虚拟语气5--虚拟语气的其它表达形式
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篇1：虚拟语气5--虚拟语气的其它表达形式
虚拟语气5--虚拟语气的其它表达形式
V. 虚拟语气的其它表达形式1． 用介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件
常用的介词或介词短语主要有without（没有），but for（要不是），in the absence of（如果没有）或were it not for（要是没有），but that（假设……不）等。例如：
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.
But for the leadership of the Party, we couldn’t live such a happy life.
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
Example:
Without gravity, we ______ able to walk.
a. were b. should be c. can be d. should not be
Were it not for the atmosphere, the stars ______ shining at any time in the day.
a. be seen b. can be seen c. could be seen d. could have been seen
2． 用动词不定式表示虚拟条件
It would be a shame to stop our work half-way.
It would take about 125 million of molecules of water to form a row an inch long.
如果要排成一寸长就需要大约一亿二千五百万个水分子。
Example:
It ______ better to think independently.
a. goes b. looks c. would be d. shall be
3． 通过上下文表示虚拟条件
常用的'连接词有or, otherwise, but等。例如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.
The worn parts have been replaced at the proper time, or a damage might have happened.
磨损的部件及时更换了，否则就会发生破坏。
Example:
He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might go b. should be gone c. could have gone d. ought have gone
The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.
a. would have been b. would be c. should be d. had been
4． 虚拟语气用在...would(或had)rather（或would just as soon）+ 从句的句式中，表示与事实相反的愿望。从句谓语动词要用过去式。例如：
I would rather you stayed here.
I would rather that you didn’t do anything.
I’d just as soon you didn’t go there.
Example:
I’d just as soon ______ those important papers with you.
a. that you won’t take b. your not taking c. please don’t you take d. you didn’t take
I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. didn’t do c. don’t d. didn’t
5． 虚拟语气用在...had hoped that...句型中，表示过去未实现的愿望，意为“原本希望...”，从句谓语用would + 原形动词。例如：
I had hoped that she would answer my letter.
We had hoped that you would change your mind.
His father had hoped that he would be a scientist.
Example:
Tom’s father had hoped that he ______ into business with him.
a. would go b. would have gone c. went d. had gone
6． 虚拟语气用在had better, had best, had rather, would sooner, would rather, would have句型
中，后接原形动词。例如：
You had better close the window.
I would rather stay at home.
You had best leave her alone.
Would you have me tell her a lie?
If you don’t mind, I’d rather not see the play.
I had rather put the books on the desk.
Liu Hu Lan would sooner die than surrender.
Example:
I ______ do that if I were given the choice.
a. would rather not b. rather not c. do not rather d. would not rather
“I haven’t felt well for a week.” “You ______ see a doctor.”
a. had ought to b. had better c. should have to d. had rather
______ do it myself than try to persuade a stubborn fellow like you.
a. I’d rather b. I’d better c. I rather d. I’d like
EXERCISE
1. I would rather ______ a book than watch TV.
a. read b. reading c. to read d. have read
2. You were late again this morning. I think you had better ______ on time.
a. to start to be b. start being c. started being d. to be
3. She ______ into the water but that I caught her.
a. would fall b. would have fallen c. has fallen d. wouldn’t fall
4. He had hopped that his son _____ an engineer.
a. will be b. be c. is d. would be
5. I would just as soon ______ those heavy boxes with you.
a. that you won’t take b. your not taking c. please don’t you take d. you didn’t take
6. I did not call to make my airline reservation, but I _____.
a. must have b. may have c. should have d. shall have
7. ______ your advice, I would never have got the job.
a. But for b. As for c. Apart from d. Except for
8. With all this work on hand, he ______ TV last night.
a. mustn’t watch b. shouldn’t have watched c. wouldn’t watch d. ought not to watch
9. He must have missed the train, or he ______ here then.
a. should be b. would be c. would have been d. had to be
10. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ achieved.
a. must have been b. could have been c. should have d. would not have been
11. I was in a hurry that day. Otherwise I ______ to talk to you.
a. had stopped b. would have stopped c. stopped d. had to stop
12. “I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back to Chicago.”
“Yes. I’d hoped that I ______ have to go back again, but I do.”
a. don’t b. won’t c. hadn’t d. wouldn’t
13. Better ______ the butcher than the doctor.
a. to pay b. pay c. paying d. paid
14. I would have come sooner but I ______ that you were waiting.
a. didn’t know b. hadn’t known c. haven’t known d. couldn’t have known
15. You had better ______ so many questions.
a. not to ask b. ask not c. not ask d. not asking
16. “John wants to see you today.” “I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.”
a. comes b. came c. has come d. should come
17. Life today ______ very different without iron and ste
篇2：虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
篇3：虚拟语气浅析
虚拟语气浅析
本文简要地录述了虚拟语气的分类、构成及用法、对虚拟语气做了简单的总结,有利于今后英语教学中系统讲解把握.
作 者：孙志杰 作者单位：山东警察学院,山东,济南,250014 刊 名：华章 英文刊名：MAGNIFICENT WRITING 年，卷(期)： “”(9) 分类号：H0 关键词：虚拟语言 用法篇4：虚拟语气
虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的.是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
篇5：关于虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟 （2）混合虚拟 （3）特殊句式
一．一般虚拟的构成：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)
(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +do
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p, S.+ would/could/should have + p.p
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
(3) 对将来的虚拟：
If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth.
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.
注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.
Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
二． 混合虚拟：
（1） 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.
(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.
You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.
三． 特殊句式：
(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause (should do/do )
He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist的判断)
(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句)
(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）
His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. （同位语从句）
(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）
It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）
It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
（5）wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)
I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
I wish I had never met him.
(6) It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )
It is (high/about) time we went home.
(7) would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）
I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.
(8) If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反) ((would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反) “要是。。。就好了“
If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice!
If only I were ten years younger!
(9) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反)
She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(10) would like/was/were to have done something
I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.
(11) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise后从句同)
I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadn’t been for your help)
四 。虚拟巩固练习：
1. The plant is dead. I ___more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
2. I insist that a doctor ___ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. send for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3. If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.
A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed
4. I wish I ___ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
5. What would you have done last night, if you to write your homework.
A. hadn’t B. haven’t had C. didn’t have D. hadn’t had
6. ---Did you catch the plane?
-----No, if I had hurried, I .
A. would B. would have C. could D. did
7. Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
8. --- Shall we go skating or stay at home? ---Which____ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
9. --- We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
---Yes, a taxi ___ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t D. won’t be
10. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.
A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started
11. Tom ought not to ____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
12. ---If he ____, he ___ that food.
--- Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken
B. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
13. ---- Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
-----No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.
A. have, will be B, had had, would have been
C. had, would be D. had had, would be
14. If you George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see
15. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove, didn’t get B. drove, wouldn’t get
C. were driving, wouldn’t get D. had driven, wouldn’t have got
16. I am sure he hasn’t sent the letter. If he it, I .
A. sent, got B. sent, have got C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got.
17. The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
18. Jane’ pale face suggested that he ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.
A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has
19. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
21.____ for the free tickets, _____ I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
22. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ____ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
23. I should have been there, but I ___ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
24. If he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
25. How I wish every family ___ a large house with a garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
26. I thought you ____ like something to read , so I have brought you some books.
A. might B. may C. could D. must
27. There was plenty of time. She ____.
A. needn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. mustn’t have hurried
28. It was necessary that he about what had happened.
A. be told B. was told C. should tell D. tell
29. It was strange that we short of water in the country where it was always raining.
A. are B. be C. should be D. both B and C
30. You any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.
A. won’t meet with B. would not meet with
C. would not have met with D. have not met with
31. .He did his best in everything, he would not have seen what he was.
A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that
32. ---You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. It is very good.
----I wished I , but I was busy with my report.
A. had B. did C. would have D. were
33. ---- Would you have told him the answer, if possible?
-----Yes, I would have, but I very busy.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
34. If only I his advice, but I am sorry I did.
A. would not take B. would not have taken
C. did not take D. had not taken
35. It is time we to the concert. A. went B, go C. will go D. should go
36. ---I’d like to get a job in that computer shop.
---I would much rather you ___at home and ___ care of the children.
A. stay, take B. stayed, took C. should stay, took D. stayed, take
37. If we ___ birth control earlier, China ___ such a large population.
A. had begun, wouldn’t have B. had begun, wouldn’t have had
C. began, wouldn’t have D. should begin, wouldn’t have had
38. They treats the granny as if she ____ their own mother. A> is B. was C. were D. had been
39. ---What do you think of the food here? ---Oh, wonderful! WE ___ a better place.
A. won’t find B. mustn’t have found C. can’t find D. couldn’t have found
40. We ___ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
41. It was suggested that the match ___ because of the weather.
A. would be put off B. should put off C. must be put off D. be put off
42.If only I ___ to your advice and returned home in time.
A. listened B. had listened C. would listen D. would have listened
43. ___, there would be no industry.
A. Without steel B. If there is not steel C. There would be no steel D. If there was not steel
44.---Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? ---I wish I ___, but I ___ study for a test.
A. had, will have to B. would, had to C. did, have to D. could, have to
45. He spoke as if he ___ in space at that moment.
A. had walked B. were walking C. would walk D. walked
46. I would do it in a different way ___ it.
A. were I do B. were I to do C. should I to do D. had I done
47. But for his help, they ___ over the mountain in such a short time.
A. had not run B. have not run C. couldn’t have run D. can’t have run
48. There is nothing left. I wish I ___ so much money on clothes.
A. haven’t spent B. hadn’t spent C. couldn’t have spent D. not spend
49. ---Why are you late? ---I got caught in traffic; otherwise I ___ here on time.
A. would have been B. was C. were D. had been
50. ---What happened to the trees planted last spring?
---The trees ___ well. But they didn’t take good care of them.
A. would grow B. shall have grown C. would have grow D. might grow
51. He would have died ___ that doctor.
A. hadn’t it been B. it id had been C. were it for D. had it not been for
52. What would you do if you __ a house on fire? A. saw B. see C. have seen D. had seen
五．参考答案：
1-5 DDDCD 6-10 BDBAC 11-15 ABCAD
16-20 DDBBA 21-25 CDBCB 26-30 AAADB
31-35 CCCDA 36-40BACDC 41-45DBADB
46-52BCBACDA
篇6：虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；
(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：
I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）
If it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来
（3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：
If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．
She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．
If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．
（4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：
Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．
Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．
Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．
（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：
If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．
If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：
I suggest that we（should）set off at once．
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．
I wish I were as strong as you．
I would rather that you hadn't told him．
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．
Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？
5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；
在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：
They talked as if they had been friends for years．
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．
6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：
在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
It’s time I was going.
It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.
7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
I wish she would change her mind.
8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
9. would rather.
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了
11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从旬中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：
1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。
除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。
He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.
假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？
Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?
12. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
He hid it lest she (should) see it.
我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。
I'll get some beer in case John should come.
他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．
13. if only
如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；
如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；
如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
篇7：虚拟语气教案设计
虚拟语气教案设计
第三章 虚拟语气
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。
一、动词的语气
语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气
陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？
How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！
2.祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？
Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
A．真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
B．非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式：
与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语：were did
主句的谓：would (couldshouldmight) + do
与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语：had done
主句的谓：would(couldshouldmight) + have done
与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语：didwere
主句的谓：should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do
1． 表示与现在事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
? would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。
2．表示与过去事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去完成时，主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。
3． 表示在将来不太可能实现的条件
表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式：
① weredid
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。
If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。
If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。
② should do
条件从句中不管什么人称都用should do，可表示有偶然实现的可能性。
If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，庄稼可能就有救了。
We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是诚实的，那我们就相信他。
③ were to do
条件从句用were + to do。这种形式比较正式，常出现在书面语中，其假设成份很大，实现的可能性很小。
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。
If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？
对比：
将来不太可能实现的三种非真实条件句中的.虚拟语气对比
If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（常用形式）
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（可能性较小）
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）
C．省略if的条件句
在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）
Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）
D．错综条件句
虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
注意：
在很多情况下，我们也可以用was来代替当主语是第一人称或第三人称单数时的were。
If were here tomorrow...
也可以说成：If he was here tomorrow...
I wish I were a bird.
也可以说成：I sish I was a bird.
但倒装句型中的were不可被was来替换。
Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我处在你的位置，我是不会干这件事的。
E．含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况：
1．条件暗含在短语中
He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well. 他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)
2．条件可根据上下文推理出
It would do you no good. 这可能会对你没好处。(条件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放弃这项工作的话)
They could have won. 他们本来是会赢的。(条件可能是if they had been patient 如果他们有耐心的话)
Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误完全能避免。（条件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一点的话）
Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you. 为什么你不告诉我？我会帮助你的。（条件可能是if you had told me about it
篇8：虚拟语气教案
一、语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：
1.直陈语气(The Indicative Mood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：
e.g.He has published quite anumber of essays this year.他今年已发表了好几篇论文。
2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：
e.g.Wait outside until you are asked.请在外面等候，请你进再进去。
Let's just take abreak,shall we?我们休息一会儿，好吗?
3.疑问语气(the interrogative mood)：用来提出问题
e.g.Where are from?
4.虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。
e.g.I wish you were more careful.但愿你更细心一些。
If Ihad more money,I would buy abigger apartment.
我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。
Would you mind shutting the door?劳驾您把门关上。
二、虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
三、真实性条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的.情况有可能发生,各种结构如下：
条件从句主句
一般现在时shall/will+动词原形
祈使句情态动词一般现在时
e.g.If he comes,he will bring his violin.如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
典型例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it_.
A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1.在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall,will.
(错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.
(对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.
2.表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
四、非真实条件句
1.虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移
2.
与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时(be用were)Would/should/could/might/ought to+动词原形1.If they werehere,they would help you.
2.if we had enough money,we would buy acomputer.
3.if Iwere you,I wouldn't do it.
4.if it rained tomorrow,we'd stay at home.
5.it would be odd if she were awarded the first prize.
与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词1.If he had come yesterday,I should have told him about it.
2.if Ihad been in her position I'd have quit.
3.if the weather hadn't been so bad,we might have gone out.
4.if he had apologized,you should have done so too.
5.I should never have done it if Ihadn't been so hard up.
与将来不大可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时/should/would
+动词原形Should/would/could/might/ought to+动词原形1.If you suc ceeded,everything would be all right.
2.If they invited me,I would certainly attend it.
3.if he went,would you go too?
与将来事实相反的假设were+不定式Should/would/could/might/ought to+动词原形1.if she were to lose her place they would be ruined.
2.if you were to speak to him,it would carry more weight.
五、混合条件句(也叫：错综时间条件句)
有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句
e.g.
1.If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)
2.If it had rained last night(过去),it would be very cold today(现在).如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
3.if you'd listened to me,you wouldn't be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会这样麻烦了
4.if it hadn't been for her care,I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是她照顾我，我也不会在这里和你讲话
5.If the doctor had come in time,any would still be alive.如果医生及时赶到，AMY现在还活着。
六、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有：
1.定语从句和状语从句
e.g.anyone who had married such agirl as she would have been regretful.谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的
help was promised where it should become necessary.要是需要的话就答应给予帮助
2.介词及介词短语but that,as though,once,but for,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,as if,on condition that,in the past等
e.g.but for his pension,he would starve.要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了
without your help,I couldn't have achieved all this.要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就
with his aid,you would succeed.如果有了他的帮助，你就会成功。
plants would die without water on the earth.地球上如果没有水，植物就会死的
but for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago.要是没有雾的话，我们很早就到目的地了
under more favourable conditions we could have finished the task.如果条件对我们更有利，我们就会把工作完成得更好
3.连词otherwise,or,but e.g.he would have given you more help,but he has been so busy.他本来要多给你一些帮助，只是他太忙了
seize the chance,otherwise you would regret it.如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的
he felt very tired yesterday,or he would have helped you.他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的
4.通过分词短语表示条件
e.g.Given more time,we could have done it better.
Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence.使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果
5.用动词不定式表示条件
e.g.It would be amistake not to help him.
She would have done anyghing to make amends.她会做任何事来弥补
特殊情况：情态动词在日常用语中用得很多，使句子显得比较委婉；这类谓语算不算虚拟语气很难说，但有两点是肯定的：
一是它们不受时态的影响，虽然形式接近过去式，却常指现在的情况，而且和虚拟语气在形式上一致，在不少情况下几乎可以说是一种含蓄的虚拟条件句；
二是它们不表示事实，常带有主观色彩，因而使句子显得很委婉。
e.g.I should think that might be agood solution.
could Itrouble you with aquestion?
could you lend me some money?
would you mind taking part?
would you like some tea?
七、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1.虚拟语气用在would rather，would(just)as soon，would sooner，would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
e.g.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。
You don't have to be in such ahurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。
I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
Frankly speaking，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不做。
Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?
注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形e.g.I would rather stay at home today.
②would rather...than...中用动词原形e.g.I would rather stay at home than go out today.
2.在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,
insist+(should)do e.g.I suggest that we(should)hold ameeting next week.我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he(should)be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错：(错)You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对)I insisted that you were wrong.
3.wish的用法
篇9：解读虚拟语气
解读虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一，考生应该熟练掌握。下面从五个方面介绍虚拟语气的用法。第一部分：语气的定义和种类
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气
第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第四部分：条件句中的虚拟语气
第五部分：其他几种情况下的虚拟语气
第一部分：语气的定义和种类
1 语气(mood)
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类
⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的'，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：
①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？
③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！
⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：
①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气
一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：
⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！
⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
（7）May the world be filled with love! 让世界充满爱！
2、用动词原形。例如：
(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！
(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）
(1).God save me．
(2).Heaven help us．
四、表命令
1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)
(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些习惯表达中。如：
(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：
从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：
1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept
动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：
从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)
四）、注意：
1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：
I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order
表示“主张”的：maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist
例如：
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动
篇10：虚拟语气讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类
1 语气(mood)
语气是动词的`一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类
⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：
①there are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？
③how good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！
⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：
①never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：
①if i were a bird, i could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②i wish i could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③may you succeed!祝您成功！
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气
一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：
⑴.would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？
⑵.it would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、may good luck be yours!祝你好运！
⑵、may you be happy!祝你快乐！
⑶、may you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
⑷、may you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、may the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、may you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。例如：
(1).long live the people! 人民万岁！
(2).“god bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
(3).have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
【虚拟语气5--虚拟语气的其它表达形式】相关文章：
1.虚拟语气语法
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