托福独立写作论证方法思路实例分析
“不要扒我马甲”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇托福独立写作论证方法思路实例分析，下面是小编为大家整理后的托福独立写作论证方法思路实例分析，如果喜欢可以分享给身边的朋友喔!
篇1：托福独立写作论证方法思路实例分析
很多同学都很头疼独立写作的中间到底写点什么，小编也经常听到学生抱怨：那些范文的作者怎么有那么多有的没的可以扯，我就是想不出那么多话那么多内容往文章里搬啊。面对这样的问题，小编一开始也很困惑应该怎样去帮助他们，因为这是确实存在的一个事实，暂且不谈英文，即便是说中文，也有一些人是能“扯”的，有一些人是“不能扯”的。后来小编发现，“能不能扯”在方向上来说就已经错了，或者说已经偏了，偏离了简单写作的轨道。原因在于，内容是无止尽的，非要一个高中生脑子里装很多内容素材也确实强人所难。即便经历了长期的准备积累，在考场上要把这些信息想到，再敲到文章里也是很耗费时间的，所以说关于论证细节，如果从内容下手进行思考，反而会让写作看起来更复杂。那么，托福考试中的简单写作到底是什么呢?那就是考生一定听说过的“论证方法”。大部分考生对这个词不陌生，知道主体段需要运用各种论证方法进行支持。在此，小编想强调的是，考生大可不必从内容上去思考写点什么，而是直接可以从论证方法入手，因为论证方法是有止尽的，最常用的也是最好用的论证方法包括因果论证(分析原因、说明结果)、举例论证、引证以及对比论证。我们随便看几个范文段落就可以发现，文章段落中的每一句话都是有存在的目的的，所谓目的就是论证的方法。
论证方法实例分析1
例如：
1. Firstly,the wide application of the Internet dramatically boosts the convenience and efficiency of acquiring knowledge for people.(中心句)2.In the times without the Internet,the main way to be well-educated was attending schools.3.But the scarcity of educational resources enabled only a few elites to do it.4.Thanks to the Internet technology,the knowledge gets across among people regardless of time and space.5.For example,Khan Academy,an innovative online educational company,offers high-quality and free-of-charge cramming courses involving mathematics,physics and other high school subjects.6.Another renowned program called “Coursera” cooperates with top universities and puts online real lectures of top-notch professors for people to learn from at no cost.
整个段落一共6句话，第一句话是中心句，第二句到第四句是对比论证(没有网络的时候VS有了网络的时候)，第五句和第六句是两个例子。
论证方法实例分析2
再如：
1.In the first place,job satisfaction is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society.2.Due to the fierce competition and social pressure,whether workers can attain satisfaction in their positions determines how hardly they work,which also determines how many profits the company will get.3.My brother can be cited as a good example.4.At first,he worked in an international company which cared nothing for its employees but profits.5.He was forced to work for extra hours without extra salary in regular working time, which generated extreme tiredness and dissatisfaction.6.As a result,he soon changed the job into a more satisfying one which has more vacation,better working environment and more friendly relationships between colleagues.7.Now,my brother enjoys his job which creates great job satisfaction for him and works more assiduously.
整个段落一共7句话，第一句仍然是中心句，第二句用的是因果论证，第三句开始举了具体的个人例子。
因此，当中心句写完之后，到底写点什么来支撑一个段落的字数，考生可以从论证方法这个概念去思考。例如Body 1中心句之后可以先用因果论证，带一下原因，再将结果层层递进写几句话，结束之后字数肯定不够，那就想一下还有一种论证方法叫举例论证，能不能编一个例子出来。同理，Body 2还是先写中心句，接下来写一句因果，写一句对比(正反假设)，最后再来一组例子。简而言之，我们在思考的时候从论证方法出发，但是呈献给考官看的还是内容。论证方法只是便于我们快速想到写的内容的方向，总比绞尽脑汁直接想内容要简单得多。
如何让段落逻辑清晰?
在了解了怎样以最快速度想出理由段写点什么内容之后，还需要注意的一个问题是，有些人能“条理清晰地扯”，有些人“扯出了一团浆糊”。那么怎样才能让考官看着觉得这个段落逻辑清晰呢?笔者在看了很多官方范文及学生的高分文章后，发现了一个规律，好的文章段落有一个共同的逻辑层次，即由抽象到具体，上文两个段落的层次安排也是按照这样来进行的，中心句结束后进行解释，最后搬上例子。这样看来，文章理由段的写法也非常简单，按照上面的安排操作即可，根据论证方法配以具体的内容，一个段落就能轻松完成了。在此要强调的是，新托福作文中，主体段的例子是非常重要的，考生应该做到每一个段落都要有例子支持，当然并不一定是具体某个人的例子，可以是引用的研究结果，也可以使用排比的句式写出一组列举的例子。
如果你还在为托福独立写作中间段不知道如何写而困惑，小编相信看过上文内容后，你心中的疑惑应该就能够得到比较好的解答了。
托福考试作文范例：是否所有学科的大学生都应该学习历史?
托福考试作文题目：
University students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.
学习任何学科的大学生都应该被要求学习历史课，是否认同?
(9月29日 = 6月13日)
思路拓展：
历史学习的利好：
1. 阅读本身就是快乐的，学习本身就是一种成长。阅读经典史书，无论是典故，传记，还是语录，都是一种开拓视野，丰富知识，增加文化底蕴的过程。
2. 很多精英，无论是文体明星，还是商业巨子，他们的成功的重要因素之一就是大学期间博览群书，钻研历史。学习历史不仅增强了他们的文化底蕴，更加教会他们以史为鉴，理性思考。换言之，他们不断借鉴史书，积累成功的方法，学习失败的经验。当他们走出校园，搏击商海，拓展事业的时候，从历史学习中汲取精神力量帮助他们避免犯类似的错误，危机中做出明智选择。
为何不学习历史：
我承认，有人也许对于我的立场持怀疑态度。
有人认为，大学所有专业的学生都被要求学习历史也许不可取，因为不是人人都对历史感兴趣，历史学习不一定对于每个专业的学生都有实际的利好。例如，对于植物学专业的学生而言，学习历史可能耽误时间，分散精力，因此，积累历史知识对于未来的就业可能影响不大。
但是，我想反驳的是：对于历史学习的兴趣是可以培养的，通过学习历史获得的精神乐趣，培养的辩证思维对于每个人的未来都是有利好的影响。
【基础语料库】
1. instill confidence into oneself
v灌输自信
解析：instill v灌输……
2. foster one’s rational thinking and critical thought
v培养理性思维和批判思维
3. get a clear perspective of oneself
v了解自己
4. make sound judgment on
v对于……做出理性的判断
解析：sound adj理性的;健康的
5. enhance one’s literacy
v增强一个人的读写能力
6. avoid making similar mistakes
v避免犯相似的错误
7. enlarge one’s scope of knowledge
v增加知识面
8. broaden one’s mental horizons
v拓宽视野
拓展： expand one’s mind v开拓视野(口语推荐)
9. exert a positive impact on the future
v对于未来有积极影响
10. learn the relevant experiences from the historical events
v从历史事件中学习相关经验
11. learn the methods of addressing the problems
v学习解决问题的方法
12. if one’s major is totally irrelevant to history
如果一个人的专业和历史完全无关
解析：such as botany or zoology 例如动物学和动物性
13. to learn history will distract one’s energy and waster one’s time
v学习历史会分散精力，浪费时间
14. take history as a mirror
v以史为鉴
15. foster one’s analytical, creative and rational thinking
v培养人的分析性思维，创造性思维和理性思维
点评：可以支持历史，文学，哲学等课程。
16. mature one’s thought
v成熟思想
17. reflect on oneself
v自我反思
18. deepen one’s insight into life
v 加深对于生活的洞察
解析：insight into = understanding about v对于……的洞察
19. brings about a great many benefits to one’s spiritual growth
v给人的精神成长带来很多利好
20. have nothing to do with our current life
v和我们当前的生活联系不大
解析：is irrelevant to v和……的关系不大
点评：让步段使用
【原创语料库】
1. People have been debating for many years whether or not the college students as a whole should be required to study history without reaching any consensus
人们在争议是否大学生应该被鼓励学习历史，没有达成共识。
2. All university students, regardless of their majors，are supposed to spend some time learning history-related courses.
每个大学生，无论学习何种专业，都应该花点时间学习和历史相关的课程。
3. College students of all fields ought to know some common sense about the past.
学习任何学科的大学生都应该对于过去有些基本常识。
4. The pleasure of acquiring history knowledge lies in the process of reading itself.
学习历史知识的乐趣在于阅读本身。
5. To travel in the ocean of history-related books， no matter what one reads such as stories, biographies or analects，is a good way to expand one’s mental horizons，enlarge one’s scope of knowledge and strengthen one’s cultural deposits.
阅读经典历书，无论是典故，传记，还是语录，都是一种开拓视野，丰富知识，增加文化底蕴的过程。
6. Examples from many fields could be quoted to justify my stand. A lot of social elites ranging from top stars to eminent entrepreneurs all take a keen interest in studying history-related courses and reading extensively, which conduces to their later achievements in personal career.
很多精英，无论是文体明星，还是商业巨子，他们的成功的重要因素之一就是大学期间，钻研历史, 博览群书。
7. The acquisition of history knowledge not only strengthens their cultural deposits, but also fosters their rational mode of thinking, for they have learnt to take history as a mirror.
学习历史不仅增强了他们的文化底蕴，更加教会他们以史为鉴，理性思考。
8. In other words, they constantly benefit form the past histories by means of learning successful figures and mirroring the experiences of failure.
换言之，他们不断借鉴史中,积累成功的方法，学习失败的经验。
解析：mirror = reflect v反思
9. After finishing university life, they dived into bossiness world or expanded personal career， what they spiritually gained from history learning helps them avoid committing blunders and make sound judgment.
当他们走出校园，搏击商海，拓展事业的时候，从历史学习中汲取精神力量帮助他们避免犯类似的错误，危机中做出明智选择。
10. Admittedly, some people might take skeptical attitude towards my standpoint.
我承认，有人也许对于我的立场持怀疑态度。
11. Someone might argue that it is not feasible to inspire students of all fields to study history because not every individual can be attracted by the idea of knowing the past and the energy spent in history might fail to benefit their future directly.
有人认为，大学所有专业的学生都被要求学习历史也许不可取，因为不是人人都对历史感兴趣，历史学习不一定对于每个专业的学生都有实际的利好.
12. Confronted with the tremendous pressure of academic study , only few students will allocate energies and time to history learning
学习压力大，学生们不愿意学习历史.
解析：allocate to v分配……
解析：allocate time to doing sth = is unwilling to do sth = is reluctant to do sth v不愿意做……
13. One’s interest in history can be cultivated
对于历史学习的兴趣是可以培养的.
14. The mental pleasure and dialectical thinking deriving from history learning could impose a proud influence on one’s future.
通过学习历史获得的精神乐趣，培养的辩证思维对于每个人的未来都是有利好的影响。
篇2：托福独立写作中间段论证写法思路实例讲解
很多同学都很头疼独立写作的中间到底写点什么，小编也经常听到学生抱怨：那些范文的作者怎么有那么多有的没的可以扯，我就是想不出那么多话那么多内容往文章里搬啊。面对这样的问题，小编一开始也很困惑应该怎样去帮助他们，因为这是确实存在的一个事实，暂且不谈英文，即便是说中文，也有一些人是能“扯”的，有一些人是“不能扯”的。后来小编发现，“能不能扯”在方向上来说就已经错了，或者说已经偏了，偏离了简单写作的轨道。原因在于，内容是无止尽的，非要一个高中生脑子里装很多内容素材也确实强人所难。即便经历了长期的准备积累，在考场上要把这些信息想到，再敲到文章里也是很耗费时间的，所以说关于论证细节，如果从内容下手进行思考，反而会让写作看起来更复杂。那么，托福考试中的简单写作到底是什么呢?那就是考生一定听说过的“论证方法”。大部分考生对这个词不陌生，知道主体段需要运用各种论证方法进行支持。在此，小编想强调的是，考生大可不必从内容上去思考写点什么，而是直接可以从论证方法入手，因为论证方法是有止尽的，最常用的也是最好用的论证方法包括因果论证(分析原因、说明结果)、举例论证、引证以及对比论证。我们随便看几个范文段落就可以发现，文章段落中的每一句话都是有存在的目的的，所谓目的就是论证的方法。
论证方法实例分析1
例如：
1. Firstly,the wide application of the Internet dramatically boosts the convenience and efficiency of acquiring knowledge for people.(中心句)2.In the times without the Internet,the main way to be well-educated was attending schools.3.But the scarcity of educational resources enabled only a few elites to do it.4.Thanks to the Internet technology,the knowledge gets across among people regardless of time and space.5.For example,Khan Academy,an innovative online educational company,offers high-quality and free-of-charge cramming courses involving mathematics,physics and other high school subjects.6.Another renowned program called “Coursera” cooperates with top universities and puts online real lectures of top-notch professors for people to learn from at no cost.
整个段落一共6句话，第一句话是中心句，第二句到第四句是对比论证(没有网络的时候VS有了网络的时候)，第五句和第六句是两个例子。
论证方法实例分析2
再如：
1.In the first place,job satisfaction is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society.2.Due to the fierce competition and social pressure,whether workers can attain satisfaction in their positions determines how hardly they work,which also determines how many profits the company will get.3.My brother can be cited as a good example.4.At first,he worked in an international company which cared nothing for its employees but profits.5.He was forced to work for extra hours without extra salary in regular working time, which generated extreme tiredness and dissatisfaction.6.As a result,he soon changed the job into a more satisfying one which has more vacation,better working environment and more friendly relationships between colleagues.7.Now,my brother enjoys his job which creates great job satisfaction for him and works more assiduously.
整个段落一共7句话，第一句仍然是中心句，第二句用的是因果论证，第三句开始举了具体的个人例子。
因此，当中心句写完之后，到底写点什么来支撑一个段落的字数，考生可以从论证方法这个概念去思考。例如Body 1中心句之后可以先用因果论证，带一下原因，再将结果层层递进写几句话，结束之后字数肯定不够，那就想一下还有一种论证方法叫举例论证，能不能编一个例子出来。同理，Body 2还是先写中心句，接下来写一句因果，写一句对比(正反假设)，最后再来一组例子。简而言之，我们在思考的时候从论证方法出发，但是呈献给考官看的还是内容。论证方法只是便于我们快速想到写的内容的方向，总比绞尽脑汁直接想内容要简单得多。
如何让段落逻辑清晰?
在了解了怎样以最快速度想出理由段写点什么内容之后，还需要注意的一个问题是，有些人能“条理清晰地扯”，有些人“扯出了一团浆糊”。那么怎样才能让考官看着觉得这个段落逻辑清晰呢?笔者在看了很多官方范文及学生的高分文章后，发现了一个规律，好的文章段落有一个共同的逻辑层次，即由抽象到具体，上文两个段落的层次安排也是按照这样来进行的，中心句结束后进行解释，最后搬上例子。这样看来，文章理由段的写法也非常简单，按照上面的安排操作即可，根据论证方法配以具体的内容，一个段落就能轻松完成了。在此要强调的是，新托福作文中，主体段的例子是非常重要的，考生应该做到每一个段落都要有例子支持，当然并不一定是具体某个人的例子，可以是引用的研究结果，也可以使用排比的句式写出一组列举的例子。
托福语料：CGTN主播刘欣和Fox主播Trish辩论原文
Regan：Xin welcome, it’s good to have you here.
刘欣你好，很高兴你能来。
Have sb 表示邀请
比如我们去别人家吃饭，告辞的时候可以说声 thanks for having me here表示谢谢你邀请我来。
Xin：Unprecedented opportunity to speak to you and to speak to audiences in the ordinary houses in the US.
Unprecedented：adj. 前所未有的
? that has never happened, been done or been known before
? 前所未有的;空前的;没有先例的:
I have to get it straight, I am not a member of CPC.
Get sth straight, 把……说清楚 一般用来更正，或者澄清可能产生的误解
在口语里可以说let me get it straight… I’m not saying….
This is on the record, please don’t assume that I am a member. I don’t speak for the CPC and I’m here today I’m only speaking for myself as Liu Xin a journalist working for CGTN. So if anybody wants to quote me, please put my name there at least.
On the record:记录在案;公开发布
一般采访的时候，如果希望自己匿名，可以说off the record.
能和你交谈，和美国普通家庭中的观众交谈，这是一个前所未有的机会。我必须澄清，我并不是中国共产党。
我把话说明白，请不要假定我是党员。我并不为共产党发言，今天在这里我是作为CGTN的记者代表我自己发言。所以，如果有人想引用我的话，至少请把我的名字放在这里。
(刘欣直接表明自己身份，强调自己是个人身份，回击了对方对身份和立场攻击)
Regan：Ok appreciate it. Give your current assessment of where we are on these trade talks. Do you believe a deal is possible?
好的，谢谢你。以你目前对贸易谈判的评估，告诉我们你对贸易谈判进展的判断吧。你相信会达成协议吗?
非常好的口语表达，不是字面意思我们在哪里，而是表示一种现状, 或者处境。
Xin：It is true that the satellite connection is not very good, but I believe you are asking me where we are in terms of the trade negotiations. I don’t know. I don’t have any insider information. I knew that talks were not very successful last time when they were going on in the United States, and now I know both sides are considering what to go next. But I think the Chinese government has made its position very clear that the US treated the Chinese government, treated the Chinese negotiation team with respect and show the willingness to talk without using outside pressure. There is high possibility that there could be a productive trade deal. Otherwise we might be facing a prolonged period of problems for both sides.
productive:高产的
Someone or something that is productive produces or does a lot for the amount of resources used.
? Training makes workers highly productive...
培训提高了工人们的生产力。
prolonged :持续很久的;时间长的
A prolonged event or situation continues for a long time, or for longer than expected.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
? ...a prolonged period of low interest rates.
长期的低利率
卫星信号的确不是很好哈。但是如果你问我，当前我们贸易谈判的进程如何，我并不知道。我并没有任何内部消息。我知道上一次在美国的谈判不是很顺利，现在我知道双方都在考虑接下来怎么办。但是我认为，中国政府已经摆出了明确的立场：只要美国尊重中国政府、中方谈判团队，展现出不施加外部压力来交流的意愿，我们就很有可能达成富有成效的贸易协议。否则，我们双方可能都会面临旷日持久的问题时期。
Regan: I would stress that trade wars are never good. They are not good for anyone. So I wanna believe Xin I wanna believe that something can get done. And this is certainly a challenging time. I realize there are a lot of rhetorics out there. But let me term one of the issues. That’s IP rights…You fundamentally… I think we can all agree that it’s right to take something that’s not yours. And in going through some of these cases, cases of the independent WTO that China is a member of as well as the DOJ, the FBI cases, you can actually see some of them are on the screen right now. There is evidence that China has stolen an enormous amount of IP, hundreds of billions of dollars worth. But truly, I think we shouldn't care hundreds of billions of dollars are just 50 cents. How do American businesses operate in China if there are risks of having their ideas or intellectual properties stolen?
rhetorics: 华丽的词藻;浮夸之词
If you refer to speech or writing as rhetoric, you disapprove of it because it is intended to convince and impress people but may not be sincere or honest.
【语用信息】：disapproval
? What is required is immediate action, not rhetoric...
需要的是立刻采取行动，而不是说些华而不实的空话。
我想强调，贸易战绝不是好事儿，对任何人都不好。所以我愿意相信，我愿意相信能做成一些事情。这无疑是一个极具挑战的时代。我意识到形形色色的话术。但是，让我来聊其中一个问题吧。那就是知识产权……你基本上……我想我们都同意，拿不是你的东西是不对的。在浏览某些此类案件的过程中，中国也是成员之一的WTO、DOJ和FBI的案件，你现在可以真切地在屏幕上看到它们。有证据表明，中国盗窃了大量的IP，价值数万亿美元。但认真的，我认为我们不该把数万亿美元当做50美分。如果有让他们的想法或知识产权遭到盗窃的风险?
Xin: Well, I think Trish you should ask American businesses whether they want to come to China, whether they find coming to China and cooperating with Chinese businesses has been profitable or not. They will tell you their answers, as far as I understand, many American companies have been established in China very profitable. The great majority of them, I believe, plan to continue to invest in China and explore the Chinese market. Well now US president Donald Trump’s tariffs make it a little bit difficult, make the future a little bit uncertain. I don not deny that there are IP infringement or copyright issues or there are piracy or even theft of commercial secrets. I think this is something to be dealt with. I think the Chinese government, the Chinese people and me as an individual, I think there is a consensus because without the protection of IP right nobody, no country, no individual can be stronger, can develop itself. I think that is a very clear consensus among the Chinese society. And of course there are cases where individuals where companies just go and steal, and that’s a common practice probably in every part of the world. There are companies in the United States who sue each other all the time for infringement on IP rights. You can’t say simply because these cases are happening, America is stealing or China is stealing or the Chinese people are stealing. And basically that’s the reason why I wrote that rebuttal because I think this kind of blanket statement is really not helpful, really not helpful.
blanket statement： 含糊的，一锅端的观点
blanket表示毯子，这里面引申为overall的意思，就是以偏概全的意思。
例句：This is often a blanket statement that many people use when they don't understand or can't explain something easily.
这常常是一句空洞的话，当不理解或者不能轻易解释某些事物的时候，很多人使用这句话。
我认为你应该去问问美国公司，看看他们愿不愿意来中国，看看他们觉得到中国来、和中国公司合作是不是有利可图。他们会给你答案的。就我所知，许多美国公司在中国发展得非常好，盈利非常可观。我相信，他们中的绝大多数都打算继续在中国投资，开发中国市场。好吧，现在美国总统特朗普的关税把事情弄得有点儿麻烦了，把未来弄得有点儿不确定了。
我不否认的确存在知识产权侵犯问题、版权问题、隐私问题乃至商业机密盗窃问题。我认为这是有待于解决的事情。中国政府、中国人民以及我作为个体都有这样一个共识，因为如果没有IP保护，没有国家或个人可以独善其身。这在中国社会是一个显而易见的共识。当然也有个体或公司进行偷窃的案例，这样的情况或许在世界各地都很常见。许多美国的公司也一直在控诉彼此侵犯知识产权。你不能因为这样的案例在发生，就说美国人就在盗窃，或者中国人在盗窃。基本上这就是我写下那段反驳的原因，因为我认为，这种含糊片面的言论真的毫无益处，真的毫无益处。
Regan: It’s not just a statement. It’s multiple reports including evident from the WTO. Let me ask you about Huawei. That’s in the headlines right now. (Sure. I don't deny those.) As I said, we can all agree, if you do business with someone, it has to be based on trust. and you don’t want anyone stealing your valuable information you spent decades working on. Anyway China passed a law in requiring tech companies to work with the military and the government. It’s not just individual companies right? They might be getting access to these technologies as the government itself, which is an interesting nuance. But I get that China is upset that Huawei has not been welcome to the US market totally. So let me just ask you this, it’s an interesting way to think about it. What if we said, you know, sure, Huawei, come on in, but here’s the deal you must share all the technological advances that you’ve been working on. You get to share with us. Would that be ok?
nuance:noun [C, U] 细微差别
? a very slight difference in meaning, sound, colour or sb's feelings that is not usually very obvious
?He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
他认真地注视着她的脸,捕捉每一丝细微的表情变化。
这不仅仅是一段言论。这是许多份报告，其中包括了来自WTO的证据。让我问问你华为的事儿吧。毕竟这是现在的头条热点。(当然，我不否认。)如我所说，我们都同意，如果你要和一个人做生意，那一定是建立在信任之上的，你不希望别人来偷窃你花费了几十年心血的宝贵信息。无论如何，中国通过了一条法律，要求科技公司与军方和政府合作。不仅仅是独立的公司对吧?政府本身也可能接触到这些技术，这是一个很有趣的细微差别。但我了解到，华为在美国市场完全不受欢迎，这事儿让中方很沮丧。所以我想问问你，用这种方式来想很有意思。如果我们说，华为，进来吧，但条件是你们必须把正在研究的所有先进技术都拿来共享。你们必须和我们分享。这样可以吗?
Xin: I think if it is through cooperation, if it is through mutual learning, if you pay for the use of this IP or high technology, absolutely fine. Why not? We all prosper because we learn from each other. I learn English because I had American teachers. I learn English because I had American friends. Still I’m learning journalism because I have American copy editors. I think that is fine as long as it is not illegal. Everybody should do that. That’s how we get better right?
我认为如果是通过合作，如果是通过互相学习，如果你愿意花钱来使用我们的知识产权或高新技术，绝对可以的。为什么不呢?我们都会繁荣发展，因为我们互相学习。我学英语，因为我有美国老师。我学英语，因为我有美国朋友。不仅如此，我学新闻，因为我有美国的文案编辑。我觉得那是可以的，只要不违反法律。每个人都应该那样做。我们就是那样变得更好的，不是吗?
Regan：But you mention something very important, which is that you should pay for the acquisition of that. You know, look, I think that the liberalized economic world in which we live and have valued intellectual property and it’s governed by a set of laws, and so you need kind of to play by the rules and play by those laws for going to have that kind of trust between each other. But I think you bring up some good points. Let me turn to China right now, which is now…wow…the second largest economy. At what point will China abandon its developing nation status or stop borrowing from the World Bank.
但你提到了一件非常重要的事情，那就是：你应该花钱来买知识产权。你知道的，听着，我认为我们生活在一个自由化的经济世界之中，当今世界很重视知识产权，这个问题受到一系列法律的管束，所以你必须按照规则和法律来玩这场游戏，才能建立起彼此之间的信任。但我认为，你提到了一些很好的观点。让我聊回中国，中国现在……哇哦，第二大经济体。到什么时候，中国才会放弃发展中国家的身份，停止向世界银行借钱呢?
Xin： Well I think discussion is going on and I have heard a very live discussion about it. Indeed, there are people talking about China already big, why don’t you just grow up? I think we want to grow up, we don’t wanna be dwarf and underdeveloped all the time. But it depends on how you define developing country, right?
If you look at the overall size of the Chinese economy, yes we are very big. But don't forget we have 1.4 billion people, that is over three times population of the United States. But when it comes down to per capita GDP, we are less than 1/6 of that of the United States and even less than some other more developed countries.
It’s a very complicated issue, because as I said it’s very small, but overall it’s very big.
We can do a lot of big things, and people are looking upon us to do a lot more around the world.
So I think we are doing that, we’re contributing to the United Nations, we’re the world’s biggest contributor to the UN peace keeping commissions, we’re giving out donations and humanitarian aids. Because we know we have to grow up and Trish, thank you for the reminder.
好的，我认为讨论正在进行中，我已经听到了关于这个话题的非常生动的讨论。事实上，有很多人说中国已经很大了，你们为什么就不能成长起来呢?我认为我们也想要成长，我们也不想一直低人一等、不够发达。但是这要取决于你如何定义发展中国家，对吗?
从如果你观察中国经济的整体规模，那么没错，我们体量很大。但不要忘了，我们还有14亿人民，是美国人口的三倍。但是，由人均GDP来看，我们还不到美国的1/6，跟其他更发达的国家比起来就更少了。
这是一个非常复杂的问题，因为我说了中国的人均GDP很低，但总体经济规模非常大。
我们可以做成很多伟大的事情，人民期待我们在世界各地做更多的事情。
所以我认为我们正在这要做，我们正在为联合国做贡献，我们是世界上为联合国维和任务贡献最多的国家，我们积极捐款，参与人道主义援助。因为我们知道我们必须“长大”，也谢谢你的提醒。
Regan: Let’s get to the tariffs, I’ve seen some of your commentaries too, and Xin I appreciated it you think China could lower some of it’s tariffs. I watch to see that and I totally agree with you. In , the average tariff charged on the American goods in China was 9.9%, and that was nearly three times what the US was charging, so what do you say about this?
让我们来聊聊关税。我也看过了一些你的评论，我很感谢你认为中国应该降低关税。我拭目以待，而且完全同意你的观点。，中国对美国商品征收的平均关税是9.9%，差不多是美国所征收的三倍。你怎么看待这个问题?
Xin: I think that would be a wonderful idea, I mean don’t you think? I mean for American consumers, products from China will be even cheaper, and for consumers in China, products from US will be so much cheaper too. I think that will be wonderful idea.
You talked about rule-based order, this is the thing, if you want to change the rules, it has to be done in mutual consensus, basically, if you talk about tariffs, it is not only about China and US, I understand, if you lower tariffs just between China and the Unites States, the Europeans will come, the Japanese will come, the Venezuelans will probably come and say, hey, we want the same tariff. But you can’t discriminate between countries, so it’s a very complicated settlement to reach.
When the world agreed on the tariff reduction China should commit to……was exactly the result of years of difficult negotiations of the United States saw in its interests and decided to what degree they can agree, or to what degree they can lower their tariff, and China agreed to, although in some difficulties, lower our tariff considerably, it is all the decisions of countries according to their own self interests, now things are different.
20 years later, what are we going to do? Maybe these old rules need to be changed. Let’s talk about it, let’s do it according to the rules. If you don’t like the rules, let’s change the rules, but again, it must be a multilateral decision.
我认为这是个很好的主意，你不觉得吗?我的意思是，对于美国消费者而言，来自中国的商品会更便宜了，而对于中国的消费者而言，来自美国的商品也会便宜得多。我认为这会是个很棒的主意。
你谈到了基于规则的系统，基于规则的秩序，这就是问题所在。如果你想要改变规则，那必须是建立在双向共识之上。从基本上说，如果你要谈关税，那就不仅仅是中国和美国之间的问题。我明白，如果你只降低中美之间的关税，那么欧洲国家会跑过来，日本会跑过来，委内瑞拉或许也会跑过来，然后说：喂，我们也想要一样的关税。你不能区别对待不同的国家，所以这是一个非常复杂、难以解决的问题。
全球各国也是经过了艰难的协商才决定关税降低的幅度。期间美国也是根据自己的利益，决定在多大程度上同意或者在多大程度上决定他们可以做些什么。尽管中国面临一些困难，但依然同意大幅降低关税，这本来就是各国根据自己的利益所做的决定。现在，事情不一样了。
后，我们应该怎么做?或许旧有的规则需要改变。让我们坐下来沟通、根据规则行事。如果你不喜欢现在的规则，那让我们来改变规则。但我需要再重申一遍，这必须是一个多边的决定。
Regan: You go back the trade view of 1974 Section 3, I wonder. There was a rule that enable U.S to use tariffs trying to influence behavior of China should have been taken in stealing our intellectual property. And I think in some ways that is part of what come in for human’s sense of trust. I hear you on the force technology transfer. And I think that some of the American companies perhaps admit it is a mistake in terms of being willing to overlook what they might have to give up in the new turn. But this is an issue where the country as a whole needs to step in and we’re seeing the United States do that perhaps in a way that hasn’t happened. I mean it’s been in a background. Don’t get me wrong. I think previous administration have Identify the challenges but have really been a little bit unwilling to take on. We’re living in this very different times. How do you define state capitalism? No, force technology is part of it……. Hang on one second, Xin, I wanna say that I think your economic analysis is very interesting because you know you’ve had a capital-assistant but it’s state-run. So, talk us about that. How do you define?
我想，你说的是1974年贸易法案的301条款。有这样一条规则让美国运用关税来试图影响中国的行为，在中国盗窃我们的知识产权时本应该运用这样的规则。我认为在某些方面，这是由人类信任感而来。我听到了你关于第四次技术转移的言论。 我认为，有的美国公司可能会承认，忽略他们可能要在新的转折中放弃的东西是一个错误。
这是一个需要国家整体介入的问题，通过已经发生的事情，我们看到美国就在这样做。我的意思是，这是有大的背景的。一位医生诊断出了挑战，但又不是很愿意接受挑战。我们生活在这样一个不一样的时代里。你如何定义国家资本主义?
Xin： Well, we’d like to define the socialism with Chinese characteristics where the market forces are expected to play the dominating or the deciding role in the allocation of resources. Basically, we wanna be a market economy, but there are some Chinese characteristics. For instance, some state-owned enterprises which are playing an important but increasingly smaller role in the economy. Everybody thinks that china’s economy is state-owned.
写作金句分析
这句话包含了三个很重要的表达：
1.有中国特色的社会主义 :the socialism with Chinese characteristics
2. 市场发挥主导作用 ：market forces are expected to play the dominating or the deciding role
3. 资源配置：the allocation of resources or allocate resources
Maybe in the economy and everybody thinks that china’s economy is state-owned. Everything is state-controlled everything is state state state. But I let me tell you it is not the true picture if you look at the statistics for instance 80% of Chinese employees were employed by private enterprise. 80% of Chinese exports were done by private companies, were produced by private companies. About 65% of technological innovation were achieved were carried out by private enterprises.the largest, some of the largest companies that affect our life for instance some internet companies some 5G technology companies, they are private companies, so we are yes socialist economy with Chinese characteristics but it’s you know that not everything state controlled, state-run it’s not like that. We are actually quite mixed and dynamic and actually very very open as well.
事情不是这样的：
it is not the true picture
picture表示情况，比如look at the big picture 看大局
你不了解情况：you are missing the picture here
你了解…的真实情况么?do you have the real picture of….
好的，我们愿意将其定义为有中国特色的社会主义，在资源配置方面由市场力量起主导性或决定性的作用。基本上，我们想成为市场经济，但还要有一些中国特色。比如说，有的国有企业正扮演着重要的角色，但它们在市场上的作用会越来越小，但所有人都认为，中国的经济是国营主导的。所有的东西都是国家控制的，所有的事情都是国家、国家、国家。但是我要告诉你，真实情况不是这样的。你不妨看看数据，80%的中国上班族在私企上班，80%的出口都是来自私企，这些商品也是由私企生产的。将近65%的科技创新都是由私企来实现、来完成的。许多影响着我们生活的顶级公司，比如互联网公司、5G技术公司，它们都是私企。所以没错，我们是有中国特色的社会主义经济，但是你得知道，并不是一切都是由国家控制、国家经营的，情况不是那样的。我们其实非常多元，非常有活力，也非常非常开放。
Regan： Well I think you need to probably keep being open and that you know as a free trade person as myself. I think that’s the direction to pursue. And ultimately that leads to greater economic prosperity for you and better economic prosperity for us. And so let me get a win-win.
作为一个支持自由贸易的人，我认为你或许应该保持这种开放的心态，这是值得努力的方向。如此一来，不管是中国还是美国的经济都将蓬勃发展，所以让我们互惠双赢吧。
Xin：Absolutely.
没问题。
Regan： This was interesting. I appreciate you’ve been here. Thank you.
很有意思，感谢你来。谢谢。
Xin： Thank you so much. If you wanna have a discussion in the future we can do that. If you wanna come to China…
非常谢谢。如果你想来中国来讨论
Regan：I’d love it
我很愿意
Xin: You are welcome. And I’ll take you around
我会带你到处转转
Regan： Thank you.
谢谢
篇3：托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证
托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证
首先明确，在托福独立写作中怎样的论证称得上一个“好论证”呢?如果你的论证可以说服考官，那么这就是一个成功的论证。如果考官读完你的论证，觉得言之无理甚至还想反驳，那就是一个比较失败的论证，你的写作分数也就只能拿到20分左右。
如果你的论证整体符合逻辑，仅仅有一些小的论证瑕疵，那么写作分数会拿到25分左右，也就是大部分同学的目标写作分数段。这5期音频课，我会为大家讲解如何做好独立写作中的“论证”。
首先介绍独立写作中常用的论证方法：因果论证;对比论证;举例论证;数据论证;多事例论证。今天先介绍第一种论证方法：因果论证。
因果论证的逻辑关系非常直白：因为……所以……。但是很多同学都难以构建合理的因果逻辑链条。比如这道题：
Agree or disagree: Teachers should assign homework for students every day.
如果你的topic sentence是“每天布置作业可以提高学生的学习成绩”，后面的论证就是要解释这句话成立的原因。很多考生的的逻辑论证是：每天做作业有利于复习，因此考试可以取得高分。
这是一个中规中矩的论证，只能被评价为“说得通”，但是不会让考官赞同为“很有道理”。那么怎样的因果逻辑才会得到考官的青睐呢?
首先来讲一个最简单的逻辑论证套路：三段论。这是逻辑学上最简单的一个逻辑判定过程，分为大前提、小前提以及结论三部分。举个例子：
大前提：胖子都爱吃肉;
小前提：小明是个胖子;
结论：小明爱吃肉。
这就是一个三段式逻辑论证链条。这种逻辑方式成立的前提是：大前提和小前提都要在普遍认知里是基本正确的。那我们来验证一下以上的这个论证逻辑。
大前提“胖子都爱吃肉”的论断不够有说服力;小前提“小明是个胖子”是一个合理的判断;最后得出的结论“小明爱吃肉”的说服力也就不足。
以上的这个逻辑判断，在逻辑上虽然没有问题，但是在推理上是有问题的，因为大前提难以成立。这种逻辑判断在独立写作中就不是一个成功的论证。
下面回归我们最开始提出的题目：
Agree or disagree: Teachers should assign homework for students every day.
如果将论证逻辑比喻成一次旅途，那么完整的逻辑链条就是到达目的地的过程。如果在论证中没有到达目的地而是中途下车，那么这个逻辑链条就不够完善。上面的题目要如何利用三段式论证方法进行论证呢?
大前提：学生每天要学习很多科目的新知识，因此一定会有所遗忘;
小前提：每天的作业可以帮助学生复习，避免这种遗忘;
结论：做作业让学生可以更好的掌握学过的知识点，因此可以提高考试成绩。
再试一道题目:
Some people think that some lessons for young students (aged 5-8) including video games are effective ways and interesting, while other people think this way is distracting and waste time. What’s your opinion?
如果你的观点是同意“视频游戏课”很有效，首先就要对“effective”这个词进行拆解，视频游戏课对哪方面的课程学习有效。比如你认为视频游戏课对于培养孩子的学习兴趣很有效，那么这就是你要构建的因果逻辑链条的首末端。下面我们用三段论方式串起来。
大前提：孩子们对于声音、图片以及移动的形象比较感兴趣;
小前提：游戏的设计通常包含了有趣的声音、图片以及移动形象等吸引孩子们的要素;
结论：游戏对于提高孩子们的兴趣很有效。
总结一下，三段论的方式就是，先将大前提和你的论证目的建立联系，随后再将小前提和你的论证目的建立联系，这样得出的结论就比较有说服力。
托福考试作文范文:有钱就算成功吗
托福考试作文题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福考试作文参考分析：
不同意此观点。金钱不是衡量成功的唯一的标准，成功的定义更应该基于社会贡献。从多角度论证金钱不是万能的。
托福考试作文范文参考：
Since people's criteria for success differ, there is much debate over whether only those who make a lot of money are successful. As far as I am concerned, in today's society that stresses on individual achievement, money provides the best evaluation of one's accomplishment.
To begin with, as a standardized measurement used for comparing values, money is objective rather than subjective, so it is considered an authentic reflection of one's achievement. As different people hold different understandings of success, assessing the amount of one's earnings has become universally accepted as a rule to measure one's success. Each year, Fortune Magazine publishes a special issue to rank the top 100 most successful people throughout the world according to their yearly income, because there are no other methods to rely on.
In addition, the amount of money one makes is the consequence of one's hard work and talent. To deny the accomplishment wealth brings is equal to deny the sources from which it springs. In the past, I only believed in spiritual values and then leapt rashly to the conclusion that the best thing in life involves no money at all. It is my uncle who showed me the significance of money and changed my opinion. He told me he respected money and made it a goal to strive for in his way towards success. Because he would have to pay a price for it in terms of time, thought and energy. Gradually, I came to realize it is the mental and physical labor he devotes in the process of making money that paves his way for self-accomplishment, and thus deserves appreciation and respect.
Finally, money is the most powerful possession in one's lifetime. As everyone knows, success is the ability to do whatever one wants to and to be satisfied with oneself. There is hardly anything that can be done without a certain amount of money. Indeed, with money, one can meet his or her material demand in life, such as taking effective medicines, living in magnificent houses, eating various delicious food, and so on. Also, with money, one can do a lot of meaningful things to benefit others, such as donations to poor people. All these will not only satisfy one's need for personal fulfillment, but also add grandness to one's success.
In conclusion, money serves as a measurement of one's achievement. But we should keep in mind that only those who obtain money by hardworking and use it to benefit the society are really successful.
托福考试作文范文:孩子是否应该参加家务
托福考试作文题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福考试作文参考分析：
(1)同意孩子参加家务的人群认为能够让儿童理解父母;让儿童发展一些家务技能，还能够让儿童体会到成功和失败的乐趣。本文是此观点。
(2)不同意让孩子做家务的人群认为让孩子过早参与家务劳动，而不顾孩子的承受能力，可能会导致孩子的逆反心理，反倒达不到教育目的。
托福考试作文范文参考：
Should children be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so? People have different opinions. Some people think that parents can do all the household tasks without children's help, children are still too young to do house work and sometimes they even make things worse. Other people, however, argue that it is very useful for children to take part in the household work. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the second opinion.
In the first place, children may have the sense of contribution when they take part in household tasks. After a child was born, the parents are always the part that gives, such as feeding, changing clothes, and bathing the baby. Others help children because they are too young to do these tasks. When they grow up, they will gradually have the ability to do something, such as washing clothes for themselves, cleaning the room for themselves. If they are required to do what they can do, after finishing their jobs and looking at the result of their jobs, such the clean clothes and the clean room, children will have a strong sense of contribution and success, which will help them form a good personal character.
In the second place, participating the household tasks will teach children how to cooperate with other people. For instance, when doing a house cleaning, one person cannot finish it all by oneself. Different tasks should be divided among several people. For example, dad cleans the windows, mom cleans the kitchen, boys clean the floor and girls decorate the wall. Gradually, children will get to know that they need to cooperate with others to make things done better and faster.
托福考试作文范文:穿校服的弊端
托福考试作文题目：Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
托福考试作文参考分析：
(1)阐述了穿校服的弊端
(2)本文观点为同意穿校服，理由是可以保证学生的平等，对塑造学生品质有好处;可以保证学生可以更加关注于学习;还能够维护学校的形象。
托福考试作文范文参考：
I hate uniforms! It makes all the students look the same. When I am trying to find my friend from a group of student, I always make mistake because I cannot tell the difference among the girls who are all wearing the same clothes. Moreover, I am always nervous about my uniforms since I may not have another one to change into. The other one is still waiting to be washed or is still wet. After P. E., you cannot identify which coat is mine, so I just take one that looks like it. I am sure the coat I am wearing now is not the one I had first. That is my life with uniforms.
Because everyone is against it, my school revoked this rule. Then, we could wear everything we want to. But new problems came up. Everyone began to buy new, brand name, expensive clothes and the campus because a big stage in no time. At last, the uniforms came back to our lives.
Undoubtedly, everyone has the freedom to choose what to wear and, of course, everyone wants to make himself/ herself good-looking. But when we are just students, study is our first important thing to do. Paying too much attention to attire can influence our study. Furthermore, we may spend too much money that is not earned by ourselves but come from our parents' hard working.
The reasons above cause more and more schools make a rule to forbid trendy dresses or make students wear uniforms. It is not a good way but an effective way to solve these problems.
If we want to get rid of uniforms forever, we must solve these problems by ourselves instead of the schools rule. We should earn school's trust by our behavior, then we can thoroughly say goodbye to uniforms!
篇4：托福独立写作写作思路讲解
把握好文章写作思路
怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢下面为大家介绍一些实战做法。
1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。
3.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。
形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
4.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。
论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
新托福独立作文的写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。
篇5：托福独立写作写作思路讲解
把握好托福独立写作重要的因素
托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。
由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。
这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。
论据的准备也可以称为素材，可以多去亦鸥看看小伙伴们的写作，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。
仿写也是提高作文的一大法宝，可以找到亦鸥考友们的高分作文来进行仿写。仿写的目的是提升语言，不求语言华丽，但求语言要地道。
篇6：托福独立写作写作思路讲解
怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法：
1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。
3.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。
论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
4.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。
形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
篇7：托福独立写作写作思路讲解
1， 要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。
2， 要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
3， 选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。
托福写作破题结束后，第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好，准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱，应该以什么标准判断呢-笔者认为，能说服读者的议论，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉，但要符合一条明线：支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择，不仅遵循上面的原则，三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成，回味无穷。
立意的地一步，按照上面的原则看，当然是先确定观点。以题目为例，笔者愿意选择否，食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。
确定观点后，破题时得到的思维方向，明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条，虽然速食文化的确对人体有害，但另一项速食：生疏和熟粗粮，就是向有益方向改变的，两者势均力敌，仅管是很容易想到，也很容易举例论证的论点，却不宜使用，因为如此贸然用了，有思维不缜密之嫌。然而，这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头，如果其他论点都不好论证，还可以回头捡起这一条来，隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文，当然，这依然是下下之选。
篇8：托福独立写作写作思路讲解
一、段落主题思想要与全文观点相匹配
例题：Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
题目大意：如今食物变得越来越容易准备。这种变化是不是改善了人们的生活?
该问题中提供给考生探讨的要点是食物准备方式的改变是否提高生活质量。对此问题，一些考生马上就联想到：食物容易准备节约了时间，并就此给出段落中心词。但结合文章论点稍微深入思考一步就会发现，时间缩短这一项改变虽然是事实，但对于生活质量的影响并不直接，如果作为主要论点给出的话会使读者觉得该支持理由与主题观点并没有直接关联。所以对于这种容易想出但与文章中心关系并不密切的拓展思路就需要能及时舍弃。
二、段落主题句要能言之有物
这是再功利不过的一条标准，就上面这道题目而言，有的考生注意到了食物准备时间缩短与生活质量改善之间的思路跳跃，因此在两者中间补充说明，食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，从而影响人们的生活质量，构思时觉得该立意比较新颖，又能切合主题，继续写下去不无可能。但真正落笔时却不知道该如何说明人们性情转变这一抽象情况，并且自己平常生活中对此也并无较深入的感受和经验，结果说了一句话拓展就不得不匆匆收尾，导致读者要不就读得“意犹未尽”，要不就干脆觉得“云里雾里”。与其这样，还不如选个常见思路，如：快速的生活节奏造成压力，来展开拓展，这样即能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
三、全文选择的2个或是3个段落支持理由之间不能出现重复论述
这其实是整个构思阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。在整理行文思路时，考生所进行的其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让它们有着各自的特征，又能协调地为同一目的服务。
能够说服读者的议论文，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点虽说要符合一条明线：支持全文观点，但不能在各自的论述层面上有交叉。比如在上题所给的理由中已经列出：快速的生活节奏造成压力，有的考生继续拓展第二支持理由：人们正在沉沦于速食中，丧失享受生活的品位，这两点看上去都与主题相关，并且有各自的中心点，但是稍微拓展就会发现，其实两者都是围绕人们的心理健康这一基本点所进行的思维扩展，与其分开两段来写，还不如先给出影响心理健康这一中心，再分原因和不同情况进行扩展论述。这样即体现了同一段落内部论述的全面性，又避免出现两段中内容及语言的重复表达。
对于新托福独立写作中的主题思路的确立及论证理由的分析是一个严谨的逻辑思维的过程，需要考生在平常的练习中进行充分的准备，才能在考场上短时间内做到从题目中心出发，思路清晰，论证严谨。
【托福独立写作论证方法思路实例分析】相关文章：
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