现在分词作状语小结
“林律师”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了19篇现在分词作状语小结，下面是小编给各位读者分享的现在分词作状语小结，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：现在分词作状语小结
现在分词作状语小结
一、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况：
1.分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作“一(刚)……就……”。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。 如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.(= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…)一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如：
Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。 如：Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.
After having finished his homework, the boy…
After /when he had finished his homework, the boy…
二、现在分词在句中作原因状语
1.分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
= Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.
2.当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如：
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。
三、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。
四、分词短语在句中作让步状语
分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。
现在分词短语作让步状语，分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语，变成状语从句时，需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.
= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。
五、分词短语在句中作结果状语
现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
六、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况
分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的。它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。过去分词可以说明谓语动作的背景。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。如：
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully. 在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。
篇2：现在分词作状语结构
现在分词作状语结构
1. 作时间状语：
a.分词短语中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生， 用V+ing形式， 可加上while / when;
eg：Walking on the street, she met a friend of hers.
当她走在街上时，遇到了她的一个朋友。
Johnheard the baby crying, while sleeping.
当约翰在睡觉时，听到了孩子的哭声。
b.分词短语中的动词比主句中的动作先发生，用having done的形式;
eg：Having eaten the dinner, the boy began to watchTV.
在吃过晚饭以后，男孩开始看电视。
2. 作方式状语：
Pleaseask the question using another way.
请用另一种方法来回答这个问题。
3. 作目的状语：
Theyoung man stood there waiting for his girlfriend.
那个年轻人站在那儿等他的女朋友。
4. 结果状语：
Herhusband died, leaving her a large sum of money.
她丈夫死了，留给她一大笔钱。
5. 伴随状语：所表达的状态随着句子的谓语动词而发生或存在。
Hesat in the sofa, reading a new book.
他坐在沙发里，看着一本新书。
6. 原因状语：
Beingsick, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
因为生病了，所以我昨天没去上学。
Notknowing her number, I can’t call her.
因为不知道她的电话，我不能打给她。
7. 条件状语：相当于if的条件状语从句
Workinghard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed.)
如果你努力工作，你将成功。
8. 补充说明：对主句的情况做一个补充说明。
TheEnglish class begins at 8:30, ending at 10:30.
这堂英语课从8:30开始，一直上到10:30。
篇3：现在分词作状语的用法
①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：
Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.
他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。
My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.
我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。
The child fell，striking his head against the door.
小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。
In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。
Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.
因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。
②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如：
Talking of this film, it’s wonderful.
说到这部电影，好极了。
Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?
假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办?
Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.
根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。
Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
篇4：现在分词作状语语法总结
☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
下面是分类总结
篇5：现在分词作状语语法总结
﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.
﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
篇6：现在分词作状语语法总结
Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
篇7：现在分词作状语语法总结
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性(自然结果)。(making 可以改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。)
﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.
他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。
=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.
=He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very angry.
﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.
玛丽未能通过一门考试，这是她父母非常生气。
﹡European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games in the world.
﹡The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
﹡She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
篇8：现在分词作状语语法总结
Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day)， you’ll learn it well step by step.
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
篇9：现在分词作状语语法总结
Working so hard, he failed again.
Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
☆理解技巧：
分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
篇10：现在分词作状语语法总结
He came running back to tell me the news.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
篇11：现在分词作状语语法总结
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。(☆过去分词短语也可以作伴随状语)
☆理解技巧：
理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。英语中“动词+ing”形式作伴随状语时，它表示的是一个次要的动作，来对谓语表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。例如: Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌
篇12：过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别在哪儿
过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别在哪儿
1. 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别
现在分词在句中也可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语，但所不同的是现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。也可以用现在分词的完成式，则表示动作的完成。过去分词作状语时，它表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如：
_____D____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (江西)
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
_____A______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (北京)
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
2. v-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别
v-ing形式作结果状语表示意料之中的结果，而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的情况。比较：
The child fell, striking his head against the door.
She went home only to find her house broken into.
He hurried to the booking office only ____B_________ that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西)
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
3. 悬垂分词状语
分词短语一般要与句子主语保持一致，但有一些固定的分词短语却不必与其逻辑主语保持一致。常见的此类短语有：generally speaking一般地说;strictly speaking严格地说;frankly speaking坦率地说;judging from / by由……判断出。如：
Generally speaking, women live longer than men.
Judging from the look of the sky, we’ll have a rain this evening.
篇13：不定式作结果状语与现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式作结果状语与现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式作结果状语大家较为熟悉，尤其是在下列常见的句型中：
1. Would you be so kind as to lend me your new bike ?
2. The ice is thick enough to walk on.
3. That’s much too heavy for you to lift.
此外，不定式在表示一个随后发生的动作时，这个不定式短语的功能也是结果状语。不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。如以下例句：
4. He got home to learn that his father was ill.
有时为了强调，可以在不定式短语前加only。
5. Tom got to the station only to find the train had gone.
6. Marry hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.
作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。如以下例句：
7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. “他成为孤儿”是“父母双亡”是直接结果。
8. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. “洪水泛滥”是“大雨滂沱”后意料中的结果。
9. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident. “防止了事故”是“切断电源”的直接结果。
10. He watered the flowers in the garden more often, only making things worse. “园中花木反而更糟”是 “浇水过勤过多”的自然而然的结果。
篇14：现在分词在句子中作状语的用法介绍
现在分词在句子中作状语的用法介绍
一、分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式；当所表示的动作与谓语的'动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过去分词。
二、现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致，但有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致，这种现在分词即所谓的垂悬现在分词。垂悬现在分词容易使句意模糊，甚至造成歧义，因而通常被认为是不合规范或错误的用法。
1.Searching along the deck，it had taken him some time to find a doctor.
他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名医生。(searching的逻辑主语是句中的him)
2.Walking or sleeping，this subject was always in my mind.
不论是走路或睡觉，我总是在想着这个问题。(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中的my)
3.Traveling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳
4.The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果让学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
5.The argument is very convincing.
他的论点很令人信服。
6.They were very excited at the news.
听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
三、现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。
1.When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
2.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
3.Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
4.Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.
5.If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
篇15：分词作状语
分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下：
一． 确定分词形式
分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。
例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted on the shellB. The book I wanted was on the shell
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk
分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C
2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
分析：“Seen from the hill” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen.
二．确立句子主语可能是谁
确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。
例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists
分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B
三．独立主格结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。
1, 名词/代词+动词-ing
例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2，名词/代词+动词-ed
例：The question settled, they felt released.
3，with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed
例：With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.
Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.
The battle was over without a shot being fired.
四．分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。
例：______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
A. I’m putting onB. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain
分析：在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部分的逻辑关系必须使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B， C两项是非谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部分的逻辑关系. 答案: C
五．现在分词和过去分词作独立成分
英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分，不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。
常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:
Considering (that)…考虑到
supposing (that)… 如果……
generally speaking 一般说来
frankly speaking 坦白说
Judging from… 从…判断
talking of… 说到……
Concerning… 关于
setting aside... 除开……
Coming to…谈到 ……
allowing for... 考虑到……
Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……
Seeing (that)… 既然 ……
given (that)… 假设；如果；考虑到
put frankly 坦白地说
taken as a whole 总的说来
例：1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.
坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。
2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。
3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?
假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？
专项练习：
1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.
A. Having finished, followed
B. Finished, followed
C. Finishing, following
D. Being finished, being following
5. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. It was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
Key: 1-5 DBAAD
篇16：分词作状语
as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
->not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
->given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.
a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed
答案b. napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed
答案b. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat
答案c. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句 when it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
using the book, i find it useful.
篇17：分词作状语
分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.->Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
->Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的`含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。
篇18：分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.->Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.->Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。
信息扩展、思维发散
分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）先于主动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
篇19：分词作状语结构讲解
分词作状语结构讲解
分词的两种用法和结构：
1)分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致，如果不一致，要用独立主格结构。如：All the money having been spent, they had to look for a part-time job.钱花光之后，他们不得不找零活干。
2)with+名词(或代词宾格)+分词(短语)作状语，表示伴随情况。
如：With oil expected to be scarce by the end of the century, the European Community has set aside 36 million dollars for hydrogen research over the past four years.预期本世纪末石油将紧缺，在过去四年里，欧洲共同体已储备了3,600万美元进行氢气的研究工作。
Then, maneuvering that iron stove through that doorway, with another mighty grunt Pete just heaved it forward and outward, and it smashed down against her little grassy-patched dirt back yard, the sounds of the crash and the iron cracking open sending her little spotted feist dog and her few any-breed chichens all yelping and squawking and flying.
句子解析：maneuvering that iron stove through that doorway是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间。the iron cracking open是独立分词结构，而sending her little spotted feist dog and her few any-breed chichens all yelping and squawking and flying的sending是分词独立结构，而后面的三个现在分词是作为宾语spotted feist dog and her few any-breed chichens的宾语补语。
句子翻译：然后，彼特搬着铁炉走出门口，又大喝了一声，举起铁炉向前往外抛去，顿时落在她乱草丛生的小后院，摔成碎片。撞击声和生铁的破裂声把她的小花狗和几只小鸡吓得咯咯大叫，四散飞逃。
If you haven't actively sought a job in the past week and aren't available for an immediate start, you are moved from the ranks of the “unemployed” to one of a number of other categories---so those who throw up their hands after a period of looking vanish into a one-line column, becoming just blips in the statistician's computer, along with those who haven't been able to get out and look for work, or aren't in areas where jobs exist, or who don't fulfill the other stringent guidelines to be classed as actively looking for work.
句子解析：这个句子很长，但其真正的主句在破折号之前。其主句中if引导了一个表示条件的从句，而破折号之后的内容用于进一步解释one of a number of other categories，who引导的是those的定语从句，becoming just blips in the statistician's computer这个现在分词作为状语用于表示结果，和接下来的伴随状况，along with those who…是一复杂的短语用于状语，用以进一步说明和对比。
句子翻译：如果你在过去的一周里没有积极寻找工作，并且不能马上开始上班，那他们就会把你从“失业者”群转到许多其他类别中的一类，所以那些找了一段时间以后感到绝望的人和那些没能出去找工作或不在有工作的地区或是因不符合其他一些严格标准而没能算在积极寻找工作之列的人一道统统消失掉，变成了统计学家电脑屏幕上的区区亮点而已。
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