spoken.
Para. 2 Advantages of studying abroad.
Para. 3 disadvantages of studying abroad.
Para.4 What should you do in order studying abroad ?
Phrases
1.make progress 前进；进步
2.make sense of 弄懂…的意思
3.in other words 换句话说；换言之
4.take risks/a risk 冒险
5.experiment with 进行试验；进行实验
6.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大团
7.knock down 击倒；撞倒
8.that is to say 也就是说
9.fall behind 落后
10.be different from 与…不同
11.communicate with 与…联系；与…交流
12.distinguish…from… 把与区别开来
13.adjust to 调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用
14.in the process 在进行；经过；在…过程中
15.in common （团体）共同的；公有的
16.make mistakes 犯错误
17.make friends with 与…交朋友
18.take (an active ) part in （积极）参加
19.take patience to 有耐心去做….
篇4：高中三年级英语学案Units 7-8 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．admit vt.承认；准许……进入（使用）vi.容许；承认
admit sb.(sth.)into/to sth.允许某人（物）进入
sb. be admitted to school (hospital)接受某人入学（院）
admit sth./doing sth./that clause承认……
2．occupy vt.使忙碌；使从事；占有
The table is already occupied.
The company occupies the entire building.
He is occupied in repairing farm tools.
be occupied in doing sth./with sth=be busy doing sth./with sth.
occupy oneself in doing sth./with sth.忙于（做某事）
3． anyway adv.无论如何；即使如此
I’m going anyway, no matter what you say.
It’s too late now, anyway(anyhow).
Anyway (Anyhow), you can try, even if there’s not much chance of success.
4． stick vt.使停止；阻塞；刺；伸出；粘贴
He stuck his fork into a big piece of meat.
Don’t stick your head out of the window of the car.
A nail stuck in the tyre of my car.
Our car got stuck in the mud.
stick to坚持stick out伸出……stick on贴住
5．acquire vt.学到；获得acquisition n.获得；得到
The company has acquired shares in a rival business.
She acquired an American accent while living in New York.
acquire a habit of smoking养成抽烟的习惯
acpuire a bad reputation得到坏的名声
6． instruct vt.教；指导；指示
instruct sb. in sth.教导某人某事
instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人干某事
follow the instruction遵从指示
I am instructed to inform you that the minister is not willing to make a statement.
7． take a risk/take risks冒险
We ought not to take risks.
You are taking a big risk driving so fast.
at risk处于危险之中；at the risk of冒……的危险
8． fall behind落后于；拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
He always falls behind when we’re going uphill.
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent, please.
二、词义辨析
1． wage, income, pay, salary, wages辨析
income:收入、收益、进款（统称）；
pay:薪水，工资；最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作的人的薪水；
salary:薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员、记者、教师、牧师等的薪水；
wages:(复)工资；指劳动者的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬；
fee:手续费，薪金；指付给律师、医师或其他专业人员的酬金、学费等。
2． wealthy, rich与well off
wealthy富的；一般指财势上的“富裕”，常指拥有大量财产的人，有时也指拥有其他东西，此时与rich通用；rich丰富的，富有的，可指钱财，也可指物质上、精神上的其他东西，主语可以是人，也可以是物；well off富裕的；指人的富裕，但程度不如wealthy，通常指“小康的富足”。
三、重点句型
1．It’s twice the size of Tiny Tim.
它是Tiny Tim的两倍大。
倍数表达法，参见前面units 5－6内容。
2．Much good may it do you！
愿圣诞赐福于你！
本句是一倒装句型，it指圣诞节。May用来表示愿望。祝愿、祈求等，通常用倒装句表达。
如：
May you all be happy! 愿你们都快乐幸福。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live China! 中国万岁！
3．We’ll toast to the New Year with a glass of bisho wine.
让我们一起喝一杯加香料的果子酒，以贺新年。
toast to 祝酒，干杯。如：
Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.
女士们，先生们，我提议为新娘和新郎干杯。
4．It takes patience to learn a language.
学习语言需要耐心
take在此处相当于ask for, require 等，常用作It takes…to do sth .
四、语法复习
1．状语
（一）状语的定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
（二）状语的表现形式
（1）副词及副词性词组
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
（2）介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了了。
In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.尽管有困难，但是我们仍继续工作。
（3）不定式（短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.他因通过高考而感到自豪。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重，我抬不起。
（4）分词（短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.他不知道怎么办好，就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。
（5）名词（短语）
Wait a minute.等一下。
Would you please come this way?请这边走。
I go to school every day.我每天去上学。
（6）从句
Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开始，你就得继续下去。
It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在没有多少水的地方，生活是十分艰难的。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。
（三）状语的种类
状语按照内容可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度伴随情况等。
（1）时间状语
How about meeting again at six?六点再见面怎样？
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天，我通常乘公共汽车去上学。
（2）原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。
（3）条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨，我将到那里去。
As (So) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
（4）地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方，就有生命。
（5）方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她小心地把鸡蛋放在蓝子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
（6）伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。
（7）目的状语
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
Bring it close so that I may see it better.把它拿近些，以便我看得更清楚些。
（8）结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了，立刻就睡着了。
He is so good a teacher that the students love respect him.他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。
（9）让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.虽然她年纪大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么时候来，都欢迎。
（10）程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
（11）比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English, the better I?ll be.我越多讲英语，就讲得越好。
注：副词修饰动词时放在行为动词之后或动词的宾语之后，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰词之前。
如：
They study hard.他们学习努力。（修饰动词）
He was very sad.他非常伤心。（修饰形容词）
She speaks English quite well.她英语讲得很好。（修饰副词）
We go to school on foot.我们步行上学。（介词短语，修饰动词）
（四）状语的位置
英语中状语的位置比较灵活。影响状语位置的因素很多，如强调的程度、句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都可以影响状语的位置。
（1）修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语（及宾语）之后。
He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
I saw him the other day.几天前我见过他。
The match was put off because of rain.比赛因下雨而推迟。
（2）修饰谓语动词的状语有时不止一个，主要归纳为下面几种情况。
①如果有多个时间状语或地点状语，我们一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面，这和汉语的次序正好相反。
如：
We are going to meet him at the airport at two o’clock this afternoon.我们将于今天下午两点到机场迎接他。
②如果句中既有时间状语，又有地点状语，则地点状语通常放在时间状语之前。
如：
I?ll meet you at the theatre at six瞭hirty.我六点半在剧院跟你见面。
I studied English at the university for five years.我在这所大学学了5年英语。
③方式状语的位置一般放在时间、地点状语之前；如果地点状语较短，则放在地点状语之后。
如：
The lady sat down and ate greedily before others.那女子坐下，然后在众人面前狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。
Susan got there on foot yesterday.苏姗昨天步行到那里。
（3）表示频度的副词像offten, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, ever, rarely, generally, constantly等，通常要放在主动词的前面；如果谓语部分含有情态助动词、基本助动词或动词be，就要放在这些动词之后。
如：
He is always busy.他总是很忙。
I usually go to work at eight in the morning.我通常上午8点上班。
We often meet at the bus station.我们常常在公共汽车站碰面。
I shall never forget that day.我永远不会忘记那一天。
（4）不定式短语作目的状语，通常放在句末，有时为了强调也可放在句首；不定式短语作结果状语则通常放在动词后面，
如：
Most countries use these satellites to send and receive messages.大多数国家利用这些卫星发送和接收消息。
The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.英国人则会后退，以保持一定的距离。
To make this news certain, he carried out a thorough investigation after the meeting.为了证实这一消息，他会后进行了彻底的调查。
Two years later, her father disappeared, never to be heard from again.两年之后，她父亲失踪了，再也没听到他的音信。
（5）瞚ng分词短语作方式、伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词之后；作时间、原因状语等常放在句首；作结果、目的状语常位于句末。
如：
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早餐，谈论着旅行计划。
In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand.在阿拉伯国家，人们用右手手指吃饭。
Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于与别的大陆已分离了几百万年，澳大利亚有许多动植物是世界其他地方所没有的。
The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.这种鱼两分钟内就可以把一个人吃掉，只剩下骨头。
2．虚拟语气（Ⅰ）
（一）语气的定义和种类
（1）语气的定义
语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
（2）语气的种类
①陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：
We are not ready.我们没准备好。
Did it rain all day yesterday?昨天下了一天雨吗？
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
②祈使语气
表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如：
Be careful!小心!
Don’t forget to close the window.别忘了关窗。
Open the door, please.请打开门。
③虚拟语气
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：
I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。
I wish you could go with me.但愿你能同我们一起去。
May you succeed!祝您成功!
（二）虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：If it doesn?t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如：
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果
If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.
要是我是你，我就会（可能）对他说实话。
If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t (couldn’t) have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能考试不及格）。
If I had had the money last week, I should (would, could, might) have bought a car.
如果上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。
She would(could,might) have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game.
如果她比赛赢了，她就会(可能)给你打电话。
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(could,might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会(可能会)见到那个著名的歌唱家。
(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would, could, might) go to see my grandmother.
如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。
If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
If it should rain, the crops would(could, might) be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)得救。
（4）主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况
有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.
如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了。
①省略连词if
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个 词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如：
Should he come(If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。
Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.如果他细心些，这些错误本来是可以避免的。
在虚拟条件句中，省略连词的倒装形式，其句首不能用助动词的缩略否定式。如我们可以说：
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Paris. 但不能说： Weren’t it for the expense,I would go to Paris.
②用介词短语代替条件状语从句
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。
如：
Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.
如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn?t have done it.
要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. )我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)
I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.(If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。（如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……）
（5）省去条件从句或主句
表示虚拟敢的主名或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。（省去了“If you had wanted to”）（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
②省去主句（常用以表示愿望）
If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！（事实是：祖母已不在世。）
If only she had not left!如果她没走就好了!（事实是：她已经走了。）
If only the wind would stop!风要是停了该多好!（事实是：风停的可能性很小。）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on
[解析] A 本题考查with+宾语+宾语补足语构成的复合结构，区分非谓语动词作宾补的区别，准确把握句子结构是解题关键，B不符语法，C表已做，D表还未做，A表正进行。
[考例2] ----Will $200 _________?
----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A．count B． satisfy C．fit D．do
[解析] D 本题考查动词词义辨析。count数数，satisfy使满足，fit合适，do意为“可行，行”。故选择do。
[考例3] Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A．when B．while C．since D．once
[解析] A 本题考查连词用法，稍加分析题干便知，主句动作与从句动作哪个在先，最后不难判断应该选when，相当于at that time,“这时”或“就在这里”。
[考例4] In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ______ in personality.
A．contact B．contrast C．connection D．conflict
[解析] D 本题考查词义辨析。contact接触，联系，交际，交往；contrast对比，对照；connection联系，关系；conflict争论，冲突，抵触，斗争。根据题意应选D项。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．He set high ____ __(规范) of behavior for his pupils.
2．We should have a good ____ __(问心无愧).
3．The teahcer c___ ___ his hands to make the pupils quiet.
4．The president _ ____(亲自) answered her letter.
5．One of his ____ __(抱负) is to study abroad.
6．What is his real ____ __(动机)？
7．Mr. Chen i ___ ___ us in maths.
8．Where did you study last a____ __ year.
9．The new law will come into o___ ___ next month.
10．He has made a speech a__ ____ to the occasion.
二、单项选择
1．All the parts of these washing machines are ______, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A．normalized B．modernized C． mechanized D．standardized
2．The trade agreement helped to strengthen the ______ between the two countries.
A．dependence B．derivation C．bond D． bearing
3．Though her father did not like the young man, she married him ______.
A． anybody B． anyhow C． anyone D．anywhere
4．Mary is ______ a translation of a French novel.
A．engaged with B．busy in C．absorbed to D．occupied with
5．This ticket ______ one person to the show.
A． promises B．enters C．admits D． includes
6．Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he ______ his opinion.
A．stuck at B．strove for C．stuck to D．stood for
7．I ______ their method of making the machine.
A．adopted B．voted C．elected D． commended
8．Once a decision has been made, all of us should _______ it.
A．direct to B．stick to C．lead to D．refer to
9．If people keep polluting the rivers, no fish there will survive ______.
A．at all cost B．for a long while C． in the long run D． by no means
10．It was only with the help of the local guide _______.
A．we the mountain climber rescued
B．that the mountain climber was rescued
C．when the mountain climber was rescued
D．then the mountain climber was rescued
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Central Park
Outside among the trees, watch the wildlife both the human and animal varieties. Call （212）360-3465 or (212)360-2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from “59th to 110th” Sts, and from “5th Ave. to Central Park West.”
Empire State Building
This is among the most striking buildings in the city, the nation, even the world. The observation deck (瞭望台) on the 86th floor is open to the general public, offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor you?ll find the New York Skyride, a simulated (模拟的) helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. Midtown/ (212)736-3100.
Intrepid Sea睞ir睸pace Museum
Five blocks west of Time Square, this museum has hundreds of air, deep瞫ea and space exhibits. Walk the flight deck of the 900瞗oot瞝ong aircraft carrier Intrepid, see dozens of old and modern aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86. W. “46th St. and 12th” Ave./(212)245-0072.
Madison Square Garden
If it?s big, it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events, concerts and much more. Tours are available.“ 7th Ave. btwn. 31th” and 33th Sts, Midtown/(212)465-6741.
1．The New York Sky ride is for______ .
A．sightseeing B．flight training
C．model plane sports D． city transportation
2．If a visitor is interested in music, he will probably go to ______ .
A． Central Park B． Empire State Building
C．Intrepid Sea Air Space Museum D．Madison Square Garden
3．What is the purpose of these texts?
A．To provide information of living in New York.
B．To provide directions of city traffic in New York.
C．To give visitors a guide to New York.
D．To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.
参考答案
高三部分
Units 7~8 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．standards 2．conscience 3．clapped 4．personally 5．ambition 6．motivation
7．instructs 8．academic 9．operation 10．appropriate
二、1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1．A
2．D根据文章最后材料。
3．C为的是向来到纽约城市的人们介绍这座城市。
篇5：高三英语Unit4-6教案(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
Reading:
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name
Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.
Pre-reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?
His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.
While-reading
Fast reading
How many people are mentioned in the passage?
Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook
Careful reading
1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D
A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine
2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C
A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon
3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A
A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander
4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C
A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups
C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species
5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C
A．one B．Two C．Three D.four
Post-reading
1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?
To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?
Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.
4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?
When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
Integrating skills
Scanning
Find out the important people mentioned in the text.
Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria
Gote Turesson From Sweden
Choose the best answers according to the passage
1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C
A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B
A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds
C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds
3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C
A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space
4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D
A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment
B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand
C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment
D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .
5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B
A．he was invited to join scientific expedition
B．he was interested in them
C．he could do a lot Of experiments
D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”
Fill in the following blanks
Scientist
Research/experiment
Result
Charles Darwin
The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses
There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
Gregor Mendel
Flowers and peas
Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.
Gote Turesson
A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast
Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.
The text can be divided into four parts
Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.
Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.
Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study
Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.
Important sentences in the passage
1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.
4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
Translate the following phrases into English:
详细地 in detail 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of
由……负责 in the charge of 任命某人为……appoint sb. as
将……分类成classify…into… 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between…
一代一代传下去pass on from one generation to the next 建于…；以…为基础be based on
参与; 陷入 ……的活动be involved in 根据;视……而定；按照according to
搜索；寻找 search for 总而言之 altogether
match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配
at the age of 在……岁时 look out for 警惕;留心;守侯
on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地 year after year 年年;年复一年
pass away 逝世 name…after 给……取名;命名
take care of 关心;照顾 classify…into 分类;归类
develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友 born into 出生
have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲 a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)
lie in 在于 related to 与……有关
the key to 关键是(在于) adapt to 适应于
be sunken into 堕入 a bunch of flowers
at first sight lead a cosy life
make two more voyages be involved in
lead sb. to do sth. calculate the distance between
pass on from on generation to the next form the belief
in view adapt to the new environment
Unit 5 Getting the message
Reading:
Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart
Items
Ad 1
Ad 2
Ad 3
The products they persuade you to buy
Advanced electronic roducts
Shampoo
Soft drinks
How to persuade
By using abstract design, slogan and pictures
By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products
By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products
The message each ad gives
High quality,
Help customers to succeed
Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers
Help athletes to refresh themselves.
How is the information conveyed
Pictures, slogan, spokesman
Products,slogan, pictures
Pictures,slogan, products
Words related to advertising
advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to
Pre-reading
Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students
Advantages Disadvantages
Provide information Mislead customers
Increase sales Give false or incorrect information
Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products
…
1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477
3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920
4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2
Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph
Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere
Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.
Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.
Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.
Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.
Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.
Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.
Answer the following questions
Fast reading
1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P2
2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3
3.What is the most important function of ads? P5
4.what’s the advantage of good ads? P8
Careful reading
1.Why is advertising popular?
2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?
3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?
4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?
5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?
6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?
Choose the best answers:
1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D
A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios
C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.
2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A
A increase product sales B make a product more expensive
C increase production D reduce the costs of a product
3.Advertising is a highly developed . B
A information B industry C trade D science
4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B
A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place
5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C
A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.
C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.
6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C
A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by
8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A
A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others
B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying
D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying
9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B
A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders
10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D
A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A
A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often
C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads
12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A
A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures
C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers
13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C
A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production
C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive
14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C
A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.
B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.
C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.
15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C
A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.
C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.
16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C
A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads
C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads
T or F
1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )
2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )
3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )
4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )
5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )
6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )
7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )
Difficult sentences
1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.
2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.
4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.
Integrating skills
Fill in the blanks for the revision
Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.
People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers
make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.
Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware
of their social problems and policies.
Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.
II Lead-in
1 what product do they persuade you to buy?
2 what information about product can you get?
3 How is the information conveyed?
4 What are the skills of making good ads?
III Reading
1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?
2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?
3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?
4 How are the ads presented ?
How to create a positive image of the product
Choose the words and brand names A good slogan
1 tell the consumer about 1 should be catchy
the advantages of the product 2 easy to remember
2 choose a funny name 3 convey a message
3 use a well-known word
4 choose names from old stories
5 invent a new word
Ads are started with a puzzle or question
And presented in a humorous way
in order to 为的是;目的在于 take …into consideration 考虑某事物
compare…with…把……与……比较(对比) complain about 对某人与某物抱怨
in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位 hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的
with the develop of 随着……发展 on the other hand 另一方面
get… across 传播或为人理解 instead of 代替(后面接名词代词动名词或介词短语)
appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿) armed with用…… 做准备;备有
make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到 keep an eye out for留心或注意到某人或某事物
protect…from… 防护而不受 at the right time 在恰当的时候
point out to (向某人)指出;使注意 make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通
accuse…of… 指责;控告 attach to 系;贴;固定;附着
differ from 不同于 attach importance to 给予重视
start with 以 开始 with the purpose of 以 为目的
point out 指出 refer to 指/参考
think twice 慎重考虑 large amounts of money
make good choices out of ten
take a critical attitude towards advertisements with the purpose of
a series of at a loss
profit by / from
Unit 6
Reading
Lead-in and Pre-reading
1． Who the Native Americans were? Where did they live and what do you know about their life?
The Native Americans were the Indian. They lived in the vast land of West America and their life was simple and hard. They hunt for food and rode on horses.
2. History counts many cases in which settlers moved into areas that belonged to other people. Can you give some examples? What happened?
The American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia, and the second from Europe and Africa. The first movement began probably 25, 000 years ago when Siberian tribes, in search of new hunting grounds or of refuge from pursuing enemies, crossed over the Bering Strait to Alaska. By 1492, over 10-20 million people, mistakenly called Indians by Christopher Columbus, inhabited the Americans. They developed their own aboriginal cultures, which ranged from the simple to the complex, from those of the primitive tribes to the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. The second migration to the Americas began with the expansion of Europe at the start of the modern period from the 16th century.
3. The new settlements in America soon became known as the Wild West. Why?
Because the western states of the US during the years were settled by the first Europeans. There was not much respect for the law there.
Read the text then answer some questions.
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4．What does “account” in the first line means?
The “account” here means description. For example, “She gave the police a full account of the incident.”
5. In paragraph two, the author mentioned Indian Greek. Where was it and was it very important?
It was in Kansas. It was the frontier at that time and also the meeting place for people moving to the west.
6. Do you know what difficulties they ran into during the journey?
They entered the desert and lost their way, and didn’t have enough water to drink. Their animals died from lack of water.
7. According to the fourth paragraph, why do people call the desert Death Valley?
People showed coldness and were not willing to help others in trouble. They abandoned everything they could. Valley is in chaos and full of dead animals. Therefore, we called it Death Valley.
8. Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
9. What is the theme of this passage?
If you make unremitting efforts, you will achieve your goals. Don’t give up before difficulties.
Listening
Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.
Post-reading
Exercise1. True or False
1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
2．When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
3. When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
Passage analysis
1. What the writing techniques of this text are?
A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.
B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.
C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero’s optimism about the life that he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West.
2. What is the writing style of the text?
The text is a narrative writing, which related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. The text, which uses the first person to relate the hero’s true experiences, gives us a vivid description.
3.What is the main idea of the text?
The text related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moving to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. When they came across the problems, they didn’t escape them. However, they faced reality and solved the problems. They insisted on and made unremitting efforts, so they made their dream come true. Moreover, An iron pestle can be ground down to a needle - perseverance will prevail.
4. What’s the purpose of the writer?
The writer wanted to tell us “When one comes across the problems, one shouldn’t escape them. However, he should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as he overcomes the difficulties and never gives up, he will achieve his goals and succeed. Moreover, he has dreams in his heart. As long as he insists on and makes unremitting efforts, I believe he will make his dreams come true some day. In fact, life itself is a battle. Natural environment and nature are your enemies. If you defeat them, you can live in the world, or it is death that is waiting for you.”
5. What can we learn from this text?
We learned that during our lifetime, we may run into many difficulties. When we come across the problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead, we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. Moreover, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist on and make unremitting efforts, we will make our dreams come true one day.
Integrating skills
Lead-in
What did he describe in the novel The Call of Wild by Jack London? And where did the story happen?
This story happened in Alaska, a far and cold land. It described the life of a dog named Buck as well as other dogs’ encounter.
Reading
1. Who do you think the three persons are? What are they talking about?
I think Mr. Rivers is the host of a program. I guess Mr. Parks is a historian or something else. Ms. Welch is the granddaughter of Dr Welch. And Dr Welch was a doctor of a small city called Nome.
2. Where did the story happen? And what happened to the children?
The story happened in a small city called Nome. Some children in the city had a terrible disease and they would die if they couldn’t get enough vaccine.
3. Where could they get the vaccine that would save the children?
A hospital in Anchorage had a good supply of vaccine. It was far away from Nome.
4. What difficulties did they meet on the way and how did they overcome them?
They faced many difficulties. First, the time was limited. The children would die if their treatment was delayed too long. Second, at that time, the sea was frozen and the only two planes had been stored, nothing got to Nome quickly. Third, The Arctic winter was very cold and there were terrible storms.
Difficulties with the medicine delivery
Their attitudes and solutions
Traffic problems: The sea frozen; the only two planes stored; no quick traffic
A train took the medicine from Anchorage to Nenana; A relay of dog teams between Nenana and Nome
Snow storms and low temperature
Kept going without stop
Time limitation
Covered almost 700 miles in little more than 127 hours
Post-reading
Questions on P53 and P54.
Suggested answers:
1. Flu and diphtheria
2. As we all know, SARS spread through the world in . SARS is short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
3. Dr Welch could save the children if he could get enough vaccine as quickly as possible.
4. Relay is an act of passing something along from one person, group, or station to another. We have relay race in sports, and torch relay.
5. A relay of dog sleds was chosen as the best transportation because in 1925, nothing got to Nome quickly, the sea was frozen, and the only two planes had been stored.
Phrases
believe in 信任;信耐 stand for 代表;代替
adapt to 适宜 lose heart 灰心;泄气
be cast away (被)抛弃 give up 放弃
less than 少于;不足 set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
move on 继续前进 take the way 出发;首途
lose one’s way 迷路 hang out 伸出
in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候) on our feet=on foot 步行
be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于 suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
start doing sth. 开始做某事 go on all fours 用四肢
(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘 stare at 瞪视; 凝视
come to an end 结束;终止 a race against time 与时间赛跑
save…from 挽救……免于 take up to 占用(时间;空间)
at stake 在危险中;关系重大 risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事
apply…to… 运用;应用 add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
take it easy 别紧张;放松点 keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
common sense 常识;情理 leave behind 忘带;留下
live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存 tie up 系;拴;捆
go for 为……去;努力获取 be more of a leader than a follower
be honest with by day / by night
pass through be on one’s feet
be accustomed to in anxiety of
reach the promised land come to an end
a relay of dog teams take up to 13 days
篇6：人教版 高三语复习教案（SBⅠ-Units 7-8）
高三英语复习教案（SBⅠ-Units 7-8）
单元考点提示
1. 词汇:
point, line, hit , shake, kitchen, forever, scientist, movement, for a while, fall off , cut off, stay up, a large number of , a bit, at the time of , sound like, feel the floor move, on the morning of April 18th, as strong as possible, soup, coffee, bowl, offer, corn,
discover, room, ship, fresh, cheese, ever before/ever since, just a little, ice cream, a bottle of…，just now, help yourself to…, all kinds of , in the 7th century, take turns, be crowded(with), do/try one’s best, move into…，be made into paper, in many different ways, both…and…
2. 句型
(1)watch sb. do sth.
(2)…times as +adj. /adv. + as…
(3)It is +n. /adj. +(for/of sb. )to do sth
(4)I’ll teach you if you like
(5)What a delicious supper!
(6)…need as much water as rice.
(7)In many parts of the world, corn is made into powder
3. 交际用语：
(1)Were you in…at the time of…
(2)Sure I was
(3)I’ll never forget that.
(4)What was it like?
(5)Very strange.
(6)It sounded like. . .
(7)What happened next?
(8)Would you like?
(9)How about some more. . .
(10)Just a little, please.
(11)No, thanks, I’ve had enough.
(12)I’m full, thank you.
(13)Help yourself to. . .
(14)Let me give you. . .
(15)There’s plenty(of it)
考点精析与拓展
1. above, over, on
三个词都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触；over表示在某物体垂直的上方，含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意，与under 相对；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，与below相对。注意：与数字、数量、长度词连用时，多用over, 同more than。如：over10, 000people一万多人；表示年龄、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十开外的人；above zero零度以上。
习惯用语：well above average远在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一个；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那边； all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[应用]介词填空
①There lay an umbrella _______the table and some raincoats
_____it.
②The mother held an umbrella ______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying ____the city.
④The moon was ______the trees in the east.
Key:①on, under ②over ③over ④above
2. afraid
1)“be afraid of+名词”，意为“害怕”。
2）“be afraid of doing sth”意为“担心，害怕……”。
3）“be afraid for…”意为“为……担心。”
4）“be afraid that…”意为“担心，恐怕”。
5）“be afraid to do ”意为“害怕，担心而不敢做某事”。
6）I’m afraid so/not. 恐怕是这样/恐怕不会这样
[应用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。
Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。
He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不为自己的安全担心吗？
Are you afraid _______your safety?
④恐怕她会迷路。
I am _____ _____she will lose her way.
⑤汤姆把钱丢了，也不敢告诉他母亲。
Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid, of ②of, breaking ③for ④afraid, that ⑤to tell
3. cut短语归纳
1）用作动词：
get one’s hair cut理发；cut a loaf of bread in two 把一块面包一切为二；cut a figure in stone 雕刻石像；cut the price 降价；cut the article 删节文章；cut down trees 伐树；cut down on smoking减少吸烟；cut in 插嘴，插入，cut in with a few words插嘴讲几句话；cut off a corner切掉一角；cut off electricity切断电源；cut off three sentences删去三个句子；cut out切掉，删掉;cut out the last part of the play把剧本的最后一部分删掉；cut…open切开。
2) 用作名词：the cuts on one’s arms 臂上的伤口：make big cuts削减，降价
[应用]介、副词填空
①Big cuts have been made ____the prices of medicine.
②The strong wind cut _____the electricity of the whole city.
③The chairman spoke so fast that nobody could cut____.
④All the trees were cut _____. They will have to answer for their foolish action
Key:①in ②off ③in ④down
4. fall短语归纳
fall from a tree从树上掉下来；fall off a table从桌子上落下；
fall out of bed 从床上跌下来；fall asleep入睡；fall ill病倒；fall behind落后；fall in love with sb. 爱上某人；fall to pieces倒塌，垮台，崩溃，解体；fall into the water跌进水中；fall down 倒下；fall onto the ground掉（倒）在地上；have many falls 跌下许多跤；in the fall在秋季。
[应用]完成句子
①那个孩子从墙上掉下来伤着了右腿。
The boy____ ____the wall and hurt his right leg.
②他不想在学习上落后于别人。
He didn’t want to _____ ____others in his studies.
Key:①fell, off ②fall, behind
5. as…as
as many as 和……一样多/多达；as much as 和……一样多/多达（注意：many指可数的量，much 指不可数词的量）；as high as 和……一样高/高达；as thick as 和……一样厚/厚达；as long as 一样长/长达;as deep as 一样深/深达；as early as 一样早/早在……时候，如：
We have as many books as they. 我们的书和他们的一样多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. 大火烧毁的大楼多达20座。
[应用]汉译英
①新桥与旧桥一样长。/这种鱼可长到长达15英尺。
②这座山和远处的另一座一样高。/这座山高达4000米。
Key:
①The new bridge is as long as the old one. /The kind
of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.
②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance. /This mountain is as high as 4, 000 metres.
6. 倍数的表示法
1）…times as…as“……是……的几倍”；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。
2）…times +形容词/副词比较级+that:
The new building is four times higher than the old one.
新楼比旧楼高4倍。
3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月亮大小的49倍。
The ball is twice the width of our classroom.
舞厅是我们教室宽度的2倍。
4）…times+what从句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的生产是前的3倍。
[应用]选择正确答案
①After the new technique was introduced, the factory
produced _____tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET’90)
A．as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
②The population of China is _____than that of America.
A. larger five times B. five times larger
C. five times as D. as five times
Key:①C ②B
7．形容词、副词各等级的修饰语
1）修饰原级的词：very, so, too, quite, rather, fairly, pretty.
2)修饰比较级的词：a little, a bit, slightly, any, much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, even, still, yet等。
3）修饰最高级的词：by far, much , almost , the second等。
注意：基数词、分数、百分数也可修饰比较等级。
[应用]完成句子
①恐怕箱子对你来说太重了，不过还是要谢谢你。
I’m afraid the box is ______heavy _____you, but thank you all the same. (MET’90)
②我的房间比你们的稍大一点。
Our room is ____ ____ than theirs.
③我比你早到三个小时。
I came here______ _____ _____ than you.
④黄河是中国第二长河。
The Yellow River is_____ _____ _____river in China.
Key：①too, for ②slightly, bigger ③three, hours, earlier④the, second, longest
8. join, join in, take part in , attend
1)join 表示“加入党派，组织、社团、俱乐部”等。
如：join the Party/Youth League/army/club/organization入党/入团/参军/加入俱乐部/加入组织。
2)join in 表示“参加正在进行的活动”。如 ：join in a game /discussion/conversation/walk/
talk参加游戏/讨论/谈话/一起散步/一起讨论。亦可说：join sb. in (doing)sth. 表示“加入某人一起做某事”。
3)take part in 表示“参加会议、活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词。如:take (an active)part in a party/school activities/physical labour(积极)参加聚会/学校活动/体力劳动。
4)attend 表示“出席、参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告”。如：attend a meeting/a sports meeting/a concer /a show/school/a lecture参加会议/运动会/出席音乐会/出席展览会/上学/听演讲。 [应用]完成句子
①我哥哥参军2年了。
It’s two years since my brother _______the army.
②我的朋友和我一起祝你生日快乐。
All my friends_______ ________ ________ wishing you a
happy birthday.
③今晚有一个聚会，你参加吗？
There will be a party this evening. Are you going to
_______ _________ _______ it?
④迈克没有参加莉莉的婚礼。
Mike didn’t ______ Lily’s wedding.
Key:①joined ②join，me, in③take, part, in ④attend
9. at表示速度、价格、利率
at a high/low price以高价/;低价；at 40 miles an hour 以每小时40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。
[应用]完成句子
①公司决定以较低的价格将这批电视卖掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets ______ ______ ___
---- 。
②火车正以每小时150英里的速度前进。
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .
Key:①at, a, low, price
②at, a, speed, of
10. 动词 + off短语
fly off 飞走；go off 离开；take off 脱下，起飞；run off 跑开；fall off 掉下；turn off 关上；get off 下来；drive off 驶离；hurry off 匆忙离开；keep off 离开，勿靠近；pay off 还清（债）put off 推迟；send off驱逐；set off 出发，动身；throw off 扔掉，匆忙脱衣；ring off 挂断电话；
[应用]完成句子
①此处很危险，让孩子们离开。
It’s dangerous here. ______ ______ the children.
②火车刚到，一大群人正在下车。
The train has just come in, with crowds of people______
_______it.
Key:①keep , off ②getting, off
11. quite, rather与名词连用时冠词的位置
quite, rather表示“相当”意义与名词连用时，a/an可放在之前，亦可之后；但the 必须置于它们的前面。如:quite a big house/a quite big house相当大的一套房子。如：a quite easy problem/quite an easy problem相当容易的一个问题；a rather good player /rather a good player相当不错的一名运动员；the rather/quite tall tree 那棵相当高的树。
[应用]完成句子
①今天相当冷。
It’s _____ _____ cold day today.
②他是个相当不错的艺术家。
He is ______ ______ _______artist.
Key: ①rather, a ②quite, a , good
12. discover
discover sth. 发现某物；discover oneself暴露自己的身份；discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事;discover sb. /sth. to be…发现某人（物）……；discover + that 从句发现……常用搭配：discover one’s mistake/an island/the truth发现自己的错误/一座岛/事实的真相
[应用]完成句子
①我们发现他是一位出色的舞蹈家。
We ______her ______ _____ a good dancer. /We _____ that
_______ _______a good dancer.
②有人发现她在偷东西。
Someone ______ ______ ______ things. /Someone discovered that
______ ______stealing things.
Key:
①discovered，to, be/discovered, she, was
②discovered, her, stealing/she, was
13. room, space
room, space都可以用作不可数名词，表示“空间，余地”。另外，room
有“房间”之意，可数；space有“太空”之意，不可数。常用短语：live a room 5住在5号房间；three rooms三个房间；take up much room占很多空间；standing room 立足之地；in space 在太空
[应用]单句改错
①There is much rooms for improvement in our work.
②There isn’t enough spaces in this classroom for 30 desks.
③The universe exists in the space, as we all know.
Key: ①改rooms为room
②改spaces为space
③去掉space前的the
14. crowd
crowd 可用作名词，表示“人群，群”；用作动词，表示“群集，拥挤”。如:
a crowd of children一群孩子；crowds of books 成堆的书；a cheering crowd 欢呼的人群；crowd into 挤进；crowd in 拥入；crowd round围在……的周围；a crowded city/train拥挤的城市/火车；be crowded with 挤满、塞满
[应用]汉译英
①很多村民从大门拥入，院子里很挤。
②大厅里挤满了学生。
Key:
①Many villagers crowded in through the gate and the yard was
crowded.
②The hall was crowded with students.
15. prepare
prepare a plan/cards/a meal/one’s lessons 准备一个计划/卡片/一顿饭/备课；prepare sb. sth. /prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物；prepare to do sth. 准备做某事；prepare sb. for使某人对……进行准备；make preparations for 为做准备：
辩析：
①prepare one’s lessons(指教师)备课；prepare for one’s
lossons (指学生)准备功课
②prepare for “为……做准备”，侧重指动作；be(get)prepared
for “对某事从物质上，心理上做好了准备”是系结构，表示状态。对比：We are preparing for the final exam我们正在为期末考试做准备。/We are well prepared for the final exam. 这次期末考试我们已完全做好了准备。
[应用]完成句子
①爸爸为我们准备了一顿丰盛的午饭。
Father _______ _____ a good lunch. /Father ______ a good
lunch______ us.
②明天是儿童节。孩子们在准备去爬山。
Tomorrow is Children’s Day. The children are ______ _____
______climbing.
③我们必须让所有的人为可能的洪水做好准备。
We must_______ all the people______ the possible flood.
④外交部长对这样的问题没有思想准备。
The Foreign Minister ______ not______for such questions.
Key:
①prepared, us/prepared, for
②preparing, to , go
③prepare, for
④was, prepared
16. offer
offer sth. 提供，提出；offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to(for)sb.
为某人提供、提出;offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；offer sb. sth. for(money)卖给某人要多少钱；offer sb. (money)for sth出钱买东西
短语：offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价；make an offer of help 主动提供帮助；accept one’s offer 接受某人的建议
[应用]完成句子
①他把座位让给了老人。
He ______his seat______ the old man. /He _____the old man
His seat.
②我的同桌主动提出帮我学英语。
My deskmate _____ ______ _____ me with my English.
③有人出1万元买你的这套房子。
Someone will _____ you 10, 000 yuan______ your house.
Key:①offered, to /offered
②offered, to , help
③offer, for
经典名题导解
1. - Do you like the material?
-Yes, it_____ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
解析：此题主要考查feel一词作系动词的用法。因为空格后面是形容词，所以谓语动词要用系动词的一船现在时，而不用它的被动语态和现在进行时。故正确答案为C。
点评：诸如 feel作系动词的用法的词还有：sound, taste, smell,
look等，经常被测试。需要注意的是这些系动词不用进时和被动语态。
2．After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced_______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
解析：此题主要考查形容词中倍数的表达法。表示倍数、几分之几、百分之的单词或短语放在as(so)…as 或形容词比较级的前面。所以要填twice as many as。故答案为C。
点评：倍数的表达公式为：A is …times + adj. /adv. (比较级)+that+B或A is. . . times+as+adj. /adv. (原级)+as+B, 答题时需注意属于哪一句式。
3．Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
解析：本题主要考查不定代词的用法区别。这是一个限定性定语从句。缺少先行词。the ones 表示特指，ones 表示泛指，不能作先行词，the others 意思是“剩余的”，与定语从句的语义重复，some亦为泛指。故答案为A。
点评：不定代词one、it、ones、the ones以及other、the other(s)在英语的语言运用中极为普及，需留意它们区别。
4. - ______ you like some more bread?
-I’m full, thank you .
A. Shall B. Will C. Are D. Would
解析：本题考查“would……like sth. ”句型表示征求对方意见的用法。shall用于征询对方意见时常用于第一、三人称中，will 和would 常用于第二人称表示征求对方意见，但would语气更委婉，因此本题答案D恰当。
点评：情态动词是语法学习的一大难点，解这类题时应准确理解语意，把握语境。
5. Thank you very much for _______ you have done for my sister.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
解析：本题考查宾语从句在复合句中的用法。这是一个复合句，其中，you have done for my sister这个句子是作介词for的宾语，因此这是一个宾语从句，而从句中done是个及物动词，其后缺少了宾语。故答案选D。
点评：解复合句时，首先应分析句子结构，弄清句子结构后，根据不同的从句选用正确的连接词。
e. g. I don’t know where I can buy this map.
6. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
- ________.
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
D. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
解析：本题考查日常口语的使用。题中用could 是请求对方帮忙或同意自己做某事时婉转的用法。因此本题问话简略答语可以是“Yes, you can”而不是B项“Yes , you could”，而A项不能省略代词it. D项意为“用吧”。故答案选 C恰当。意为“自己取用”。
点评：对于一些语意相近的答语应认真分析，逐一排除。
篇7：高一英语学案Units 7-8 (B1)(人教版高一英语教案教学设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．like的用法小结：
like既可以作动词又可以作介词，表达不同的意思，但是在使用中，总是出错。请注意以下提示：
（1）like：作介词使用，意思是“如同，像，和…一样；例如，诸如”。
例如：
I wish I could sing like her. 我希望能像她那样唱歌。
Mary's dress is red, like mine. 玛丽的衣服是红色的，和我的一样。
There are several people interested, like Mr Jones and Mr Simpson.
许多人很有兴趣，诸如琼斯先生和辛普森先生。
注意介词like构成的词组：
feel like：想要
look like：似乎，好像
（2）like作为动词，常作及物动词使用。意思是“喜欢；爱好；希望；想 ”
例如：
I like bananas. 我喜欢香蕉。
Do you like your teacher? 你喜欢你们的老师吗？
I'd like to see you. 我想见到你。
（3）那么，在使用过程中如何判断like是作介词还是动词呢？
Like如果作谓语动词，就会随着主语的人称、数、格发生变化，还会有时态变化；如果是介词，则无此变化。另外在做题时还要注意like在句子中的具体意思。
2．seem用法小结：
（1）seem后可以接形容词、名词、不定式、分词或介词短语等作表语。
例如：
He seemed quite angry at you. 他好象对你生气了。
Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for the drunk.
连公牛似乎也很为这醉汉感到遗憾。
Danger seems to attend everything they have tried.
他们所尝试做的每件事似乎都带有危险性。
He seemed excited. 他好象很激动。
（2）seem后接to be结构时，有时会省略掉to be。
例如：
The headmaster seems to be a fixture in the school for quite a long period.
校长似乎固定在这个学校工作很长一段时间了。
Yesterday I met a man who seemed (t0 be) the famous actor.
昨天我遇到一个人，他好象是那个有名的演员。
（3）seem后接that或者as if从句。有时that和as if可以省略。
例如：
“At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.”
“当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。”
It seems to me that you are right. 我认为你是对的。
It seems to me that there is something funny about the case.
在我看来这件案子有点奇怪。
（4）句型：There seems/seemed (to be)…
There seems to be something wrong with your recorder.
你的录音机好象出问题了/坏了。
There seems to be a man over there in the darkness.
那边好象有个人站在黑暗中。
3．suggest的用法：
（1）suggest表示“提议；提出；建议”的意思，后面常接动词-ing形式，不能接不定式;接that从句时，常用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形，其中，should可以省略。
例如：
She suggested going there by train. 她建议坐火车去那里。
She suggested that we (should) go there by train.
她建议我们坐火车去那里。
I suggested that we (should) do it like this. 我建议这样做。
（2）suggest还可以表示“暗示；显出”的意思。后面接that从句时，用陈述语气。
例如：
The smile on the boy’s face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland. 这个男孩脸上的微笑暗示出他很高兴为自己的祖国献出了生命。
When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head. 当我暗示说,这准是某些村民进来偷喝掉的,汤普森先生摇摇头。
二、词义辨析
1．seem, look 与appear的区别：
seem, look, appear这三个词一般用作半系动词，都可以汉译作“似乎”或“看上去”。
（1）seem所表示的“似乎”或“看来”是以客观的迹象为依据的。
例如：
A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一位飞行员看到一个气球，好象要飞向附近的英国空军基地。
It seemed certain that this would win the prize.
这一块要得奖似乎是毫无疑问的了。
（2）look所表示的“看来”是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。例如：
He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.
他看上去脸色苍白，一身衣服弄得一塌糊涂。
My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.
我的妻子戴着一顶看起来好象一座灯塔的帽子。
（3）appear与上两个词的含义似乎没有多大差异，但是如果要表示某种判断是由被歪曲了的印象而得出的，或者是表示“表面似乎如此，而事实不是如此”的意思时，最好用appear。
例如：
Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water.
两个月的婴儿并不显得不肯下水。
The actress is thirty-five years old, but she appears a lot younger.
那个女演员三十五岁了，但是她看上去年轻得多。
2．give up, give in, give out的区别：
（1）give in to somebody/something表示“向某人/某物屈服、让步；投降”。后面不能直接接名词，属于不及物动词的范畴。
例如：
He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。
He has given in to my idea. 他已经顺从了我的想法。
（2）give up: 后面接名词或者动词-ing形式，属于及物动词的范畴，意思是“放弃”。例如：
He gave up his position as then general manager. 他辞去了总经理的职位。
He had a hard time giving up smoking. 他戒烟很辛苦的。
（3）give out: 表示“分发；用完，用尽”的意思。
例如：
You are required to give out the pamphlets
要求你分发这些小册子。
Give the money out to the children.
把钱分给孩子们。
Our food supply gave out at last.
我们的食物终于用完了。
His strength gave out(= run out). = He ran out of strength.=He was worn out.=He was tired out.他已精疲力竭。
三、重点句型
1．What do you think we can do to protect our cultural relics?
此句中的do you think为插入语。句子的疑问语序由它体现，而其它成分用陈述语序。做单项填空题时要注意这个现象。
2．Where there is a river, there is a city.
And we should build a website where people can look at the pictures and paintings.
这两句都含有where引导的从句。第一句为where引导地点状语从句，第二句为where引导一个定语从句。在where引导定语从句时，其前面往往有一个表示地点的词作先行 词，此句中的website即先行词。
再如：
We should be sent where we are most needed. (where引导地点状语从句)
We should be sent to the place where we are most needed. （where引导定语从句）
应该派我们到最需要的地方去。
3．Ronaldo has done more than just playing football.
Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed.
这两句都包含有more than just结构。此处的意思是“不仅…，不止…”。
再如：
He did more than just helping us out, he also gave us a lot of money to set up a new school for poor children.
他不只是帮助我们摆脱了困境，而且还给了我们一大笔钱为穷孩子建了一所新学校。
They were more than willing to help you. 他们非常乐意帮助你。
Some of the stories were really more than could be believed.
有些故事实在令人难以相信。
四、语法复习
英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
被动语态的注意事项：
（1）若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词往往是感官动词。如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等等。
例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground.
（2）带有情态动词的被动语态：即：情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
例如：
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
煤炭可以用来为工农业生产发电。
（3）短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
例如：
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. （注意up）
这是我的家乡刚刚建设的一座发电站的照片。
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. （注意of）
我妹妹将由我奶奶照顾。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. （注意of）
过去从未听说过这样的事情。
（4）由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, announce, suppose, think, understand等动词构成的被动结构：
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
已经宣布我们的飞行员已经安全归来。
（5）不及物动词或动词短语如：appear, die, disappear, lost heart, come true, fall asleep, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, keep silence, take place. 无被动语态。要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
试比较下列句子：
（错） The price has been risen. （不及物）
（对） The price has risen.
（错） The accident was happened last week. （不及物）
（对） The accident happened last week.
（6） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands
with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to。
例如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙就是开这把锁的。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事与（我们）已经听到的说法是一致的。
（7） 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste,
turn。
例如：
It sounds good. 听起来声音不错。
It tastes delicious. 尝起来很香。
（8） 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life, smile。
例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 昨天晚上她做了一个噩梦。
He died a heroic death. 他死得很英勇。
（9） 动词wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive… 用主动形式表示被动：
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
（10） 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood：使别人能听见 / 理解自己have something done ： 要别人做某事
She spoke at the top of her voice to make herself heard.
她扯着嗓子喊叫，目的是让别人听到她的话。
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 考察地点状语从句。
[考例1] There were marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
[解析] A which和that引导定语从句，故排除；when引导时间状语从句，与句子的意思不符，应该用where引导地点状语从句，本题的意思是“她的裤子上她檫过手的地方有脏痕”。
[拓展] 要注意where不仅可以引导地点状语从句，还可以引导定语从句。这时，where前面往往有一个表示地点的名词。
例如：
They have never gone to the place where we intended to meet before.
[考点] 考查被动语态。
[考例2] Many man-made satellites __________ space by China over the past five years.
A．was been sent up B．was sent for
C．have been sent up into D．has sent into
[解析] C 根据句子结构看应该使用被动语态，因而排除D项；表示“发射升空”用send up into…。sent up“发射”，其后不能接名词，send for意思是“派人去请”，与句子的意思不相符合。
[考点] 考查固定搭配的用法。
[考例3] --I’m going to see the victim’s brother.
--I’d rather you __________.
A．didn’t B．have not C．don’t D．do
[解析] A 第一个人所使用的时态为将来时，表示将来的打算。但是第二个人用的是固定句型：I would rather somebody did something. 所以只能选A项。
[拓展] 另外注意句型Somebody would rather do something than do something 。两个动词都用原形。
例如：
I would rather do some work than stay home every day.
[考点] 考查时态和语态。
[考例4] The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________ by .
A．has been completed B．has completed
C．will have been completed D．will have completed
[解析] C 首先，此句的construction work 与complete是动宾关系，construction work作从句的主语，所以应该使用被动语态。再由 by 2006可以知道，该动作现在尚未完成，所以用将来完成时态。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．After the earthquake, it is very difficult to r_____________ the buildings and other things.
2．Columbus said that he had discovered the new c_____________.
3．The earthquake d__________ several buildings.
4．The o___________ language of Japan is Japanese.
5．As more and more cars entered people’s homes, p_______ is becoming more and more serious.
6．These two countries have different__________(文化).
7．He had _____________（包括）a large number of funny stories in the speech.
8．Will you help me ___________(准备)for the get-together of the old classmates?
9．We not only communicate with words, but also with ___________(手势).
10．Can you find our _________(位置) on this map?
二、单项填空：
1．--Smoking is bad for your health.
--Yes, I know. But I simply can’t __________.
A．give it up B．give it in C．give it out D．give it away
2．--The window is dirty.
--I know. It ________ for weeks.
A．hasn’t cleaned B．didn’t clean
C．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned
3．To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air.
A．as B．to C．than D．while
4．His behavior at the party last night seemed rather out of _____. Many of us were quite surprised.
A．practice B．place C．polite D．pity
5．–What can I do for you?
--I’d like to borrow a science book, _________ that is simple and written in English.
A．which B．one C．but D．all
6．_______ the poor, Tom himself has been living a very simple life.
A．Devoted to help B．Devoting to helping
C．Devoted to helping D．Devoting to help
7．--Do you like Nack?
--Yes, Nack is good, kind, hardworking and intelligent; ______, I can’t speak too highly of him.
A． as a result B．in a word C．by the way D．on the contrary
8．--What’s the matter with you?
--Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I __________ so much fried fish just now.
A．shouldn’t eat B．mustn’t have eaten
C．shouldn’t have eaten D．mustn’t eat
9．He lives in a big house whose windows ___ over an avenue with trees and flowers on both sides.
A．look into B．look up C．look out D．look on
10．He became a millionaire at last, _________ himself the richest one in his family.
A．to make B．making C．made D．to be made
【能力拓展】
阅读理解：
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
1．Open education allows the students to__________.
A．grow as the educated B．be responsible for their future
C．develop their own interests D．discover subjects outside class
2．Open education may be a good idea for the students who__________.
A．enjoy learning B．worry about grades
C．do well in a traditional classroom D．are responsible for what they do in life.
3．Some students will do little in an open classroom because__________.
A．there are too few rules
B．they hate activities
C．open education is similar to the traditional education
D．they worry about the rules
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Some traditional teachers do not like it.
B．Many teachers do not believe in open education.
C．Teachers may have problems in open classrooms.
D．The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important to the students.
5．Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A．Open education is a really complex idea.
B．Open education is better than traditional education.
C．Teachers dislike open education.
D．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice.
参考答案
高一部分
Units 7-8 (B1)
基础演练
一、1．restore 2．continent 3．damaged 4．official 5．pollution 6．cultures 7．included 8．prepare 9．gestures 10．position
二、 1-5 ADCBB
能力拓展
1-5 CBADA
1．C 这是一个细节题。文章第一段中的“This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects.”提供了解题信息。
2．B 细节题。参考文章第一段的“They will not have to worry about grades or rules.”。
3．A 细节题。参考文章第二段中“For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school.”这两句话。
4．D 综合判断题。阅读文章可知，其中没有提到D项所述的内容。
5．A 主旨大意题。文章提到了正反两方面的观点，各有道理，说明问题比较复杂。
篇8：高三新教材内容目录(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
高三新教材内容目录
Unit Topic Functional Items Structure Reading Writing
Unit 1 That must be a record! Records, adventures & hobbies Measuring & comparing Review the Subject The Guinness Book of World Records
Are you Xperienced? A from
Unit 2 Crossing limits Exploration Judging situations & making decisions Review the Predicate Reaching out across the ocean
Going high: the pioneers of the third pole A persuasive essay
Unit 3 The land down under Australia Expressing prohibitions and warnings Review the Predictative The portrait of a nation
Australia A description of animals
Unit Green worlds Botany Expressing procedures Review the Object The birth of a science
Wildlife and garden roses A description of plants
Unit 5 Getting the message Advertising & advertisements Making complaints
Expressing emotions
Expressing & evaluating different views Review the Object Complement Advertising
Words that sell An advertisement
Unit 6 Going West Perseverance & success Talking about ability Review the Attribute Going west
Heroes of north A story
Unit 7 A Christmas Carol Literature: Drama Talking about attitudes and motivation
Giving advice Review the Adverbial A Christmas Carol A play review
Unit 8 Learning a foreign language Learning skills Talking about attitudes and motivation
Giving advice Review the Subjunctive Mood (1) Learning a foreign language: twice as hard?
Studying abroad A personal essay
Unit 9 Health care Health care Talking about society & values
Expressing opinions Review the Subjunctive Mood (2) A helping hand
The little mould that could An article for a journal
Unit 10 American literature American Literature Predicting & describing a story Review all the verb tenses A sacrifice for love A book review
Unit 11 Key to success Social behaviour & relations Talking about teamwork and success Integrative language practice Making the team work A letter
Unit 12. Education Education Talking about study methods and styles
Making comparisons Integrative language practice Education for all
How we learn An essay
Unit 13. The mystery of the Moonstone Literature Talking about mysteries
Giving advice Integrative language practice The Moonstone
Solving the mystery of the Moonstone A letter
Unit 14 Zoology Zoology Debating Integrative language practice The language of honey-bees
Monkey business An argumentative essay
Unit 15 Popular youth culture Youth Culture Talking about youth culture and interests of young people Integrative language practice Young volunteers
Denim jeans A report
Unit 16 Finding jobs Jobs & career Talking about likes & dislikes
Expressing wishes & expectations Integrative language practice Football: a good career choice?
Why do you think you would be good at this job? A personal statement
篇9：3A Unit 9(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss’ listening ability .
2. Grasp the usage of the language points:
at the doctor’s , take a look,, knock into fell over
It feels a bit tense .
That sounds very interesting.
Difficulty: Ask the Ss to make a dialogue between the doctor and a patient.
Teaching methods: listening, speaking, practicing
Learning method: How to listen smartly
Teaching aids: tape recorder, some slides
Procedure:
Step 1. New words:
Step 2. Introduction
T: How many gold medals did the Chinese players win?
There are a lot of international champions in China in the Olympic Games.
The two of whom are gymnasts . Who are they ?
Ss: They are 李小鹏 and 刘璇 .
T: Li is an international champion on the double bars.
Liu is an international champion on the beam.
And also the whole Chinese gymnastic team have won the gold prize.
T: Today we are going to learn “ Gymnastics” .
Do you know what pieces of equipment are used in gymnastics ?
( Picture talking )
rings , beam, high bar, high-and-low bars, double bars, beam, “horse”(side horse / pummelled horse（鞍马） , vaulting horse（跳马）)
T: Do men and women , boys and girls do the same kinds of exercises?
------- Men perform on the rings, on the double bars, on the high bar, and on a type of “horse” with our legs which has two handles fixed to the top surface.
While women perform on the high-and-low bars, one of which is higher than the other, and the beam, which is a length of wood only four inches wide which is fixed at a height of 1.20 meters above the ground.
Step 3. Listening
Listen to the tape and choose the correct answers:
1. Sharon is a gymnast. She is ______.
A. at the teacher’s B. at the doctor’s C. at her friend’s D. at home
2. Something is wrong with Sharon’s ______.
A. left leg B. right shoulder C. left shoulder D. right leg
3. Sharon hurt herself when she was _____.
A. doing some exercises B. finishing some exercises
C. on the high-and-low bars D. jumping
4. The change between ___ temperatures makes the blood move and the damaged parts begin to repair themselves.
A. hot and cool B. warm and cool C. cold and cool D. hot and cold
5. At the end of the week, throw the frozen peas away. They _____ to eat.
A. will be fit B. won’t be fit C. would not like D. would like to
BCADB
Step 4. Read by themselves and answer the questions;
1. Who was Sharon? ---- gymnast
2. What’s wrong with her? ---- Something is wrong with her left shoulder.
3. How did she hurt her shoulder? ---- While she was doing gym.
4. What kind of treatment did the doctor advise her to use? ----- to use the hot-cloth-and-frozen-peas treatment.
5. How often does she have to take this treatment? ---- twice a day for a week
6. Do you think that this interesting treatment is effective? ----- Yes.
7. Have you ever used the hot-cloth-and-frozen peas treatment? ---------
What treatment does the doctor tell her to do?
---- To use the hot-cloth-and-frozen-pea treatment.
Step 4. Reading and find out the language points
1. at the doctor’s
at my uncle’s
at the tailor’s
2. take a look at : have a look at
3. It feels a bit tense.
4. knock into sb.
Can you knock the nail into the wall?
The boy ran for the ball and knocked into a man.
He walked in the dark and knocked into a tree.
5. fall over
He slipped into a banana skin and fell over.
6. so on and so on : repeatedly
7. That sounds very interesting.
8. fit to eat:
Step 5. Practice
Make up a dialogue between the two---- one is a doctor and the other is a patient
Doctor: Asks a question
Patient: Says what the problem is
Doctor: Makes one or more comments and then gives some advice
Example:
D: Can I help you?
P: Yes, I can’t sleep well.
D: How can I help you?
P: Can you give me some medicine so that I can have a good sleep?
D: What can I do for you?
P: I’ve got a pain here. My left shoulder hurts.
D: Let me have a look at it.
P: Oh, I feel terrible.
D: Mmn, I see. It feels a bit tense, but it’s nothing serious.
P: Shall I take any medicine?
D: Yes. Take this medicine, two pills a time, three times a day. And try to use the hot-cloth-and-frozen peas treatment.
Step 6. workbook----- Ex 2
Homework : read two passages
At the doctor’s
When a patient comes in what will the doctor say?
What can I do for you?
How can I help you?
What seems to be the matter?
Can I help you?
What will the patient say?
I’ve got a pain…
I’ve got a headache and a cough day and night.
I’ve got a temperature and all my bones ache.
I feel terrible.
I hurt my leg while I was….
I don’t feel well.
Then what will the doctor say?
Let me take a look at it / you.
Let me feel your pulse.
Left me take your temperature.
Oh, I see. It’s nothing serious.
Have a good rest and you’ll ..
You’ll be all right / well better soon.
Take this medicine / two pills a time, three times a day.
Unit 9 Lesson 34~35 Gymnastics
Aims and demands: Develop the Ss’ reading ability and have a good understanding of the text
Difficulty and importance: Have a deeper understanding of the text
Teaching methods: Reading and listening and discussion
Learning methods: How to read fast
Teaching aids: a tape recorder and some slide shown
Procedure:
Step 1. Presentation
What kinds of equipment are used in doing the gymnastic exercises?
As we know from the dialogue , Sharon hurt her left shoulder while doing some exercises on the high-and-low bars. So while you are doing gym, you should be more careful.
Now look at the pictures and tell :
Where are the gymnasts doing exercises / performing? ( P 51)
Ss: He is performing on the high bar.
He is performing on the double bars.
He is jumping / performing on a “horse”.
She is performing on a beam.
Step 2. Listening
Listen to the tape of Lesson 34 and tell whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Olympic competitions started in Greece. T
2. Modern gymnastics began in the 18th century. F
3. If you want to become a top gymnast, it is important to start when you are 14 or 15 years old.F
4. Boys win Olympic gymnastics medals usually between the age of 19 and 25. T
5. Both boys and girls perform on the rings, on the double bars, on the high bar and so on. F
6. Only girls perform on the high-and-low bars. T
7. Only boys do floor exercises on the mat. F
8. Make sure you put on some watches, rings, and necklaces before you start. F
9. Ww simple safety measures to follow while ( you are ) training.
8. Follow : a) to take or accept 遵守,采纳,听从
follow the safety measure
follow the teacher’s instructions
follow one’s advice
b) understand 领悟
You are speaking too fast and we can’t quite follow you.听懂
c) go along 沿..而行
Follow the path and you will see the cinema.
d) come or go after
She followed me into the classroom.
e) following can be used together with “the” , it means “next”
in the following year=== next year
9. …… can be highly dangerous
highly: to a high degree 高度的,非常的
eg: Advertising is a highly developed twentieth-century industry. 高度发达的
He is a highly skilled worker. 非常熟练的
固定词组:
Speak highly of 高度赞扬
Think highly of 高度评价
Sing high praise for 高度表扬
Hold one’s head high 头抬得高高地
1. be content to do sth. 满足干…… 满意做……
be content with sth. 对……满意
2. each used as an
They each have a computer on the desk.
Each of them has a computer on the desk.
3. in all
in a word 总之
all in all
4. glance at : look quickly at / give a quick at
5. be busy doing sth.
They are busy training in the gymnastic.
We had been bus preparing for the mid-term examination.
6. gain points 得分
gain mark 得分
win the medal 得奖牌
7. drills
The first thing …. . was to go up her trainer and thanked her.
句中两个作表语的不定式 go up to 和 thank her for 都省略了 to ,这是因为主语有定语从句 she did 来修饰的缘故.
一般地说,解释 do 的精确意思的分句,可以用不带 to 的动词不定式.
我们现在想做的就是躺下来休息.
What we want to do now is ( to ) lie down and rest.
我所做的就是推了他一下.
What I did was ( to ) give him a little push.
字典的作用是帮助学生查生字的词义和用法.
What a dictionary does is ( to) help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words.
Agreement.
Correct the mistakes if any. ( Lesson 34~35)
1. It was in Greece where the Olympic competition started. ( that )
2. It was in 1811 when an outdoor gymnastics center for men was opened in Berlin. (that)
3. There are also records of gymnastics performing in China. ( being performed/performed)
4. My bike is repairing . ( being repaired)
5. He didn’t mind leaving at home alone . ( being left )
6. Being lost can be a terrifying experience. (true )
7. Dance is an important part of training as it prepares they for the types of movements required in gymnastics. ( them )
8. The students are preparing the exam. ( add for )
9. In competitions women perform some of their exercises with music. ( to )
(We do eye exercises to music.)
10. Men usually gained Olympic gymnastics medals between 19 to 25. ( won, between…and)
11. The gymnasts should hold a position steady, keep their balances while doing a handstand. (balance)
(steady adj, adv. Steadily adv. )
12. Training by yourself in a gym can be high dangerous. (highly )
Highly : to a high degree
广告业是二十世纪高度发达的行业.
Advertising is a highly developed twentieth century industry.
他是个非常熟练的工人.
He is a highly skilled worker.
Speak highly of
Think highly of
Sing high praise for
Hold one’s head high
Replace the following underlined phrases with the phrases in L35.
13. She is satisfied with her present job.
be content with sth.
be content to do sth.
14. In a word , she gave a good performance and landed neatly and steadily. (In all / all in all)
15. She gave a quick look at the judge. ( glanced at )
16. What we want to do now is lie down and rest. ( true )
字典的作用是帮助学生查生字的词义和用法.
What a dictionary does is ( to) help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words.
Correct the mistakes if any. ( Lesson 34~35)
1. It was in Greece where the Olympic competition started.
2. It was in 1811 when an outdoor gymnastics center for men was opened in Berlin.
3. There are also records of gymnastics performing in China.
4. My bike is repairing .
5. He didn’t mind leaving at home alone .
6. Being lost can be a terrifying experience.
7. Dance is an important part of training as it prepares they for the types of movements required in gymnastics.
8. The students are preparing the exam.
9. In competitions women perform some of their exercises with music.
10. Men usually gained Olympic gymnastics medals between 19 to 25.
11. The gymnasts should hold a position steady, keep their balances while doing a handstand.
12. Training by yourself in a gym can be high dangerous.
Replace the following underlined phrases with the phrases in L35.
13. She is satisfied with her present job.
14. In a word , she gave a good performance and landed neatly and steadily.
15. She gave a quick look at the judge.
16. What we want to do now is lie down and rest. ( true or false ?)
Exercises for Unit 9 ---3A DCABB CBB
1. ___ him and then try to copy what he does. (99)
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
2. The little boy runs for the football and ___ a man standing there.
A. knocks down B. knocks at
C. knocks into D. knocks
3. I cheered do loudly at the match that I completely ___ my voice.
A. lost B. missed C. forgot D. left
4. --- Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
--- I don’t know. But this is the last time. The fans ___ them to win whole – heartedly.
A. hope B. require C. prefer D. demand
5. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ___ attracted the audience’s interest.
A. so that B. that C. what D. in which
6. It was for this reason __ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. ( S)
A. which B. why C. that D. how
7. It is the ability to so the job ___ matters not where you come from or what you are. (2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. it
8. It was not ___ she took off here dark glasses ___ I realized she was a famous film star. (92)
A. when; that B. until; that
C. until; when D. when; then
Correct the mistakes: (for Unit 9 --- 3A )
It was Sunday and Zhou Lan was going 1.____
to take part in the first gymnastic compe-
tition. As soon as her competition started, 2.____
she tried her best and did good in per- 3.____
forming on three pieces of equipments 4.____
as well as on the floor. Now the time came
to her performance on the high -and-low 5.____
bars. She stands below them and waited. 6.____
When the judge nodding, she began . 7.____
She jumped upwards, caught the high bar
in two hands and did a neat circle . 8.____
Altogether,she performed wonderful and 9.____
landed nearly and steadily on the floor. Then
came the results. Victory for Zhou Lan!
She was the one. 10.____
1. true 2. her--- the 3. well 4. equipment 5. to – for 6. stood 7. nodded 8. in – with
9. wonderfully 10. first
篇10：unit10-11词汇解析(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
outcome
n.
结果;结局;后果[S1][(+of)]
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.
我认为这件事只可能有一种结局。
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她对自己努力的结果很满意。
weep
vi.
1.) 哭泣,流泪[(+over/for)]
The girl wept over her sad fate.
那女孩为自己悲惨的命运而哭泣。
Mother wept for joy.
母亲高兴得流眼泪。
2.) 悲叹,哀悼[(+over/for)]
We all wept in silence for the deceased.
我们都默默为死者哀悼。
vt.
流(泪);哭泣
The little girl wept herself to sleep.
小女孩哭着哭着入睡了。
n.
哭泣
furnish
vt.
1.) 给(房间)配置(家具等);装备[(+with)]
How are you going to furnish the house?
你将如何布置房子?
2.) 供应;提供[(+with/to)]
I’ll furnish you with all you need.
我将提供你所需要的一切。
attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies.
你应该更专心于学习。
2.) 关心;照料;护理
The nurse is attending to a sick man.
护士正在照料病人。
do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up.
这房子需要修缮。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best.
她穿着节日盛装。
3.) 使精疲力尽
He was done up after the long trip.
长途旅行后他精疲力尽。
pale
a.
1.) 苍白的,灰白的
She was pale with fear.
她吓得脸色发白。
2.) (颜色)淡的
Her beauty seemed pale beside Mary’s.
她的美貌与玛丽的相比似乎显得黯然失色。
He wore a pale blue tie.
他戴一条浅蓝色的领带
approve
vt.
1.) 赞成,同意;赞许
The professor does not approve the government’s foreign policy.
那位教授不赞成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批准;认可
The city council has now approved the scheme for the erection of a new public library.
市议会业已核准建造一座新的公共图书馆的计划。
vi.
赞成;赞许 [(+of)]
I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there.
我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。
shave
vt.
1.) 剃去...上的毛发;刮(脸)等
shave one’s face
刮脸
2.) 刮(胡子等)[(+off/away)]
He shaved off his beard.
他剃掉了胡须。
vi.
1.) 修面,刮脸
He shaves every morning.
他每天早晨刮脸。
2.) 挤过,勉强通过
He shaved through the math exam.
他勉强通过了数学考试。
n.[C]
1.) 剃刀,刮胡刀;刨刀
2.) 修面,刮脸[S]
I need a shave.
我需要修面。
comb
n.[C]
1.) 梳子;(羊毛等的)毛刷,马鬃刷
2.) 女人头发上梳状的饰物
3.) (用梳子)梳理[S]
My hair needs a good comb.
我的头发需要好好梳理一番。
vt.
1.) 用梳子梳理
The mother combed the child’s hair.
母亲梳理了孩子的头发。
2.) 彻底搜查[(+for)]
We combed the city to look for our lost dog.
我们搜遍了全城寻找我们走失了的狗。
at length
1.) 最后,终于
At length, we began to understand what she wanted.
最后,我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 详细地
He talked at length about his work.
他详细地谈了他的工作。
flash
vt.
1.) 使闪光;使闪烁[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me?
那个司机为何用灯照我?
2.) (向...)闪现出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them.
我向他们投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)发出(电报,电讯等);使迅速传遍
The news was flashed around the world.
这一消息迅速传遍世界各地。
vi.
1.) 闪光,闪烁
The stars flashed in the night sky.
夜空中群星闪烁。
2.) (想法等)掠过,闪现
A thought flashed through my mind.
我脑子里闪过一个想法。
3. 飞驰,掠过
A car flashed by.
一辆汽车疾驰而过。
n.
闪烁,闪光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.
刚才有一道闪电。
simplify
vt.
简化,精简;使单纯;使平易
The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify.
这个题目非常复杂,并且很难简化。
Unit 11
criterion/ criteria(pl)
n.
(判断、批评的)标准,准则,尺度[C]
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work?
你用什么标准来衡量学生的学业?
summary
adj.
1.) 概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day’s events.
他对一天的事件作了简要的报告。
2.) 实时的;草率的;即决的,简易的
The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims.
政府即刻采取行动救济地震灾民。
n.
总结,摘要,一览[C][(+of)]
He made a summary of the case.
他为这个案件做了一个摘要。
percentage
n.
1.) 百分率,百分比[C] [(+of)]
What percentage of children were absent?
缺席的学童占百分之几?
2.) 比例;部分[C]
Each of them got a percentage of the profits.
他们每个人都得到一部分利润。
3.) 【口】好处,利益[U]
There is no percentage in arguing with him.
同他争论于事无补。
suspect
vt.
1.) 疑有,察觉
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.
老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
2.) 怀疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty.
我们不相信他们是诚实的。
3.) 怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]
The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect they’ll come.
我想他们会来的。
n.
嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
adj.
可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others.
他的动机受到其他人的怀疑。
cater
vi.
1.) 提供饮食;承办宴席[(+for)]
He runs a restaurant and also caters for weddings and parties.
他经营饭店,还承办婚礼和宴会酒席。
2.) 满足需要(或欲望);迎合,投合[(+for/to)]
Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.
那些报纸迎合最低级的趣味。
vt.
为...提供饮食,承办(宴会等)的酒席
Who’s catering your daughter’s wedding?
谁给你女儿承办婚宴?
temporary
adj.
临时的;暂时的,一时的
Ellen has got a temporary job.
艾伦找到一份临时工作。
n.[C]
1.) 临时工,临时雇员
She works in the office as a temporary.
她在办公室做临时雇员。
2.) 临时事物;临时房屋
The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.
那些战时临时住房将被永久性住宅代替。
expectation
n.
1.) 期待;预期[U][C]
The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone.
那条狗摇着尾巴,巴望吃肉骨头。
2.) 期望,预期的事物(pl.)
The reward fell short of our expectations.
奖励不符我们的希望。
3.) 前程(pl.)
a young artist with great expectations
有远大前程的青年艺术家
division
n.
1.) 分开,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
编写者都同意把教科书分成十二个单元。
2.) 分配,分派[U][(+between/among)]
The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods.
这些贼为分偷来的物品而争吵。
3.) 【数】除(法)[U]
The boy has learnt to do division.
这个小男孩已学会做除法。
compromise
n.
1.) 妥协,和解[C][U][(+between)]
I hope we shall come to a compromise.
我希望我们能达成妥协。
2.) 妥协方案,折衷办法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。
vt.
1.) 互让解决(分歧等)
2.) 连累,危及
You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people.
你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声。
3.) 放弃(原则等);泄露(秘密等)
He refused to compromise his principles.
他拒绝放弃原则。
vi.
妥协,让步[(+on)]
They found it wiser to compromise with her.
他们觉得与她妥协更明智。
dynamic
adj.
1.) 力的;动力的
a dynamic load
动力荷载
2.) 能动的;动态的
a dynamic verb
动态动词
3.) 有活力的;有生气的;强有力的
a dynamic young businessman
生气勃勃的年轻商人
embarrass
vt.
1.) 使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question.
亚瑟似乎被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。
2.) 使负债;使拮据
A large family embarrassed him.
他子女多,这使他经济拮据。
3.) 妨碍,阻碍
Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements.
穿着厚大衣妨碍了他的行动。
contradictory
adj.
1.) 矛盾的,对立的[(+to)]
The prisoner’s statement was contradictory to the one he’d made earlier.
那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。
2.) 好反驳的,喜争辩的
a contradictory nature
爱斗嘴的讨厌本性
n.[C]
1.) 矛盾因素,对立物
2.) 【逻】矛盾命题;否定项
violent
adj.
1.) 激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的
The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.
船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
2.) 由暴力引起的;暴力的[Z]
She died a violent death.
她惨遭横祸。
3.) 极端的,极度的
A violent impatience overcame him.
他变得极不耐烦。
4.) 狂暴的,凶暴的
The madman was violent and had to be locked up.
这疯子十分凶暴,只好把他锁起来。
resign
vt.
1.) 放弃,辞去
The general resigned his commission.
将军辞去了他的职务。
2.) 把...托交给,委托[(+to/into)]
She resigned her children to the care of her sister.
她把孩子交给她妹妹照管。
3.) 使听从,使顺从[(+to)]
He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate.
他听天由命。
vi.
辞职[(+from)]
The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.
最简单的做法就是他立即辞职。
definite
adj.
1.) 明确的,确切的
She made no definite answer.
她没有作确定的回答。
2.) 一定的,肯定的
It’s definite that he’ll be late again.
他肯定又要迟到。
3.) 限定的
congratulate
vt.
1.) 祝贺;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我祝贺你的伟大发现。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地祝贺你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我庆幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。
finance
n.
1.) 财政;金融;财政学[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.
他凭着自己的理财本领得到了这个职位。
2.) (对事业的)资金支援[U]
3.) 财源;资金;(国家的)岁入;财务情况[P]
The country’s finances have improved.
这个国家财政状况改善了。
vt.
供资金给;融资,为...筹措资金
Our project is adequately financed.
我们的工程资金充足。
vi.
筹措资金
We are financing for the housing project.
我们在为住宅计划筹措资金。
decline
vi.
1.) 下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落
As one grows older one’s memory declines.
人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month.
上个月失业率降至百分之四。
2.) 【书】倾斜;下垂
3.) 婉拒;谢绝
vt.
1.) 婉拒;谢绝[+to-v]
She declined their invitation.
她婉拒了他们的邀请。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。
2. )【语】使发生词尾变化,使变格
n.
1.) 下降;减少[S1]
There is a decline in real wages.
实际工资有所减少。
2.) 衰退,衰落[the S]
3.) 倾斜[the S]
oral
adj.
1.) 口头的,口述的
An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise.
只有口头协议是不够的;我们必须有一个书面承诺。
He passed his German oral exam.
他通过了德文口试。
2.) 口的,口部的
The oral opening in an earthworm is small.
蚯蚓的口是很小的。
3.) (药)口服的
The doctor prescribed an oral dose of medicine.
医生开了一剂口服药。
篇11：Unit 6 经典教案(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
Words and expressions
1. perseverance n. steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness 毅力；坚持
Great works are performed, not by strength, but perseverance.
伟大的作品不是靠力量而是靠毅力来完成的。
2. quit
vt. to give up; abandon 放弃；to depart from; leave 离开；to cease or discontinue 停止；中断
He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
他并没有戒烟,但是已减到每天只抽三支烟了。
You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.
你我正在离开我们辉煌业绩的舞台。
The teacher asked them to quit talking. 老师要求他们不要说话。
vi. to leave, to move, to stop
Time to quit. 该收手了。/该下班了。
3. apply (…) to … use; put into practice 应用；运用 n. application
We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。
apply to 适用
What you have said doesn’t apply to this case.
apply for 申请
apply for a position/a patent
4. add up find the total of 总计；加起来
Add up 6,7 and 8 and you'll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。
add up to 合计达
add to 增加
add … to 把…加到… add fuel to the fire 火上加油 add color to 增色
Add up all the numbers.
The cost of the party added up to 2,000 yuan.
The sudden rain added to our trouble.
Add some salt to the soup.
5. circumstance n. a condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it 环境；情况(常用复数形式)
Force of circumstances led us to give up our project. 环境的力量使得我们放弃了我们的方案。
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 这要视情况而定。
under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然这样
Under no circumstances should you step out of the house.
6. lose heart become discouraged 沮丧；灰心
Don't lose heart at any failure, but try again. 失败时不要灰心，要再接再厉。
lose one’s heart (to) sb. = fall in love with sb.
7. assessment n. the act of assessing; appraisal 评估；估价
environmental assessment 环境影响评估
vt. assess
1.) (为征税)估定(财产)的价值[(+at)]
The value of this property was assessed at one million dollars. 这财产的价值估定为一百万元。
2.) 确定(税、罚款、赔偿金等)的金额
assess damage after an accident 事故后确定损害赔偿金额
3.) 对...进行估价,评价
It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation. 现在来评价新法规的效果为时尚早。
8. take it easy 放松些；别紧张
When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy. 老师发现一些学生考虑时焦急不安，就叫他们不要紧张。
归纳：take it 猜想, 以为；断定 take it for granted 视为当然
take it ill 见怪, 介意某事 take it or leave it 要么接受要么放弃
take it out on sb. 向某人出气 take it seriously 认真对待
9. keep up retain(one's spirits, strength, etc); (one's spirits, strength, etc.)not decline 维持；保持
The mountaineers' spirits kept up against heavy odds.
在非常不利的条件下，登山运动员们仍然情绪高涨。
归纳：keep up appearances 装门面 keep up one's spirits 振作精神
keep up to date 使记到最近时期；使跟上时代 keep up with 跟上
10. survival n. the act of surviving; continuance of life 幸存；存活
He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天，又无食物，还活下来了，这真是个奇迹。
survive ①vi. 幸存，活下来 His parents died in the accident, but he survived.
②vt. 比…或活得长；经历…之后还存在 survive sb. / survive the fire
survivor n. 生还者, 残存物
11. beyond
prep. ①on the further or other side of 在较远的一边；在另一边 ②(of time)later than; more advanced than（时间）晚于；超过 ③out of the reach of; outside one's understanding 为…不能及；超出…理解力之外 ④(negative and interrogative) except 除…之外
The post office is beyond the bridge. 邮局在桥的那一头。
Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店营业到半夜以后。
He was beyond the help of the teacher. 他使老师束手无策。
I know nothing beyond this. 除这之外，我什么也不知道。
adv. farther away 在远处 look beyond 向远处看
12. lose one’s way become lost 迷路；迷失
Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。
feel one’s way fight one’s way make one’s way push one’s way wind one’s way
13. burden n. something that you carry; a heavy load 负担；包袱/a duty which is hard to do well 责任
It is a burden to the people. 这对人民是一种负担。
The burden fell on me. 责任落在我身上。
vt.
1.) 加重压于，加负担于，烦扰[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes. 政府使国民负担重税。
2.) 加负荷于，使载重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines. 他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。
14. desperate adj. having no hope and ready to do any wild or dangerous thing 绝望的；不顾一切的/ very serious 极严重的；危急的
The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企图逃亡。
The country is in a desperate state and we must work hard.
国家处于危急关头，我们应当努力工作。
15. accustomed adj. being in the habit of习惯[于…]的 [to doing]
I am not accustomed to walking long distances. 我不习惯于长距离的步行。
be accustomed to working/to work hard习惯于苦干
16. thirst n. [U] wanting to drink something; a strong desire 渴；渴望
I drank a cup of tea to relieve my thirst. 我喝了一杯茶止渴。
The artist thirsted for fame. 艺术家想出名。
17. starvation n. suffering or death caused by extreme hunger 挨饿；饿死
The cat died of starvation. 那只猫饿死了。
starve v. (cause to) suffer or die from great hunger 使挨饿，饿死/ (cause to) suffer from not having sth. 使得不到某物而痛苦
They lost in the desert and starved to death. 他们在沙漠迷路而饿死了。
The school is starved of resources. 学校缺乏财源。
18. anxiety n. [U] worry and fear 忧虑；担心；焦急 [C] something that makes you worried and afraid 担心的事；焦虑
We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我们焦急地等待考试结果。
He has been relieved of his anxieties. 他已消除了忧虑（事）。
19. came to an end stop 结束；终止
All good things must come to an end. 一切好事迟早都会结束。（天下没有不散的宴席。）
at the end of 在...结尾,在....末端 in the end 最后，终于
bring to an end 使…结束 on end on end 竖着, 连续地
make an end of 终止，除掉 end (up) with 以――告终
put an end to 结束，终止 make ends meet 收支相抵
20. tax n. money that the government takes from your pay or from the sale of some goods 税
There is a large tax on cigarettes. 香烟的税很重。
pay taxes on sth. (taxpayers) 纳税 charge/impose/levy taxes on sth. 征税
v. 对…征税，向…课税 Imported wines are heavily imported in China.
21. anniversary n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance 周年纪念；周年纪念日
a wedding anniversary the 20th anniversary of our country’s independence
22. relief n. ①the removal or ease of worry, pain ,etc. 解除；减轻
The medicine brought me relief. 这药减轻了我的痛苦。
Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of relief. 一听到消息,他如释重负地松了口气。
②help given to people in poverty of trouble 救济
They are in need of relief. 他们需要救济。
Relief was flown to the flood-hit areas. 救济物品被空运到洪水泛滥区。
23. deliver vt. (delivery n.)
①take something to the place where it must go 投递；送交
Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。
②give forth in words 发言
He delivered a speech at the meeting. 他在会上讲了话。
③help in the birth of 接生
she delivered the child. 她接生了这孩子。
④save, set free, release 解救;解脱;释放[(+from)]
Education delivered him from ignorance. 教育把他从无知中解救出来。
24. Arctic adj. of the north polar regions 北极的
n. the regions round the north pole 北极；北极圈；北极地方
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Regions 北极地区
25. tough adj. able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient 坚韧的 demanding or troubling; difficult 困难的 physically hardy; rugged 强壮的 showing strong determination 强硬的，不妥协的
a tough guy 硬汉 tough meat 老肉 tough attitude 强硬的态度 a tough task 棘手的任务 a tough customer 难缠的顾客 a tough neighborhood 治安很差的住宅区
26. wrap vt. to cover completely with 包裹；缠绕
I wrapped the present in red paper. 我把礼物用红纸包了起来。
n. [C] an article of dress to be folded round a person 披在身上的衣物
Don't forget your wraps, when you travel in winter. 冬天旅游时，不要忘带外套、围巾等。
27. tie up put a piece of string, rope, etc. round something to hold it firm 捆；拴；系
I tied up the parcel. 我捆好包裹。
28. stake n. [C] strong post of wood or metal that stands in the ground 桩；柱桩
The farmer tied the bull to a stake in the field. 农民把公牛拴在田里的桩子上。
at stake: at risk; in question 在危急之中
29. ray n. line or beam of light, heat, etc. 光线；辐射线 v. 放射，射出光线
A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping boy. 阳光照射着睡着的男孩。
This afternoon I will have my son x-rayed. 今天下午我带儿子去X光透视。
30. bark n. the short, sharp sound a dog makes; a sound like this, esp. a cough 吠声；似犬吠的声音 v. 吠, 咆哮, 剥树皮
The bark of a dog sounded in the night. 在夜间听到狗叫声。
Barking dogs seldom bark.
31. memorial n. [C] building or statue to remind people of someone or something 纪念馆；纪念碑（物） a memorial to people’s heroes
32. retell vt. tell again; repeat 重述；复述
retell what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.
复述一个秋天的清晨在那个岛上发生了什么。
33. go for to put a lot of effort into sth, so that you get or achieve sth. 为……去；努力获取
It sounds a great idea. Go for it. 这听起来是个极好的主意。努力去实现吧！
Reading
Step 1 Lead in
1. Talk about legendary journeys in China.
Journey to the West: The story is known in China. The hero Monk Tang in the story went through 81 difficulties. Finally he got the Buddhist Scripture.
The Long March: If there had not been the long march, we could not have lived the happy life. They went through starvation, coldness and so on.
Climbing Mount Qomolangma: They have to face difficulties like coldness, avalanche and snowstorm. It’s not only a personal achievement but also a pride for the whole nation.
2. China’s “Go West” policy.
3. The process of developing the west in America:
1748年 弗吉尼亚的俄亥俄州土地公司的组建（开始）。
1784，1785，1787 年制定三个土地法开发西部的纲领。
1895年 工业总产值跃居世界第一位
西部开发的三个阶段：
农业开发阶段（1750－1850） 工业开发阶段（1850－1950） 科技开发阶段 （1950－至今）
Step 2 Reading
1. Skimming
The main idea of the text:
The text related a story that the hero’s family and many other families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Faced with the difficulties, they didn’t give up. Finally they got to the West and started a new life.
Part 1 (1) The cause and the beginning of the journey
Part 2 (2) The first destination of the journey
Part 3 (3-5) The most trying part of the journey
Part 4 (6) Reaching the promised land (The end of the journey)
2. Scanning
①When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
②How long did the journey last? About a year
③What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
④Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
3. Detailed reading
Fill in the chart:
Time Events
October, 1845 set off for the journey
April ,1846 continued the journey westward
November, 1846 entered the desert and lost the way
For many weeks travel in the Death Valley
Christmas Day reached the promised land
Choose the best answers:
1. The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2. People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3. On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4. Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A. Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5. After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. 答案：B
A. 2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6. Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? 答案：A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7. The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8. How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9. From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10. The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey to California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
3. Post-reading
1. What the writing techniques of this text are?
A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.
B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.
C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero’s optimism about the life he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West.
2. What can we learn from this text?
When we come across problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead , we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. More over, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist and keep making great efforts, I believe we will make our dreams come true one day.
4. Consolidation
In the ______ of 1845, after his father read a book about _________, he decided to _____ there. His family and many other families ________ for their journey by the middle of October. After traveling through _________, they had to spend __________ in Kansas. Until ____________ , they wouldn’t leave. They traveled by day. On November4, 1846, they entered __________ and soon lost their way. Due to lack of ______________, the oxen had no strength to pull the wagons and were burnt. People had no choice but to cover another 500 miles ________. At last, they _________ all the difficulties and got to the west on the morning of _____________. They started their new life there.
Keys: spring, California, move, 4 states, the winter, April 12, 1846, the desert, water and grass, on foot, overcame, Christmas Day
Language points
1. believe in 信仰
2. stand for 代表，代替
3. adapt to 调节，适合
4. lose heart 灰心，泄气
5. be cast away (被)抛弃
6. give up 放弃 give in 投降，屈服，让步，交上
7. less than 少于;不足
more than 看似简单，含义丰富，主要用于以下情况：
（1）比…更（多、大等），用于比较结构。
He always asks more than he gives. 他总是索取多于给予。
（2）超过，多于，相当于over。
I have known David for more than 20 years. 我认识大卫20多年了。
（3）岂止是，不仅是； 非常， 十分
Can’t you sense the hidden meaning? It’s more than a joke.
难道你没听出言外之意吗？这不只是一个笑话。
more than happy/sorry 特高兴 / 特难过
（4）是…不能，非…能力所及，其后跟从句，从句中用can或could。
This is more than I can understand. 这是我所不能理解的。
归纳：more …than… 与其说…不如说， 不是…而是
He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。
no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”
not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过”
He has no more than five dollars on him.
他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)
He has not more than five dollars on him.
他身上带的钱不超过(仅有)5美元。(强调数额少于5美元)
8. set off for 开始(旅程；赛跑)；出发
set off 出发、引爆
set about doing = set out to do
set aside 留出, 不顾, 取消, 驳回
set foot in/on
set fire to sth. =set sth. on fire
set in开始, 到来； 上涨；插入, 嵌入；开始,涨潮 / be set in 以…为背景
set up 设立, 竖立, 架起, 升起, 装配, 创(纪录), 提出, 开业
set an example to sb.
set back (set back the project 使受挫/ set my watch back 2 minutes往后拨)
9. move on 继续前进
10. by day 在白天
11. lose one’s way 迷路
12. most of the way 大部分路程
区别：most & most of 在most+名词结构中，名词是不定的，因此不能most the students, most us，而在most of +名词结构中，名词是指定的，它必须带有定冠词或物主代词等限定词。
12. hang out 伸出
13. in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候)
14. on our feet = on foot 步行
15. be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于
16. suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17. hurry on to do sth. / (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
19. go on all fours 用四肢 lie one’s back/stomach
20. reach the edge of 达到了…的边缘 on the edge of 濒于, 几乎, 在边缘
21. stare at 瞪视; 凝视 glare at 瞪着，怒视
23. come to an end 结束;终止
Integrating Skills
1. the eightieth anniversary of sth. …80周年纪念日
2. a race against time 与时间赛跑，抢时间
3. save…from 挽救……免于
4. there was widespread relief 足以令人欣慰
5. Every minute counted/counts. 没分钟都非常关键。
6. up to 一直到,等于
7. at stake 在危险中；关系重大
8. the golden rays of the dawn 黎明的第一道曙光
9. a memorial to sb. / sth. 的纪念馆
10. risk one’s life to do/doing 冒险去做某事 risk doing
11. diseases of that kind 那样的病
12. a historical event 历史事件
篇12：时态 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)
时态
英语动词的形式：
英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：
(1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
(3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。
(4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
(5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
这里提到的“语法规定的其他情况”以后会详细介绍。
下面把这些动词形式的构成说明一下。
动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
词尾变化（规律与名词变复数相同，读音也与名词复数相同） 举例
一般加-s help---________; read---_________
在ch, sh, s, x 或元音字母o后面加-es do--- __________, fix---__________,
pass---__________, push---___________, teach ---_____________
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es try--- _________, study ---_______________
动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表：
词尾变化 举例
动词后面加-ed help---______ work---_______
Watch---____________
want--___________ need---__________
Turn---___________ play--_____________
以不发音的“e”结尾的词，加-d Love---__________Serve---__________
结尾是辅音字母+y时，y变i，再加-ed Study---_________ Try---____________
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写辅音字母再加-ed Stop---___________ Drop---____________
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆.
现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成，规则如下表：
词尾变化 举例
一般加-ing Look--_________, try---______________
以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e，再加-ing Write---___________, dance---___________
以一个辅音字母（x除外）词尾的重读闭音节词，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing Begin---___________, swim---____________,
Run---__________, sit---_____________
以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing Die---_____________, lie---__________
“时态”就是通过动词的形态变化，来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。
比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时；
在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时；
在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。
在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。
常用的时态有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。
下面我们把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
1、一般现在时
（1）构成：通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，用现单三形式。
动词be和do各人称的单数形式为：
第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数
Do do do does
Be Am Are is
（2）用法：
1）一般现在时表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。
He ______(have) an uncle.
It _______(be) fine today.
You __________ (look) pale.
He ________ (be) good at music.
He ______________ (know) a lot of English.
这些动词可与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never 等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。例如：
Do you often go to the cinema? 你经常去看电影吗？
He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。
Tom does not study as hard as Jane. 汤姆在学习方面不如简努力。
My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.我父亲从来不坐公共汽车，他走着去上班。
2）一般现在时表示客观现实或普遍真理。
Japan ________ (lie) to the east of China.
The sun _________ (rise) in the east.
A horse _______(be) a useful animal.
Water ________(boil) at 100℃.
October 1st ___________(be) our National Day. 十月一日是我们的国庆节。
3）少数动词如go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, be 等的一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排预计要发生的事情。
The plane _____________ at six past five. 飞机将于六点零五分起飞。
Tomorrow ____________ Sunday. 明天是星期天。
Our summer vacation _______________ in early July. 我们的暑假七月初开始。
4）在时间和条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll let you know as soon as I __________ from him. 我一接到他的信就告诉你。
He’ll go if it _________ fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好，他就去。
I shall be away when he _____________. 等他到了我就不在了。
We shall not begin the discussion until he __________. 等他来了，我们再开始讨论。
5）在某些以here, there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作。
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here they come. 他们来了。
6）在进行体育比赛过程中解说员叙述迅速、短暂动作时，可用一般现在时表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作。例如：
Bater passes the ball to Yao Ming. Yao shoots？A fine shot! 巴特尔把球传给姚明，姚明投篮，好球！
7）在戏剧、电影等的剧本或图片的说明文字中，可用一般现在时表示动作。例如：
When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly. 幕启，朱丽叶坐在桌旁。电话铃响，她拿起听筒，静静地听着。
2、现在进行时
（1）构成：由助动词be ＋ 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，有三种形式：第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are。
现在进行时的否定式是：直接在助动词be后面加上not；疑问式是：把助动词be提到主语之前。以study 为例：
否定式 疑问式
I am not studying Am I studying?
You are not studying, Are you studying?
He is not studying. Is he studying?
（2）用法：
1）现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作。例如：
I _______________ (write) a letter. 我正在写信。
They ________________(learn) English. 他们正在学习英语。
It ______________ (rain) now. 现在在下雨。
2）有些动词，如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等，它们的现在进行时可表示不远的将来要发生的事情。例如：
Flight 1095 ______________ soon. 第1095号航班马上要着陆了。
I know the end _________________. 我知道马上就要结束了。
Mary ______back from her visit to Shanghai. 玛丽很快就要从上海访问回来了。
3）现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。例如：
比较下列句子：
He always asks questions. You always say that sort of thing.
He is always asking questions. You are always saying that sort of thing.
3、一般过去时
（1）构成：一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I did not (didn’t) study…. Did I study…?
You did not (didn’t) study…. Did you study…?
He did not (didn’t) study…. Did he study…?
（2）用法：一般过去时动词主要表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况，其中包括习惯性动作，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
The train _______________ (arrive) ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前就到了。
What time_ you ___ (get) up yesterday morning? 昨天早晨你是什么时候起床的？
He always ________ (go) to work by bus. 他过去老乘车去上班。
4、现在完成时
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…?
You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…?
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成，但强调的是过去发生了某一动作这样一个事实。有的同学觉得这种说法比较难以理解，因为任何过去的动作对现在都有影响，很难判断用一般过去时或现在完成时。事实上，这种说法没有把现在完成时与一般过去时的根本区别说清楚。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间，则一般用现在完成时；如果说明了动作发生的具体时间，带有表示过去的时间状语，则用一般过去时。例如：
My daughter _____________ (go) out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we ______________ (meet) before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She _____________________(arrive). 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, these days, recently, lately, for…, since…, in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等。如：
I _______________(hear) from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We _____________________ (see) you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They __________________ (be away) for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She __________________________ (be with us) since Monday.
她从星期一就一直和我们在一起。
注意：
1）表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lose, fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
×He has come here for 2 weeks.
×The old man has died for 4 months.
×They have left only for 5 minutes.
以上三句话可以改为：
It’s two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.
It’s 4 months since the old man died.
They have been away only for 5 minutes
2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he been?
Where has he gone?
他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
Where has he been?
Where has he gone?
They have been to Canada.
_______________________________________
They have gone to Canada.
_______________________________________.
3）现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
5、现在完成进行时
（1）构成： have/has been + 动词的现在分词
（2）用法：
1）表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行。
I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning.
It has been raining for three hours.
What book have you been reading recently?
2）有些动词不能用于现在进行时，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，这些词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时。如：
I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。
I have loved her for a long time. 我一直爱她。
I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很久了。
3）现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调结果；而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，强调“一直”，往往表示动作仍未结束。如：
我一直在读这本小说。（我仍然在读） ____________________________
我已读过两本小说。（可能刚读过，也可能很久以前读的）
____________________________________________
我一直都在写信。_____________________________
我已经写完三封信了。__________________________
6、过去进行时
（1）构成：由助动词be 的过去式 ＋ 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他用were.
（2）用法：
1）过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如：
This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson.
The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
While we were having supper, all the lights went out.
7、过去完成时
（1）构成：一律用had + 过去分词构成。
（2）用法：
1）表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情，即“过去的过去”。用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。例如：
She ______ (tell) me she __________(be) there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。
When we _________ (arrive), the football match ______________ (begin). 我们到的时候，足球赛已经开始了。
She ___________ (visit) China twice before she __________ (come) this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。
8、一般将来时
一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式：
（1）shall/will + 动词原形
表示单纯的将来，不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I, we用shall 或will，其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I shall/will not study…. Shall I study…?
You will not study…. Will you study…?
He will not study…. Will he study…?
否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）
Shall I not (shan’t i) study…? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
Will you not (Won’t you) study…? Yes, I shall/will. No, I shan’t/won’t.
Will he not (Won’t he) study….? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
例如：
I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。
The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。
You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。
The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。
When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢？
He probably won’t go with us. 他大概不能和我们一起去。
注意：
1）shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。
2）will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等；shall用于第二、三人称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如：
I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。（允诺）
I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。（决心）
Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗？（征求允诺）
You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。（说话人的允诺）
The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过。（说话人的保证）
I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。（意愿）
Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。（说话人的命令）
（2）be going + 动词不定式
1）这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：
My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。
I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。
She is not going to be there. 她不会到那儿去的。
When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什么时候做完？
He is going to stay a week. 他准备呆一星期。
We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。
2）这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如：
Look at these black clouds？it is going to rain. 看这些乌云？要下雨了。
I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。
I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。
注意：
1）will 和be going to 都可以表示某种意愿。例如：
I won’t (am not going to) tell you my age. 我不（愿意）告诉你我的年龄。
be going to 和will在含义和用法上略有不同。Be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿，决心。有时不能互换。例如：
I have bought some bricks and I am going to build a kitchen with them.我买了些砖，我要用它们盖个厨房。（不能用will替换）
Can somebody help me? ？I will. 谁能帮我一些吗？―？我来。（不能用be going to替换）
2）be going to 可用于条件从句，表示单纯的将来；will则不能。例如：
If you are going to go to the cinema this evening, you’d better take your umbrella with you. 你若今晚去看电影，最好带着雨伞。
（3）be to + 动词原形，表示安排、命令或肯定将会发生的事情；在问句中表示征求意见。如：
You are not to smoke in this room. 你不许在这个房间里抽烟。
In future you are not to go out alone. 将来你不许一个人出去。
The worst is still to come. 最糟糕的还在后面呢。
Tomorrow is still to come. 明天过了还有明天。
（4）be about + 动词不定式。这种结构表示正要、即将发生的事情。例如：
Let’s go in. The class is about to begin. 咱们进去吧。马上开始上课了。
They are about to get married. 他们即将结婚。
My book is about to be published. 我的书即将出版。
一般将来时的关键是记住表示将来的几种句型及其用法。
练习：
用be going to 或will.填空：
1）What are you doing with that spade? ？I ___ (plant) some trees.
2）This is a terribly heavy box. ？I ___ (help) you carry it.
3) I’ve left my watch upstairs. ？I ___ (go) and get it for you.
4) Who will post this letter for me? ？I ____.
5) She has bought a length of cloth; she ____ (make) herself a dress.
二、关于动词时态的几点说明
1、一般不用进行时的动词，它们用一般现在时表示现在进行时
（1）表示心理状态的词：accept, agree, allow, believe, care, dislike, fear, forget, hate, know, like, love, mean, mind, need, prefer, realize, remember, respect, understand, want, wish等。还有 admit, decide, permit, promise, receive, refuse等。
I accept what you say. 我接受你说的话。
I don't agree to this proposal. 我不同意这个建议。
（2）感官动词和表示状态的动词一般不用进行时。系动词：如hear, look, notice, see, smell, sound, taste等词。表示状态的词：be, belong to, exist, have, remain, seem, stay等词。如：
I see him now; he’s talking to a girl.
The warships belong to the navy and the tanks belong to the army.
It sounds strange, but it is true.
2、时态的呼应
时态的呼应也叫时态的一致，是指在复合句中，某些从句（主要是宾语从句等名词性从句）的时态常受主句时态的影响，因而要注意主从句两部分的时态呼应。
（1）主句是现在时态或将来时时，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。
He says his father is/was/will be a teacher.
They will tell you that they are living/lived/will live/have lived in shanghai.
（2）主句是过去时态时，从句要在原来的时态的上加一个过去：
三、几个常用时态的比较
1、一般现在时与现在进行时
（1）一般现在时用以说明客观事实，或用于强调动作的永久性、经常或反复性。而现在进行时强调动作正在进行，因此它表示动作含有暂时性（即动作的持续时间是有限的）和未完成性。
The writer writes children’s stories. 那位作家是写儿童小说的。（说明客观事实）
The writer is now writing a story. 那位作家现在正在编写一个故事。
She is kind. 她很善良。（指她一贯心地善良）
She is being kind. 她现在显得很善良。（表示暂时性，平时她并不善良）
Tom types his own letters. 汤姆自己用打印机打信。（说明经常性）
Tom is typing his own letters today. 汤姆今天自己正在用打印机打信（表示暂时）
（2）有些动词，如：like, hate, believe, guess, know, mean, remember, hear, see, sound, seem等，不能用于进行时，即使表示说话时正在进行的动作也通常用一般现在时。如：
I know him. 我认识他。（不说：I am knowing him.）
Jenny likes this green coat.
某些动词既可用于一般现在时，又可用于现在进行时，但意义有所不同。试比较：
I feel (=think, believe) you are right/there’s something wrong. 我觉得（=认为、相信）你是对的/有点不对头。（这个意思不用进行时 ）
I’m feeling cold. 我觉得冷。
What are you thinking about? 你在想些什么。
What do you think of the idea? 你认为这个主意怎样？
某些表示身体感觉的词（如 hurt, ache, feel等），用一般现在时和现在进行时没有多大差别，只是进行时更生动、更有感情色彩。例如：
How do you feel today? (or: How are you feeling today?) 你今天的感觉怎样。
My head is aching. (or: My head aches.) 我头疼。
I feel cold.=I’m feeling cold. 我觉得冷。
（3）一般现在时说明事实，一般不带感情色彩；现在进行时与always, often, frequently等词连用时带有感情色彩。例如：
He always asks questions. 他总是提问题。（无感情色彩）
He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题。（表示强烈的感情色彩）
Don’t be complaining all the time. 别老是抱怨个不停。
She’s always blaming others. 她总是在埋怨别人。
2、一般过去时与现在完成时
（1）一般过去时只是单纯说明过去的情况，和现在不发生联系，它可以确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。（还没有找到）
She lost her pen yesterday. 她昨天把钢笔丢了。（现在找到与否，没有说明）
（2）有些时间状语，如 this morning, tonight, this month等，既可以用于一般过去时，也可以用于完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括“现在 ”而用于一般过去时则与“现在”无关。例如：
I have read this book this April. 我今年四月份看过这本书。（讲话时仍是四月）
I read this book this April. 我今年四月份看过这本书。（讲话时四月已过）
I have written two letters this morning. 今天上午我写了两封信。（讲话时仍是上午）
I wrote two letters this morning. 今天上午我写了两封信。（讲话时是下午或晚上）
3、一般过去时与过去进行时
一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，往往表示动作已结束；而过去进行时侧重动作正在进行、未完成。试比较：
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. （信写完了）
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. （信不一定写完）
I read a novel last night. 昨天晚上我看了一本小说。（指已经看完了）
I was reading a novel last night. 昨天晚上我在看小说。（指看了一些）
4、一般过去时和过去完成时
（1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时表示在过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。试比较：
The class had already begun when I came to school. 我来到学校时，已经开始上课。
He had gone home before I got to his office. 我到他办公室以前，他已回家了。
（2）有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时：
He called on me soon after he had returned. 他回来不久便拜访我。也可以说：He called on me soon after he returned.
The train had left before I got to the station. 我到车站时,火车已经开走了。也可以说：The train left before I got to the station。
（3）描述一连串的过去动作，无需用过去完成时，例如：
He stood up, took his bag, put on his hat, left the room and went away.
She looked around but saw nothing.
由于汉语与英语表达时态的方式不同，中国人在学习和应用英语时经常犯时态错误，尤其是在写信、写电子邮件、写记叙文时。常见的时态错误类型有：时态不对应；通篇须用几种时态时用一种时态；时态混用或串用（如在描写过去的经历时，有时用现在时）；不用进行时。我们如果在日常口头交际中犯点时态错误，这在所难免，也可以理解。但是，在正式场合，如正式写作中，就不能允许出现时态错误，因为这是英语语法的基础。我们学习时态的目的，主要在于应用。因此，在使用英语，尤其是在写作时，一定要有时态意识，长此以往就能养成正确使用时态的习惯。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇13：被动语态 ````(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)
被动语态
（一）简介
在英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者；
被动语态（passive voice）表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Saddam is being tried（审判）. ______________
The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. ______________
More and more people use computers now. ________________
Computers are more and more widely used now. ________________
（二）英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异
汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示，如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂，用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。
（三）被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词，因为不及物动词不能带宾语，也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态；被动语态常用的有8个，以give为例说明如下：
时态 动词形式
一般现在时 am/ is/ are given
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号；
否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。
如：
“面试的时候，用英语问你问题了吗？
“During the interview, ________________________________________”
“没有，没有用英语问我问题。”
“No, __________________________________.””
那家餐馆正在装修(decorate)吗？
___________________________________________?
那家餐馆没有在装修。
___________________________________________.
实际上，那家餐馆从来没有装修过。
In fact ______________________________________.
（四）被动语态的用法
1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。
I felt a little nervous when I was being interviewed.
These fighters are imported from Russia.
That place has been turned into a swimming pool.
2、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态
He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。
还有下列常用句型（that后面跟句子）：
据说 ________________________ 据报道 ___________________________
希望 ________________________ 人们相信 _________________________
据宣布 ______________________ 众所周知 _________________________
已经决定 ____________________ 人们认为 _________________________
有人建议 ____________________ 务必记住 _________________________
被视为当然 __________________
（五）主动句变被动句的注意事项
一、________________不能改变；
二、变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和________________ 在人称、数上保持一致。
还要作如下变动：
1. 把主动语态的_________变为被动语态的_____________；
2. 主动语态的主语放在介词 ________ 的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。
3. 在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。
They will open a new supermarket there soon.
A new supermarket will be opened there soon.
The doctor gave two lectures in English.
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English.
Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats.
We have been warned to be careful of rats.
4. 如果主动语态有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。
The reporters asked the president some questions.
The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
（六）含有情态动词的被动语态
句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：____________________
The timetable can be changed any time.
This book may not be taken out of the reading room.
This dictionary must be taken good care of.
（七）不能用于被动语态的动词
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。
2、表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、装下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等动词不能变为被动语态。例如：
Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager.
We like everybody to say what they think.
Do you wish me to stay？
Will you help me (to) do the work?
The war broke out in 1937.
This car belongs to me.
He has a good job.
They have a large house.
I’ll have him come early.
Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me.
We lack manpower at the moment.
My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars.
She resembles her father.
（八）关于被动语态的几点说明
1、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
They made him go.
He was made______________.
I heard him say good-bye to his friends.
He was heard _______________________.
2、除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:
I got lost in the huge market.
You might get killed/ hurt.
In the end this story got translated into English.
His car got damaged in a road accident.
3、在need, want, require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：
My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned)
Your garden needs watering. (=_______________________)
Does your suit require pressing, sir?
(=_______________________)
The car wants servicing. (=_______________________)
（九）练习
1、将下列句子变成被动语态：[主要步骤是：把原句的宾语变成主语（代词宾格要变成主格）；把原句的谓语动词变成被动形式（注意：时态不变，新谓语动词与新主语要一致，疑问句要注意助动词的转换）。复合句中如有可能主句和从句都要变成被动语态。]
1）He gave me a present.
2）My sister made the soup.
3）The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory.
4）The army engineers and soldiers have built a bridge over the river.
5）The police will surely arrest the thieves.
6）My brother will repair my bike for me.
7）You must clean your watch once a year.
8）I didn’t tell you Xiao Wang could do the job.
9）I cannot find my dictionary. Someone has taken it.
10）She cannot find her bag. Someone must have taken it.
11）The pupils asked the teacher to tell a story.
12）The Association asked Mr. Green to make a speech.
13）The government is sending him abroad.
14）He told me to wait here for him.
15）Mr. Hopkins has found his wallet.
16）The workers themselves invented the new machine.
17）They set up this hospital in 1950.
18）Tom broke the window.
19）Did you write the letter?
20）They do not make this kind of watches in Beijing.
21）People call him Little Old Man.
22）John answered all the questions.
23）The farmer was ploughing the field.
24）People speak English in almost all the countries of the world.
25）The wind blew the clouds away.
26）We shall paint the room.
27）Must I do all the exercises on my own?
28）I am going to ring Tom up.
29）Everyone expects that he will win.
30）Did you finish your composition in class?
31）Do you wash your clothes very often?
32）Have they paid you the money?
33）Mr. Wang gave us an English lesson.
34）He told his brother the news.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇14：试题(人教版高三英语上册教学论文)
1 Some students like staying up late into the night , ____ their lessons for the coming examination .
A to prepare B preparing C prepare D was preparing
2 ____ by the dog twice , he was afraid to go to my house again .
A Having bitten B Having been bitten C Biting D Being bitten
3 Before ____ white , the door should be cleaned thoroughly .
A painting B painted C being painted D having been painted
4 ____ , Tom is loved by all the people in the village .
A Being an honest man B Being that he is an honest man
C He is an honest man D An honest man being
5 The boy sat on the sofa , ___ TV programme attentively.
A watch B watched C watching D to watch
6 The pupil sat there , ___ what to do .
A does knowing B didn’t knowing C not known D not knowing
7 ___ , but he still could not understand it .
A He had been told many times B Having been told many times C Told many times D Although he had been told many times
8 ___ the meeting room , he found all the parents already ___ there .
A To enter ---sitting B Stepping into ---to seat
C Entered ---seat D Entering ---seated
9 ____ several kinds of machines , the workers got much money .
A Produced B Producing C Having produced D To produce
10 The nurse stood by the bed , ____ the sick girl .
A tending B to tend C tending D and tending
11 Living near the sea , ___ .
A we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight
B healthy air and beautiful fight is what we enjoy
C it is healthy air and beautiful sight is we enjoy
D so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight
12 I listened to the rain , ___ that she would not come tonight .
A thinking B to think C thought D being thinking
13 ___ the coffee , the girl washed the cup .
A To drink B Drinking C Having drunk D Having been drunk
14 ___ such a chance , why don’t you have a try ?
A To give B Having give C Given D Giving
15 ___ the past , our life is much better .
A Comparing with B Be compared
C To compare with D Compared with
16 I went to see him , ____ him out .
A finding B find C only to find D to finding
17 ___ , he went to ask his teacher for help .
A Not known how to do it B Unknown what to do
C Knowing how to do D Not knowing how to do it
18 ___ from space , the earth , with water ___ seventy percent of its surface , looks like a blue ball .
A Seen , covered B Seen , covering
C Seeing , covering D Seening ,covering
19 ___ it the heavy snow , he walked into an expensive shop .
A Having caught B To be caught
C Having been caught D Catching
20 She is writing a letter to a friend of hers , ___ him to attend the party .
A having invited B inviting C to invite D invited
21___ since the night before , she felt very hungry now .
A Having not eaten anything B Not eating anything
C Be hadn’t eaten anything D Not having eaten anything
1 The man ____ in a shop was sent to the police station .
A who caught stealing B to be caught stealing C caught to steal
D caught stealing
2 Everyone says he is a ____ boy .
A promised B promising C to promise D promise
3 A parcel ____ two jin has just been posted .
A weighted B weighing C to weigh D having weighted
4 She looked at me with ____ eyes
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇15：人教版 高三英语复习教案SBⅠ-Units 9-10
高三英语复习教案SBⅠ-Units 9-10
单元考点提示
1. 词汇:
although, believe, necessary, greatly, correct, form, repair, complete, information, improve, a waste of time, make a decision, bring down, thanks to, keep a record of, at one time, make a plan for, go up, the information on the computers, prefer to travel by air, shooting, gold, unusual, prize, have sports, horse-riding, in modern times, take part in, hand in, every four days, more and more, do one’s best to do sth .
2. 句型：
(1)And it’s bigger, although it’s more expensive.
(2)Can you try to get them to bring down the price?
(3)You might not be able to. . . until three days. . .
(4)It’s much easier to make plans for your trips.
(5)I prefer horse-riding to shooting.
(6)After that more and more countries joined in the game.
(7)They do their best to win medals.
(8)The place I used to go to is 7 kilometres away.
(9)the same as. . . /the same. . . as. . .
3. 交际用语：
(1)In my opinion, we should. . .
(2)What’s your opinion?
(3)I believe we should. . .
(4)I don’t think it’s necessary to buy.
(5)We must decide. . .
(6)I hope we can make a decision.
(7)Which do you prefer, . . . or. . .
(8)I prefer. . . to. . .
(9)Do you often have sports at school?
(10)Would you please let me know when. . .
(11)My favourite sport is. . .
考点精析与拓展
1. bring短语归纳
bring down(风)刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 养大，呕吐；bring about带来，引起；bring along捎来，带来，bring back 归还；bring out 拿出；bring in 赚（钱），带进，传入；bring on 端上（饭菜），引起（火灾），使……成长；
[应用]副词填空
①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate.
②Surely the new railway will bring ______ many changes
in this less developed area.
③Next time you come to China, be sure to bring ______your
friends.
④All the library books must be brought_______ before June20.
⑤Selling newspapers brings ______ enough money for my
schooling.
⑥Enough water can bring the rice _______ .
Key: ①up ②about ③along ④back ⑤in ⑥on
2. 动词 + up
go up(物价等)上涨，上升；build(up)one’s health使身体强壮；turn up 出席，到场，开大音量；divide up 分配；分给；set up 建立；come up走近，发芽；pick up 拾起，用车接，收听（节目）;send up发射；get up 起床；grow up 长大；look up仰望，查阅；eat up 吃光；drink up喝光；use up用光；stay/sit up熬夜；give up放弃；take up占空间，从事，开始干；keep up保持，继续；put up举起，建起；hang up挂起来；hold up举起；join up 连接起来；rise up奋起反抗；move up向前移动；lift up扶起;do up包，捆；hurry up赶快；call up 打电话；break up拆散，破裂;make up组成，化妆，编造；bring up抚养大；dress up打扮；add up加起来；warm up变暖，热身。
[应用]完成句子
①物价在天天上涨。
Prices are_____ _____ day after day.
②衣服常常挂在火炉附近。
The clothes are often_______ ______ near a fire.
③妈妈的把孩子扶起来，领走了。
The mother_____ the baby______ and took him away.
④他到乡下呆了一段时间，身体好了起来。
He went and stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _____ ______ ______ _______.
Key: ①going, up
②hung, up
③lifted, up
④built, up, his, health
3. 否定转移
I/We think, believe, suppose, imagine接宾语从句时，通常否定主句谓语;但变反意问句时，却必须和从句的人称、谓语保持一致，而且要考虑主句中有无 not。如：I don’t think she is right, isn’t?/I believe that they will win the match, won’t they?
[应用]汉译英
①我猜今天夜里不会有雨。
②我们认为美国不会赞同我们的和平计划。
Key:
①I don’t suppose there will be rain this night.
②We don’t think America will agree to our peace plan.
5. improve
1)用作及物动词，意为“改善，使更好，增进，提高”。如：
improve one’s English/the living conditions/one’s method of study/oneself in maths提高英语水平/改善居住条件/改进学习方法/提高教学水平。
2)用作不及物动词，意为“变得更好，增加。”如：
After two days’ rest his health is improving.
经过两天的休息，他的健康状况在好转。
3)用作名词：improvement of soil土壤改良；make improvement in 在某方面作出改进
[应用]一句多译
①他的中文水平在不断提高。
②这篇文章你最好有所改进。
Key:
①His Chinese is improving. /He is improving his Chinese.
②You’d better improve your article. /You’d better make
improvement in your article.
6. 常用的单位量词
a piece of diary一则日记；a sheet of paper 一张纸；a suit
of clothes一套服装；an article of clothing一件衣服；a crowd
of people一群人；a basin of water 一盆水;a block of wood一块木头；a cake of soap 一块肥皂；a bottle of ink一瓶墨水；a grain of sand 一粒沙子；a group of tall trees 一片高树；a team of players一队运动员；a copy of China Youth 一分《中国青年》；a drop of oil 一滴油；a loaf of bread一块面包；a pack of cigarettes一包烟；a pair of socks一双短袜；a tin of beer一罐啤酒；a set of equipment一套设备；a bucket of water一桶水；a couple of eggs两个鸡蛋；a pile of old books 一堆旧书；a bowl of rice 一碗米饭；a handful of sand一把（少量的）沙
注意：上述单位量词本身具有复数形式，亦可被具体数字修饰，句中的谓语多用复数形式。
[应用]汉译英
①搬家时成堆的旧书被卖掉。
②三条重要新闻刊登在头版。
Key:
①Piles of old books were sold when we moved.
②Three pieces of important news were printed in the front page.
7. complete, finish
二个词都有“完成”之意，但complete更突出使一切完备、没有欠缺、多指完成工程、设计等。而finish是一般用语。常用短语有：complete the work完成工作；complete the new railway 修完铁路；complete one’s collection of stamps完备集邮；finish one’s homework/middle school/writing the article 完成作业/中学毕业/写完文章。
注意：complete还可用作形容词，意为“完全的，彻底的、完成了的”。completely 是副词，“完全地、彻底地”。如：a complete sentence/strange/success/failure完整的句子/完全陌生/完全成功/彻底的失败。This job is completely new to me. 这项工作对我来说是完全陌生的。
[应用]单句改错
①You have to finish to read the whole passage in five
minutes.
②Professor Smith has been complete successful in working out the problem.
Key:
①改to read为reading, 因为finish后只能接动名词。
②改complete为completely。
8. necessary
necessary主要用于两种句型：①It’s necessary for sb. to do
sth. 某人有必要做某事②It’s necessary that…有必要……。注意：that从句中谓语用should + 动词原型，should 可省略。另外：不能使用sb. is necessary to do 结构，因为通常是“某事或做某事有必要”，而非人有必要。误：He is necessary to return home this afternoon. 正：It’s necessary for him to return home this afternoon.
[应用]汉译英
①他有必要改进自己的学习方法。
②有必要的话，我们可以多雇几个人收庄稼。
Key:
①It’s necessary for him to improve his method of study:/It’s necessary that the should improve his method of study。
②If necessary, we’ll employ more men for the harvest.
9. repair
1)用作名词，表示“修理，维修”。
①可用单数和复数形式，但不和数词或不定冠词连用。This car
needs a lot of repairs before you can use it. 这部汽车需要大修之后才能使用。/The repair of the ship cost much money. 这艘轮船的修理花了很多钱。
②短语：make repairs/do repairs 修理（必须用复数）；under repair 在修理；be out of repair失修
2)用作动词，仍作“修理、维修”解。
注意：repair, mend, fix三者的区别。
①repair多指修理的物体较庞大，构造较复杂或损坏严重的东西。如：repair a bridge/house/car/TV set/watch修桥/房子/汽车/电视/手表。习惯上可用于指补鞋，但不用于指补衣服。
②mend 多用于指修理的物体较小，结构较简单的日常用具，或缝补衣服、袜子等。如：mend a shoe/sock/basket/box/pen补鞋/袜子/篮球/修补箱子/修钢笔。
③fix 是美国英语，可与repair替换。如：fix a machine/chair/typewriter修机器/椅子/打字机。
[应用]完成句子
①游泳池今天不开放，因为正在维修。
The swimming pool won’t be open today because they are_____.
②这座房子已经是年久失修了。
This house has been____ ______ _____ for many years。
③你过不去，大桥正在维修。
You can’t go through because the bridge is _____ _____.
Key:①making, repairs
②out, of, repair
③under repair或:being, repaired
10. 表示“决心、决定做”的几个用法
1)decide to do 决定做
We decided to put off the trip to the U. S. 我们决定推迟美国之行。
2)make a decision to do ：
He has made a decision to buy a new computer.
他已决定买一台新电脑。
3)make up one’s mind to do
The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education.
那位医生决定出国深造。
4)determine to do
We have determined to get the work done before National Day.
我们已决定国庆节前完成这项工作。
5)be determined to do
He is determined to give up smoking.
他决心戒烟。
6)decide that……(从句中动词用should + 动词原形)
We decided that we should widen the road.
我们决定拓宽这条路。
[应用]一句多译：这位年轻科学家决心继续自己的研究。
Key:
The young scientist was determined to go on with his
research. /He determined to go on with his research. /He
decided that he should go on with his research. /He made up
his mind to go on with his research. /He made a decision to go on with his research. /He decided to go on with his research.
11. welcome
1)welcome sb. warmly/give sb. a warm welcome热烈欢迎某人；have a rather cold welcome 受到冷遇
2)You are welcome to …欢迎光临某地；Welcome to China. 欢迎到中国来；You are welcome. 不用谢，别客气（回答感谢）。
[应用]完成句子
①我们没料到他们会如此热烈地欢迎我们。
We didn’t expect that they_____ us such a warm _____.
②欢迎你们到我们学校来。
You are ____ _____ our school.
Key: ①gave, welcome
②welcome, to
12. 疑问词 +不定式
what , how, when, where, whether, which等疑问词 + 不定式构成的短语相当于名词从句，多用在ask, decide, know, tell, explain, find out, consider, wonder后作宾语，可以改换成相应意义的宾语从句对比:
①Please show us how to use it. /Please show us how we will use it.
请为我们示范一下如何使用。
②We don’t know whether to accept his invitation. /We don’t
know whether we should accept his invitation.
我们不知道是否应该接受他的邀请。
[应用]填空
①There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______ to buy. (MET’92)
A what B. which C. how D. where
②Last summer I took a course on _______. (MET’90)
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
Key:①B ②A
13. hold短语归纳
hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手；hold me by the arm抓住我的胳臂；hold one’s breath屏住气；hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水；hold a meeting 开会；hold 100 passengers容纳100名乘客；hold a position守住阵地；hold back 阻止；hold one’s head high昂首，趾高气扬；hold up the wounded part 抬高受伤的部位； hold it tight 抓紧；hold everything in secret 对一切都保密；catch/get/take hold of a rope 抓住绳子；hold a child in one’s arms 怀抱孩子；hold a final examination举行期末考试
[应用]介、副词填空
①Nothing can hold______the wheel of the history.
②I held her _____ the hand and tried to follow her.
③He was saved by taking hold______ the big stick.
④Please hold______ your hand if you have any questions to ask.
Key: ①back ②by ③of ④up
14. time
1)表示“时间”，不可数
most of the time 大部分时间;enough time 足够的时间；ahead of time 提前；spare time 抽出时间；spend time 度过时间;take some time 花一些时间；pass time 度过一段时间；waste time 浪费时间；devote time in时间用在某方面；save time 节省时间
2)表示“次数，倍”解，是可数名词，有单复数
three times 三次；how many times 几次；five times as large as…五倍的大小；this time 这一次；last time 上一次；next time 下一次；each/every time 每一次；for the first time 第一次；
3)表示“时代，时报”多用复数形式
in the old times 在古时候；in ancient/modern times 在古代/现代；in one’s time 在某人那个时代；be ahead of one’s time 在时代面前；at the time of 在……时代；New York Times纽约时报
注意：have a good time 过得愉快，have a hard time/have hard times 日子过得艰难
[应用]完成句子
①每次我去见他，他都忙着工作。
____ _____ I called on him, he was busy with his work.
②这是我第一次来到北京。
This is ______ ______ _____ _____ I have been to Beijing.
③她那个时候妇女不能上学。
______ _____ ______ women could not go to school.
④六十年代那里的人们日子过得很艰难。
In the 1960’s the people there_____ _____ _____.
Key: ①Each, time ②the, first, time, that ③In, her, time,
④had, hard, times
15. 比较级 + and + 比较级
more and more countries 越来越多的国家；fewer and fewer students越来越少的学生；less and less time 越来越少的时间；more and more beautiful越来越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 变得越来越瘦；fly higher and higher 飞得越来越高；run more and more slowly跑得越来越慢，become stronger and stronger 越来越强大;
[应用]汉译英
①越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
②飞机飞得越来越高直到看不见了。
Key:
①More and more people realize the importance of
learning a foreigh language well.
②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of
sight.
16. be on
on 表明所处的状态，意为“为……工作，在……服务”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替换。
I’m on the school team.
我属于校队。
She is on Times newspaper.
她在时代报社工作。
[应用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.
Key: ①are, on ②is, on
17. prefer宁愿，更喜欢
1)接名词、代词
Which do you prefer, rice or bread? I would prefer rice.
米饭和面包你更愿意吃什么？我宁愿吃米饭。
2)接不定式
Jake preferred to have some Chinese food.
杰克更喜欢吃中餐。
3)接动名词
I prefer doing some writing in my spare time.
我更喜欢业余时间写点什么。
4)跟不定式的复合结构
I should prefer you not to stay there too long.
我希望你不要在那里呆太久。
5)接that从句（从句中用should型虚拟语气）
We prefer that we (should)have the discussion after the lecture.
我们宁愿一听完课就讨论。
6)用于特殊句型：
①prefer…to…宁愿……不愿，与……相比更喜欢（后接名词、代词、动名词）
I prefer popular songs to folk songs.
和民歌相比我更喜欢流行歌曲。
She prefers singing to dancing.
跳舞和唱歌她更喜欢唱歌。
②prefer-rather than…宁愿……而不愿（prefer后接带to 的不定式，rather than后省略to）
I prefer to write my letter rather than type it.
我宁愿写而不愿打印这封信。
[应用]选择正确答案
①Rather than _____on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____a
bicycle. (MET’94)
A. ride, rode B. riding, ride
C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding
②They would prefer_____ with them.
A. her not going B. her not to go
C. she didn’t D. she not to go
Key:①C ②B
18. game, race, match
三个词都有“比赛”之意。game通常指“游戏、比赛”，其复数形式往往指大型运动会。race多指赛跑，赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。match指竞技比赛。
[应用]英译汉
①play games
②play a game of basketball
③the Asian Games
④horse race.
⑤a 1, 500-metre race
⑥run a race
⑦have a volleyball match
⑧watch a match
Key:①做游戏，比赛 ②进行一次篮球比赛 ③亚运会 ④赛马 ⑤一千五百米赛跑 ⑥赛跑 ⑦举行排球比赛 ⑧观看比赛
经典名题导解
1. If______, we’ll go.
A. necessary B. being necessary
C. to be necessary D. it necessary
解析：此题考题“it+形容词或分词”作状语的结构。在英语中由if it is+adj引起的条件从句可以省略it is, 直接用“if+adj或分词”的结构来代替类似的用法是when和while引起的时间从句中也可用“when/while+adj或分词”来代替“when/while it is. . . 句型”。本题答案为A。
2. At what time shall we______?
A. reach B. arrive C. get to D. arrive in
解析：此题考查reach, arrive, get to等词的用法。reach是一个及物动词，get to 也是一个及物动词短语，表示“到达某地”时后面都应该加上一个宾语。而arrive 是一个不及物动词，后面可以不用宾语，如表示到达某地则用arrive in/at。本题答案为B。
3. _____to call.
A. You are enough B. You are so kind
C. It’s very kind of you D. It’s kind for you
解析：此题考查it is+adj+of/for sb. to do sth. 的结构。在“it is+adj+of/for sb. to do sth. ”的结构中。介词的使用很容易出现差错。一般来说如形容词是用来修饰人、表示人的特性特征的话用介词of , 如形容词是用来修饰to do sth. 的话用介词for。故本题答案用C。
4. Is this factory _______ he worked in last year?
A. that B. which C. the one D. where
解析：此题考查的是定语从句的用法。定语从句是本单元的重点语法内容。定语从句应有先行词，但本句话没有先行词，故本题正确答案为C。
5. This is the library______ we can borrow books.
A. which B. that C. from which D. in which
解析：此题考查的是定语从句中关系代词的用法。关系代词在句子中的选择要根据先行词在从句中的作用（即充当的句子成分）来决定。其基本规律是先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时用that/who 或 which, 作介词宾语时用介词+which或介词+whom（人）。本句意思是“我们可以从这家图书馆借到书。”故用介词+which (物)。所以本题答案为C。
篇16：高三英语上册教学工作计划
高三英语上册教学工作计划
一、指导思想
以教学大纲，考试说明为依据，以新课程标准为准绳，以人教版新教材为依托和基础，制定全面的、科学的、系统的、针对性强的复习计划，来充分提高我校学生的英语基础水平。并且密切关注今年的高考动态，联系学生的实际情况，充分发挥学生潜能，学生非智力因素，调动学生学习积极性，扎扎实实抓好双基，通过综合训练，培养学生运用知识的能力，努力提高学生的综合素质和解题技巧，以适应高考形式和要求。
二、情况分析
本学期我任教高三年级（1）、（4）班。学生虽然已经过两年的高中英语训练，但情况仍不容乐观。主要问题有：基础不够扎实，英语词汇积累不够，知识面狭窄，综合能力堪忧。学生的语言运用能力欠缺，完形填空、阅读理解得分率比较低，尤其是面对写作，无从下手。书面表达明显存在诸多不规范现象。学习动力不足，多数学生不具备英语学习能力。在学习过程中缺乏主动性和积极性，好的学习习惯与方法还未养成。成绩分化太大，差距大，高分的尖子生少，学生普遍存在知识缺陷。所以在对学生全面强化督促的同时，如何抓好基础，强化针对性，有的放矢提高讲和练的方法及效益，成为专项与整体复习中的一大挑战。
三、教学原则
坚持“以老师为主导,学生为主体的教学原则”，教学力争
1）全：教学要覆盖高考考纲所要求的全部知识与技能，不缺不漏。
2）精：把握高考脉搏，精心设计教学内容和知识呈现方式。
3）巧：把住高考方向，教师巧教，着重学法的引导和指点，教学中做到知识与能力相结合，点与面相结合。这是高考制胜的关
4）稳：在学生原有英语知识的基础上，稳步提高他们听、读、写、等技能。在不同的阶段有所侧重地解决学生存在的问题，使学生的总体备考得到来自不同阶段、不同角度、不同内容的辐射。
5）准：抓准教学中存在的各种问题，研究策略，科学解决问题；夯实基础，诊断学情，发展能力，扩大输入，分层要求，调整心态，做好预测。
6）狠：狠抓年级尖子生、线边生和英语学科优秀生。抓住中等生，促进学困生，进一步提高优等生。
总之，我们的'原则就是：立足基础，提升能力；巩固基础和专题训练相结合。通过系统扎实的第一轮复习，帮助学生梳理知识、夯实基础。抓住中等生，促进学困生，进一步提高优等生。二轮侧重培养应试技能，三轮综合以查漏补缺。力争在2012年高考中取得较为满意的成绩。
四．具体措施
1．每天提前告知第二天晨读的内容和检查内容与手段；
2．每天的作业内容以阅读理解和完形填空为主。（阅读理解每次两篇，坚持天天做；完形填空每周三篇）；
3．每周安排三次听力练习；
4．每周安排做三篇阅读；
5．每两周安排做一篇书面表达，及时批改，评讲；
6．每周要求学生在一周时间内面背作文范文，并于下周抽时间通知默写；
7．每周至少安排两次10句的中翻英，每次每组抽一名同学面批，并要求该名同学批改他所在组的。
8．加强课后的辅导、批改，及时反馈，尽量做到当日的知识当日让学生理解，第二天反馈；
9．每单元单词、动词和短语过关，每天进行或单词或词组或句子的默写，每天的默写内容提前一天通知到位，默写前再学生读背复习，以此提高每天的复习质量；
10．每1-2周一次单元测试，试后及时批改，讲析，点评。
【高三英语Units 7-8教学讲义(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)】相关文章：
1.高一英语学案Units 7-8 (B1)(人教版高一英语教案教学设计)
3.Unit 2 Integrating skills(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
4.高三第一轮复习教案 高一 unit 2(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
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