英语作文中常见的典型语法错误
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篇1：英语作文常见典型语法错误
英语作文常见典型语法错误
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
We are always working /we always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years.(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
篇2：英语作文中常见的典型语法错误
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的'语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
篇3：英语作文中常见的典型语法错误分析
英语作文中常见的典型语法错误分析
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程当中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的'作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程当中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。
1。句子成分残缺不全
we always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)
we are always working /we always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
we should read books may be useful to us。 (误)
we should read books which may be useful to us。 (正)
2。句子成分多余
this test is end， but there is another test is waiting for you。 (误)
one test ends， but another is waiting for you。 (正)
the driver of the red car was died on the spot。 (误)
the driver of the red car died on the spot。 (正)
3。主谓不一致
someone/somebody think that reading should be selective。 (误)
some think that reading should be selective。 (正)
my sister go to the cinema at least once a week。 (误)
my sister goes to the cinema at least once a week。 (正)
4。动词时态、语态的误用
i was walking along the road， and there are not so many cars on the street。 (误)
i was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street。 (正)
we have little time to read some books which we interest。 (误)
we have little time to read some books in which we are interested。 (正)
i am a student who has studying in the college for two years。 (误)
i have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5。词类混淆
it is my point that reading must be selectively。 (误)
in my opinion， reading must be selective。 (正)
honest is so important for everyperson。 (误)
honesty is so important for everyone。 (正)
the old man was hit by a car when he across the street。 (误)
the old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street。 (正)
篇4：常见的英语语法错误
常见的英语语法错误
1. 检查修饰语是否放在正确的位置上。
例1：
a) Without television, people can't get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.
b) Without television, people can't immediately get information which comes from other parts of the world.
分析：a) 句子中，immediately 显然放错了位置。是“得到迅速从各地传来的消息”，还是“迅速得到从各地传来的消息”?意思含糊不清。
例2：
a) At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.
b) When I was five years old, my father began to give me English lessons.
分析：a) 句子，At the age of six 放在这个位置上，变成了“我父亲六岁的时候”。改变说法，可以解决这个问题。
例 3:
a) To improve one's writing skill, regular practice is necessary.
b) To improve one's writing skill, one must make regular practice.
分析：不定式短语的逻辑主语决不是regular practice，为了把逻辑关系表达清楚，要么把不定式短语改成If one wants to improve his writing skill，要么把主句改成one must make regular practice.
2.表示相同的意思，检查是否使用了平行语法结构。
例 4：
a) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home.
b) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and reading at home.
分析：can do shopping, banking and read at home, 用语法平行结构来衡量，用动词原形 read是不妥的，为了和 do shopping, do banking 保持结构上平行，接下来的一个内容要用do reading.
例 5：
a) Nowadays, people not only eat enough food, but also eat better.
b) Nowadays, people not only eat more, but also eat better.
用 not only...but also, both...and, whether...or, either...or, as well as, along with等能连接两个成分的连词，前后两个成分在结构上要保持一致。用 eat enough food, eat better不如用 eat more, eat better，都用副词。
英语学习中的建议
1.学习英语的首要理念：要努力去了解“是什么”，而尽量少去了解“为什么”。
因为英语是语言，是人们在长期生活中逐渐形成的一种交流的媒介。很多语汇和句型的用法没有道理可讲，没有“为什么”可言，人们就是这样用的，就是这样说的，记住就好。当然了，仔细分析起来或许可以找到语法上的解释，但实在不是学习英语的宗旨。婴儿时期，我们学说话的时候，从来没有问过“为什么会这么说”吧，但是为什么后来会说的这么好?因为我们听的多，说的多，自然就记在脑子里了，即使不去分析这样说的原因和道理，一样可以说的很好。
2.学习英语的最好方法：背诵课文。
因为英语是我们的后天语言，所以必须将人家现成的东西反复在脑海里形成神经反射，不用关心为什么这样说，套用中医里的理论“扶正才能驱邪”。为什么在考试做选择题的时候往往我们会在几个答案中犹豫不决?因为我们根本不知道到底什么才是正确的(听起来可能是句废话)，说明我们对于英语的“正”还很不够，“邪”占优势。如果我们经过了长期的经典课文背诵，长期接受了“正”的刺激，这个时候一旦遇到“邪”，自然会一眼看透，不会再在几个迷惑选项中犯糊涂。
3.学习英语需要多种形式的神经刺激。
语言学习是没有捷径可寻的，现在社会上很多人将学英语说的很简单，可以速成，在短期内闪电掌握。其实这些都是极为不负责任的说法。真正学好英语，不经历背诵大量文章，写大量东西，听大量文章，是根本不可能达到目的的，因为学习语言需要对我们的各种感观进行刺激。比如一个新单词，我们在书上看到，默写，背诵，还不能说真正认识了。在听力中听到了这个单词，能反应过来是它吗?在想表达这种意思的时候，能反应过来应该用它吗?……我们当初学说话的时候，都是无形中进行了听，说，读，写等不经意的“练习”才全面掌握了这门语言。所以建议去报一些培训班，像abc360，这样的外教一对一在线学习英语的平台，就十分适合在学习英语过程中遇到问题难以学习下去难以坚持等一系列问题的学员们，他们聘请的都是纯正口音的菲律宾和欧美外教，而且官网有免费试听的课程，只要注册就能领取的，能极大程度地帮助学员去学习英语。
4.学习英语要善于利用零碎时间。
英语学习不是靠突击可以学好的，一下子花上好几个小时拼命学英语，是无济于事的。它的特点在于“细水长流”。每天花上十几分钟的零碎时间听，背一段课文，记几个单词，长期坚持，逐渐会得到提高的。
5.要着意“卖弄”。
新学会的词汇和用法，应该在可能的场合多多练习使用，比如email或者会话场合。不要老是用自己喜欢或者熟悉的单词或者句型，这样的话，新学的东西永远得不到强化，慢慢的又会变的陌生，人将会永远停留原有的水平。不断地将新东西变为旧东西，又不断接触新东西，再将其变为旧东西，如此往复，才能不断提高。
本次整理就到这里啦，祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
篇5：高考英语作文常见语法错误
高考英语作文常见语法错误
1、主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响，但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致，谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维，因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数。例如：
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析：
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数，在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
2、时态
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多，动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示，对高中生来说，掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上，学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则，但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析：
第一句是一个常识问题，应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时态。
3、语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是，学生由于汉语思维的影响，很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义，但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式，其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息，中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语，不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如：
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确的句子：
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显，这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误，其中之一是，常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组)，如 take place, occur, happen, belong to，appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
4、固定搭配
错误有介词短语的搭配，固定词组的搭配，更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候，不记搭配和真正用法，错误如下：
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子：
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析，中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响，直接翻译，没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
5、非谓语动词
错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚，对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白，对句子结构分析不正确，常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个，如果有另外一个动词出现，这个动词有三种情况：一是并列谓语，但是这时候必须有连词，如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现，现在分词和过去分词，还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义，而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的意义。例如：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析：
a句中己有谓语动词there are，用来修饰things，此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语，后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语，跟所修饰的'名词之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行，因此用“sleeping”，相当于 “the child who is sleeping“。
6、冠词错误
学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词，或者说不重视冠词这个问题，常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。
冠词考查分两个方面，一是冠词的残缺或多余，考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别，如：in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。
英汉名词确有许多共同点，但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分，汉语里没有，且一般情况下，名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此，英语写作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather， information等少数常用不可数名词时，学生往往会犯错误。
不过，在使用英语不可数名词时，又会出现两种情况，一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰，如上述提及的几个名词：另一种情况是，少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后，可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间)，rain(雨)。所以我们可以说：We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如：
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正确的句子：
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
7、代词的错误
代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词，要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用，关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用，关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用，关系代词which与关系副词when, where，以及what与how的误用等。例如：
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正确的句子：
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
汉语里，人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变，而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变，而且每格都具有其自身的用途，分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是，人称代词充当介词宾语时，也要采用其宾格形式。
8、连词的错误
连词主要有两类，即并列连词和从属连词，考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用)，从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。例如：
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正确的句子：
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.1f you go this way，you will soon see the hospital.
9、名词的错误
名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词，这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响，英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外，可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如：
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正确的句子：
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
10、情态动词和助动词的错误
这类错误有以下几种情况：
① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;
② 情态动词后的动词加“s”
③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”
④will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;
⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;
⑥助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s”;
⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。例如：
a. I could did my homework.
b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
正确的句子：
a. I could do my homework.
b. He may go to school by bike every day.
篇6：英语写作中常见语法错误的改正方法
英语写作中常见语法错误的改正方法
主谓不一致，人称与动词不符。例如：
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
上面例句中，主语是My sister ，为第三人称，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式goes才正确，这种主谓不一致的错误在写作中是很常见的问题，稍一疏忽就会犯，考生需要更加细心才行。
句子成分残缺不全，语句不通。例如：
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
这是一个定语从句的例句，其中which在从句中做的是主语，所以不能省略，一旦省略就会造成句子成分残缺，考试中大家在写完一句话时要记得读一遍看看通不通顺。
句子成分多余，累赘复杂。例如：
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
这一句的错误有点中式英语的'味道，逐字逐句对应翻译，there is 放在这里，累赘而又繁琐。
动词时态、语态的误用，前后不一致。例如：
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
这个例句中前面是was walking ，所以后面也要用相应的过去进行时were，同一个句子里，没有特殊情况，前后时态时要保持一致的。
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
这一句也可以说是定语从句语法错误，be interested in是我们都知道的固定搭配，所以它后面跟宾语一定要有介词in，所以从句引导词要用 in which 。
词类混淆，词性不明。例如：
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
这句中，be 后面是形容 reading 的意思，所以要用到一个形容词，而selectively明显是一个副词。
名词可数与不可数的错误。例如：
In modern society, people are under various pressures(误)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
pressure是一种无形的但是有很多种类的事物，所以不能直接在后面加复数s，但是要形容他多，各种各样后面加一个种类kinds of 就正确表达出了复数形式。
及物动词与不及物动词的误用。例如：
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (误)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
发生是一个主动的过程，没有什么事是被发生的，所以不能用was taken place 。
情态动词的误用。例如：
They should spent much time. (误)
They should spend much time. (正)
情态动词后面常常跟动词原形，所以spend要用原型。
动宾搭配不当。例如：
We must ppay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (误)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
There be句型的误用。例如：
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (误)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There be句型中动词一般用原型，exist/arise 不需要变成第三人称单数形式。
以上只是英语写作中大家容易犯的一些语法错误，实际上在平时，我们看来，这些错误都很简单，但是考试的时候由于粗心大意，越是简单的东西越不仔细留心就越容易出错，老师为大家总结的错误都是具有代表性的，希望大家好好了解上面这些错误，争取自己在考试中不要重蹈覆辙，预祝大家考试顺利!
篇7：雅思写作中常见的语法错误
Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?
Model Answer:
Some people think that old, historic buildings are no need for the city and they should be destroyed and replaced with modern ones. However, other people believe that historic buildings must be preserved in order to know and remember our past. For several reasons that I will mention bellow I agree with those people who want to preserve old, historical buildings.
First of all, by preserving historical buildings we pass our history to our future generations. I think that out children should know their history, learn from it and respect it. People need to know their traditions and customs, which are priceless and irreplaceable. Our history is our knowledge and power. From my opinion we need to preserve and restore historical buildings. By destroying them we show our disrespect to our forefathers and their traditions.
Second of all, by preserving historical buildings a city can attract many travelers. Welcoming tourists a city can get many benefits including money, which can be spent on preserving historical buildings as well as on improving roads and facilities.
Also, many tourists mean a lot of new business opportunities. Another important aspect of this is that businessmen will be willing to build new recreational centers, hotels, movie theaters, shopping centers to make a city more attractive for travelers. In addition to those practical benefits, many people will have the opportunity to get a job. All this is good for the economy of the city.
To sum up, I believe that preserving old, historical buildings can bring only benefits to a city and all humankind.
篇8：详解托福口语中的典型语法错误
在托福口语中，读音准确、语句的流畅往往是被很多考生所关心的焦点。而口语表达中的一些语法问题，往往在托福口语考试中，语法却常常就被人所忽视了。但是，需要提醒大家的就是，在托福口语的表达中一旦语法错误出现次数过多，也会造成对于最终得分的影响。那么，我们又该如何避免托福口语中的语法错误呢?下面就为大家带来如何避免托福口语中的语法错误。希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。
详解托福口语中的典型语法错误
我们一起来看下面的例子：
My teacher gave interesting assignments andmotivating the students.
很显然，这属于混用语法结构的一个典型错误。这会使句子产生歧义：难道是说My teacher gave interesting andmotivating assignments to the students? 因为本句中interesting和motivating 是平行结构. 或者是My teachergave interesting assignments and motivated thestudents? 因为亦可以理解成gave和 motivated是平行结构.所以错误使用语法会带来许多意想不到的麻烦。
当我们重复使用一个短语或单词的时候，不仅会给人以词汇量过小的感觉，有时甚至也会造成误解。我们来看一个例子：
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on thechalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.事实上这句话的观点会更加清晰，如果我们将重复的词替换为其他表达的话。我们再来看看改进后的表达：
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had allcompleted the task.
其中 assignment 被替换为 task; teacher 变为了she; chalkboard 被改为了board. 不但句子显得更加生动活泼不刻板，信息量也比原来要多了。
避免托福口语语法的典型错误，能够做到举一反三，灵活应用，相信托福口语考试中的其他问题就能迎刃而解了。
托福口语15秒时间需要准备啥?
对于托福口语环节来说，在考试之前会有15秒的准备时间。但是不熟悉托福口语流程的考生来说，15秒的时间瞬间就会过去。那么，在这个短短的准备时间内，我们又给做好哪些准备工作呢?一起来看。
整合你的理由信息
7月14日大陆考题：“Among the following three professions, which do you respect the most: photographers, musicians and painters? Explain why.”其实大部分考生都能够很快选出自己最尊敬的专业人士，而在陈述理由时就遇到了麻烦， 比如很多考生会说这些人非常“talented”，或者干脆说“I want to be a photographer, too”。 这样说的结果往往是：没办法往下讲了。根据《官方指南》中三套练习的高分答案展示可以看出，好的答案往往是包含了两个到三个理由的。因此要想做到事半功倍，即7-8秒时间就能想到两个合理的理由，备考时就一定要将素材分类整理好，在脑海里有秩序地建好框架。
整合信息的方法
(1)分类法
分类整理的第一步，是先按照托福口语第一题的常考话题进行一个初始的分类，即人物类、地点类、事物类、经历类以及近些年常考的判断类和建议类。这当然只是最基础的一步，接下来的进一步具体分类就有着极强的应用性了。以人物素材为例，我们可以根据常考的人物对象，如老师、家人、朋友、专业人士、娱乐明星、小说人物等体现出的不同特质来进行分类整理。
(2)分层法
分层法是指先将理由信息缩小到一个更具体的范围，然后再迅速给出细节的方法，这些常用的具体范围可包括“学习”、“生活”、“思想”三方面。
(3)列举法
列举法则是直接列举出具体的体现，列举的事实可以成为分层后的实例，也可以单独使用。比如要证明“My father is very talented”, 则可以直接摆出以下事实：“He read a lot of classical literature works in his youth and he can play three kinds of music instruments”。 如要证明“My father is forward-looking”,也可以直接陈述以下事例：“My father thought it was a smart move to send me to study abroad, so he taught me English when I was little”。
以上方法希望大家能够熟练掌握，在黄金15秒之内完成基本的准备工作，为托福口语考试打下良好基础。
篇9：英语四级写作常见语法错误总结
英语四级写作常见语法错误总结
四级作文虽说难度不是特别大，但是对于基础薄弱的考生来说，还是足够让人烦恼的，考生在写作中都会出现一些问题，这些问题可谓千奇百态，但是最主要的问题还是语法错误，并且语法错误可以分出很多种类，接下来老师为考生写作中常见的语法错误做了一个总结，希望考生在以后的写作中可以避免出现这些错误。
主谓不一致，人称与动词不符。例如：
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
上面例句中，主语是My sister ，为第三人称，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式goes才正确，这种主谓不一致的错误在写作中是很常见的问题，稍一疏忽就会犯，考生需要更加细心才行。
句子成分残缺不全，语句不通。例如：
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
这是一个定语从句的例句，其中which在从句中做的是主语，所以不能省略，一旦省略就会造成句子成分残缺，考试中大家在写完一句话时要记得读一遍看看通不通顺。
句子成分多余，累赘复杂。例如：
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
这一句的错误有点中式英语的'味道，逐字逐句对应翻译，there is 放在这里，累赘而又繁琐。
动词时态、语态的误用，前后不一致。例如：
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
这个例句中前面是was walking ，所以后面也要用相应的过去进行时were，同一个句子里，没有特殊情况，前后时态时要保持一致的。
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
这一句也可以说是定语从句语法错误，be interested in是我们都知道的固定搭配，所以它后面跟宾语一定要有介词in，所以从句引导词要用 in which 。
篇10：英语写作常见五类语法错误分析
英语写作常见五类语法错误分析
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
篇11：6月英语四级写作常见语法错误
在英语四六级考试中，作文可谓是重头戏，同时作文又是让广大考生爱恨交织的一个环节，作文除了需要我们有一定的词汇积累，也需要我们不间断的练习和总结，练习多了才能熟能生巧，才能下笔成章，但是很多时候我们却容易忽视的一个很重要的问题就是基础语法的错误，想要表达的内容我们都能表达出来，但是简单的语法错误却能让我们的作文光彩暗淡许多，语法知识错综复杂，作文中出现的错误也是千奇百怪，为了让大家复习起来更便捷有效，特意整理了一些常见的写作语法错误，希望广大考生认真复习。
可数名词与不可数名词相应搭配有误。例如：pressure是一种无形的但是有很多种类的事物，所以直接表达压力时不能在后面加复数s，但是要形容它有很多种类时，它就是一个可数出来的事物，所以kind of要加s。
In modern society, people are under various pressures(误)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
情态动词的语法使用错误。例如：情态动词后面常常跟动词原形，所以其后的动词要用原型。
They should spent much time. (误)
They should spend much time. (正)
及物动词与不及物动词的搭配误用。例如：发生take place是一个主动的过程，我们不能说什么事是被发生的，所以不能用was taken place 。
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (误)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
动宾关系搭配不当。例如：
We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (误)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
主谓不一致，人称与动词或数不对应。例如：当主语为第三人称时谓语动词应该用相应的第三人称单数形式才正确
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
这种主谓不一致的错误在写作中是很常见的问题，考生需要更加细心才行。
There be句型的基本语法错误。例如：There be句型中动词一般用原型，其后的动词不需要变成第三人称单数形式。
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (误)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
句子成分残缺不全，语句不通。例如：在复杂从句中常常出现这种错误，省略关系代词或关系副词造成句子成分残缺。
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
这是一个定语从句的例句，其中which在从句中做的是主语，所以不能省略，一旦省略就会造成句子成分残缺。
句子成分累赘多余。例如：写作中一不小心中式英文就蹦出来了，这种错误最明显的一点就是让句子成分显得累赘多余。
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
逐字逐句对应翻译，there is 放在这里就很多余了。
动词时态、语态的搭配前后不一致。例如：同一个句子里，没有特殊情况，前后时态时要保持一致的
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
这个例句中前面是was walking ，所以后面也要用相应的过去进行时were。
词类混淆。例如：形容词与副词词类使用混淆情况十分常见。
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
这句中，be 后面是形容 reading 的意思，所以要用到一个形容词，而selectively明显是一个副词。
固定搭配错误。例如：
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
这一句也可以说是定语从句语法错误，be interested in是我们都知道的固定搭配，所以它后面跟宾语一定要有介词in，所以从句引导词要用 in which 。
综上内容看起来都是些简单的问题，但是考试出错率确实是很高哦，究其原因不外乎大家平时都不太会注意到这些细枝末节的知识点，考试稍微粗心大意一点，出错就很正常了。希望大家通过这篇文章的学习能够避免考试中出现同样的错误，不要让一些小瑕疵影响到自己整篇文章的水平，预祝各位考生顺利通过四六级考试!
篇12：大学英语四级写作常见语法错误分类
1.句子成分残缺不全
wealwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.(误)
wearealwaysworking/wealwaysworktilllateatnightbeforetakingexams(正)
weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.(误)
weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.(正)
2.句子成分多余
thistestisend，butthereisanothertestiswaitingforyou.(误)
onetestends，butanotheriswaitingforyou.(正)
thedriveroftheredcarwasdiedonthespot.(误)
thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot.(正)
3.主谓不一致
someone/somebodythinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(误)
somethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(正)
mysistergotothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(误)
mysistergoestothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.(误)
iwaswalkingalongtheroadandtherewerenotsomanyvehiclesonthestreet.(正)
wehavelittletimetoreadsomebookswhichweinterest.(误)
wehavelittletimetoreadsomebooksinwhichweareinterested.(正)
iamastudentwhohasstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears.(误)
ihavebeenstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears(正)
5.词类混淆
itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.(误)
inmyopinion，readingmustbeselective.(正)
honestissoimportantforeveryperson.(误)
honestyissoimportantforeveryone.(正)
theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenheacrossthestreet.(误)
theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenhewascrossingthestreet.(正)
篇13：初二英语常见的语言语法错误教案
初二英语常见的语言语法错误教案
初二英语常见的语言语法错误教案 具体内容： > 符号的左边表示错误句子或短语，而符号右边表示正确的 （1）“a” vs. “an”冠词 a 和an的错用 an unified team > a unified team a ugly shirt > an ugly shirt a same book > the same book They ran restaurant. > They ran a restaurant. Do you have book? > Do you have a book? the nature > nature the France > France （2）open / closed spelling 单词的合与分 We lived there for awhile. > We lived there for a while Everyone of these cups is empty. > Every one of these cups is empty. I wish that some body would help me. > I wish that somebody would help me. （3）“some”or“any”是some还是any He didn’t talk to somebody. > He didn’t talk to anybody. Would you like anything to drink? > Would you like something to drink.? （4）adverb placement 副词的位置错误 I walk hardly ever in the winter. > I hardly ever walk in the winter. He will get now the flu. > He will get the flu now. （5）adverbs or adjectives是形容词还是副词 He is extreme happy. > He is extremely happy. I felt true sorry for you. > I felt truly sorry for you. It cleans clothes good. > It cleans clothes well. I felt badly about his problem. > I felt bad about his problem. （6）agreement with“here”/“there”倒装句的谓语错误 Here comes the two men. > Here come the two men. She thought there were enough time. > She thought there was enough time. （7）comparative/ superlative比较级和最高级的错误 This is the most pretty doll of all. > This is the prettiest doll of all. My cat is more fat than my dog. > My cat is fatter than my dog. She is the fluentest in Russian. > She is the most fluent in Russian. （8）continuous or simple tense进行时态与一般时态的错误 You are believing her stories sometimes. > You believe her stories sometimes. Now I am understanding you. > Now I understand you. （9）double negatives双重否定的'错误 I can’t hardly understand. > I can’t understand. or I can hardly understand. There is no doubt but that she will win. > There is no doubt that she will win. （10）idiomatic expressions短语的错误 In the other side or On the other side > On the other hand be interested with > be interested in compare against > compare to （11）infinitive or“ing”form? ‘to do’ 还是‘doing’ The student appreciated to get help. > The student appreciated getting help. Before to go to bed, he read. > Before going to bed, he read. The citizens refused paying higher taxes. > The citizens refused to pay higher taxes. （12）mass vs. count errors单复数的错误 I have so much deer! > I have so many deer! There are less mistakes in this document. > There are fewer mistakes in this document. Do you have any question? > Do you have any questions? or Do you have a question? His face lit with excitements. > His face lit with excitement （13）少介词 I don’t agree him. > I don’t agree with him. They arrived school on time. >They arrived at school on time. （14）pronoun errors代词的错误 between you and I > between you and me She visited me and my brother. > She visited my brother and me. a friend of me > a friend of mine （15）reflexive pronoun errors反身代词的错误 They have not known themselves for long. > They have not known each other for long. The dust accumulated itself in the corner. > The dust accumulated in the corner. I complained myself about the weather. > I complained about the weather. （16）sentences with “ if ” 条件状语从句中的错误 If we will go tomorrow, we will call. > If we go tomorrow, we will call. If we have bread, we could enjoy the meal. > If we had bread, we could enjoy the meal. （17）subject-verb agreement errors 主谓一致 The page of revisions are ready. > The page of revisions is ready. A number of important items remains. > A number of important items remain. Many belongs in this box. > Many belong in this box. Either the boy or the girl are giving the talk. > Either the boy or the girl is giving the talk. （18）verb tense时态的错误 The weather probably changes next month. > The weather probably will change next month. He lived in Paris since 1984. > He has lived in Paris since 1984. He will call us when it will be ready. > He will call us when it is ready. （19）word order errors词序的错误 The both students wrote good papers. > Both the students wrote good papers. I lost my some money. > I lost some of my money. We found small various insects. > We found various small insects. The teacher was too much strict. > The teacher was much too strict. 【典型例题】 改错 1. Hold it in your right hand, how I told you. ___as____按照……去做 2. How did you like a film? ___the ____ 3. I think here’s the letter for you. _a___ 4. The tomatoes are my favorite vegetable.去掉the 5. I am agree with you. 去掉am 6. I’ll phone you if I shall arrive. 去掉shall 7. He is 35 years. 在years 后边加old 8. Come at four o’clock to my office. 把 at four o’clock 放在句尾 9. You look beautifully. beautiful 【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟） 一. Find the word with a different sound in each group. 1. A. museum B. minute C. menu D. music 2. A. play B. plate C. make D. plant 3. A. hope B. hobby C. sorry D. holiday 4. A. knife B. life C. nine D. live 二. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 5. Help__________ to the fish, boys and girls.（yourself, yourselves） 6. These coins are___________（Tom and Mike, Tom’s and Mike’s）. 7. Some of the ___________ are very young.（teachers, teaching） 三. Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 8. Perhaps the watch is his. A. Maybe B. May be C. Can be D. Must be 9. Pleased to meet you. A. Glad B. Sad C. Love D. Well 10. The weather there is quite cool. A. quiet B. very C. quick D. fast 四. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms. 11. How well can you speak__________.（Japan） 12. My sister teaches__________ English.（she） 13. ― What’s the weather like today? ― It’s__________.（cloud） 五. Choose the best answer. 14. It’s time _______ get up. A. for B. to C. of D. in 15. There are three hands on _______ face. A. it B. it’s C. these D. its 16. My father _______ football matches every week. A. looks B. sees C. reads D. watches 17. _______ bats are these? Perhaps _______ hers. A. Whose, it’s B. Whose, they’re C. Who, these are D. Who, are 18. They are reading _______ now. A. Lesson Twelve B. the Lesson Twelve C. Lesson Twelfth D. the Lesson Twelfth 19. ― Who likes English? ― I _______. A. am B. do C. like D. likes 20. What do you usually do _______ the weekend? A. in B. at C. on D. for 21. Do you have any lessons _______ every day? A. in B. on C. at D. / 22. _______ the night of October 1, we often watch fireworks. A. In B. At C. For D. On 23. Spring and autumn _______ nice in Shanghai, _______ ? A. are, is it B. are, are they C. is, isn’t it D. are, aren’t they 五. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms. 24. Let Tom__________（clean）the fridge. 25. Mary__________（go）over the lessons every day. 26. Listen! Who___________（sing）an English song? 六. Rewrite the sentences as required. 27. It is hot today.（改为感叹句） ________ __________ it is today! 28. They often listen to tapes in their English class.（划线提问） ____________do they often ____________ in their English class? 29. The shirt is thirty Yuan.（划线提问） __________ ____________ is the shirt? 30. We needn’t write it down in o篇14：浅谈初中学生英语写作中的常见语法错误与对策
浅谈初中学生英语写作中的常见语法错误与对策
文/邢 群
摘 要：通过分析初中生英语作文中常见的语法错误，探究如何减少避免写作中的语法失分，从而提高英语写作水平。
篇15：浅谈初中学生英语写作中的常见语法错误与对策
一、中考中对写作的要求
开始上海市中考英语试卷writing（写作）分值调整为20分，其中内容分为8分，语言分为8分，组织结构分为4分。中考中对写作的三方面能力一般要求为：
内容：切题、充实、不写废话；意思连贯，表达清楚、准确、完整。
语言：基本正确；用语规范，无或少见语法错误；拼写、大小写和标点正确。
结构：词汇和句型句式运用恰当自如；文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表达形式。
通过对中考英语写作三方面能力的要求分析，笔者发现，在内容上切题对于学生来说不是一个很难的问题，中考要求英语写话至少60字，学生英语写作受中文写作的影响较大，所以对于一篇60~100字的英语作文，在内容的切题和充实上应该不是问题。近年来中考作文题目也很贴近学生生活，发挥的空间也很广泛，学生是有话可写的。然而通过近年来英语写作的教学实践和学情分析，笔者发现在英语写作时，学生在语言点上的失分却十分严重，因为语法功底的薄弱，很难拿到语言分中的8分和结构分上的4分。初中学生还属于英语初学者，语言功底尚浅，所以笔者认为，英语的写作中最需要解决的问题还是词汇和语法的问题。对于大多数初中学生来说，写作的主要障碍在于单词和语法，这是英语写作中最基本的问题，只有解决了这个问题，学生在写作上才能有更高层次的发展。
在英语写作中，初学者常常会犯各种各样的语法错误，因而为了提高初中学生的英语写作水平，对于学生在写作是常见的错误进行分析就很有必要。
二、初中学生在英语写作中的常见语法错误
（一）主谓不一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。但是中国学生由于受到母语中文无人称、数、时态的变化这一影响，经常会犯主谓不一致的错误。如，在上海版牛津英语6A Unit2 I have a good friend一单元中，教师要求学生以“My good friend”为题写话，学生普遍的书面表达错误如下：
（错误）He always help other people.（主语单数he，谓语用复数help，所以为错误的句子）
（正确）He always helps other people.
（错误）She never tell lies.（主语单数she，谓语用复数tell，所以为错误的句子）
（正确）She never tells lies.
此类错误在学生习作中屡见不鲜，可以说主谓不一致是初中学生在语法中常犯的一个错误。
（二）词类误用
词类，是指词的'基本类型。英语语法将英语词分为十类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词、感叹词、冠词和数词（张道真，1995）。由于中英文词汇的词类和意义并无完全一一对应的关系，所以准确把握和应用所有英语词的词类是中国学生英语学习的一个难点。词类误用在初中生的英语写作中更是频频出现。
1.名词与形容词的误用
例如，在初三阶段的一次单元测验中，遇到“…bring（s）me happiness”一篇写作练习，学生突出的语法错误为：I am happiness.I live in a happiness family.（此两处的主要语法错误就是词类误用，happiness是一个名词，然而在be动词后应该使用形容词；而且family是一个名词，也应该用形容词来修饰，两处均误用名词修饰，犯了错误。正确的句子应该是：I am happy.I live in a happy family.）
又如，在习作“Talent in my eyes”一文中，学生通常会用“What can you learn from him/her？”这个问题来结束全文，但是对于这个问题的回答，却错误百出，如：I can learn helpful from her.I can learn brave from him.（此两处也属于词类误用，在动词learn后是不可以使用形容词的。）
2.代词的误用
代词几乎是学生每一篇习作中都会使用到的词类。但是代词的误用在同一词类词汇的误用中占的比例最大。初中学生的习作中经常会有如下错误：
I like he.（like是动词，动词后应该用人称代词的宾格形式，所以正确的句子应该是I like him.）
She’s name is Susan.（name是一个名词，需要用形容词性的物主代词来修饰，所以正确的句子应该是：Her name is Susan.）
She teaches our English.（动词teach后接双宾语，应该是teach sb sth，所以正确的句子应该是：She teaches us English.）
I usually play badminton with she.（with是一个介词，根据语法规则，介词后用人称代词的宾格，所以正确的句子为：I usually play badminton with her.）
（三）冠词使用错误
1.定冠词the多余或者遗漏
Many tourists usually visit Great Wall.（定冠词the遗漏，有普通名词构成的专有名词前要加the）
Tourists usually visit the Yu Garden.（定冠词the多余）
2.a与an之间使用错误
What a honest boy he is!（honest的首字母是辅音字母，但是h不发音，这个单词是以元音开头的，所以应该用an。）
It is a indoor activity.（此处indoor也发元音，也应该使用an，而不是a）
（四）名词单复数错误
1.修饰可数名词时，a/an与s同时使用，单复数混乱
I like reading a books.（a使用多余）
It is a happy things.（s使用多余）
2.不可数名词前加a/an，或不可数名词后加s
He always helps me with my homeworks.（homework不可数，不可数名词不可加s）
3.可数名词没有a/an或s修饰
Playing football is outdoor activity.（an遗漏）
I think reading book can make us clever.（可数名词book的出现既没有加a/an，也没有加s，此处应该在book后加s）
（五）介词使用错误
对于初中学生来说，他们的语法意识不强，对于英语写作中的小细节随意性很强，他们在介词上常见的错误有：介词与动词搭配错误：表达时间或地点时，介词in，on，at滥用等。在写作中，经常能见到学生写出下列错句，如，
She usually helps me at my homework.（此处动词help通常与with搭配，不与at搭配使用）
In that day，I received a lot of things from my friends and classmates.（在那一天我们通常表达成on that day，而不是in that day）
（六）动词使用错误
动词是英语词类中的大家族。动词在英语写作中的作用十分重要。初中学生在写作时动词的使用对他们来说是个难点。因此，所犯错误也较多，其中主要是主谓结构使用错误、非谓语的使用错误和时态错误。
1.主谓结构使用错误，造成句子成分多余或残缺
We were bought a big cake.（一个简单句一般只有一个主谓结构，此处句子中谓语动词有两个，其中were多余，应该删除。）
Don’t unhappy.（一个简单句中必须有一个谓语动词，此句缺少谓语动词，应该在unhappy前加一个be动词。）
I can entering a key high school.（此处句子的谓语动词使用错误，情态动词can后应该加动词原形，所以此句应该改为：I can enter a key high school.）
I should be help others.（此处谓语动词多余，应该去掉be动词。）
2.非谓语动词使用错误
I like play basketball.（like后的动词一般使用动名词形式，但受母语的表达习惯的影响，学生会忽视其中的语法规则，很多情况下like后面的动词都不加-ing。此处应该改为：I like playing basketball.）
One of my classmates saw an old man was sat on the ground.（表示看见某人正在做某事时，应该用see sb doing sth，所以此处应该改为：One of my classmates saw an old man sitting on the ground.）
Do exercise is important to us.（动词作主语，一般要把动词变成动名词的形式，所以此处应该是：Doing exercise is important to us.）
3.时态错误
I am playing football three times a week.（three times a week这个时间状语通常与一般现在时连用，所以正确的句子应该是：I play football three times a week.）
Last year，I have been to Shanghai with my parents.（现在完成时不能与last year连用，所以此句可以改为：I have been to Shanghai.Last year，I went there with my parents.）
三、应对初中生写作中错误的对策
（一）给学生提供修改作文的标准和提示，让学生养成良好的自我纠错习惯
学生作文中通常有较多的错误，但并非所有的错误都是真正的错误（error），而是失误（mistake）。失误是由于笔误或粗心造成的，可以避免。因此，教师有必要要求学生在上交作文前，充分利用所学的语言知识检查和修改自己的作文，少出和不出错误。所以笔者认为，写作后，上交作文前自我检查纠错的习惯，可以有效避免学生写作中的常见错误，但是如何检查自己的作文，学生通常没有一定的标准和提示。
（二）注重积累学生习作中语法错误的通病，有主题地进行不同类型的改错练习
学生的自我纠错能力不是一朝一夕能够培养出来的，它需要学生具有扎实的语法功底及大量反复的练习。为此，针对学生在实际写作中的常见错误，进行有主题的改错练习就十分有必要。教师在平时的教学中，应该注意积累学生写作中的各种语法错误，并有意识地分析这些错误，将错误归类，找出学生犯错的原因，每次针对某一个问题，有主题地进行纠正，有效解决问题。有研究表明：“纠错过程是学生的认知转变过程，能否成功取决于是否有足够的认知操作来实现这一转变，它需要学生在纠错过程中有足够的心理注意和心理投入，增强学生心理注意的有效方法是选择性纠错。选择纠错最显著的特点是缩小学生的注意力范围，让学生的注意力集中于某一个或几个错误的语法点上，有利于记忆。”所以，笔者认为，根据初中学生英语写作中的常见语法错误，可以进行不同主题的改错练习，如专门进行主谓不一致的改错，代词的改错，非谓语动词的改错，主谓结构的改错，时态的改错，名词单复数的改错等。
（三）结合英语写作中的常见错误，有效开发课程资源，系统性地进行语法知识教学
近年来，我国进行了新一轮的国家基础教育课程改革，制定了新的《义务教育英语课程标准》。课程标准对于英语的课程观，语言观，语言教学观有了崭新的诠释。它改变了以往英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授的理念，提倡全新的任务型教学模式。借助二期课改的契机所引入的《初中牛津英语教材》便很好地体现了这一理念。牛津教材的编写主要以“话题”为主线，通过课堂的学习，学生在听说能力上得到了一定的提高和锻炼，但在语法知识的学习上却不够系统，语法知识贫乏。因此，笔者认为，从初中低年级开始，有效地整合开发教学资源，系统地进行语法知识教学，对于英语写作有很大的帮助。
1.进行系统的基本语法知识教学
帮助学生学习了解初中九大词类及其用法：名词、动词、代词、数词、介词、连词形容词、副词、冠词等；掌握最基本的句子成分，会对英语句子进行成分分析，找出句子中的主谓宾、定状补等句子关键成分；能正确地运用英语中最基本的八种时态；掌握初中最基本的五种句子类型：简单句、并列句、复合句、状语从句、宾语从句等。
2.有效开发整合课程资源，注重语法教学的有效性、交际性、系统性、趣味性等
Celce-Murcia在其语法教学策略有效性对比表中，表示在语法教学中，交际教学活动比非交际教学活动更有效（隐性教学）。如下表（根据Celce-Murcia，1985，转引自Stern1992：43）
根据上述理论，笔者认为《中学生英语写作新视野》（Linda Lonon Blanton）和《如何通过课堂活动教语法》（Penny Ur）等书籍材料都是适合开发利用的语法及写作教学资源。当然关于语法教学是采用显性方式还是隐性方式，各专家学者意见不一，研究成果也颇有争议。具体采用何种教学方法还应根据学习者的具体情况而定，在平时的教学中坚持全面的原则，即按照隐性教学和显性教学相结合的原则，因材施教，灵活变通。
语言的输出需要一定的积累，所以在英语写作中，词汇、句子、语篇的积累就显得十分重要。对于单词的记忆，笔者认为，可以让学生根据词类分类，将动词、形容词、副词等进行分类背诵，这样有助于学生有效分析句子成分，避免词类误用等问题。为了让学生避免“中式英文”的问题，除了让学生了解一定的语法规则外，也应该关注教材中地道的英语句子，在教学中让学生分析，让学生进行反复读背和默写等活动。
参考文献：
［1］司显柱。英语写作教材新编［M］。上海：东华大学出版社，.
［2］王蔷。英语教学策略论［M］。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，.
（作者单位 上海市奉贤区平安学校）
篇16：英语面试中常犯十大语法错误
英语面试中常犯十大语法错误
求职者在英语面试中常犯十大语法错误，在下面的十组例句中，第一句是病句，第二句则是改正过来的句子，
一、句子之间缺少过渡性的单词或词组
① Salmons swim upstream, they leap over huge dams to reach their destination.
② Salmons swim upstream, and then they leap over huge dams to reach their destination.
二、省字号的滥用
① the governments plan
② the plan of the government
三、代词之间的性、数、格不一致
① Everyone has their homework.
② Everyone has his (or her) homework.
四、主句与从句的'顺序不当
① Some of the new dot-com millionaires found out the party was over, after the NASDAQ value dropped by over two thirds.
② After the NASDAQ value dropped by over two thirds, some of the new dot-com millionaires found out the party was over.
五、双重否定
① Barely no one noticed that the pop star lip-synched during the whole performance.
② Barely anyone noticed that the pop star lip-synched during the whole performance.
六、修饰语、插入语的位置不当
① The forest fire, no longer held in check by the exhausted firefighters, jumped the firebreak.
② No longer held in check by the exhausted firefighters, the forest fire jumped the firebreak.
七、意义含糊的先行词
① The band members collected his and her uniforms.
② The band members collected their uniforms.
八、介词和冠词的滥用
① The project of the government reduces the costs of production of the private firms.
② The government project reduces the production costs of private firms.
九、句子缺少成分
① When aiming for the highest returns, and also thinking about the possible losses.
② When aiming for the highest returns, investors also should think about the possible losses.
十、忘记断句
① I do not recall what kind of printer it was all I remember is that it could sort, staple, and print a packet at the same time.
② I do not recall what kind of printer it was. All I remember is that it could sort, staple, and print a packet at the same time.
篇17：托福口语考试中常见的6个语法错误
托福口语: 考试常见6个语法错误
错误一：时态
时态错误可以算语法错误中最低级而又最不易发现的一种了。它的低级是因为时态是所有考生在笔头上都已掌握的很好，但一转到口头上，就很难保持了。请看以下的例子：
问题：Why did you choose to study that subject?针对这个问题，可能你的口语老师会教你用“the reason why I…is that…”这个句型来回答。但所有考生在第一次作答时，基本上都会忽略所提出问题的时态，而在作答时用一般现在时来回答：The reason why I choose to study this subject is that I am interested in learning it at that time。很显然，正确的回答应该把句中的choose变为chose，is变为was，am也要相应的变成was： 如：The reason why I chose to study this subject was that I was interested in learning it at that time.
错误二：there be句型与have/has混杂使用
这一问题的出现，要归罪于现在完成时的there be句型，如There has been a big change in my hometown.有许多考生在记住这个句子之后在想表示“有”这个谓语动词的时候都，往往会把there be与have/has同时出现在一句话中，而句子的含义并非想表达现在完成时。如：There have many wild animals in my country. 而正确的说法为There are many wild animals in my country.或My country has many wild animals.
错误三：形容词比较级与最高级
在形容词变比较级与最高级时，只有三个音节以上(含三个音节)的形容词才需要加more或the most，其他的形容词都是直接加er或者去y变ier的规则变化，但是有的考生在作答时极易忽略该形容词是否规则变化，而想当然的再三音节以下的形容词前加more或the most。如：It's more easy for me to find a job with this major. 而正确的说法为：It's easier for me to find a job with this major.
错误四：形容词ing与ed的区别
你可能可以熟练的背出ing是形容一件事或一种东西，ed是形容人“这一口诀，但是你敢肯定自己在作答中不会犯这种错误码?看以下几组形容词：interesting与interested;exciting与excited;surprising与surprised。
什么叫形容人?基本上来讲，可能出现的情况无非以下两种：
A.somebody + be动词 + 以ed结尾的形容词 + 介词 + something 如：I'm surprised about this piece of news.
B.something make(s) somebody + 以ed结尾的形容词 如：This piece of news makes me surprised.
什么叫形容一件事或一种东西?也就是：
A.something + be动词 + 以ing结尾的形容词 如：This piece of news is surprising.
B.以ing结尾的形容词 + 名词 如：This is a surprising piece of news.
错误五：动词短语忽略成分
有些动词短语的搭配是固定的，只有把短语完整的说全的情况下才可以接之后的名词，但许多考生很容易忽视这一点。如：listen to， go to，look forward to， pay attention to等等。所以我们要在练习中尽可能的回忆当时学校课堂上所交的那些口诀，来确保每一个说出的动词短语不会遗忘任何成分。
错误六：情态动词后不加动词原形
有的考生会因为过度重视时态问题，如一味的想着整个作答都要基于某种时态而忽略情态动词后要加动词原形这一原则。如：I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could got a better job after learning that.而正确的说法则是I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could get a better job after learning that.
托福口语清晰表达观点阐述 需合理调控语速
在托福口语的准备中，人们往往特别在托福口语的用词和读音，而忽视了自己表达过程中的语速。其实，托福口语考试的时候，语速的问题是大问题。语速过快，把能说的都提前都说了，剩下的时间没什么好去干的了，出现了尴尬的停顿。语速过慢，想说的还没说到，时间就到了，徒留遗憾。
这里有一个例子，在outlook英文演讲大赛中，4个大学生角逐，大家都看好一个说话超快超清楚的女生，认定她是冠军，但出乎意料，评委中的一个英国老头对他的评价是：you are just like a machine gun. We cannot quite follow you. Despite you pronunciation is clearly and your voice is nice, you should try to slow down so others can follow you and understand you better. 结果是她没有晋级，而另一个说话时每个词中间都有一秒以上停顿的男生获奖了。
对待语速的问题，给各位托福口语考试的考生的建议就是，在能完成考试内容的前提下，尽量慢一些。这是为什么呢，为什么不能快些，多说些呢?
有些人觉得说话快的话，效率比较高，最直接的效果便是可以在规定的时间内多说一些。而且这样会给人以不拖沓的感觉，干脆利落，印象分比较高。
但是事实上，托福口语考试是机考，本身就不能用其他的面部表情和肢体语言进行辅助的表达，考试的时候还会有一起参加的其他人的影响，所以托福口语还是要以让别人听懂为第一要务。
至于大家认为的说话越多，也许就会越有优势，这其实是不能定论的。说话的量的多少，要看能否把意思表达清楚，只要能完整清晰地表达出自己想要表达的东西，就不必要说那么多的话，毕竟这是考试不是聊天需要寒暄。
篇18：高考英语作文：英语写作语法错误
高考英语作文必备：英语写作语法错误
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子：
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析，中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响，直接翻译，没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
冠词错误
学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词，或者说不重视冠词这个问题，常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。
冠词考查分两个方面，一是冠词的残缺或多余，考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别，如：in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。
英汉名词确有许多共同点，但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分，汉语里没有，且一般情况下，名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此，英语写作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather， information等少数常用不可数名词时，学生往往会犯错误。
不过，在使用英语不可数名词时，又会出现两种情况，一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰，如上述提及的几个名词：另一种情况是，少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后，可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间)，rain(雨)。所以我们可以说：We had a wonderful time yesterday.
例如：
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正确的句子：
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
代词的错误
代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词，要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用，关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用，关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用，关系代词which与关系副词when, where，以及what与how的误用等。
例如：
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正确的句子：
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
汉语里，人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变，而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变，而且每格都具有其自身的用途，分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是，人称代词充当介词宾语时，也要采用其宾格形式。
非谓语动词
错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚，对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白，对句子结构分析不正确，常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个，如果有另外一个动词出现，这个动词有三种情况：一是并列谓语，但是这时候必须有连词，如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现，现在分词和过去分词，还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义，而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的意义。
例如：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子：
篇19：高考英语作文：英语写作语法错误
20高考英语作文必备：英语写作语法错误
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析：a句中己有谓语动词there are，用来修饰things，此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语，后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语，跟所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行，因此用“sleeping”，相当于 “the child who is sleeping”。
连词的错误
连词主要有两类，即并列连词和从属连词，考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用)，从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。
例如：
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正确的句子：
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.1f you go this way，you will soon see the hospital.
名词的错误
名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词，这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响，英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外，可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。
例如：
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正确的句子：
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
篇20：高考英语作文：英语写作语法错误
高考英语作文必备：英语写作语法错误
英语作文的写作中，语法错误不可避免。下面来看看语文迷整理的英语语法错误的类型吧。
主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响，但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致，谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维，因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数。
例如：
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析：a句中的a number of +复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数，在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
时态错误
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多，动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示，对高中生来说，掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上，学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则，但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。
例如：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析：第一句是一个常识问题，应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时态。
语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是，学生由于汉语思维的影响，很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义，但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式，其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息，中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语，不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。
例如：
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确的句子：
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显，这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误，其中之一是，常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组)，如 take place, occur, happen, belong to，appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
固定搭配
错误有介词短语的搭配，固定词组的搭配，更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的'时候，不记搭配和真正用法，
错误如下：
篇21：英语面试中的典型问题
英语面试中的典型问题
1. Why do you want to work for this organization?
你为什么想到这来？
Its reputation, the opportunities it offers, and the working conditions.
它的名气,所提供的机会以及工作环境(都吸引我).
2. What isimportant to you in a job?
这个工作对你最重要的是什么?
Challenge, the feeling of accomplishment, and knowing that you have made a contribution.
它带来的'挑战感,成就感以及为之做出贡献的满足.
3. What are your greatest weaknesses？
最大缺点呢?
I tend to drive myself too hard.我有时对自己要求过于严格，
I expect others to perform beyond their capacities.我对别人的能力期望过高。
I like to see a job done quickly.我喜欢速战速决
4. Why should we employ you?
我们为什么要雇佣你？
My academic preparation, job skills, and enthusiasm about working for the firm.
我的专业背景,工作能力以及为贵公司工作的热情.
5. If we hire you, how long will you stay with us?
你打算在我们这工作多久？
As long as my position here allows me to learn and to advance at a pace consistent with my abilities.
只要职务随能力增长而相应提高(就不会走).
6. What are your greatest strengths?
你最大优点是什么?
I can see what needs to be done and do it.我做事当机立断，
I work well with others.我和他人容易共事。
I can organize my time efficiently.我能有效地利用时间.
篇22：英语中常见的俗语
英语中常见的俗语
学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
learning is like sailing against the current; if you don't advance, you will retreat.
常在有时思无时，莫到无时想有时。
sometimes i think about it all the time, but sometimes i don't think about it all the time.
脸皮遮拦，肚里帮尖。
face covered, stomach tip.
见人说人话，见鬼说鬼话。
see people talk and ghosts talk.
肚里没水水，轻狂哄鬼鬼。
there's no water in my stomach. i'm crazy about ghosts and ghosts.
儿大不由爷，女大不由娘。
children can't help their father, but women can't help their mother.
人怕老来穷，苗怕钻心虫。
people are afraid of old age and poverty, but seedlings are afraid of borers.
三分靠教，七分靠学。
three points depend on teaching and seven points on learning.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
有志不在年高，无志空长百岁。
the ambition is not to be old, but to be a hundred years old.
与有肝胆人共事，从无字句处读书。
work with courageous people and read from wordless sentences.
一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。
an inch of time and an inch of gold make it difficult to buy an inch of time.
从小差一岁，到老不同年。
from one year apart to different years old.
路是走近的，经验是积累的。
the road is approaching, and experience is accumulated.
缺个玉米塞个豆，拔棵萝卜栽棵葱。
lack a corn stuffed with beans, pull up a radish and grow onions.
江山易改，本性难移。
rivers and mountains are easy to change, but nature is hard to change.
不怕事情难，就怕不耐烦。
if you are not afraid of difficulties, you are afraid of impatience.
善学者，假人之长以补其短。
a good scholar is a dummy to make up for his shortcomings.
莫看江面平如镜，要看水底万丈深。
don't look at the river as flat as a mirror, but at the bottom of the water.
撑死胆大的人，饿死胆小的鬼。
supports the bold person, starves the cowardly ghost.
不怕家里穷，只怕出懒虫。
they are not afraid of being poor at home, but of being lazy.
人横有道理，马横有缰绳。
a horse has a reins.
东西越用越少，学问越学越多。
the less things you use, the more you learn.
不怕不识货，只怕货比货。
not afraid of not knowing the goods, but afraid of comparing the goods.
练到老，唱到老，学到八十不算老。
it's not too old to practice, to sing and to learn eighty.
君子报仇，十年不晚。
it is not too late for a gentleman to revenge.
双手是活宝，一世用不了。
hands are a living treasure that will never be used for a lifetime.
宁吃开眉粥，不吃皱眉饭。
better eat porridge with open eyebrows than frown rice.
鸟往明处飞，人往高处去。
birds fly to the open, people go to the high.
知不足者好学，耻下问者自满。
he who knows not enough is fond of learning, and he who asks shame is complacent.
学在苦中求，艺在勤中练。
learn in pain, and practice in diligence.
饱带饥粮，晴带雨伞。
full of hunger, sunny with umbrella.
树老根子深，人老骨头硬。
the old roots of trees are deep, but the old bones of men are hard.
打虎要力，捉猴要智。
fighting tigers requires strength and catching monkeys requires wisdom.
鱼在水中不知水，人在风中不知风。
fish do not know water in water, but man does not know wind in wind.
滴水成河，粒米成箩。
drops of water make rivers and grains make barrels.
立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本。
setting up one's own study is the first, and studying is the foundation.
珍宝丢失了还可以找到，时间丢失了永远找不到。
If the treasure is lost, it can be found. If time is lost, it will never be found.
交人交心，浇花浇根。
Make friends, watering flowers and roots.
夏至冬风摇，麦子坐水牢。
Wind in the summer solstice and winter, wheat in a water jail.
经常打打预防针，体内驻了防疫军。
They were often vaccinated and the epidemic prevention army was stationed in their bodies.
君子喻于义，小人喻于利。
The gentleman knows what is right; the mean person keeps his mind only on gains.
千日造船，一日过江。
Shipbuilding in a thousand days and river crossing in one day.
有则改之，无则加勉。
If there is one, it will be changed; if there is none, it will be encouraged.
数子十过，不如奖子一长。
A long prize is better than ten.
一只鸡蛋吃不饱，一身臭名背到老。
An egg is not enough to eat, and it is notorious all the time.
人过留名，雁过留声。
People leave their names, geese leave their voices.
从小爱劳动，老来药不用。
Love to work from childhood, old medicine is not used.
宁可折断骨头，不可背弃信念。
Better break a bone than betray faith.
不喝隔夜茶，不饮过量酒。
Do not drink overnight tea, do not drink excessive alcohol.
好酒不过量，好菜不过食。
Good wine is not enough, good food is not enough.
若要身体壮，饭菜嚼成浆。
If you want to be strong, chew the food into pulp.
美食不可尽用，贪吃使人生病。
Gourmet food can not be used up, greed makes people sick.
人到四十五，还是出山虎。
When people reach forty-five, they still go out of the mountain tiger.
常洗衣裳常洗澡，常晒被褥疾病少。
Frequently wash clothes, often bathe, often sun bedding disease less.
不吸烟，不吃酒，病魔见了绕道走。
No smoking, no drinking, the disease saw a detour.
路是人开的，树是人栽的。
The road is opened by man, and the tree is planted by man.
学文化，从字母开始;讲文明，从小事做起。
Learning culture starts with letters, stressing civilization and doing small things.
一人传虚，百人传实。
One person tells the truth, one hundred people tell the truth.
九里雪大，伏里雨大。
Nine miles is snowy and it rains heavily.
路是走熟的，事是做顺的。
The road is familiar and everything goes smoothly.
饭菜清淡，身体强健。
The food is light and the body is strong.
人望高处走，水向低处流。
People look up and water flows down.
宁可无肉，不可无豆。
Better without meat than without beans.
头对风，暖烘烘;脚对风，请郎中。
Head to wind, warm and baking; feet to wind, please Langzhong.
萝卜就开茶，饿掉大夫牙。
The radish makes tea and starves the doctor's teeth.
预防肠胃病，吃喝要干净。
To prevent gastrointestinal diseases, eat and drink clean.
酒多伤人，色多伤身。
Wine hurts more people than color.
不见高山，那知平地。
No mountains, no plains.
喝开水、吃热饭，身体健康无病害。
Drink boiled water and eat hot meals, healthy and disease-free.
不怕不识货，就怕货比货。
If you are afraid of not knowing the goods, you are afraid of comparing them.
路遥知马力，日久见人心。
Lu Yaoyao knows horsepower, and has seen people's hearts and minds for a long time.
把握一个今天，胜似两个明天。
One today is better than two tomorrows.
什么都缺别缺钱，什么都有别有病。
Everything is short of money, everything is different.
养儿防老，积谷防荒。
Raise children and prevent old age, accumulate grain and prevent famine.
钟不敲不鸣，人不学不灵。
If the bell does not ring, one cannot learn.
阳光是个宝，越晒人越好。
Sunshine is a treasure, the more people are exposed to the sun, the better.
大路不走草成窝，人不挺胸背成驼。
The road does not take grass to form a nest, people do not stand upright chest and back into a hunch.
篇23：浅谈英语中常见的修辞格
浅谈英语中常见的修辞格
对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说，谙熟其修辞方式，不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象，了解修辞运用的规律，从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力，而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。
一、比喻（the figures of speech）
比喻是语言艺术的升华，是最富有诗意的语言形式之一，是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类：明喻、隐喻和转喻。
1.明喻（the simile）
明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出，说明本体事物象喻体事物，用介词like ，连词as，as if，as…so，动词seem等以及句型A …to B as C…to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。
人们往往有这样的错觉，认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体，而非文学类论著，如科技之类应用文 体，为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性，是排斥比喻的。事实上，在英语的科技类的论著中，为了把描述的事物说得具体化、形象化，把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，也经常使用比喻。例如：
（1）Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1／25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point. 细菌是这样小，一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1／25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。
（2）There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that, like photographic film, it will record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃，它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
英语中除上述的.用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外，还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如：
as clear as crystal 清如水晶
这类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快，短小精悍，语言形象，比喻恰切，令人回味无穷，运用得当，可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。
2.隐喻（the metaphor）
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻 词，只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子：Argument is war. 实际上argument和 war是两种不同的事物，前者是口头争论，后者是武装冲突。但argument和war都可能十分激烈，因此该句用战争（war）来暗指辨论（argum ent）的激烈程度。再如：
（1）He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
（2）To me, the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama.对于我来说，四季的奇妙变幻犹如一出动人心弦、永不完结的戏。
英语中有许多数词习语和俚语，主要用作隐喻（也有个别用作明喻）。许多数词习语和俚语本身所代表的数字意思，在某种情况下往往失去具体的含义，引申演变为与某一事物相关或具有某一事物特征的含义。例如：
（1）A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
（2）He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如：
to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧
to plough the sand 白费力气
这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看 a square peg in a round hole 用“园洞中的方钉”来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”，真是十分恰当；between the devil and the deep sea 一边是魔鬼，一边是大海，叫人走投无路，十分传神地表达出“进退两难”的境界。
（3）转喻（the metonymy）
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如：
（1）The buses in America are on strike now. 美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers）。
（2）The pen is mightier than the sword. 文人胜于武士（以pen, sword喻指使用这物的人）。
英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字，除本义外，常可转借喻人，形象生动，意味隽永。例如：
（1）Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear that no body likes him. 史密斯夫人和蔼可亲，但她丈夫为人粗鲁，脾气暴躁，谁都不喜欢他（以兽喻人）。
（2）She is a social butterfly. 她是一个交际花（以虫喻人）。
比喻是英语中最为常见的，用得十分广泛的一种修辞格。论证问题，说明道理以及描绘人物、事物、景物等等，都用得着。它的基本作用是把事物或事理说得具体、生动、形象，使人可见可感可悟，以增强语言的说服力和感染力。
二、借代（the synecdoche）
比喻一定要用一种事物比方另一种事物，无论明喻、隐喻和转喻都是如此。转喻虽然表面上只剩下喻体事 物，省去了本体事物，但仍然是两种事物相比。然而借代只有一种事物，不过没说出该事物原来的名称，另外借用一个名称来代替它。修辞中这种“换一个名称”的办法，就是借代。替代的方式可以是人、物互代，部分和全体互代，单数代复数，描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如：
（1）The river is crowded with masts. 河中帆樯林立（用船的一部分樯mast代替船boat本身）。
（2）Our second year we attacked Homer. 第二年我们攻读荷马的作品（以人Homer代替其作品）。
使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好，
篇24：中学典型英语作文
Dear Li Lei,
I haven't heard from you for a long time. I'm glad to tell you that I'll visit Beijing this summer vacation.
It is said that Beijing is a great city with a long history and more changes have taken place since the Olympic Games. I would like to know something about Beijing, such as places of interest, the environment, traffic and people there.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Tommy
篇25：中学典型英语作文
My best friend
My best friend is Jack.
He is 15 years old. We are both in the same class. He works very hard. He is never late for school and he does well in all his lessons. He is always ready to help others. My math is very poor, so he often helps me with my math after class.
His parents are both teachers. They are very busy, so he often helps do the housework at home.
He is a little shorter than me but he is very strong. He likes playing football very much at school. We often play football together and he plays it pretty well, He gets on well with us, everyone in our class likes him.
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