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把握语境巧解单项填空题

2022-05-27 22:43:48 收藏本文下载本文

“平凡的世界”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了5篇把握语境巧解单项填空题，下面是小编为大家整理后的把握语境巧解单项填空题，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助您。

把握语境巧解单项填空题

篇1：把握语境巧解单项填空题

作者：吴小梅

单项填空题是英语考试必考题型,而选项的选择依据已不再局限于其语法的正确与否,而更加注重特定语境对答案的限制。这不仅考查学生语言基础知识,而且考查综合运用语言的能力。因此,准确理解题意是做好单项填空题的首要条件。

一、读题时一定要留意上下文的有效信息及其内在联系。不仅要在选项本身上考虑,更要注意前后的暗示,分析题干,选择与题干语意相符的答案。

1. -There's coffee and tea; you can have ________.

-Thanks.

A. either B. each C. one D. it

答案:A

解析:此题是一道语境题,意在考查考生运用这几个代词的能力。either指两者之中的任意一个;each 修饰可数名词; one指代可数名词;it指代具体的事物。

2. -How is the man badly hurt in the accident?

-Sorry. He ________ though the doctor made every effort to save him.

A. died B. was dead C. had died D. had been dead

答案: A

解析:根据上文可知,此人伤得很严重 ,下文连词though 表示“虽然,尽管”引导让步状语从句。句意为:“虽然医生尽了一切努力来抢救他,但他还是死了”。选项B “be dead”表示状态。C、D与题意不符。只能选A。

3. I can hardly hear the news. Would you please ________?

A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off

答案: C

解析: 此题考查动词turn 的有关短语动词。从结构上看,四个选项都符合。从意思上看,turn on 意为“打开”, 可用turn on the gas, turn on the radio, turn on the tap 等;turn down 意为“把音量调小,拒绝”;turn up意为“把音量调高,露面”;turn off意为“关掉”。但从题干hardly hear 的暗示,只有C项才符题意。

二、单项填空题题目越来越长,所含的信息量越来越大,结构越来越复杂,解题时认真分析前后关系,准确把握内在的逻辑关系便至关重要。

1. -Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?

-Yes. They have better players, so I ________ them to win.

A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want

答案: C

解析:根据答语已经肯定了the Stars 有更好的球员,当然就希望他们会获胜。hope to do sth.; prefer sth. to sth. / prefer doing to doing; expect sb. to do sth.正确, 而want sb. to do sth. 意思不符。

2. His parents live near the city of Beijing, but ________of them has ever been to it.

A. any B. some C. none D. neither

答案: D

解析:此题考查不定代词的用法,由于运用转折连词but ,所以需选一个否定词。从结构上看,似乎C、D 都对。上文his parents 隐含主语有两个人,所以选neither。

三、单项填空题的句子结构越来越复杂化和综合化,选项对题意的干扰加强。因此,排除干扰,正确分析句子结构是找准答案的关键。

1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

答案:C

解析:此题较难,主句与从句之间存在修饰与被修饰的关系。关系代词that(the plan)充当see的宾语,选项来作see的宾补。而“计划”与“执行”之间存在被动关系,故选过去分词carried out作宾补,相当于“to see the plan carried out”。

2. She thought we were talking about her, ________ , in fact, we were talking about ourselves.

A. when B. where C. which D. while

答案: D

解析:此题题干较长,由两个分句组成,且句子结构完整,意思上没有修饰与被修饰的关系,而且有in fact 插入语干扰,而while 此时作连词,表示转折和对比。

篇2：分析句法有利于解单项填空题

作者：张豪张华

从近年NMET试题来看,有些单项填空题结构比较复杂,有的与其他句子很容易混淆,导致失误。这时如果我们注意分析句法,一定会有利于答题:

一、搞清句子成分

英语中的主要成分有主语、谓语和宾语,还有定语、状语、表语、补语等附加成分。句子成分既不能残缺也不能多余。如:

The letter they looked forward to ________ at last.

A. arrive B. arrived C. arriving D. had arrived

分析:该题若仅根据look forward to而选择C,则整个句子缺少谓语。实际上,they looked forward to为定语,修饰The letter,主句缺少谓语动词,故选择B。

二、辨清句子类型

从结构上看英语中的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;根据其作用,句子又可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、否定句、祈使句等。在答题时分清句子的结构和作用对答题十分重要。如:

1. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.

A. When left B. Leaving

C. If you leave D. Leave

分析:由句中的and可以断定应该选择一个不带连词的句子(非谓语动词不是句子)。事实上,该题考查的是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。答案为D。

2. -Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean to...

-Don't call me “Joe”. I'm Mr. Parker to you, and ________ you forget it!

A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't

分析:句中的“!”说明此处应是感叹句或祈使句,并非是问句。此处应选D,Don't you forget it!为祈使句的否定句,表示“不高兴”,“厌烦”,“鄙视”等色彩。因此,该题答案为D。

三、识别一些常见句式或结构

英语中许多句子都以一定的结构或句式出现,如强调句、含形式主语或形式宾语的句子、倒装句、there be句式及各种从句等。在做题时不能见到某句型的特征就马上认定是什么句型,从而按该句型的特点和用法去解题。如:

The children are having a good time, ________ with sand, others with toys.

A. some of them playing

B. who playing

C. some of whom are playing

D. some of them

分析:该题很容易误选C。从后面的...others with toys来看,“________ with sand”应该与之并行,同为独立主格结构,并非是定语从句。答案为A。

下面摘抄一些试题,供同学们演练:

1. The cat is the only one of her pets Jane will have ________ on her bed.

A. it sleep B. it sleeping

C. it slept D. sleeping

2.________ , we had to walk home last night.

A. There's no bus

B. There was no bus

C. Being no bus

D. There being no bus

3. a. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read.

b. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read it.

A. as B. that C. which D. /

4. a. He got lost in the forest and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.

b. He got lost in the forest, ________ made matters worse.

A. which B. what C. it D. that

5. ________ is no need to turn off the radio since I've got used to working with it on.

A. It B. That C. There D. This

6. a. He came late. That's ________ he didn't catch the early bus.

b. He didn't catch the early bus. That's he came late.

A. because B. why

C. that D. the reason for

7. -You've booked on a four o'clock flight?

-What chance ________ of taking an earlier plane?

A. there is B. is it C. there it is D. is there

8. a. His father died, ________ him a lot of money.

b. His father died, and ________ him a lot of money.

A. leaving B. left C. being left D. to leave

9. a. Is this very factory ________ you visited last year?

b. Is this the very factory ________ you visited last year?

A. that B. which C. where D. the one

10. -We haven't heard from Jane recently.

-What do you think _____ to her?

A. was happening B. to happen C. of happening D. has happened

[答案与简析]

1. D 2. D 3. a. A(定语从句) b. B(结果状语从句)4. a. B(主语从句) b. A(非限定性定语从句) 5. C 6. a. A(because后接原因) b. B(why后接结果) 7. D 8. a. A(现在分词短语作结果状语) b. B(并列句) 9. a. D(the one作表语) b. A 10. D

篇3：把握九个一致巧解短文改错

NMET短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：

一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。

二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。

具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：

一．时态一致

短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。

例1． My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. (NMET'98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was 虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。

例2． I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET' )

此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。

例3． Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93)第一个is 与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was, 使之与其时间状语in the past 一致。

二．主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。

例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.

(NMET'2000) 主语为A and B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。

例5．The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class after a few games.(NMET'93)主语为A or B时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes .

例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong… (NMET'98) 此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致。

三．平行一致

not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。

例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( NMET'98)依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文 makes保持一致，改为gives.

例8．It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (NMET'96) 此句中的drove应与前文to meet 保持平行，故改为drive。

四．数的一致名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致

例9．We study quite a few subject, such as maths,

Chinese…(NMET'97) quite a few只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject 应改为subjects.

例10．They … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)与lots of 保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.

五．主饰一致句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。

除了例9，例10外，还有

例11．…so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET)

all 若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。

例12．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me

success.(NMET2000) all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate 应为schoolmates.

例13．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET'99)

Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。

例14．I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET'95) 修饰名词，应为a wonderful time.

六．指代一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。

例15．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

(NEMT'96) The Smiths 为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数 their.

例16．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (NMET'97)

此处应为作主语的关系代词which.

例17． And I can't forget the food you cooked for I. (NMET'95)

此处I 应作介词的宾语，故改为me 才可保持一致。

七．语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。

例18．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT'94)

与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。

八．搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。

例19． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET'2000) 后

跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.

例20．I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET'97)

look forward to 中to 是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。

例21．But it didn't matter that I would win or not. (NMET'2000)

与其后or not 保持一致时应用whether。

例22．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001)

in any other words意为“换言之”，应为in other words。

九．逻辑一致

这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与go 等。

例23．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET'2000)

上下文看，应为She---my English teacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but 应为and。

例24．Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET'99)

从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone 改为everyone或everybody.

例25．And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET'98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.

篇4：把握九个一致巧解短文改错

新疆哈密吐哈石油高级中学刘雪娟常玉国（邮编839009）

高考短文改错旨在考查考生对书面语的校验技能，即发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。一般来讲，所选文段都是接近学生实际写作水平的习作，难度并不很大。但从历年考试结果来看，本题得分并不很高。究其原因，除了心理准备不足、基础知识薄弱、没有建立正确的英语语感外，对设题的特点及解题的技巧了解不够也是一个重要的失分原因。本文借助近年高考题，特别是全国卷和各省市卷谈谈巧解短文改错的思路与技巧。

一.短文改错的解题基本思路：

（一）.以句为单位，找行中错误。每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。

（二）．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句、进而对该行做出判断。

二.短文改错的解题基本技巧：

（一）．时态一致

短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语应保持呼应与一致。

例1.Sometimes we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers at once. (NMET’II)

全文都是一般现在时，此句中talked显然与上下文不一致，应改为talk。

例2.I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET’ 2000)

此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。

例3.Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET’ 93)

第一个is 与时间状语today保持一致，第二个is则应改为was, 使之与其时间状语in the past 一致。

（二）．主谓一致

谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。

例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET’2000)

主语为A and B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。

例5．One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (NMET’2004福建)

主语为her parents，谓语应为复数，was应改为were.

例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong… (NMET’98)

此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致。

（三）．平行一致

例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( NMET’98)

依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文 makes保持一致，改为gives.

例8．I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (NMET’2004I)

此句中and前后应平行，quietly应改为形容词quiet。

例9. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (NMET’2004天津)

此题迷惑性较大，乍一看，应该没问题。但felt后应跟形容词，lonely是形容词，而helplessly是副词，应改为helpless.

（四）．数的一致

名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致

例10．You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (NMET’2004III)

a few只修饰复数名词，如保持一致,minute 应改为minutes.

例11．You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month. (NMET’2004江苏)

与several 保持一致的只能是复数名词，month应改为months.

（五）．主饰一致

句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。

除了上面例10，例11外，还有：

例12．I would learn a lot of new words from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them. (NMET’2004重庆)

修饰名词problems的应为形容词,terribly应改为terrible。

例13．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(NMET2000)

all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上故schoolmate 应为schoolmates.

例14．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET’99)

Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词 unfortunately 才可保持一致。

例15．Yes, a concert can be very excited. (NMET’2004II)

系动词后用形容词excited应该没错，但事、物做主语时应为exciting.

（六）．指代一致

用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。

例16．And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own. (NMET’2004浙江)

指代前文people，与其保持一致应该用their。故your改为their。

例17．It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to …(NMET’2004广东)

此句为强调句型，其中被强调部分us应该是句中主语，故应改为we。

例18．What is more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (NMET’2004湖北)

此处him应指前文pupils，故改为them才可保持一致。

（七）．语态一致

句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。

例19．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT’94)

与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。

例20．I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. (NMET’2004II)

非谓语动词giving与其逻辑主语应该是动宾关系，故应为given, 构成have something done。

（八）．搭配一致

句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。

例21． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET’2000)

后跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.

例22．They make their lives by collecting and selling used things. (NMET’2004广东)

Make a/ones living（谋生）固定搭配中，不受其前代词their影响，只可用living.

例23．But it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (NMET’2000)

与其后or not 保持一致时应用whether。

例24．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001)

“换言之”固定搭配，应为in other words。

（九）．逻辑一致

这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与go 等。

例25．And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smiles of welcome on their faces, I immediately knew that everything would be all right. (NMET’2004辽宁)

从上下文看，因为语言问题，我对新的环境感到很担忧，但见到这家人时，一切担忧都烟消云散。故And应为But。

例26．Unfortunately, I won’t be able to visit you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (NMET2004IV)

从全句可知，此处应为解释原因，故although应改为because.

例27．And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET’98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.

试用上面方法做下面练习（20湖北高考卷）：

I often dream of a teacher , I dream of standing on the 76．

platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys 77．

and girls . I teach them , play with them , but watch them 78．

growing up . I am always young when I was staying 79．

with them . I know there is not easy to be a teacher . You 80．

have to learn in order to teach . Without enough knowledges, 81．

you can never learn well .What is more , you have to 82．

be friends with your pupils and take good care of him . 83．

Only in this way can you be a good teacher and win 84．

respect from them . Though I am a student now , I will

work as very hard to make my dream come true . 85．

答案

76．以句为单位，找行中错误。从全句意思可知，应为“我梦想‘成为’一名教师”，故应在dream of 后加上being或becoming。

77．平行一致。And前后应平行，give改为giving。

78．逻辑一致。从语义关系上来讲，这三个动词应为顺延关系，but 改为and。

79．时态一致。全文均为现在时态，此处不该用过去时态，was改为am。

80．搭配一致。此结构中应该用it 来指代to be a teacher作形式主语,there改为it。 81．主饰一致. 尽管enough既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，但knowledge做“知识”讲时应是不可数名词，去掉s。

82．以篇为单位，找句中错误。从语法上看不出此句错误，但从整篇文段看，作为教师尽管learn亦很重要，但此处应为teach才好。

83．指代一致。此处him指代前文pupils，故改为them才可保持一致。

84．√

85．搭配一致。此句结构完整，as赘余，应删去。

篇5：利用上下文及逻辑关系巧解英语完型填空题

考研英语知识运用这道题是一种对考生综合能力的考查。除了对大纲核心词汇的掌握外，还要了解一定的解题技巧。那么，这篇文章主要向广大考生介绍完型填空的解题技巧，希望各位同学能够学会举一反三。

英语知识运用，即完型填空出现在考研英语试题的第一部分，因此，能否顺利解答这道题至关重要。但是，广大考生如果想在这道题取得很好的成绩，基本功很重要，当然，在扎实的基础上，还要有一定的解题技巧才能做到事半功倍。那么我们先看一下大纲对英语知识运用这道题的要求：该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力。在一篇240-280词的文章中流出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。我们看，根据大纲规定，英语知识运用这道题是一种对考生综合能力的`考查。除了对大纲核心词汇的掌握外，还要了解一定的解题技巧。那么，这篇文章主要向广大考生介绍完型填空的解题技巧，希望各位同学能够学会举一反三。

第一,利用文章主题和行文逻辑解题。

完型填空文章是一种“主线控制全文，逻辑串联前后”的文章。因此，掌握了文章主题就像找到了房门的钥匙，主要内容一目了然。根据完型填空总分结构的特点，通常来说，主题句在首段首句。所以，首段首句以及段首句是各位考生要了解的重点。那么利用文章主题解题就是要时刻怀揣着主题，看哪个选项符合主题的要求。

例如：It turns out that the peculiar way of conduction the experiments may have led to ___ interpretations of what happened. (2010)

[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading

2010年短文第一段、第二段首先介绍“霍桑效应”产生的背景及具体的推导过程。第三段开始提出文章主题，即介绍几十年后对“霍桑效应”提出的质疑。本句指出对实验数据进行重新研究的发现。既然文章主题是“质疑”原来的实验结果，空格处应该填入表示贬义的形容词，所以排除BC. misleading 带入后表示“原来实验的特殊方式可能导致对发生的实验现象的错误性解释”符合原文主题，所以是正确答案。

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