GMAT逻辑题型标志词总结
“林北”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇GMAT逻辑题型标志词总结，以下是小编为大家准备的GMAT逻辑题型标志词总结，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
篇1：GMAT逻辑题型标志词总结
在面对gmat逻辑题目的时候，第一步就是看准问题，明确题目类型，从而运用不同的技巧解题。下面我们就对各种题型的关键词做一个总结，希望可以帮助你在考场上从容面对各种问题。
一.归纳题
标志词：conclusion; inferred; implied; supported; if above true, then it is also true。(注：support不仅仅用于归纳法。举例来说，归纳法的表达应为： which of the following are supported by the argument above? 如果换个说法就可以变成加强题型的表述：which of the following support the argument above?所以在解题的时候要格外小心。)
二.演绎题
1.第一种文章：前提推结论型
a.假设题：
标志词：assume; assumption; presuppose (特指对于前提的假设); additional premise; not true unless; depend on; rely on.
b.加强题：
标志词：support(注意和归纳题目的区分); strengthen, conclusion can be drawn if it were true that.
c.削弱题：
标志词：weaken; cast doubt; argue against; damage; counter; challenge; flaw; refute; jeopardize; criticism; undermine; drawback; reasoning error; weakness. (其中flaw，criticism，reasoning error和weakness属于名词性的削弱)。
d.评价题：
标志词：evaluate，appraisal。(根据加强题做)
2.第二种文章：因果结构
文章内部标志词：a is due to b; a is attribute to b; a is result of b; blame b on/for a; b is responsible for
a; credit a to b.
问题中的标志词：explanation; interpretation; hypothesis。
3.第三种文章：“变态结构”(表面上仍然是前提推出结论的结构，实质为因果结构，即结论是前提的解释)。此类文章没有与众不同的标志词，需要考生在实战时分析判断。
从题型上看，第一类文章的线索显然多于后两类，也就是说解题上较为方便，幸运的是第一类题目一般占去了考题的绝大部分，所以说还是有技巧可寻的。
篇2：LSAT题型与GMAT逻辑的异同
lsat逻辑题型及典型问法：
△加强题
which one of the following statements, if added as a premise to the
argument, would make the conclusion valid / strengthen the argument?
which one of the following, if true, would make the conclusion in the
passage a logical conclusion?
which one of the following is an additional piece of information that
would support the conclusion?
△削弱题
which one of the following statements, if true, most clearly
undermines / seriously weaken the conclusion / argument?
which one of the following assertions, if true, provides the most
effective challenge to the author’s conclusion?
△假设题
which one of the following is an assumption on which the author’s
argument relies?
which one of the following most accurately states a hidden assumption
that the author must make insgroupsto advance the argument above?
which one of the following is a presupposition essential to the
reasoning in the passage above?
△评价题
which one of the following is the most accurate evaluation of the
author’s reply?
which one of the following principles, if valid, justifies the author’
s argument?
which one of the following would it be most helpful to know insgroupsto
evaluate the argument?
△解释题
the author concludes that ... partly because...
which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly against the
explanation reported in the passage?
which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why ...?
which one of the following principles, if established, would justify
the judgments about a’s & b’s actions?)
△矛盾解决题(也可归类到解释题里)
which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent
discrepancy between the two?
which one of the following, if true, most helps explain the difference
in...?
which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the
author’s decision with the goal stated in the passage?
△结论(归纳)题
it can be concluded from the statements above that...
which one of the following statements most accurately expresses the
author’s main point?
which one of the following statements cannot be true?
which one of the following inferences can be most reliably drawn from
the passage above?
the passage as a whole is structured to lead to which one of the
following conclusions?
which one of the following is the best statement of the primary point
of the passage?
each of the following can be inferred from his argument except...
which one of the following claims is central to the author’s argument?
if the statements above are true, then which one of the following must
also be true?
△句子完成(划线填空)题
which one of the following is the best completion of the argument above?
based on the passage above, which phrase does not provide a logical
completion to the following sentence?
△信息支持(反向加强)题
which one of the following is most strongly supported by the
information above?
the statement above, if true, most strongly support which one of the
following claim?
△推理缺陷题
what is the flaw in the reasoning above?
the author’s argument is logically flawed in that it...
the source of the man’s erroneous reasoning is his...
the reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that
it...
△逻辑相似性题
which one of the following is most similar in logic to the argument
above?
which one of the following exhibits the same logical flaw as that
exhibited above?
which one of the following could be best supported by the same type of
reasoning as that exhibited in the passage?
which one of the following contains the error of reasoning described by
the author in the passage?
which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed pattern of
reasoning in the author’s reply?
△逻辑相悖题
in which one of the following situations is the principle expressed
most clearly violated?
△两人争论内容题
the source of a & b’s dispute is their lack of agreement on which one
of the following terms? which one of the following is the point at issue
between a & b?
△逻辑策略方法题
which one of the following is the best line of causal analysis for a to
do?
the author establishes his position in the passage by doing which one
of the following?
the author of the passage argues by...;the argument seeks to do which
one of the following?
a most seriously weakens b’s argument by doing which one of the
following?which one of the following techniques of argument does the author
use in the passage?
a’s statement most closely conforms to which one of the following
principles?
the relationship if a’s response to b’s argument is that a’s
response...a responds to b’s argument by...how is a’s response related to
b’s argument?
注：有些问法可以归为不止一类；一些较冷僻的问法没有列在括号里，但应该不会影响
判断。
从以上题型可以看出，lsat前几种题型和gmat是完全一样的，这类题要么难度和gmat不
相上下，要么在阅读难度和逻辑绕圈子上难一些，是较之gmat更上一层楼的题。
后几种涉及到逻辑推理的具体方法，gmat中没涉及到，但其实后几种才是lsat的精华，
才是真正提高逻辑水平的训练，才是lsat借以crack gmat的法宝，所以是不能略去不做的。
gmat逻辑有“句子作用题”，lsat中没涉及到，但基本上靠新东方给的方法就能搞定，
有阅读能力作后盾这种题更是小菜。通过练习逻辑策略方法题，做句子作用题的能力可以得
到很大的提高。
篇3：LSAT考试逻辑单题题型总结
考试由四个SECTION组成，一个阅读理解，一个逻辑组题，剩下两个是逻辑单题，本捷进大法主要讨论通过练习CRACK LSAT逻辑单题而达到CRACK GMAT逻辑题目的的理论方法、步骤、操作实例、注意事项等。
本来在下在复习GMAT时，对LSAT是很不屑一顾的(这样说也不对，应该叫很不以为然吧 )，不过那天有个MM拿LSAT题让我帮她看看，硬着头皮做了两套，大概100道单题，突然发现自己对老米的逻辑思路有了更深一层的认识。再拿出GMAT笔试真题以前做错的题，发现自己以前错得“莫名其妙(十分愚蠢)”，而不少费费从答案倒推和自己牵强附会的“解释”也是狗P不是。于是开始猛攻LSAT逻辑单题，颇有收获。总结了一些东西，希望对大家有用。
LSAT逻辑题型及典型问法：
加强题(Which one of the following statements, if added as a premise to the argument, would make the conclusion valid / strengthen the argument?; Which one of the following, if true, would make the conclusion in the passage a logical conclusion?; Which one of the following is an additional piece of information that would support the conclusion?)
削弱题(Which one of the following statements, if true, most clearly undermines / seriously weaken the conclusion / argument?; Which one of the followingassertions, if true, provides the most effective challenge to the author’s conclusion?)
假设题(Which one of the following is an assumption on which the author’s argument relies?; Which one of the following most accurately states a hidden assumption that the author must make in order to adva.
篇4：托福阅读逻辑信号词总结
托福阅读当中，逻辑信号词好比旅途中的路标与灯塔，让你不致迷路，可以朝着发现解题题眼的正确方向迈进，所以，熟练掌握各类托福阅读信号词是托福高分的基本条件之一。
托福阅读逻辑信号词总结
1.显示相同信息的信号词
There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.
“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：
and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2.显示思路转折的信号词
I'd like to go but I'm too busy.
“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet
3.显示因果关系的信号词
As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.
所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：
for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently
4.显示顺序的信号词
Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.
抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally
5.表示结论/总结的信号词
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
全面详细归纳托福阅读中的信号词
1.主题
主题类信号词一般出现在讲座开头，例如
●let's...
●Today, I will be talking about ...
●Today，we’ll focus on/ discuss...
但有些讲座的教授在点明主题之前会提及其它信息，例如：
●Last time, we talked about ... today, we will be discussing ...
●We’ve been talking about ... Today, let’s discuss ...
●Continuing ... Today, we will ...
此时，today后面的内容才是关键，不能被today前面的内容误导了。
2.定义
下定义也是讲座中常见的内容，被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容，需要做笔记。
此类信号词有：
●what I mean is
●All that means is
●which is / that is
●in other words，...
●... is referred to as...
●... is named/known/called
3.举例
比起例子中的种.种细节，教授借例子说明的道理更为关键。
听到for instance，such as，namely，as an example，take example for，say，consider，take之类的字眼后，考生需要回忆起举例之前讲解的内容。
TIP：有些教授讲完例子后会进行总结，如果考生记不起例子之前的内容，此时记下总结性话语也能保证答题哟。
4.对比
讲座中，教授常常对比两个容易混淆的概念。我们需分别记录两者异同。此处一定会出现出题点。
常见的对比类信号词有：
●We should not confuse A and B
●A is different from B
●First, let’s make a clear distinction between A and B
●compare to
●contrast
●Unlike
●similar to
●in contrast to
●...differently
●...differ
●alike
●resemble
●on the other hand，
●instead，
●likewise，
●in the same way等。
5.分类
阐述关键概念时，教授常讲解此概念的相关分类。
例如，阐述海豚发声方式时，会具体阐述是哪几种发声方式，即whistles，cliques和burst pulses。
通常教授会点明分类的数量，但也可能不给出具体数据，而是笼统地说有“很多种”。
例如，there are many types of ...，we gather data in a variety of ways ...。
6.因果
学术讲座中，因果是常见的逻辑关系之一。细节题多出现于此处。
表示原因的信号词有：because，because of，due to，since，as，for，the reason is，that’s why，by reason of，owing to。
表示结果的信号词有：so, so that, therefore, thereby, hereby, thus, as a result, consequently, hence, accordingly。
7.转折
转折是对前文的否定，转折后面出现的信息往往需要强调，此处多为出题点。
常见的表示转折的信号词有：but，however，nevertheless，while, yet, unless, except for, actually，in fact, to tell you the truth，practically，virtually，as a matter of fact。
8.结论
讲座的最后也可能是出题点，而且该点比较容易得分。结论是最新获得的信息，遗忘率最低。咱们千万不能放弃这类题。
常见的结论性信号词有：conclusion，summarize，make a summary，in brief，in short，in a word，in a conclusion，finally，all in all，to sum up。
托福阅读题型讲义分类资料
托福阅读分类题型讲义内容节选：
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and Line weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during
(5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber—or lint—from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were
(10) concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a handpowered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from
(15) seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American
(20) export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton. In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic.
The(25) growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
(A) cotton's softness
(B) cotton's ease of processing
(C) a shortage of flax and wool
(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
答案：C
托福阅读分数对照表
托福阅读评分标准是这样的：托福阅读三篇文章，每篇12-14道题，如果有加试的话，从所有考题中选3篇阅读题目计分。回答正确的总题目数量加起来就是你的总分。除托福阅读观点题和归类题以外，每道题分值1分。重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。托福阅读分数范围为0-30分。在托福官方指南中，关于托福阅读评分标准的描述是这样的：The Reading Section score is based on your performance on multiple-choice items. Except for the last question of each set， you received one point for each of the questions you answered correctly. The total points that you received were than converted to a score on a scale from 0-30. The reported score for the Reading Section will always be on this scale of 0-30.
The last question in each set is worth 2 points. These questions were scored as follows：
If you had： You received
1 correct answers 0 points
2 correct answers 1 point
3 correct answers 2 points
小编提醒考生注意：托福阅读应该计算实际拿到多少原始分“Raw Point Total(0-45)”，再参照评分表，计算最后的分数(0-30)。不同版本的试卷因难度不同有不同的转换标准，所以托福阅读是没有固定的评分表的。
篇5：考研英语 逻辑衔接词用法总结
考研英语 逻辑衔接词用法总结
逻辑衔接词在考研英语中有着很重要的作用，常常是出题考点，出现在考研英语中的各大题型，特别是在阅读理解和写作中，它们的'分数比例占了整个卷面分数的90%，如果能够比较娴熟地运用逻辑衔接词，很多问题就可以迎刃而解。中国教育在线考研频道对这部分进行了总结，希望给广大考生带来帮助。
表举例 for example ，to name a few, say , such as，to list but a few, for instance
表递进in addition, furthermore ,what’s more, what’s worse, additionally
表对比 whereas, while, as opposed to, by contrast, by comparison, on the contrary, oppositely, but, yet
表示时间：in general, every, some, sometimes, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile
表示转折：although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise
表示时间顺序：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally
表示空间顺序：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right (left)，around，outside
表示对照：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
表示结 果 和 原 因：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。
表示目的：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
表示强调：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
表示解释说明：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually
表示总结：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated
这些词或短语起到一个衔接和过渡的作用，使句子间的句子关系更富有逻辑性。比如在写作时，我们完全可以灵活去用这些词语，在表示转折时，很多考生只会用but, but到底，分数肯定不会很高，你完全可以用其它词来替换，比如however, on the other hand等，这样词汇不就更加多元化了吗。
篇6：考研英语辅导 逻辑衔接词用法总结
2014考研英语辅导 逻辑衔接词用法总结
逻辑衔接词在考研英语中有着很重要的作用，常常是出题考点，出现在考研英语中的各大题型，特别是在阅读理解和写作中，它们的分数比例占了整个卷面分数的90%，如果能够比较娴熟地运用逻辑衔接词，很多问题就可以迎刃而解。下文对这部分进行了总结，希望给广大2014年的考生带来帮助。
表举例 for example ，to name a few, say , such as，to list but a few, for instance
表递进in addition, furthermore ,what’s more, what’s worse, additionally
表对比 whereas, while, as opposed to, by contrast, by comparison, on the contrary, oppositely, but, yet
表示时间：in general, every, some, sometimes, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile
表示转折：although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise
表示时间顺序：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally
表示空间顺序：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right (left)，around，outside
表示对照：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
表示结 果 和 原 因：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。
表示目的：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
表示强调：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
表示解释说明：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually
表示总结：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated
这些词或短语起到一个衔接和过渡的作用，使句子间的'句子关系更富有逻辑性。比如在写作时，我们完全可以灵活去用这些词语，在表示转折时，很多考生只会用but, but到底，分数肯定不会很高，你完全可以用其它词来替换，比如however, on the other hand等，这样词汇不就更加多元化了吗。考研辅导专家建议2014年的考生把以上表示衔接的词汇熟记于心，并在复习中不断实践!
【GMAT逻辑题型标志词总结】相关文章：
2.逻辑狗教学总结
8.总结陈词
9.企业标志调查报告
10.大班《标志》教案
文档为doc格式
