虚拟语气语法
“吴宗立”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇虚拟语气语法，这次小编在这里给大家整理后的虚拟语气语法，供大家阅读参考。
篇1：虚拟语气语法讲解
语 法 讲 解
--虚拟语气
英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.
If I were you, I would work hard.
2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.
If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.
3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)
If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)
（2）省略if的虚拟语气
如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?
If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.
(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。
Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.
He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.
(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。
If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.
二． 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。
① 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.
② 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.
③ 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.
It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.
It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.
It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
① wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形
I wish it were spring all year round.
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
She wished she had stayed at home.
② 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.
The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.
P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.
3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.
三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用
1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）
主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）
主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）
He talks as if he knew all about it.
She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.
He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.
P.S.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。
This is the first time that I have been here.
3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。
Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）
Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）
I’d rather he didn’t go now.
I’d rather you hadn’t done it.
4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。
5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’
He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.
（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）
虚拟语气练习题精选
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be
11. _____ today, he _would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the rain.
A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”
--- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have B. will C. do D. had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
21.09安徽 But for their help, we ______ the program in time.
A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished
22.09江苏 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.
A . could express. B.. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must have expressed.
23. 09浙江. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t. B. couldn’t. C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
24.09福建. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win. D. would have won.
25.09重庆. ----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
----She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be. B. should have been. C. must be. D. might have been.
篇2：语法重点之二：虚拟语气
第一部分：语气的定义和种类
1 语气(mood)
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类
⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：
①there are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？
③how good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！
⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：
①never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：
①if i were a bird, i could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②i wish i could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③may you succeed!祝您成功！
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气
一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：
⑴.would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？
⑵.it would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、may good luck be yours!祝你好运！
⑵、may you be happy!祝你快乐！
⑶、may you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
⑷、may you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、may the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、may you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。例如：
(1).long live the people! 人民万岁！
(2).“god bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
(3).have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）
(1).god save me．
(2).heaven help us．
四、表命令
1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(simple present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。
(1). work !
(2). work harder !
(3). be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词be)
(4). you go out !
(5). do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)
(6). don’t be afraid. (口语中常用don’t 代替do not)
五、在一些习惯表达中。如：
(1).you’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).i’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
第三部分：复合句中的虚拟语气
一、虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。例句：
1.表示与现在事实相反
if i had enough money now ， i would lend it to you.
if i were you ， i would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.
2.表示与过去事实相反
if he had taken your advice ， he wouldn‘t have made such a bad mistake.
she would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn‘t been very busy.
3.表示与将来事实相反
i would go shopping with you if it were to be sunday tomorrow.
if he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.
1.虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：
had i been（= if i had been ） in that situation， i would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
should there be （= if there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2.错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。例如：
if we hadn‘t been working hard in the past few years ， things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
if the party hadn ‘t led the chinese people to liberate the country，chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.
3.含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with， otherwise， without， but for， in that position ）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
but for the help from you ， i would not have had the chance to go to college.
i would never mind you making such loud noises， but， you see， my baby is in a deep sleep.
it was so quiet ； you could have heard a pin drop.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
（一）should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：
he suggests that she should leave the house at once.
the leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.
he proposed that we （should） deal with the problem by the view of development.
2.与suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
the general sent the order that the battle（should） be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.
my proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3.在it is/was suggested （ordered ， demanded ， proposed ， etc. ） 结构以及necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
it‘s requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
it is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.
（二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish ， would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
he wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
i would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if， as though引导的从句。如：
the little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
he acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3.由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：
if only i had passed the test ！
if only it stopped raining！
4. it is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：
it is time we went out for a walk.
it was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
虚拟语气大致上就谈这些了。
篇3：英语虚拟语气的语法
三、将来时：
if 从句：①should/shall do
②were to do
③did/were
篇4：英语虚拟语气的语法
6
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
(一)形式 注：
1.在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you...
2.主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。 例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反) 例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反) 例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)
(二)省略/倒装 如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。 注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是： If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it b
篇5：英文语法杂谈：虚拟语气
英文语法杂谈(2)：虚拟语气
虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)
五
5.2 除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的.后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，谓语用：
“should + 动词原形”表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：
* suggest (建议)，recommend (推荐)，advise (劝告)，propose (建议)
* insist (坚持)，consent (允诺)
* decide (决定)，order (命令)
* request (要求)，demand (要求)，desire (期望)，ask (要求)
* maintain (主张)，urge (催促)
1. I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.
(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)
2. The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.
(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)
3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.
(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持，无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！)
4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.
(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)
5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week bthemselves.
(ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：
下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should + 动词原形"”表示虚拟语气：
* demand (要求)，desire (请求)，requirment (要求)
* advice (劝告)，recommendation (建议)，suggestion (建议)
* order (命令)
* necessity (必要地)，preference (优先)
* proposal (计划)，plan (计划)，idea (办法)
1. The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.
(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)
2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
(idea，should + get) (表示做出主意)
3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
(proposal，should + hold) (表示做出计划)
七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
句型：It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that …… +should + 动词原形……
句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural，should+动词原形do)
常用的形容词：
* natural (自然的)，appropriate (适当的)，advisable (合适的)，preferable (更
可取的)，better (更好的)
* nece
篇6：英文语法杂谈：虚拟语气
英文语法杂谈(1)：虚拟语气
虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)
如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的`呢？
1. I wish I were a bird.
2. We request that you be here tomorrow.
也许你会说：“哈哈，第一句的I were 错了，应该是I was；而第二句中的you be是什么东东呀？不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be？！”
其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为“假设语气”，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点，Subjunctive Mood中文译作“虚拟语气”，似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。
一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)
虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he, she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 现在时态(Simple Present)
I work ---- I work
you work ---- you work
he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是work，不是works)
she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔）
it works ---- it work (同样不是it works 喔)
we work ---- we work
they work ---- they work
1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous)
I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be，怪怪的!)
you are working ---- you be working
he is working ---- he be working
she is working ---- she be working
it is working ---- it be working
we are working ---- we be working
they are woring ---- they be working
1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect)
I have worked ---- I have worked
you have worked ---- you have worked
he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)
she has worked ---- she have worked
it has worked ---- it have worked
we have worked ---- we have worked
they have worked ---- they have worked
1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous)
I have been working ---- I have been working
you have been working ---- you have been working
he has been working ---- he have been working (是he have, 不是he has )
she has been workin
【虚拟语气语法】相关文章：
8.语法和词汇考点详解----虚拟语气 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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10.英文语法
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