CATTI资格考试经典答疑
“FKUK”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇CATTI资格考试经典答疑，下面是小编帮大家整理后的CATTI资格考试经典答疑，希望对大家的学习与工作有所帮助。
篇1：CATTI资格考试经典答疑
CATTI资格考试经典答疑
一、关于考试报名
问：现在就可以报名参加翻译专业的考试吗？
答：每年5月、11月都有相关语种的翻译资格考试，请在2-3或7-9月关注报名事宜。
问：我今年错了一级翻译报名，请问今后一直一年只有一次报名、考试机会吗？可否参考二级和三级考试，每年有两次机会？
答：一级考试每年在上半年举行，每年一次。考试可以同时根据个人能力和水平报不同等级或类别。
问：老师您好，准备mti的大三学生您建议报考二级还是三级？
答：建议从3级考起。
问：这个考试有什么限制？有什么参考教材？有培训吗？
答：翻译考试没有任何报名条件限制，只要具有合法身份都可以报名。面向社会，二、三级不限制年龄、专业等，根据个人水平报考。
问：笔译考试现在在市场的认可度如何？
答：考试证书从事职业翻译的通行证。
问：身边有人这么跟我说，男性35岁前、女性30岁前通过这考试就有含金量，过了这岁数考了也没用，真的是这样吗？
答：翻译考试证书与翻译系列职称衔接，对于翻译专业人员和自由职业者都有很高含金量，没有年龄方面的问题。
问：您好，请问三级，二级的考试和中级初级的是同一种考试吗？
答：全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试，简称CATTI,设有资深、一级、二级、三级四个级别，相互对应的翻译系列职称为：译审、副译审、翻译、助理翻译。
问：MTI硕士是否必须在毕业前拿到二级口笔译证书呢？还是口笔译其中之一？又或者没有硬性标准？
答：MTI硕士在学校期间要求必须参加二级考试，不分口笔译，参加一个类别即可。
问：我是一个非英语专业的学生，我一个人月以前才知道这个考试，并且报名考试了，我感到有点迷茫。老师说我考的没有用，我还是很努力地准备着，我感觉压力里很大，我该怎样在最后的几天做好复习呢？
答：该考试属于重在实践的职业资格考试，面向社会，非英语专业的有很多参考考试并通过的，不要焦虑。考试证书全国范围内通用，与翻译职称聘任接轨，与行业会员制衔接。
问：请问各地准考证打印是什么时间？
答：全国翻译专业资格考试各地的准考证打印时间不同，请注意自己当地的时间。下半年CATTI考试准考证打印时间汇总>>>
二、关于考试备考
问：请问今年二级笔译和口译的话题有什么方向呢？
答：请关注最近两三年的热点问题。
问：考试快到啦，现在应该着重复习那些方面呀？
答：翻译实践的练习是考前复习的重点。
问：距离明年上半年的考试大概还有半年的时间，如果从现在开始准备需要从哪方面着手呢？这个考试是很早之前就想参加的，可是在英语学习状态和水准最高的时候没有，现在已经脱离那个语言环境很久，很担心没法应对。
答：考试重在实践能力的考察。
问：二笔考试合格的考生人数是否有限定？考前备考的阶段除了学习指定教材以外还可以通过什么方式或者什么书籍进行复习呢？
答：没有通过率的限定。二级翻译要达到中级翻译的水平。多加实践。
问：请问实务考题是趋向一般性的演讲，还是政府报告、发言那类的~~~谢谢！
答：实务考试取材广泛，政府报告当然是考试重点考察之一。
问：请问二级笔译相比三级难在哪儿呢？涉及的知识和技巧更多吗？英语专业大三准备考翻译硕士的学生，该准备二级还是三级呢？有必要参加专门辅导吗？谢谢老师。
答：三级翻译应具备助理翻译的水平；二级翻译应具备中级翻译的水平。建议报考三级。
问：人的精力是有限的，翻译的方向也会不同，不可能面面俱到，而且专精于某一类的翻译非常稀缺，请问能再细分下考试方向么？比如笔译可以考文学类、科技类、经贸类、法律类等当中的一项来考呢？
答：翻译资格考试已推出7个语种的一、二、三级口笔译考试，现在已经有32类翻译资格证书考试，具体的考试方向近期内不会再进一步细分。
问：MTI考生可以免考综合能力，只要考实务部分就行了，对于非MTI考生要一次性通过综合和实务，备考压力太大，请问能否像自学考试那样，考过一门算一门，直到考过2门后再申请拿资格证行么？
答：根据国家人社部有关规定，该考试仅有两个科目，必须同时通过，方可获得职业资格证书。
问：请问能否每次考试后公布真题答案，评分标准，否则感觉复习像是在黑暗中走路，弄不清究竟错在哪，下次怎么改正。还有，综合考试技能和实务能不能过一门算一门，每次都两门课一起考，感觉时间不够用。
答：根据国家人社部相关规定，翻译考试单科成绩不做保留。
问：我想请问，口译如果只过了实务或者综合能力的一项，同年内，会保留过的那项的成绩吗？还是，如果再考，两项都得重新考呢？
答：不能够保留，要重新考。
问: 市面真题只有一本，内容比较陈旧，希望能及时更新，不断公布近年真题的解析。教材上也希望能进一步优化，并增加同考试官方的沟通渠道。考试成绩公布，出标准时间，办证时间过于拖沓。
答：翻译考试注重翻译实践能力测试，真题只是帮助考生了解翻译考试，希望考生加强翻译实践，按照考试大纲要求积极备考。考试成绩公布等问题，我们将及时反馈考务组织相关单位。
问：与以前“评”翻译职称相比，现在“考”或考评结合，是一个进步。但感觉主办方对翻译考试的推广力度不够，市场认可度也不够。希望考题内容、命题人员多元化一些，更接近翻译实践，更为从业人员和市场认可。
答：翻译考试的社会认知度在逐年提高，广泛认知尚需时日，外文局考评中心将继续加大宣传力度，扩大用人单位对翻译证书的认可度。翻译考试在命题人员的选拔有明确的标准和要求，口笔译试题的命制考虑到翻译工作实践。
三、关于考试过程
问：我有两个问题。第一、口译教材及模拟题的录音中间都没有留有翻译停顿的间隔及提示音，请考虑增加停顿间隔及提示音；第二、口译考试中给的草稿纸太少了，请多给几张。
答：稿纸可以跟考场要。
问：本周日第一次赴考，请问二级笔译实务的答题卡有没有横线啊？谢谢~
答：有
问：请问参加笔译考试带哪二本字典比较合适呢 谢谢了
答：中外、外中各一本词典。
问：今天刚刚打印了准考证，发现考场规则里说，只能用黑色水笔，其他颜色的算零分，我想问一下，为什么会这么规定啊？蓝色的也不行吗？
答：请遵守考场规定和要求，祝你顺利通过考试。
问：首先，想请问关于复习的问题，口译的音频资料里基本没有停顿，是我自己在掌握，其实这个有很大的出入，正式考试音频的语速、每次停顿多久、每隔多长时间停顿一次，具体要求是怎样的呢？
答： 交替传译考试时，听到提示音后，可停顿3—5秒，看一下笔记，然后组织语言尽快作答。
问：我本周就要参加三口了，想问一下，综合能力考试的时候，会给时间审题吗，还有听完后会给时间选择吗？
答：口译综合能力考试采取听译笔答方式进行。
问：请问二级口译考试时要带耳机吗，还是综合能力也是在语音教室考？
答：口译考试都在语音室进行。口译综合能力戴耳机采用听译笔答方式进行。口译实务以现场录音方式进行。
四、关于阅卷评分
问: 请问考试是怎样评分的，很多人说不公平是怎么的？
答：该考试严格按照国家人社部有关规定的要求进行评分，对于阅卷专家的选拔有严格的标准，评分有严格的组织管理程序，阅卷标准按照职业翻译的要求制定的。该考试对每一位考生都是公平、公正的。
问： 请问翻译试卷是只有一位专家改卷，还是几位专家交叉改卷呢？谢谢？
答：一份试卷由四位阅卷专家共同完成评阅工作。
问：三级笔译实务你们是按哪些标准打分的呢？为什么我认识的人过了的都是60分左右，80,90那样的高分到底水平要到什么程度啊？
答： 三级笔译实务从三个方面进行评阅，一是语言基本功；二是背景知识；三是翻译实践能力和技巧。60分左右说明翻译成长仍有很大空间。
问：英语一些用词上可能是存在一些最佳答案，但个人领悟不同，有人可能给出的是次佳答案，请问老师catti考试评卷时，评卷老师是否严格遵循答案？
答：翻译译文有很大的灵活性，阅卷时，答案只做参考，阅卷专家能够鉴别出有别于参考答案的更好的译文，会按照职业翻译的要求选拔合格翻译。
问：请问“口译实务考试”有没有具体的评分标准呢？是采用“扣分“的'方式吗？比如，出现类似“主谓不一致”的语法错误会扣几分呢？”单词口误“又会怎么扣分呢？
答：口译考试的评分标准严格按照考试大纲制定，采用扣分制。
问：英语三级、二级口笔译的通过率如何呢？能不能及时公布在官网上呢？
答：每年的考试没有通过率的限制，只要具备从事职业翻译的能力和水平即可通过考试获得证书。
五、关于证书问题
问：CATTI口笔译证书是否都是每三年审核一次? 审核需要的材料有哪些?
答：关于继续教育请关注考试官网相关规定。
问：我实际从事翻译工作，但二级证书不能得到单位承认；纵观市场粗翻滥译、恶性竞争也广泛存在。外文局能否推动《翻译法》的出台，明确翻译认证制度，真正保障认证翻译得到理解和尊重，规范产业健康发展呢？
答：事业单位是认可的，与职称聘任是挂钩的。
问：我是非英语专业的，想通过自己的努力考过，并且得到证书，但是证书登记要3年一次登记，如果考过拿到证书后没有从事翻译且登记时间早就过期了，请问该证书对以后找非翻译性质的工作还有含金量么？
答：对于职业翻译，单位在聘任职称时，证书必须在有效期内方可聘任。目前，中国外文局、中央编译局、中译公司等外语人才集中的单位在招聘时对获得该考试证书者优先录用。从事非专业性质的工作，证书在国内仍具有相当含金量，各单位非常重视复合型人才。
六、关于新增一级翻译考试
问：今年英语一级开考了，估计明年其他语种的一级考试也会开始。鉴于一级考试只考一门，因此，能否将各语种错开，以方便大家同时报考多语种的一级考试？ 另外，其他语种一级的考试大纲何时出版，并与读者见面？
答：国家人社部人事考试中心对于七语种一级考试有具体安排，其他六语种一级考试大纲的出版发行请关注考试官网公告。
问：请问老师今年考一级的人有多少？通过率大概是多少？
答：约200人，5月下旬考试，考试没有设定通过率。
问：一级口译和笔译考试相对于二级口译和笔译考试，难度在于哪里？可否简单举例说明？
答：英语一级口译考试选材侧重深度探讨，涉及专业知识，难度较高。英语一级笔译考试分为实务和审定稿两部分，其中审定稿难度较高。
问：我先取得二级翻译证书，即将读MTI。根据一级翻译考评政策应理解为：3年后取得MTI学位时（届时翻译工作也已满3年），即年资已满，可以参评一级翻译，对吧？不用MTI毕业后再等3年了吧？
答：一级的报名办法有提到，获得二级资格证书者或具有中级翻译职称的可以报考。
问：我几年前通过了二级笔译，现在一级可以考了，想试试，但好像发现没有针对一级的参考复习资料，请老师指点一下该如何准备呢？
答：外文出版社已经出版了英语一级翻译口笔译考试大纲。请参照大纲备考。
问：请问两位老师，一级英语翻译的参考资料是不是目前还是没出来，能说说大概的考试题目风格吗？心里没有底啊，谢谢了！
答：英语一级口笔译考试大纲已经出版上市，请关注。
问：请问一级英语翻译考试笔译部分，主要考查什么文体风格的翻译？偏文学或实用文（如新闻体、国际会议资料翻译等等）？ 目前可否推出针对一级英语翻译的学习资料？ 谢谢！
答：翻译考试会涉及各种文体。
问：请问老师一级考试审定稿环节是不是指包括语法问题呢？
答：英语一级考试审定稿中的错误涵盖语法、知识面、文字处理等问题。
问：如果五年以前通过二级笔译，但期间未进行证书登记，会影响报考一级笔译的资格吗？如果报考一级并通过，为取得一级翻译资格，需要补登记吗？
答：请尽快联系中国翻译协会行业管理办公室，争取能够补登记。
篇2：翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料
Conscious Decoupling
A new book explains how managers struggle with changing customer behavior
Think about the companies like Uber and Airbnb that have burst through into public consciousness in the past ten years. While many of them depend on the internet, their success is not down to any particular technological innovation of their own design. Instead, their secret lies in their business model.
Thales Teixeira of the Harvard Business School argues that the principle that underlies a lot of these models is called decoupling. In his book “Unlocking the Customer Value Chain”, he explains how this concept applies across a wide range of industries.
Buying a product will involve at least four stages. First, customers will evaluate the items available; then they will choose one or two; then they will buy them; finally they will consume them. In the traditional model, the first three took place inside a single retail store. Customers would look at the TVs or dishwashers on offer, pick one they liked with a price they could afford, pay at the till and then take the item home or arrange for the retailer to deliver it.
These steps are all part of what Mr Teixeira calls the “customer value chain”. Disrupters have muscled in on some parts of this chain. One example is the practice of “showrooming”. Shoppers enter an electrical store like Best Buy and examine what’s on offer. But instead of purchasing the item in the store, they buy it online. Amazon has even created an app allowing customers to scan a product’s bar code, or take its picture, and discover its online price. The selection of products has been decoupled from their purchase.
Other examples of the decoupling process cited by Mr Teixeira include Zipcar, where driving a car is separated from purchasing and maintaining it; TiVo, where watching TV is delinked from sitting through ads; and Birchbox, where customers are sent samples of beauty products, eliminating the need to visit a store to try them.
This is not, as the author points out, a particularly new idea. Budget airlines like Ryanair have long since decoupled flying from the services and amenities that usually accompanied it. Passengers have to pay separately for the extras, like seat selection and the carrying of baggage. Other airlines have followed suit.
Customer services have for some time been disrupted by a trend with the ugly name of disintermediation, the cutting out of middlemen. Most holidays are now purchased directly, rather than via travel agents; shares are bought via low-commission services, rather than through advisory stockbrokers. New entrants can gain market share if they can offer customers a lower cost or greater convenience. Decoupling doesn’t subtract middlemen but still results in lower costs to the consumer.
The beauty of the decoupling approach is that the only limit to innovation is imagination, rather than technical brilliance. For example, Mr Teixeira cites Trov, a company which allows customers to buy insurance solely for specific items for specific periods of time. If you want to insure your latest smart phone for a two-week holiday, you can do so; and then insure it again for a weekend trip later in the year. The need for insurance is decoupled from the hassle of buying an annual policy.
Suppose that you like a restaurant’s ambience, but not its food. In theory, you could book a table but order the food from elsewhere, paying separately for the service and the cooking. If 3D printers become ubiquitous, design and manufacture could be decoupled, with consumers paying for the digital blueprint.
Mr Teixeira argues that decoupling is a customer-driven phenomenon-bottom-up rather than top-down. Successful businesses will spot how consumer tastes are shifting, and that may involve looking at other industries as well as their own. For example, they can look at the success of Netflix’s subscription-based model; what works for TV programmes may also work for other goods and services. Already, there are companies that will deliver socks or perfume on a regular basis, decoupling this from a trip to the mall.
The challenge for existing managers is that they must worry about more than whether their overall costs are lower than those of their immediate rivals. If a part of their process is inefficient, or inconvenient for consumers, the decouplers may well grab hold of it.
自觉脱钩
一本新书分析管理者如何努力应对不断变化的客户行为
优步和爱彼迎等公司在过去十年里异军突起，闯入公众视野。虽然它们当中有许多都依赖互联网，但其成功却并非源自任何自己创造的特定的技术创新。相反，它们的秘诀是商业模式。
哈佛商学院的塔莱斯·特谢拉认为，这许多商业模式的背后是同一个原理——“脱钩”。在《解锁客户价值链》一书中，他解释了这一概念如何适用于众多行业。
购买一件产品至少涉及四个阶段。首先顾客会评估市面上的产品，从中选择一两件，然后掏钱购买，最后是使用。在传统模式中，前三阶段发生在同一家零售店内。顾客会查看在售的电视机或洗碗机，选出自己心仪的、价格又合适的产品，到收银台付款，然后将商品带回家或由零售商安排送货上门。
这些步骤都是特谢拉所说的“客户价值链”的一部分。现在，颠覆者已强势介入这一链条的某些环节。“展厅”现象的出现便是个例子。购物者走进百思买这样的电器商店，研究出售的货品。但他们不在店内购买，而是会网购。亚马逊甚至设计了一个应用，让客户扫描产品条形码或拍个照就能了解产品的网上售价。产品的挑选和购买环节脱钩了。
特谢拉举出的其他“脱钩”例子还有：美国汽车共享公司zipcar让开车和买车及养车脱钩，数字录像机Tivo让人们在看电视时不必再看插播的广告，还有提供美容产品在线订阅服务的Birchbox，顾客会收到其寄送的美容产品小样，无需去某家商店试用。
正如特谢拉所指出的，这不是什么特别新潮的概念。像瑞安航空这样的廉价航空公司早已让飞行和通常与之捆绑在一起的服务与便利设施脱钩。乘客必须为选座位和行李托运等额外服务另行付费。其他航空公司已纷纷效仿。
客户服务环节被去中介化(即去除中间商)这一趋势颠覆已有一段时日。如今人们大多直接购买度假产品，而不是通过旅行社;从低收费的服务商购入股票，而不是通过提供咨询服务的股票经纪商。新进入的商家如果能为客户提供更低的成本或更大的便利，就能获得市场份额。脱钩并不去除中间商，却仍为消费者降低了成本。
有了脱钩这种方式，想象力而非技术水平就成了创新的唯一限制。这就是脱钩的妙处。特谢拉举了保险公司Trov的例子，它允许客户仅在特定时间段为特定项目购买保险。想在度假时为新买的智能手机投保两周?完全可以。还想等到今年晚些时候某次周末旅行时再为手机投保?也没问题。保险需求与麻烦的按年投保脱钩了。
假设你喜欢某家餐厅的环境氛围，但不中意它的食物。理论上讲，你可以预订餐桌，再从别家餐厅点菜，为餐厅服务和菜品分别付费。假如3D打印机得到普及，设计和制造就可能脱钩，消费者可以单独为数字设计图付费。
特谢拉认为，脱钩是一种由客户驱动的现象，自下而上、而非自上而下地进行。成功的企业会察觉消费者的口味如何变化，为此，它们除了要审视自己所在的行业，还可能需要观察其他行业的发展。例如，它们可借鉴Netflix订阅模式的成功经验，因为适用于电视节目的模式也许同样适用于其他商品和服务。已经有公司定期给顾客递送袜子或香水，使购买这些商品的行为与逛商场脱钩。
在位管理者面临的挑战是，他们不能单单关心自己的整体成本是否低于直接竞争对手。只要他们的某个经营环节效率低下，或者令消费者感到不便，“脱钩分子”就可能乘虚而入，夺取市场份额。
篇3：翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料
Online Education: Patient Learning
A new kind of online school wants to teach nursing, and more
“I have been this close to buying a nursing school.” This is not a sentence you expect to hear from a startup founder. Nursing seems a world away from the high-tech whizziness of Silicon Valley. And, to use a venture-capital cliché, it does not scale easily. Austen Allred, boss of Lambda School, sees things differently. His two-year-old firm matches labour supply and demand by providing fast, efficient training to potential employees. It offers five online courses that prepare candidates to write software at technology firms. Training nurses, more of which are sorely needed to care for America’s ageing population, is not an illogical next step – especially when many nursing schools have to turn people away.
Instead of responding to the threat of joblessness posed by automation with a universal basic income, Mr Allred wants to help people to switch jobs faster. Unlike most online courses, Lambda does not charge students up front to attend (though admissions are competitive) and online tuition is live and interactive, not recorded. Full-time students attend for nine months, Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm San Francisco time. Latecomers risk falling behind. In most recent classes, 85% of students who began a course finished it.
The school only starts getting paid back for its services after its students have landed a job which pays them more than $50,000 a year, something Lambda expends significant energy to help them do. Around 70% of those enrolled do so within six months of graduation. Lambda then gets a cut of about a sixth of their income for the next two years, until they have paid about $30,000. (Or they can pay $20,000 up front.)
The firm devotes about a third of its time and resources to finding jobs for its graduates, an unusually high share. Another third goes to recruiting students and the rest to teaching. Courses are created with employers’ requirements in mind. For its web-development programme, the list given to Lambda by companies runs to 280 items. Unlike coding, nursing cannot be taught entirely over the internet, so Lambda wants to co-operate with nursing schools across America that could provide the necessary hands-on instruction.
After nursing, Lambda plans to work its way down the list of professions with the biggest job shortages. It is also examining the problem from the other side, identifying available jobs that require skills akin to those of victims of automation – truckers displaced by self-driving lorries or call-centre workers replaced by robocalls.
Lambda’s quirks set it apart in Silicon Valley, but Mr Allred is not the first to recognise the value of work-focused education and training. Germany is famed for its widespread vocational training and apprenticeships. Closer to California, the University of Waterloo, a technology-oriented Canadian institution, has had gainful employment within the field of study as one of its core goals since it was founded 62 years ago. Students seeking an internship can enroll in a special scheme which matches them with firms. Norah McRae, who runs the programme, says that most universities spend little time finding work for the graduates, or teaching the skills they need to prosper in the job market. Too often students are treated as cash cows to be milked for research funding.
But Ms McRae is also concerned that programmes like Lambda School, though well-meaning, risk undermining existing educational institutions by offering a quicker route to work. The kind of intense optimisation which Lambda espouses cannot, she worries, replace conventional learning, which strives to create not just capable workers but rounded individuals.
Such fears presuppose that Lambda can succeed beyond even Mr Allred’s wildest dreams – or those of the venture capitalists who pumped $30m into the firm in January, valuing it at $150m. Student numbers, and so upfront costs, are growing faster than revenues. If Lambda can turn a profit by offering people a stab at a decent job that would be a fine lesson in capitalism.
在线教育：学习护理
一种新型网校想要教授护理和其他很多职业技能
“我离收购一所护理学校只有一步之遥了。”人们不会想到这样的话竟是出自一位创业公司的创始人之口。护理行业似乎与硅谷的前沿科技风马牛不相及。而且用风险投资的套话来说，这个行业不容易很快做大。但兰姆达学校的老板奥斯丁·奥尔雷德有不同的看法。成立于两年前的兰姆达提供快速、高效的培训，为职场输送新人，以此匹配劳动力供需。公司目前提供五门在线课程，为科技公司培训程序员。下一步它准备开展护士培训，这并非不合逻辑——人口老龄化的美国亟需更多护士，尤其是在当前很多护校无力招收更多学生的情况下。
奥尔雷德希望帮助人们更快地转行，而不是用所谓的“全民基本收入”来应对自动化带来的失业威胁。与大多数在线课程不同，兰姆达并不在开课前收学费(尽管入学竞争激烈)，其在线教学也是实时互动，而不是事先录制的。全日制学生的学制为九个月，授课时间为旧金山时间周一到周五的上午8点至下午5点。中途入学者可能会跟不上进度。在近期大部分课程中，85%的学生修完了自己选的课程。
只有在学员谋得一份年薪超过五万美元的工作后，学校才开始收取服务回报。而为了帮学生找到一份这样的工作，兰姆达花费了大量精力。约70%的学员在毕业后六个月内达到了这个目标。在此后的两年里，兰姆达会抽取学员收入的约六分之一，最终累计收取约三万美元。如果学员一次性付清，则为两万美元。
兰姆达将三分之一左右的时间和资源花在为毕业学员找工作上，这么高的比重不常见。另外三分之一用于招生，三分之一用于教学。课程是根据雇主的要求而设计的。在它的网站开发课程中，企业开给兰姆达的需求多达280项。而护理有别于编程，不可能完全通过互联网教授，因此兰姆达希望与全美各地能提供必要操作实训的护校合作。
在开展护理培训后，兰姆达还计划逐个进军其他人员最紧缺的职业。同时它也从另一面审视问题，为那些被自动化淘汰的人员(例如被无人驾驶货车取代的卡车司机，或者被自动语音呼叫取代的呼叫中心员工)找到需要类似技能的就业岗位。
兰姆达的另类做法在硅谷独树一帜，但要说认识到以工作为导向的教育与培训的价值的，奥尔雷德并非第一人。德国就以职业培训和学徒制的普及而闻名。离加州更近些的滑铁卢大学是加拿大一所技术型大学。自62年前创办以来，该校一直将找到与学生专业对口的较高收入工作作为自己的核心目标之一。想找实习机会的学生可以注册一个将他们与企业相匹配的特别项目。负责该项目的诺拉·麦克雷表示，多数大学很少花时间帮助毕业生就业，也很少教授他们在就业市场获得成功所需的技能。很多时候，学生们都被当成了捞取研究经费的摇钱树。
但麦克雷也担心，像兰姆达学校这样的培训项目虽然出发点不错，但可能会因为提供就业上的捷径而损害现有的教育体系。她担心兰姆达倡导的那种密集型的优化培训并非是对传统教育的一种好的替代，因为后者致力培养的不仅是能胜任工作的员工，还是全面发展的个体。
不过这种担忧成立的前提是兰姆达取得的成功要远远超出奥尔雷德本人的想象——或者那些今年1月向兰姆达投资3000万美元、对其估值1.5亿美元的风险投资家们的想象。目前，学生人数的增长以及由此带来的前期成本的增速——超过了收入的增速。如果兰姆达能通过帮助人们拿下一份体面工作来赢利，那还真会是资本主义的一条有益经验。
篇4：翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料
Synthetic Biology: Redesigning Life
合成生物学：生命再设计(节选)
The promise and perils of synthetic biology
合成生物学的希望与风险
The new biology calls all in doubt
Start with the most recent of these previous shifts. Fossil fuels have enabled humans to drive remarkable economic expansion in the present using biological productivity from ages past, stored away in coal and oil. But much wilderness has been lost, and carbon atoms which last saw the atmosphere hundreds of millions of years ago have strengthened the planet’s greenhouse effect to a degree that may prove catastrophic. Here, synthetic biology can do well. It is already being used to replace some products made from petrochemicals; in time it could replace some fuels, too. Burger King recently introduced into some of its restaurants a beefless Whopper that gets its meatiness from an engineered plant protein; such innovations could greatly ease a shift to less environmentally taxing diets. They could also be used to do more with less. Plants and their soil microbes could produce their own fertilisers and pesticides, ruminants less greenhouse gas – though to ensure that synthetic biology yields such laudable environmental goals will take public policy as well as the cues of the market.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The second example of biological change sweeping the world is the Columbian exchange, in which the 16th century’s newly global network of trade shuffled together the creatures of the New World and the Old. Horses, cattle and cotton were introduced to the Americas; maize, potatoes, chilli and tobacco to Europe, Africa and Asia. The ecosystems in which humans live became globalised as never before, providing more productive agriculture all round, richer diets for many. But there were also disastrous consequences. Measles, smallpox and other pathogens ran through the New World like a forest fire, claiming tens of millions of lives. The Europeans weaponised this catastrophe, conquering lands depleted and disordered by disease.
Synthetic biology could create such weapons by design: pathogens designed to weaken, to incapacitate or to kill, and perhaps also to limit themselves to particular types of target. There is real cause for concern here – but not for immediate alarm. For such weaponisation would, like the rest of cutting-edge synthetic biology, take highly skilled teams with significant resources. And armies already have lots of ways to flatten cities and kill people in large numbers. When it comes to mass destruction, a disease is a poor substitute for a nuke. What’s more, today’s synthetic-biology community lives up to ideals of openness and public service better than many older fields. Maintained and nurtured, that culture should serve as a powerful immune system against rogue elements.
The earliest biological transformation – domestication – produced what was hitherto the biggest change in how humans lived their lives. Haphazardly, then purposefully, humans bred cereals to be more bountiful, livestock to be more docile, dogs more obedient and cats more companionable (the last a partial success, at best). This allowed new densities of settlement and new forms of social organisation: the market, the city, the state. Humans domesticated themselves as well as their crops and animals, creating space for the drudgery of subsistence agriculture and oppressive political hierarchies.
Synthetic biology will have a similar cascading effect, transforming humans’ relationships with each other and, potentially, their own biological nature. The ability to reprogram the embryo is, rightly, the site of most of today’s ethical concerns. In future, they may extend further; what should one make of people with the upper-body strength of gorillas, or minds impervious to sorrow? How humans may choose to change themselves biologically is hard to say; that some choices will be controversial is not.
Which leads to the main way in which this transformation differs from the three that came before. Their significance was discovered only in retrospect. This time, there will be foresight. It will not be perfect: there will certainly be unanticipated effects. But synthetic biology will be driven by the pursuit of goals, both anticipated and desired. It will challenge the human capacity for wisdom and foresight. It might defeat it. But carefully nurtured, it might also help expand it.
新生物学让一切充满变数
先从三次转变中距今最近的一次说起。化石燃料的使用释放了过去存储在煤和石油中的生物生产力，大大推动了当今人类经济的发展。但大片荒野不复存在，碳原子上一次充斥于大气是在亿万年前，如今它们的存在大大加重了地球的温室效应，甚至可能导致灾难性后果。在这方面，合成生物学可以有所贡献。它已被用来取代一些石油化工产品，假以时日可能还会取代一些燃料。最近，汉堡王在其部分餐厅推出了一款无牛肉皇堡，其中的肉味来自一种转基因植物蛋白。此类创新可以让人类向更环保饮食方式的转变变得轻松许多。同时，创新还有事半功倍的效果。植物及其土壤微生物可以制造出自身所需的肥料和杀虫剂，反刍动物可以减少排放温室气体。当然，要确保合成生物学达成如此值得称道的环境目标，还需要公共政策以及市场的指引。
生物变化席卷世界的第二个例子是哥伦布大交换——16世纪新生成的全球贸易网络将新旧大陆的生物糅合到了一起。马、牛和棉花被引入美洲;玉米、土豆、辣椒和烟草被引入欧洲、非洲和亚洲。人类赖以生存的生态系统前所未有地实现了全球化，为各地提供了更高产的农业，为许多人提供了更丰富的食物。但它也带来了灾难性的后果。麻疹、天花和其他一些病原体像森林大火一样在新大陆肆虐，夺走了数千万人的生命。欧洲人将这场灾难当作武器，用以征服因疾病而衰乱的土地。
合成生物学可能会被利用来蓄意制造这样的武器：能使人衰弱的、致残或致命的病原体，或许还能被限定于攻击特定目标。这确实值得担忧，但眼下还不必恐慌。因为研制这样的武器就像其他前沿合成生物技术那样，需要高技能团队和大量资源。再者，军队已经有很多方式来夷平城市和实施大规模杀戮。疾病在大规模杀伤方面很难匹敌核武器。更重要的是，相比很多旧领域，如今的合成生物学界更符合开放和公共服务的理想原则。若能加以维系和培育，这种文化应该能成为抵御破坏分子的强大免疫系统。
最早的生物大转变，即驯化，带来了迄今为止人类生活方式的最大变化。从无心到有意，人类将谷物培育得更丰产，让牲畜更温顺，狗更听话，猫更友善(这最后一项充其量只算取得了部分成功)。这促成了更高的聚居密度和新的社会组织形式：市场、城市和国家。人类不仅驯化了农作物和动物，也驯化了自己，让自给型农业的苦役和压迫性的政治等级制度成为可能。
合成生物学将产生类似的级联效应，改变人类彼此之间的关系，还有可能改变人类自身的生物学特性。对胚胎重新编辑的能力是如今大多数伦理担忧之所在，对此确实也有担忧的理由。未来，这些担忧可能进一步蔓延：我们该如何看待那些拥有像大猩猩般上肢力量的人，或者那些不知悲伤为何物的人?很难说人类会以何种方式改变自身的生物学特性，但毫无疑问有些选择会引发争议。
这就引出了此次转变与上述三次转变的主要不同。前三次转变的意义都只是事后的发现。而这一次，我们可以事先预见。这次转变不会完美无缺——肯定会有出人意料的影响。但对预期和期望目标的追求将驱动合成生物学的发展。合成生物学将挑战人类的智慧和远见。或许它会超出人类的能力。但如果精心发展它，却也可能提升人类的这些能力。
20翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料
篇5：翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料
How Birdwatchers, Others Can Help Migrating Bird Populations
The kinds of birds coming through your neighborhood are probably changing, and so is the timing of their migrations.
Birdwatchers noticing these differences are playing a big part in understanding how climate change and severe weather events are affecting bird populations.
John Rowden is director of community conservation at the National Audubon Society, which aims to protect birds and their environments. He said, “Birders have to be much more alert to when birds are coming through than they used to be, since birds may be coming through much earlier or much later…”
Birdwatchers are increasingly seeing birds in their area that are usually found elsewhere, Rowden says. And, they are seeing fewer of the birds that usually travel through.
“... Just because we’ve seen these birds year after year doesn’t mean they’ll always be there. They are declining in numbers because we’re throwing so many things at them, so we need to do what we can to help them,” Rowden said.
At least 314 species of American birds are expected to lose 50 percent or more of their range by the end of the century. Those species are listed by the Audubon Society as climate-threatened or endangered, Rowden added.
A United Nations science report issued Monday says 1 million species of plants and animals are at risk of disappearing from Earth.
Scientists who issued the report blamed development that has led to loss of habitat as well as climate change, overfishing, pollution and invasive species.
Environmentalists say there are a few easy steps people can take to help struggling bird populations. These include planting native species, which leads to more native insects for the birds to eat.
The Audubon Society’s Plants for Birds website provides plant suggestions for people in the United States, based on where they live in the country.
During spring and fall migration seasons, people can help migrating birds by keeping outdoor lights turned off and covering reflective surfaces like large windows. People also should make indoor plants less visible to passing birds.
The Audubon Society also runs a community science program called Climate Watch. It aims to collect data on how bird ranges – or the places they are found – are changing. Rowden says the program asks people to count the numbers of each species they see. The program goes from May 15 to June 15.
Geoff LeBaron, director of the Christmas Bird Count at the National Audubon Society, says he has seen the effects of climate change firsthand.
“I’ve been a birder since I was a little kid,” he said. “It’s clear that climate change is affecting and will continue to affect birds on a global scale, and it’s a question of whether or not they can adapt to what the climate is throwing at them.”
Record droughts, floods, hurricanes and more are having a major effect, he said. Hurricanes usually happen during migration season, LeBaron noted. They have an especially big effect on sea birds, whose migration paths might change by thousands of kilometers as a result.
Experts say sea birds and grasslands birds are most at risk from climate disasters. Birds known as aerial insectivores are also at risk because the insects they eat are getting harder to find.
鸟类观察者和其他人该如何帮助鸟类迁徙
从你附近飞过的鸟类种类可能在一直变化，它们迁徙的时间也在改变。
鸟类观察者注意到这些差异可能对于他们理解气候变化以及恶劣天气事件如何影响鸟类种群方面发挥了重要的作用。
约翰·罗登是美国国家奥杜邦协会的社区保护主任，该协会旨在保护鸟类及其生存环境。他说:“观鸟者必须比以往更加警惕鸟类何时会飞来，因为鸟类可能来得更早，也可能来得更晚……”
罗登说，鸟类观察者越来越多地发现他们的地区经常出现其他地区的鸟类。此外，该地区经常出现的鸟类反而更少了。
“……我们年复一年地看到这些鸟并不意味着它们就会一直出现在那里。它们的数量正在下降，因为我们向它们扔了那么多东西，所以我们需要尽我们所能来帮助它们。”
到本世纪末，预计至少有314种美国鸟类将失去50%甚至更多的活动范围。罗登补充说，这些鸟类被奥杜邦协会列入受气候威胁或濒危的物种。
周一，联合国发表的一份科学报告表示，有100万种动植物面临从地球上消失的危险。
发布该报告的科学家指责称，发展导致栖息地丧失、气候变化、过度捕捞、污染和物种入侵。
环保人士表示，人们可以采取一些简单的措施来帮助苦苦挣扎的鸟类种群。这些措施包括种植当地物种以产生更多的当地昆虫供鸟类食用。
奥杜邦鸟类协会的“鸟类可食用植物”网站为居住在美国不同地区的人们提供了植物种植建议。
在春、秋两个鸟类迁徙的季节，人们可以通过关闭户外灯光和遮盖大块反光玻璃等方式帮助鸟类迁徙。人们也需要隐藏室内植物，避免路过的鸟类看到。
奥杜邦协会还进行着一项名为“气候观察”的社区科学项目。目的是为收集关于鸟类活动范围(或它们被发现的地方)如何变化的数据。罗登表示，该项目要求人们记录所看到的每个种类的数量。该项目从5月15日持续到6月15日。
美国奥杜邦协会的圣诞鸟类统计主任杰夫·莱巴龙说，他亲眼目睹了气候变化所产生的影响。
“我从很小的时候就爱观察鸟类，”他说。“很明显，气候变化正在并将继续影响全球范围内的鸟类，问题是鸟类能否适应气候变化给它们带来的影响。”
他说，创纪录的干旱、洪水、飓风等也产生重大影响。莱巴龙指出，飓风通常发生在迁徙的季节。飓风对海上鸟类的影响特别严重，它们的迁徙路线可能因此改变数千公里。
专家表示，海上的鸟类和草原上的鸟类最容易受到气候灾害的威胁。空中食虫的鸟类也处于危险之中，因为它们吃的昆虫越来越难找到。
篇6：翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料
Global Impact: Nowhere to Hide
全球影响：无处躲藏
China’s newest export is its financial system, for good and for ill
中国最新的出口产品是其金融体系，有好也有坏
Some of the finest infrastructure to be found between Singapore and Dubai lies in the south of Sri Lanka, close to the crashing waves of the Indian Ocean. Broad highways connect a deep-sea harbour to a silvery, angular convention centre and, further inland, to an elegant airport terminal with vaulted wooden ceilings. But it does not take long for visitors to see that something is awry. Wild peacocks scampering across the roads easily outnumber the people using the state-of-the-art facilities. The port sees less than a ship per day and the airport, which has been open for three years, no longer offers regular flights. The Sri Lankan government’s debt on the complex runs to at least $1.5 billion, or nearly 2% of the country’s GDP. And almost all of that is owed to Chinese banks.
新加坡与迪拜之间最好的一些基础设施位于斯里兰卡南部，濒临白浪滔滔的印度洋。宽阔的高速公路连接着这里的深水港、多角形银色会展中心，以及离海边更远一些的有木质拱顶、风格优雅的机场候机楼。但游客很快就会发现哪里不对劲。穿过马路的野生孔雀明显多过使用这些先进设施的人;港口一天也不一定会停靠一艘船;机场已经启用三年，现在都没有定期航班了。斯里兰卡政府为修建这些基础设施所欠的债务总计至少15亿美元，相当于全国GDP的近2%。其中大部分贷款都来自中资银行。
Sri Lankan officials are careful not to blame China for the mess. It was the previous president, Mahinda Rajapaksa, who wanted all these facilities built near his home town of Hambantota, even though there was little commercial justification for them. But privately they feel that the lender must also bear responsibility. Were it not for Chinese banks extending vast amounts of credit with minimal safeguards, Sri Lanka would never have been saddled with these debts. Moreover, the Chinese banks charged unusually high interest rates on at least some of the loans. The term “odious lending” comes to mind, says a Sri Lankan government adviser. Partly because of its debt load and big looming repayments, Sri Lanka turned to the International Monetary Fund this year for a bail-out.
面对这个烂摊子，斯里兰卡官员小心翼翼地不去归罪于中国。把这些设施修建在靠近汉班托塔是斯里兰卡前总统马欣达·拉贾帕克萨的主意，这个决定没有什么商业理由，只因为汉班托塔是他的家乡。不过私底下，官员们觉得贷款方也必须要负一定责任，如果不是中资银行在还款保障极低的情况下仍放出大量贷款，斯里兰卡根本不会背上沉重的债务。而且，至少有一部分中资银行贷款的利息率高得异乎寻常。一位斯里兰卡政府的顾问说，这不禁让人想到“恶债”一词。斯里兰卡今年向国际货币基金组织寻求紧急救助，原因之一就是债务负担太重，而且大量债务即将到期。
Tracking the ways in which the Chinese financial system affects the global financial system is far from straightforward. Since China is the world’s biggest trading nation, the fate of its economy clearly affects most of the globe. The slowdown in its construction industry has already battered commodity exporters from Mongolia to Brazil. But direct financial connections between China and the rest of the world are much more limited. In China, itself regulations cap the involvement of foreign institutions, and Chinese banks, insurers and brokerages have been remarkably diffident about expanding abroad. Nevertheless, the promise and the problems of China’s financial sector are rippling beyond its borders.
要搞清楚中国金融系统如何影响全球金融体系并非易事。中国是世界最大的贸易国，其经济命运自然会影响世界上大部分地区。从蒙古到巴西，大宗商品出口国都已受到中国建筑业发展减速的沉重打击。但中国和其他国家之间的直接金融联系则要少得多。在国内，监管对境外金融机构的参与有种.种限制，中资银行、保险公司和证券公司对于境外拓展也显得十分畏首畏尾。然而，中国金融业的承诺和问题，其影响都超越了中国国界。
As Sri Lanka can attest, one crucial, if often overlooked, linkage is China’s funding for other emerging markets. At the end of last year, the combined overseas loan book of China’s two leading development lenders, China Development Bank and Export-Import Bank of China, reached $550 billion, a multiple of the World Bank’s roughly $150 billion. Some of that lending has gone to Chinese firms doing business abroad, but the bulk has been for governments and companies in developing countries.
中国与全球金融业之间的一个极端重要而又常常被忽略的联系，就是中国为其他新兴市场提供贷款，斯里兰卡即为一个明证。去年年底，中国两大开发银行——国家开发银行和中国进出口银行——海外贷款总额合计达到5500亿美元，数倍于世界银行的约1500亿美元。有些贷款流向在海外开展业务的中国公司，但大部分都是借给了发展中国家的政府和企业。
A great deal?
划算吗?
It might seem churlish to criticise China for lending to poor countries, but loans are not gifts. The recipients have to repay them, so it is fair to ask whether they are getting a good deal. The evidence is mixed. China’s money has built many useful things, including power stations, roads, dams and railways across Africa, Latin America and South Asia. It has also offered a lifeline to emerging markets suffering capital outflows. Last year, China’s two development banks lent $29 billion to hard-hit Latin American governments, three times as much as in , according to the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington think-tank.
批评中国向贫穷国家贷款似乎显得有点无礼，但贷款不是赠款，拿了钱是要还的，所以问清楚这钱借得是否划算也正当合理。然而这个问题不好回答。中国的资金帮助非洲、拉丁美洲和南亚诸国修建了发电厂、道路、水坝和铁路等有用设施，也是遭受资本外流之苦的新兴市场的救命稻草。华盛顿智库美洲国家对话组织的数据显示，去年中国的两大开发银行向遭受重创的拉美各国政府贷款290亿美元，是的3倍。
But Chinese money is part of what got these countries into trouble in the first place. Its development banks have exported some of the worst excesses of the Chinese financial system: lending out huge dollops of cash with few strings attached, other than that Chinese contractors must do much of the construction. In the case of the airport and port in southern Sri Lanka, officials say there was insufficient analysis of their viability and no competitive bidding. “Would it have been bad to insist on these conditions? These are things we needed to do,” says Harsha de Silva, a critic of the original loans who is now deputy foreign minister. Allegations of corruption and waste have also followed Chinese loans around from Pakistan to Angola, Ecuador and Venezuela.
不过，中国的贷款也是这些国家当初陷入困境的原因之一。其开发银行向外输出的是中国金融系统中严重过剩的资金：大笔的现金贷款，除了要求大部分的建设工程由中国企业承包以外，几乎没什么附加条件。以斯里兰卡南部的机场和港口为例，政府官员说这两个项目没有进行充分的可行性分析，也没有竞争性招标。现任斯里兰卡外交部副部长的哈沙德?席尔瓦对当初的贷款持批评态度，“当初坚持这些要求难道不对吗?这些本来就是我们该做的。”从巴基斯坦到安哥拉，从厄瓜多尔到委内瑞拉，中国贷款所到之处，对当地政府腐败和浪费的指控如影随形。 There are some signs that China wants to mend its ways. It has started being tougher on loan recipients, and is hoping to emulate the World Bank’s best practices in running the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, a multilateral lender it established last year. Yet the legacy of the past decade is that a number of poor countries are now deeply in debt to China, sometimes with little to show for it. China, to its credit, has so far been accommodating to those in trouble, extending maturities and providing new financing. But if China itself hits the skids and loses more foreign-currency reserves, it will have fewer dollars to spare for others. That would make the outlook for those already in hock to China even grimmer.
有迹象表明，中国意欲改变贷款方式。先是对贷款对象国提出了更严格的要求，同时也希望效仿世行的最佳实践来管理亚洲基础设施投资银行——亚投行是中国去年成立一个多边贷款机构。然而过去十年的遗留问题在于，数个向中国借款的穷国已经债台高筑，而且有时拿到贷款却毫无建树。值得赞扬的是，到目前为止，中国对那些深陷泥潭的国家还算义气，延长了债务期限，并提供新资金。但是如果中国遇上麻烦，有更多的外汇储备流失，能给别国用的美元就不多了。果真如此，已经深陷中国债务泥潭的国家的前景就将更加暗淡。Tiny, but not for long
影响虽小，却不会太久
For advanced economies, the picture looks very different. Chinese banks have only a minor presence there, so the dangers of a China-led credit crunch are much smaller. At the end of last year overseas loans by Chinese commercial banks totalled just $410 billion, less than half the loan portfolio of Wells Fargo, America’s largest bank by market value. Chinese banks have been wary about making international acquisitions after ill-timed investments by China Investment Corp, a sovereign-wealth fund, just before the global financial crisis. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China’s $690m purchase of the London-based trading unit of South Africa’s Standard Bank is one of the most ambitious overseas forays by a Chinese bank ever – yet it is worth less than 0.03% of ICBC’s assets.
对发达经济体来说，情况则大为不同。中资银行在那些国家的影响力不大，所以中国引发信贷危机的危险要小得多。去年年底，中国商业银行海外贷款总计只有4100亿美元，还不及富国银行(美国市值最大的银行)贷款组合的一半。全球金融危机前夕，主权财富基金中国投资有限责任公司(简称中投)的投资时机失当，此后中资银行对于跨国并购态度谨慎。中国工商银行以6.9亿美元收购南非标准银行位于伦敦的国际市场业务部，已是中资银行最大规模的海外收购了。尽管如此，这一并购金额也还不到工行资产的0.03%。
Whatever happens to the domestic economy, it seems inevitable that Chinese financial institutions will increase their weight in developed markets in the coming years. If growth in China holds up well, they will have even more cash to deploy abroad; if their own economy stumbles, they will have an extra incentive to look abroad. For now, less than 3% of Chinese banks’ 102 trillion yuan in loans are in foreign currencies. Just serving Chinese companies as they venture abroad will ensure a big increase: they have accounted for nearly a third of all global cross-border M&A deals so far this year, according to Dealogic. Of Chinese insurers’ 13 trillion yuan in assets, a mere 2% are currently overseas. Insurers are starting to grab headlines with their overseas investments, such as Ping An’s acquisition of the Lloyd’s building, a London landmark, and Anbang’s bid for Starwood Hotels & Resorts, owner of the Sheraton and Westin brands. More are sure to follow.
未来，不管国内经济如何发展，中国金融机构看似将不可避免地在发达国家市场上增加影响力。如果中国能持续稳定增长，它们就会有更多现金配置于海外;如果中国经济发展受挫，它们则更有动力放眼海外。目前中资银行102万亿元贷款总额中只有不到3%是外汇贷款。研究机构Dealogic的数据显示：今年到目前为止，全球跨境并购近三分之一都由走出去的中国企业完成，仅为这些企业提供贷款就一定会大幅增加外汇贷款的比重。中资保险公司13万亿元的资产中，海外资产目前只占2%。它们在海外的投资开始占据新闻头条，例如平安收购伦敦地标建筑劳埃德大厦，安邦竞购喜达屋酒店及度假村集团(旗下拥有喜来登、威斯汀等酒店品牌)。更多交易必将接踵而来。
In some ways, this is to be welcomed. Over the past 15 years China has transformed earnings from its trade surplus into foreign-exchange reserves, most of which in turn were stashed away in American government bonds, which are safe but low-yielding. Foreign investment and overseas acquisitions, if well managed, are a more productive use of China’s savings.
某种程度上来说这是好事。在过去里，中国把从贸易顺差得来的收入转为外汇储备，其中大部分都用于购买美国国债，安全但收益率低。如果管理得当，海外投资和跨境并购能更有效地利用中国的储蓄。
Yet these outbound forays also harbour serious dangers. In the vanguard are state-owned enterprises, many of which are already leveraged to the hilt at home. Take ChemChina, a chemicals giant that bid $44 billion for Syngenta, a Swiss rival, earlier this year. If approved, this will be China’s biggest overseas takeover in history. Yet ChemChina’s debt-to-equity ratio is 234%; Syngenta’s is a much more conservative 44%.
然而这些跨境并购也隐含着严重的风险。打头阵的都是国企，其中很多企业的国内杠杆已达高位。以年初化工巨头中国化工竞购其瑞士竞购对手先正达为例，如果获批，将成为中国有史以来最大的跨境收购案。然而中国化工的负债权益比高达234%，而先正达只有44%，相对要保守得多。
In normal circumstances, banks might be reluctant to fund companies already carrying so much debt. But Chinese banks are only too willing to back SOEs, especially when international expansion is part of their national mission. Foreign banks, too, assume that government support for SOEs is rock-solid. These deals are spreading China Inc’s indebtedness to foreign markets; the balance-sheets of its acquisition targets will become much more vulnerable to a downturn in growth.
在正常情况下，银行可能不愿放贷给债务水平已经很高的企业。但中资银行却十分乐于支持国企走出去，尤其是在海外扩张成为一项国家使命的时候。外资银行也认为政府对国企的支持坚如磐石。这些并购案正将中国企业的负债推向海外市场;一旦增长下滑，收购目标的资产负债表将更为脆弱。
Mercifully, direct global exposure to the dangers within China’s financial system is still small for now. That is thanks in large part to a regulatory wall around the economy: foreigners can own no more than 20% of local banks, and can invest in stocks and banks only through strictly controlled channels. As a result, foreign investors own just around 1% of the Chinese stock market and even less of the bond market.
万幸的是，中国金融体系内的危险对全球的直接影响目前还很小。这主要是归功于中国经济监管对外资的限制：外资在本地银行持股不得超过20%，且只有通过严格管控的渠道才能投资股票和银行。因此，海外投资者在中国股票市场的份额只有1%，债券市场还要更少。
International banks, for their part, account for only 1.5% of total commercial bank assets in China. More than half of those assets are concentrated in the hands of three institutions: HSBC, Standard Chartered and Singapore’s OCBC Wing Hang, according to KPMG. Several others, including Goldman Sachs, Bank of America and Citi, previously had large investments in Chinese banks but sold them for chunky profits in recent years.
外资银行资产仅占中国商业银行总资产的1.5%。据毕马威的数据显示，其中半数以上的资产集中在三家银行：汇丰、渣打和新加坡的华侨永亨银行。另外几家，包括高盛、美国银行和花旗，曾在中资银行有大笔投资，但是近年来全部退出，获利颇丰。
For foreign banks with big operations in China, its slowdown clearly poses risks. Standard Chartered got a taste of that in 2014, when it set aside about $175m to cover losses incurred in lending to a Chinese trading company, which had pledged the same stockpile of metals as collateral many times over to different banks. That scandal also dragged in Citi, HSBC and others. But they have generally been careful, partly because they have no alternative. Chinese banks, with their deeper local connections and rapid lending, have scooped up the vast majority of domestic clients, including the most indebted ones. Foreign banks, by and large, still serve international companies, which are among the safest borrowers in China. “The joy of being a drop in the ocean is that you can choose your drop in the ocean,” jokes one foreign veteran.
对于在中国业务规模较大的外资银行来说，中国经济放缓无疑带来了风险。渣打银行在20就吃了苦头。当时渣打向一家中国贸易公司发放了贷款，而这家公司向多家银行多次抵押同一批金属，最终渣打损失了1.75亿美元。这一案件还牵涉到了花旗、汇丰等其他银行，不过总体来说，外资银行在中国还是很谨慎的，原因之一是它们别无选择。中资银行与本地客户关系深厚，放贷速度快，手中已握有绝大部分的国内客户，包括债务最沉重的客户。外资银行总体来说仍然主要服务国际公司，而它们在中国也是最稳妥的客户。一位资深外籍银行人士开玩笑说：“作为九牛之一毛的好处就在于你可以选择当哪根毛。”
The next few years could bring dramatic changes on multiple fronts. Regulators have opened new channels for foreigners to invest in stocks, creating a link between the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock exchanges; another link to the Shenzhen exchange is also in the works. As part of making the yuan a more global currency, China is also opening its bond market to institutional investors.
未来几年多个方面都可能会发生巨变。监管当局已为外资投资股票开放了新渠道，在上海证交所和香港证交所之间建立了互通机制;深交所也在准备实现另外一个互通机制。为了让人民币更加国际化，中国还向海外机构投资者开放了其债券市场。
And some foreign banks want a bigger foothold, believing that China’s growth prospects outweigh its risks. International bank lending to Chinese residents in mid- amounted to $1.2 trillion, close to an all-time high and more than three times the figure, according to the Bank for International Settlements. HSBC, the biggest foreign bank in China, considered shifting its global headquarters to Hong Kong earlier this year, though in the end stayed put in London. Even those firms that want to insulate themselves from China will find it difficult to resist the gravitational pull of the world’s second-largest economy. “For serious investors, it’s no longer optional to be here,” says Eugene Qian, China head for UBS.
一些外资银行想要扩大自己的立足之地，认为中国经济成功发展的机会大于风险。国际清算银行的数据显示，截止中，外资银行对中国居民的贷款高达1.2万亿美元，接近历史最高水平，是的三倍多。中国最大的外资银行汇丰今年年初还曾考虑将其全球总部搬至香港，不过最后还是留在了伦敦。即使是那些希望能跟中国保持距离的公司也将难挡世界第二大经济体的巨大吸引力。瑞银中国区总裁钱于军说：“对严肃的投资者来说，进入中国是必然的选择。
Many are still holding off, believing that Chinese growth and the yuan have further to fall. But it is only a matter of time before major benchmarks such as the MSCI world equity index start to incorporate Chinese stocks and bonds. As that happens, funds from university endowments in California to pension providers in Sweden will follow their lead, adding onshore Chinese assets to their portfolios. Based on their current trajectory, China’s capital markets could be the world’s biggest within a decade. “Investors in America won’t be able to go to bed without knowing where China is trading,” says Luke Spajic of the Asian arm of Pimco, a giant fund manager. The pace may vary but the trend seems inexorable: Chinese and global financial systems are becoming intertwined. With each passing year, China’s problems will increasingly be the world’s problems.
很多投资者还在观望，认为中国经济和人民币还有下行的空间。然而，MSCI世界股权指数等主要基准指数纳入中国的股票和债券是迟早的事。到那时，从美国加州的大学捐赠基金到瑞典的养老基金，各类基金都会紧随其后，将中国国内资产纳入其投资组合。基于目前的发展趋势，中国资本市场的规模有可能在十年内跃居世界首位。基金管理巨头太平洋投资管理公司亚洲部门的卢克·斯帕吉齐说：“美国的投资者如果不知道中国的投资走势，就会睡不着觉。”发展的步伐或快或慢，但趋势看来不可扭转：中国和世界的金融体系正渐渐交织在一起。每过一年，中国的问题都将日益成为世界的问题。
20翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料分享
篇7：翻译资格考试catti三级笔译模拟题
I. Vocabulary and Structure (1 point each, 35 points in all)
1. English people often take umbrellas with them when they go out because they don't want to be in a rain.
A. seized B. got C. captured D. caught
2. Whenever Tom knew I was in trouble, he always lends me a hand.
A. might B. would C. could D. should
3. There is an arrow on the wall _ the direction of advance.
A. pointing B. identifying
C. marking D. indicating
4. The spaceman found to look at the earth away from it
A. a most exciting experience B. it a most exciting experience
C.that a most exciting experience D.the experience most
5. As people live longer, they to change their ideas about life
A. like B.tend C.wish D.long
6. any instructiorts from the Head Office, we couldn't make any decision.
A. Not receiving B.Receiving no C.Not having recived D.Having not received
7. The design was so that you could not find any fault in it.
A. delicate B. elaborate C. fancy D. complicated
8. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travels B. travels light
C. do light travel D. does light travel
9. She longed to visit Italy, _ she often dreamt about it.
A. so seriously that B. so eagerly that
C. to such an extent that D. so anxiously that
10. Even if he _ here, he would not be able to help us.
A. is B. had been C. has been D. were
11. The classroom is quite clean _ some waste paper on the floor. :
A. except for B. except C. besides D. without
12. He is the only one of those boys who _ willing to take a make-up exam
A. is B. were C. has been D. was
13. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not a native speaker
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
14. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them.
A. rather than B. other than
C. more than D. better than
15. Everyone is working harder, and living a happier life now, _ ?
A. isn't one B. aren't we
C. isn't it D. aren't they
16. Sorry, I didn't know _ Dr. Smith has already returned from his holiday. I'II go and see him in a minute
A. that B. when C. whether D. if
17. There's little chance that mankind would a nuclear war.
A. retain B. endure C. maintain D. survive
18. It was a soldier who happened to be there saved the girl from the danger
A. where B. how C. that D. when
19. The dictionary she bought is that I have.
A. twice as much as B. as twice much as
C. twice more than D. twice than
20. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _ .
A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normal
21. I was really anxious about you. You home without a word
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn' t leave
22. If you your name and address on the card, we'll send the book to you as soon as it is retumed.
A. go over B. fill in
C. find out D.carry out
23. Would you like more coffee? I'm sure you would .
A. much B. few C. any D.a lot
24. These are common materials we are all familiar.
A. about which B. of which
C. with which D. to which
25. of danger, he jumped into the river all at once.
A. Because B. In terms C. Instead D. carry out
26. When I leave the research institute next week, I there for 18 years.
A. shall be working B. will work
C. shall have worked D. have worked
27. The number of children from l to 15 in different families.
A. varies B. seems C. changes D. turns
28. In ancient time's people used to build their houses with materials .
A. convenient B. important C. available D. natural
29. She agreed without the slightest .
A. hesitation B. thinking C. look D. hope
30. Is there any they'll ever find a cure for the common cold?
A. prospective B. prospect C. prosperity D. prosperous
31. Some people are color-blinded and cannot between blue and green.
A. distinguish B. differ C. separate D. divide
32. knows the name of this song will receive a prize from the radio station.
A.One B.Who C. Anyone D. Whoever
33. All the countries are customers or customers of the United States.
A. potential B.pretended C.preventive D.pretective
34. The safety rules are__ anyone.
A. applied on B. applied in C. applied for D. applied to
35. We got to the station only _ that the train had just left.
A. learned B. to learn C. learning D. having learned
I. Vocabulary and Structure
1.【翻译】 英国人外出时经常带把雨伞因为他们不想淋雨.
【解析】 D英语中,淋雨用catch的被动形式表达.
2.【翻译】 只要汤姆知道我遇到麻烦,他总会帮我一把.
【解析】 B本题中would表示过去常常发生的动作.
3.【翻译】 墙上有只箭,表示前进的方向.
【解析】 D point意为“指向”;identify意为“辨认”;mark意为“标示”;indicate意为“表示”.
4.【翻译】 宇航员发现从远处观看地球令人激动不已.
【解析】 B 本题考核形式宾语的应用.句子中it是形式宾语,a most exciting experience为名词短语作宾语补足语.
5.【翻译】 随着人们年龄的增长,他们对人生的看法渐渐改变.
【解析】 B 四个选项均可用作动词,其中like意为“喜欢”;tend意为“趋向:wish意为”希望“;long意为”渴望“.
6-【翻译】 没有接到总部的指示,我们做不了决定.
【解析】C本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式.根据题意判断,分词的动作(接到指示)发生在谓语动词的动作(做决定)之前,因此用分词的完成式.分词的否定式的构成为not+分词.该句可理解为:Because we had not received any instructions from the Head Office, we couldn't make any decision.
7.【翻译】 这个设计如此精心以至于你找不到任何差错.
【解析】 B本题考核近义形容词的区别.delicate意为”精美的,精致的“;elaborate意为”精心制作的“;fancy意为”别致的,花哨的“;complicated意为”复杂的“.
8.【翻译】 光传播如此地快以至于我们难以想象它的速度.
【解析】 D本句中So在句首,谓语动词要用倒装形式.
9.【翻译】 她做梦都渴望游览意大利.
【解析】 C so…that与such…that的意思和句法作用相同,但是因为so(adv.)和such(adj.)的词类不同,所以so...that和such...that的句子结构也不同.试比较:so+ adj. /adv.+that clause(so后跟形容词或副词);such( a/an)+n.+that clause(8uch后跟名词).
10.【翻译】 即使他在这儿,他也不能够帮助我们.
【解析】 D虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其条件从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be -般用were),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形.
11.【翻译】 教室很干净,只是地板上有几片碎纸屑.
【解析】 A本题考核近义词的用法区别.except for的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事;except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分;besides:强调”除此之外,还包括“;without:”没有“.
12.【翻译】 他是愿意参加补考的唯一男生.
【解析】 A本题考核主谓一致的语法现象.主句为一般现在时,而定语从句的先
行词是单数概念,所以定语从句的谓语也要用一般现在时单数形式.
13.【翻译】 他说英语确实很好,当然没有以英语为母语者说得流利.
【解析】 C本题考核修饰部分的语法应用.后半句可看作是句子的状语成分,用副词修饰谓语动词.同时注意not as( so) ...as的应用.
14.【翻译】 发展核科学应该为人们带来益处而不是带来危害.
【解析】 A rather than意为”而不是“;other than意为”除了,不同于“;more than意为”多于“;better than意为”好于“.
15.【翻译】 现在每人都在努力工作,过着幸福生活,是吗?
【解析】 D 当陈述部分的主语为everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,nobody等 表示人的不定代词时,反义疑问句的主语在日常英语中通常用they.如:Everyone has been to Shanghai,haven't they?如果陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing 等表示物的不定代词时,附加问句的主语常用it,不用they.如:Everything is getting along quite well, isn't it?
16.【翻译】 对不起,我不知道Dr. Smith已经度假回来.我马上去看他.
【解析】 A本题考核宾语从句的掌握情况.I didn't know是主句部分,Dr. Smith has already returned from his holiday是宾语从句,其连接词为that.
17.【翻译】 人类不可能在核战争中生存.
【解析】 D retain意为”保持,保留“;endure意为”忍受“;maintain意为”维持,维修“;survive意为”生存“.
18.【翻译】 是一位恰巧路过的战士在危险中挽救了那位姑娘.
【解析】 C本句须用强调句,其句子结构是”It is/was - - - that“.
19.【翻译】 她买的词典是我买的词典的价格的两倍.
【解析】 A在倍数的表达中,两倍用twice或two times,三倍以上用基数词加times,twice as much as意为”是……的两倍“.
20.【翻译】 当我给他测体温时,高于正常两度.
【解析】 D average意为”平均“;ordinary意为”普通“;regular意为”规则“;normal 意为”正常“.
21.【翻译】 我真的为你着急.你不该不说一声就离家.
【解析】 B”should have+ -ed分词“结构用来表示”应该已经……“,”本来应该……“,即过去该做某事但实际没有做,其否定式”shouldn't have+ -ed分词“意为”本来不应该……“,即过去不应该做某事实际却做了.
22.【翻译】 如果你在卡片上填入你的姓名,地址,只要书归还我们就将其寄给你.
【解析】 B go over意为”复习,回顾“;fill in意为”填入“;find out意为”找到,发现“;carry out意为”执行“.
23.【翻译】 再喝些咖啡吗?我想你需要.
【解析】 C句中more意为”再来些“,其修饰语应为some或any.
24.【翻译】 这些是我们都熟悉的普通材料.
【解析】 C 本题考核定语从句介词前置的语法现象.短语be familiar with的介词with放在关系代词which前面.
25.【翻译】 他不顾危险,毅然跳入河中.
【解析】 D根据题意,跳人河中是危险的行为,because表示原因;in terms of意为”按照“;instead of意为”代替,而不是“;regardless of意为”不顾“.
26.【翻译】 到下周我离开研究所时,我将已在那里工作.
【解析】 C将来完成时表示在将来某一个时间之前完成的动作.它常与表将来的时间状语连用.
27.【翻译】 不同家庭中孩子的数量不同,在l到15个之间.
【解析】 A本题考核近义动词辨析.vary意为”呈现不同,变化“;seem意为”看起来像“;change意为”变化,改变“;turn意为”转变“.
28.【翻译】 古代人们用手头的材料盖房子.
【解析】 C convenient意为”方便的“;important意为”重要的“;available意为”可得到的“;natural意为”自然的“.
29.【翻译】 她毫不犹豫地同意了.
【解析】 A hesitation意为”犹豫“;thinking意为”思想,思维“;look意为”长相,相貌“;hope意为”希望“. :
30.【翻译】 他们有找到治愈普通感冒的可能性吗?
【解析】 B prospective为形容词,意为”可能的,未来的“;prospect为名词,意为”前景,可能性“;prosperity为名词,意为”繁荣,兴旺“;prosperous为形容词,意为”繁荣的,兴旺的“.
31.【翻译】 有些人是色盲,分辨不出蓝色和绿色.
【解析】 A本题考核近义动词的区别.distinguish意为”分辨出“;differ意为”不同,差异“;separate意为”使分开“;divide意为”分割,划分“.
32.【翻译】 无论谁知道这首歌的名字就能从电台得到一份奖品. j
【解析】 D who与whoever的区别在于意思不一样.who指谁,是特殊疑问词,用于疑问句;whoever是”无论谁“,引导主语从句,有时也引导宾语从句.
33.【翻译】 所有的国家均是美国的客户或潜在客户.
【解析】 A potential意为”潜在的“;pretended意为”装扮的,假装的“;preventive意为”预防的,防止的“;protective意为”保护的“.
34.【翻译】 安全规定适用于每个人.
【解析】 D apply to意为”适用于“;apply for意为”申请".
35.【翻译】 我们到达车站结果却发现火车刚刚开走.
篇8：翻译资格考试catti三级笔译词汇
圣战(伊斯兰教徒对异教徒的战争) jihad
生殖健康 reproductive health (Youths in China are becoming more open about premarital sex, but their awareness of reproductive health and safe sex remains relatively low, the first-ever extensive nat ionwide survey on the subject suggests. 首次全国范围的(青少年生殖健康)调查显 示，中国青少年对婚前性行为的态度变得更开放，但是他们对生殖健康和安全性行为的知识却相对缺乏。)
生命探测仪 life detect ion instrument
生 物 降 解 的 biodegradable (The biodegradable plastic garbage bags used at Beijing Olympics venues will be available on the Chinese market next year. 曾在奥运场馆广为使用的生物降解塑料袋有望在明年进入市场。)
生效 come into force; take effect
升学率 enrolment rate
生鱼片 sashimi
审美疲劳 aesthetic fatigue
申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection
申请专利 apply for a patent
神舟飞船 the Shenzhou spaceship
涉嫌犯罪案件 suspected criminal case
实报实销 complete reimbursement
世 博 园 expo garden (At the 5.28-sq-km expo garden, upwards of 800,000 visitors are expected to punch their tickets at the gate every day - equivalent to dropping a different European city into the middle of Shanghai seven days a week. 世博园面积达 5.28平方公里，届时每天将接待游客超过 80 万人次，这相当于每周将一个欧洲城市的人口输送至上海市中心。)
时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man.
市场饱和 market saturation; saturated market
市场波动 market fluctuation
市场导向的就业机制 market-oriented employment mechanisms
市场供求关系 relation between market supply and demand
市场化 marketization
市场疲软 sluggish market
市场调节 market regulat ion; regulat ion market
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