短文改错的教学设计
“一捧鸡米花”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了17篇短文改错的教学设计，下面小编给大家整理后的短文改错的教学设计，供大家阅读参考。
篇1：短文改错的教学设计
东亭中学 顾静芳
教学目标：通过高三后阶段 的专项复习，使学生在解题方法、技巧等方面有所提高，增强做改错的信心，以求在做高考的第五大部分能够得心应手，提高该部分的得分率。
教学方法：有易到难，有坡度，有层次，循序渐进，夹练夹析的互动，探究，任务型。
设计思路：从现象归纳到理论，到技巧、方法，到练习实践。
学情分析：经过对一模，二模该部分的得分情况分析，学生在解此部分题，只凭感觉，不会分析，同时学生对改错有畏难情绪，没有信心。
动词常见错误
1)时态不一致(And 等并列连词前后动词时态不一致)。
2)主谓不一致。
3)缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）。
4)主动语态与被动语态错用。
5)短语错用。
6)近义动词错用
Examples:
1We lost our way in the forest,what is worse, it began to rain.
2We lost our way in the forest,what is worse, it began to rain.
3.Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.（NMET93）
4.The time passed quickly. Evening came down.(NMET)
5. I was used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.(NMET97)
6.We fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.(NMET2002)
7. The librarian will let you know when the book you want has returned.(NMET94
8.By the way, when you come, please take your sister here
非谓语动词常见的错误
1）不定式
2）动名词作主语、宾语
3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时） 4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。
1. They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education
2. Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.(NMET
3. It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
4.It is hoped that all the world will pay attention to protect wild life. (NMET94)
5.About twenty people have passed the driving test,me including.(NMET95)
名词，数词的常见错误
1.单复数名词错用
2.形容词错用为名词，如： important-importance，different-difference，difficult---difficulty，interesting （interested）---interest，
4. 数词错用
1. We will get over the difficult we have building the bridge.
2. I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET)
3.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (NMET2002)
4. Two third of the students are from Europe.
形容词、副词的错误
1）修饰名词用形容词；
2）在系动词后作表语用形容词；
3）修饰实义动词，形容词，过去分词及整个句子用副词；
4）比较等级问题。
1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NMET96
2.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET98)
3.It was about noon when we arrived
at the foot of the mountain. The three
of them were very excited.
介词的错误
1.We practise for three times every week.
2. On the dark night,the girl could find nobody to turn for help.
3.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
冠词的错误
1. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher.(NMET)
2.We may be one family and live under a same roof.(NMET2001)
2. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(NMET2002)
3. The food was expensive and the service was good. (NMET2002)
连词.关系词.句子结构及逻辑错误
1.…but it didn’t matter that I would win or not.(NMET2000)
2.When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(NMET2000)
3.…she was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET2000)
4.The food was expensive and the service was good. (NMET2002)
5.I heard the news our school football team had won the match.
巩固练习. 单句
1.You can’t consider him a honest man.
2.In China,children usually start school at an age of seven.
3.People remember him for his contribution to the country.
4.Knowing is one thing; doing is other.
5.The ones what you decide not to keep can be traded with other people.
6.By the time when he was 15,he had become famous for his novel.
7.The bad news made us feel sadly.
8.The children learn to read and write, they play games as good.
9.He told me the fact which the earth goes round the sun.
10.Waving one’s hand can be accepted for crying for help.
11.He is the very person that set the theater in fire.
12.So far, he made a living by picking up wastes.
13.The students watch the game burst into laughter.
14.The church burned down yesterday date from the 18th century
15.Compare to 1992, the price of grain was increased about 50%
14.We should stop the children from play fire.
15.With a boy led the way,they started towards the village.
16.Whatever you do, and I’ll be right here waiting for you.
17.The young man dressed in blue are my brother.
18. I told him the fact which the earth goes round the sun.
巩固练习.综合
解题技巧
1. No context, no text. 通读全文，掌握大意;联系上下文;
2. 先易后难，正确的句子放在最后改;
3. 同一句子不能改动两个地方（词）;
4. 正确、规范使用批改符号。
Exercise :
Another problem is that good soil is gradual lost. 1_______
When trees is cut down,there is nothing to hold 2_______
the soil in the place on the hillside. So when it 3_______
rained,the soil is washed down the hills and into 4_______
the rivers.Strong winds can also blow out the 5_______
valuable soil lies on the top of the fields. 6_______
Exercise :
If you take care notice in some places,you will 1________
see the fact most smokers are young people and even 2________
some are middle school students.It is said that in 3________
China the number of the people smoked is about 4________
45%. Why is so many people smoke? Some think 5________
that smoking is pleasure,some believe that they 6________
can refresh them by smoking. In fact, smoking 7________
is a bad habit,that does great harm to people’s 8________
healthy. The study of smoking shows that many 9________
kinds of disease has something to do with smoking. 10______
小 结
做短文该错应采取三个步骤
1.通读短文，掌握大意
2.细读全文，逐一作答
3.复读全文，验证答案
篇2：短文改错解析
作者：文玉荣
(I)
If there are much more people in the world, then there 1. ________
must have more food to feed the people. But food is already 2. ________
a serious problem today. One-thirds of the world's population 3. ________
is starving, because there is not enough food. Ten thousand 4. ________
people die of the hunger every day in some parts of the world. 5. ________
So in other parts of the world, people become ill or die because 6. ________
they eat too much food, and they are too fat. Some country 7. ________
have no food, but others have too much, and they throw away. 8. ________
How can tomorrow's world feed its people? The world needs 9. ________
to produce more food than it is now. 10. ________
(II)
Nowadays, almost every family have a TV set, and almost 1. ________
everyone likes watching the TV. TV becomes part of our life. 2. ________
TV has many advantages, such as, it informs us the latest 3. ________
news that happened in the world; it can open our eye, 4. ________
enlarge our knowledge and also helps us to see more about the world. 5. ________
At the same time, it also has some disadvantages. People waste very 6. ________
much time in watching TV and their normal life and work are affect. 7. ________
To those children which spend too much time in watching TV, 8. ________
it can do harm for their sight and health. In a word, we should take 9. ________
the advantage of TV and control our time of watching TV. 10. ________
[答案与解析]
(I) 1. much→more。形容词的比较级修饰的中心词是可数名词people, 此时应该用many表示“... ... 得多”。
2. have→be。此处是“there be”句型。
3. One-thirds→One-third。分数词的构成规则是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子大于1时,在分母的序数词词尾加“s”。
4. 第一个is→are。本句的主语是指“三分之一的人口”,是复数概念,谓语动词应该用复数形式。
5. 去掉第一个the。此处的hunger表泛指,其前面不用定冠词。
6.So→But。此处表转折关系,与上句的“饿死”形成鲜明的对比。
7. country→countries。由句子的谓语动词have可知,此处的名词应该用复数形式。
8. throw后面加it。throw away是及物动词性质,应该有宾语。
9. 本行无错。
10. is→does。does指代的是动词produces。
(II)
1. have→has。family被every修饰,指单数,谓语动词用单数。
2. 去掉the。TV在此处表泛指, TV前面不用加定冠词。
3. us后面加of。inform sb. of sth.是固定词组。
4. eye→eyes。此处的名词应该用复数形式。
5. helps→help。open, enlarge 和help是三个并列的谓语动词。
6. very→too。too much修饰名词time,而very much是用来修饰动词的。
7. affect→affected。此处是被动语态。
8. which→who / that。先行词是children,指人,故关系代词应该用who或that。
9. for→to。 do harm to sb.是固定词组,意为“对某人有害”。
10. 本行无错。
(I)
Nowadays, many and more people like traveling, for it has 1. ________
many advantages. The first one is that they can both broaden 2. ________
our horizons and expand our scope of the knowledge. This is 3. ________
because when we visit different places, we would surely have 4. ________
different experiences, as meeting different people and 5. ________
taste different food. The second one is relaxation. After a 6. ________
long period of hard work, we need relax and rest. Only in 7. ________
this way can we renew ours energy. In addition, traveling can 8. ________
build our body, for when we travel, we might have to go on foot 9. ________
or climb mountain. This is a good form of exercise. 10. ________
(II)
My hometown has changed a lot of in the past five years. First, 1. ________
more high buildings have been appeared, which are modern and 2. ________
beautiful. Many overpasses have been set up, but it has become 3. ________
very conveniently for people to travel. Besides, many families 4. ________
have got cars of their own. People lives here have become 5. ________
rich and colorful. People can enjoy themselves traveling 6. ________
on holidays. In my delight, I can taste delicious food from 7. ________
different country such as the food of America, Japan and 8. ________
South Korea. And now, it is easier for me to keep touch 9. ________
with my friends as before, for I can email them from my office. 10. ________
【答案与解析】
(I) 1. many→more。more and more表示“越来越多的”。 2. they→it。it指代traveling。3. 去掉the。knowledge在此处表泛指,其前面不用定冠词。4. would→will。根据上下文的时态,此处应该用一般将来时态。5. as前加such。such as是固定词组,表示列举事物。6. taste→tasting。tasting和meeting是并列关系。7. relax前加to。need在此肯定句中是实义动词,后面接带to的动词不定式。8. ours→our。此处应该用形容词性物主代词作定语。9. 本行无错。10. mountain→mountains。此处的“山”表泛指,应该用名词的复数形式,或在mountain前加a。
(II) 1. 去掉of。a lot是副词性短语,在此处作状语;而a lot of作定语,后面应该有名词。2. 去掉been。appear是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。3. but→so。此处表因果关系。4. conveniently→convenient。形容词作表语。5. People→People's。此处应该用名词所有格作定语。6. 本行无错。7. In→To。to one's delight是固定词组,意为“令某人高兴的是”。8. country→countries。应该用复数形式来表达“不同的国家”。
9. keep后加in。keep in touch with是固定词组,意为“与......保持联系”。10. as→than。由上一行的easier可知,此处应该用than。
( I )
A survey basing on 1,000 students found that half of the pupils and 80% 1. ________
of the middle school students sleeps less than nine hours every night.
2. ________
And too many homework given by school teachers and parents is
3. ________
the main reason. Other reason lies in students' bad habits. Some
4. ________
students, for example, are absent-minded while doing his homework,
5. ________
and some waste their after-class time. The third reason is that some
6. ________
students have to get up early on weekdays to get school far away
7. ________
from home. Experts are calling at schools and parents to cut down on
8. ________
the amount of homework. And students should make a good use of their time. 9. ________
And it would be well if they could choose to study in a nearby school. 10. ________
( II )
Yesterday afternoon I went to the Summer Palace. It was happened that I saw 1. ________
a touched event. At that time, some people were boating on the lake. 2. ________
Among them was a family of three. They were taking photo 3. ________
while the girl fell off the boat into the river. She was struggling 4. ________
and her parents cried out, “Help! Help!” That was obvious that they
couldn't 5. ________
swim at all. From nearby, a young man immediately jumped into the water, 6. ________
without taking off his clothes. He quickly swam towards girl, 7. ________
that was already tired out. At last, he carried her to the bank. 8. ________
She was saved! How excited the parents were! They were too excited9. ________
and grateful to the young man that they don't know what to say. 10. ________
[答案与解析]
(I) 1. basing→based。过去分词作定语。 2. sleeps→sleep。本句的主语是pupils和students,谓语动词应该用复数。3. many→much。homework是不可数名词,应该用much修饰。 4. Other→Another。此处指“另一个”,而不是指“其它的”;others作定语时,常修饰复数名词。5. his→their。此处的代词指代前面的名词“students”,故用their。 6. 本行无错。 7. 第二个get后加to。get to意为“到达”。8. at→on。call on是固定词组,意为“号召”。 9. 去掉a。make good use of是固定词组,意为“充分利用”。
10. well→good。well作形容词用时,指“身体好”,用在此处不合适。
(II) 1. 去掉was。It happened that...意为“碰巧......”,happen是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。 2. touched→touching。 touched意为“感动的”,touching意为“令人感动的”。 3. photo→photos。根据语义判断,此处的名词应该用复数。 4. while→when。when在此处表示动作的突然性。 5. That→It。It作形式主语,that they couldn't swim at all是主语从句。 6. 本行无错。7. girl前加the。此处的girl表特指。8. that→who。who引导非限制性定语从句。 9. too→so。全句使用的是so...that...句型。10. don't→didn't。根据上文情景,此处应该用一般过去时态。
(I)
It was very fine when I got up on last Sunday morning. 1.________
So I decided to go for a walk and took some photos in the 2.________
beautiful country. After breakfast, I carried my camera with 3.________
me and set off. Everything went smooth. I enjoyed my trip 4.________
so much that I didn't realize the weather had been turned 5.________
bad. I began to run and it was too late. I was caught 6.________
at the rain and was wet through. I kept on running until 7.________
I get to a bus stop. I stood there waiting a long time for the 8.________
bus, shivering in cold. Shortly after I got home, I had 9.________
high fever, which made me stay in bed for a whole week! 10.________
(II)
My mother was born in a small town in Italian. She was three 1. ________
when her parents settle in the USA in 1926. They lived in 2. ________
Chicago, that my grandfather's work was making ice cream. 3. ________
At 16, my mother graduated a high school, went on to a 4. ________
secretarial school , and finally worked as secretary for a 5. ________
railroad company. She was beautiful. When a local photographer 6. ________
used some of her picture in his monthly window display, 7. ________
she was very happily. One of her favorite photos showed her 8. ________
sitting by Lake Michigan. My mother was used 9. ________
to say what she was the most beautiful in the town. 10. ________
[答案与解析]
(I) 1. 去掉on。名词被this, that, next, last等修饰后,其前面一般不用介词。 2. took→take。take与go是并列关系。 3. 本行无错。 4. smooth→smoothly。副词作状语,修饰went。 5.去掉been。turned在此处是系动词,不用被动语态。 6. and→but。此处表转折关系。7. at→in。表达“被雨淋了”时,常用短语be caught in the rain, 介词常用in。8. get→got。根据上下文,此处应该用动词的一般过去时态。9. in→with。shivering with cold意为“冻得浑身发抖”,介词with表示原因,意为“由于”。 10. high前加a。have a high fever是固定短语,意为“发高烧”。
(II) 1. Italian→Italy。此处应该用名词,表示国家“意大利”。2. settle→settled。由上下文可知,此处应该用动词的一般过去时态。 3. that→where。where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Chicago,where在定语从句中作状语,相当于in which。
4. graduated后加from。graduate是不及物动词,表达“毕业于某学校”时,graduate后应该用介词from。 5. secretary前加a。secretary是可数名词,其前面应该有冠词a。 6. 本行无错。7. picture→pictures。some of后的名词应该用复数形式,另外,下文也有提示,橱窗里陈列的照片不止一张。8. happily→happy。这里应该用形容词作表语。 9. 去掉was。本句使用的是“used to + 动词原形”,表达“过去常常......”。10. what→that。that引导宾语从句,that只起连接作用,that本身无词义。
(I)
The village was always very quiet. The people lived 1. ________
there were busy working in their many field during the day, 2. ________
and went to bed early at night, tiring after a long day's 3. ________
hard work. All of them had lived in a village 4. ________
for all their lives but had never left for less than 5. ________
one day at a time. When they did left, they had to get up 6. ________
early in the morning. They filled their carts of 7. ________
fruit, vegetables and sheep and went the market in the town. 8. ________
They returned back in the evening with things, perhaps 9. ________
presents for their children. That was their life. 10. ________
(II)
I have a very embarrassing experience this evening. 1. ________
I saw a man at a bus stop when I was on my way back 2. ________
home. Though I saw him from behind, but I was sure he was 3. ________
a friend of mine whom I hadn' t seen him for a long time. I gave 4. ________
him a tap on the shoulders with my umbrella and shouted to 5. ________
him at the same time. He turned round, completely taking by 6. ________
surprise. Unfortunately, he was my friend but a complete 7. ________
stranger. He was terribly embarrassed, for I didn't know 8. ________
how to explain him. I could only say in a low voice, “I'm so 9. ________
sorry, sir.” After that I walked away as quickly as possibly. 10. ________
[答案与解析]
(I) 1. lived→living或在lived前加who。此处应改为现在分词作定语或定语从句。2. field→fields。根据语义,此处应该用名词复数fields。 3. tiring→tired。 tired意为“劳累的”,而tiring意为“累人的”。4. a→the。此处的village是第二次出现,应该用定冠词表特指。 5. less→more。根据上下文语义,此处应该用not more than表示“不超过”。 6. left→leave。助动词did后应该用动词原形,did表强调。 7. of→ with。fill...with是固定短语。8. went后加to。他们车上装满了水果、蔬菜和羊,到镇上的市场上去卖。 9. 去掉back。return意为“返回”, back属于多余用词。10. 本行无错。
(II) 1. have→had。由下文可知,本篇短文叙述的是过去发生的事情,故用动词的一般过去时态。 2. 本行无错。3. 去掉but。 状语从句中使用了Though, 主句中就不能再用连词but。 4. 去 掉him。 whom在定语从句中作 hadn't seen的宾语,him属重复用词。 5. shoulders →shoulder。由 a tap可知,此处指在肩膀上拍了一下,shoulder应该用单数形式。 6. taking → taken。be taken by surprise是固定短语,意为“大吃一惊”。此处的taken是过去分词,该短语作状语。 7. was后加 not。由下文可知,是作者认错人了。 8. He→I。此处应表达“我很难堪”。 9. explain后加to。 表达“向某人解释”时,应该用explain to sb.。10. possibly → possible。 as...as possible是固定短语,意为“尽量......; 尽可能......”。
( I )
It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the sky. 1. ________
I went for boating by myself. I didn't take any friend with me 2. ________
because I wanted to be alone. I hired a boat and rowing slowly 3. ________
to a center of the lake. A fresh breeze was blowing, 4. ________
fish were swimming and birds were singing. While I reached 5. ________
the center, I took up the paddles(桨)and laid down in the boat. 6. ________
With the blue sky over me or green water around me, 7. ________
I was extremely relaxed. Over two hour passed in this way 8. ________
before I knew it. I came back home very lately. I didn't feel 9. ________
tired at all, for I had really had good time. 10. ________
( II )
In July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong walked on the surface of 1. ________
the moon. He saw that the ground was hard and there were 2. ________
lots of dust that looked as gray powder. He traveled from 3. ________
the earth in a spaceship calling ApolloⅡ. Then, while it stayed 4. ________
in the space and moved around the moon, he climbed into 5. ________
a small lunar module (登月舱). It brought him to the moon. 6. ________
He spent three hours pick up moon rocks. 7. ________
After that, he set equipment to measure the temperature 8. ________
and wind on the moon. After he finished his works, 9. ________
he planted an American flag in the ground. 10. ________
[答案与解析]
(I) 1. 本行无错。2. 去掉for。go doing是常用的固定词组。3. rowing → rowed。hired和rowed是由and连接的两个并列的谓语动词。4. a → the。center后面有限制性定语修饰,其前面应该用定冠词。5. While → When / As。当while引导时间状语从句时,从句中的谓语动词应该用延续性动词,而非终止性动词。 6. laid → lay。动词lie表“躺”时的过去式是lay, laid是动词lay的过去式。 7. or → and。此处并非表转折关系。 8. hour → hours。可数名词hour前有数词two的修饰,故名词应该用复数形式。 9. lately → late。副词late意为“晚”;副词lately意为“近来”。 10. good前加a。have a good time为固定词组。
(II) 1. In → On。在表示具体的日期前,应该用介词on。2. were → was。dust是不可数名词,谓语动词应该用单数。 3. as → like。look like是固定词组,意为“看起来像”。 4. calling → called。该分词与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,故此处用过去分词作定语。 5. 去掉第一个the。space前一般不用冠词。 6. brought → took。此处指“带去”,而不是“带来”。 7. pick → picking。spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定句型。 8. set后面加up。set up是固定词组,意为“安放”。 9. works → work。 work意为“工作”时,是不可数名词。10. 本行无错。
篇3：六级短文改错注意事项
短文改错（error correction）属主观题型，要求考生在15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。
一、改错形式有以下三类:
1.错词（words mistaken）。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。
2.缺词（words missing）。在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。
3.多词（words redundant）。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。
改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。
二、短文改错的命题考点：
一）上下文语义方面的错误
1.反义词。这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有:①派生反义词。如: encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等。②互补性反义词。如: dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等。③换位性反义词。如: buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child， left-right等。④相对性反义词。如: easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等。⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。
2.连接性词语。连接性词语虽属传统的语法题，但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括:
①并列连词。如: and，but，for，or等。②主从连词。这类词较多，如: because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等。③连接性副词。如: however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等。④连接性介词。如: because of，despite，besides，instead of等。
二）用法搭配方面的错误
1.介词。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是考生最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破，考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中，请注意从以下几个方面辨认。①介词与动词的搭配。如: accuse sb.of， charge sb. with， prevent sb. from， prohibit sb.from， differ from， contribute to等。②介词与名词的搭配。如: count on，influence on， improve on， belief in， confidence in， advantage over， preference over， attitude to， solution to等。③介词与形容词的搭配。如: different from， indifferent to， dependent on， independent of， guil
ty of， innocent of， persistent in， proficient in等。
④由介词引起的短语。如: in contrast，in turn，in the long run，by means of，in terms of，on good/bad terms with，on the contrary，by chance，by turns等。
2.成语。短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语，尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。①介词错误。如: take pride for（→in），abide to（→by），persist on（→in），have no ear to（→for）等。②冠词错误。如: in the contrast（in contrast）， all of sudden（all of a sudden）， keep a pace with（keep pace with）等。③名词单复数。如: take turn（take turns）， make friend with（make friends with）， keep/break one's words（keep/ break one's word）等。
三）动词方面的错误
这方面的错误主要涉及:
1.分词。主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如: a puzzled question→a puzzling question an exciting girl→an excited girl
2.系动词。
①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如: the meal smells badly.→the meal smells bad.
②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid，alive，aware，conscious，guilty，worth等。
3.动词的及物与不及物。改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词（缺介词），或及物动词被误用作不及物动词（多介词）。前者如: complain the bad service there（应加of）后者如: consider of his suggestion（应删of）
4.短语动词。主要是带介词或副词的短语动词，常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题，我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。
5.句型。这类错误主要涉及:
①动词句型。主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如: find it neccessary to do sth. /spend sometime（in）doing sth. /make sb.do sth. /leave sth.to sb. /be seen to do/doing sth.等。
②传统句型。即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类: a）省略句型。如:
while watch tv，they heard someone upstairs shout“fire!fire!”（watch →watching）
b）动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: this is no good arguing with him.（this→it）
we think that necessary to have the bridge built first.（that→it）
在复合宾语中，有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语，但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如:
the new policy made to make our ends meet possible.（to make→making） know only the rules is not enough.（knows→knowing或to know）
6.语气、语态、时态。这类错误在数量上所占比例极少，主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。
四）其他语法方面的错误
1.词性。涉及:①名词与动词的误用。如: approval——approve，sale——sell ②名词与形容词的误用。如: medicine——medical/ medicinal， emotion——emotional③形容词与副词的误用。如: high——highly，mere——merely
这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。如: feel badly→feel bad， grow uneasily→grow uneasy
2.代词。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及:
①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。
②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用;
③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如:
find this important to preview the lesson（这里的this应改为形式宾语it）。
④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用;somone/sombody、everyone/everybody被误用作复数指代;some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。
3.名词的数。这类错误主要涉及:①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆;②需用复数时误用单数;③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如: find a work→find a job 2 woman doctors→2 women doctors these phenomenon→these phenomena
4.冠词。主要为:①该用冠词时漏用;②不该用冠词时赘用;③the与a/ an误用;④a与an混用。如: tell truth→tell the truth give a rise to→give rise to a“s”sign→an“s”sign
5.主谓一致。这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中，要特别小心。常见以下几种情况:
①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:
the child，being taken care of by its grandparents，are deaf and mute.（are →is）
②倒装句:
standing in a line along the corridor is3groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.（is→are）
③定语从句:
the book many students found interesting that were written by a famous american scientist came out only last month.（were→was）
④特殊句型:
there are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.（第一个are→is）
6.形容词、副词及其比较级。形容词和副词的错误设计主要为:①两者的词性混淆;②比较级错误。前者已在前面词性部分论及，后者主要涉及比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。如:
my first daughter's eyes are a little larger than my second daughter.（→second daughter's）
五）近形近义类错误
1.近形。主要指在拼写上容易混淆的单词。如:
adapt-adopt，crash-crush，confirm-conform，desert-dessert，formal-former，ingenious-ingenuous，instance-instant，personal-personnel，principal -principle，stationary-stationery等。
2.近义。主要指词义概念相近的词。如:
besides-except，doubt-suspect，discover-invent，efficient-effective，noise-voice
3.近形近义。主要指词义概念和拼写上都容易相混的单词。这类错误比近形或近义较多见，相对难度也略大，这样的单词有:
across-cross，affect-effect，econimic-economical，emigrate-immigrate， historic-historical，continual-continuous，assure-ensure-insure-sure，late -later-lately-latest-latter，medical-medicinal，rise-arise-raise-arouse， technique-technology等。
三、解题方法
1.三步法解题:
（1）通读全文，了解全文大意和主题;
（2）找错并改正;
（3）通读全文，核对检验。
2.在短文改错过程中，还须遵循以下步骤:
（1）在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置;
（2）确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误; （3）在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误（注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词）;
（4）注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误;
（5）若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。
例：
one major decision which faces the american student ready to begin higher education is the choice of attending a large university or a small college.the large university
(provides wide range of specialized departments,as well numerous) 1.____
courses within such departments.the small college， (therefore，generally provides a limited number of) 2.____ (courses and specializations but offer a better student-faculty) 3.____
(ratio,thus permit individualized attention to students.) 4.____
because of its large student body（often exceeding 20,000）(consisting in many people from different countries,) 5.____
the university exposes its students to many different (culture，social and out-of-calss programmes. on the other) 6.____
hand，the smaller，more homogeneous（同类的）student
(body of the big college affords greater opportunities in)7.____
such activities. finally，the university closely approximates
(the real world and which provides a relaxed，impersonal，)8.____
and sometimes anonymous（隐姓埋名的）existence.on
(the contrast,the intimate atmosphere of the small college) 9.____
allows the student four years of structural living in which
(to expect and preparing for the real world.in making his) 10.____
choice among educational institutions the student must， therefore，consider a great many factors.
这是一篇比较综合性大学与一般学院的不同特点的说明文，从学生入学前对两类大学的选择这个角度阐述，以比较对照方式展开，共三个要点:①课程设置;②学生的社会、文化活动;③生活环境与气氛。
把握了短文的这些内容和特点后，我们应预测到短文中有较多互为反义的词语。可在改错时多加关注，现逐题解析如下:
71.as well→as well as，缺词题。属固定短语，as well as是连接性介词短语，as well可能出现在名词短语前。
72.therefore→however，错词题。连词错误，这题位于短文的第一个要点:课程设置方面两类大学的不同，要用到表示对照关系的转折词。
73.offer→offers，句子结构方面的错误。动词offer通过连词but与provides平行，同时受主语the small college支配。
74.permit→permitting，动词非谓语形式同时又是句子结构方面的错误。这里的permit与上一行的offer在句子结构上相互干扰，使不少考生陷入圈套，但如果两者在同一句法层次上的话，则permit前必须有并列连词，因为它是并列中的最后一项（语法规则:多项并列之最后两项之间必须有并列连词），由此可知两动词不是并列关系，连接性副词thus（或hence）前若没有并列连词，则其后面的动词一定是用现在分词，表示结果。
75.consisting in→consisting of，短语动词及介词搭配。根据上下文语义，这里应是“由…组成”而不是“在于”，故应当是consist of。
76.culture→cultural，并列结构与词性错误。上下文语义应是“使学生接触许多不同的文化、社会和课外活动”。
77.big→small，反义词。根据上下文，显然college属于小的学院。
78.删去and或which，多词题。句子结构及定语从句方面的错误。which 前有and，表示前面还必须有一与之并列的定语从句，但没有。故删去and，使which从句作real world的定语:让真实世界（作provides的逻辑主语）提供学生一种轻松的、非人格的、有时几乎是隐姓埋名的生活方式。或删去which，使provides与approximates并列。根据语义，这一改法比删去and更合逻辑。但两种改法都不算错。
79.on the contrast→on the contrary，固定短语用词错误。这题好多考生把介词on改成了in，主要想到了短词in contrast，但不能同时再删the，故无法以这一方式改动。
80.preparing→prepare，平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注:同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改作prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。
篇4：高考短文改错分析
高考短文改错分析
文章旨在用语料库的方法来研究高考短文改错的真实性,要考察的49种错误中,只有21中出现在高考命题中,而这21项的`比例也普遍比在语料库中的高.结果表明,高考改错题从整体上能代表中学生的常犯错误.
作 者：白雅 李自新 BAI Ya LI Zi-xin 作者单位：白雅,BAI Ya(河南财经学院,河南郑州,450000)李自新,LI Zi-xin(河南工业大学,外语学院,河南郑州,450052)
刊 名：郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版） 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF ZHENGZHOU INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT(SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION) 年，卷(期)： 27(6) 分类号：H31 关键词：真实性 短文改错 语料库篇5：浅谈短文改错做题方法
浅谈短文改错做题方法
在近年的`高等学校招生全国统一考试中,英语测试卷都设置有短文改错题.它主要考查学生学习语言、运用语言的综合能力.它的分值也由以前的10分增加到15分.可见平时加大短文改错的练习是必须也是必要的.怎样才能帮助学生摆脱“做短文改错难”的困境呢?笔者就改错做题方法提出一些建议,浅谈一些体会.
作 者：李艳玲 作者单位：黄骅中学,河北・黄骅,061100 刊 名：科教文汇 英文刊名：EDUCATION SCIENCE & CULTURE MAGAZINE 年，卷(期)： “”(7) 分类号：G633.4 关键词：短文改错 做题方法与技巧 整体把握篇6：高中英语短文改错技巧
体裁和句式：
体裁以记叙文为主，句子结构以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。从近几年考试题来看，短文改错的句子平均长度趋于平稳，由于多数句子不是只占一行，所以只有读完整个句子，仔细分析，才能发现错误、纠正错误。但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。这就需要考生在这个句子中判断出二到三个地方有错或无错，增加了试题的难度。 归纳短文改错错误类型:
（一） 词法的测试
1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
eg: 1） I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。
2） Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。
3） Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名词应用复数形式。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
1）He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.
2）This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改
错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a（n）却用了the.
1） I meant to write letter and tell you all the things? letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.
2） I like playing the football. 去the
3） He is a honest boy. a改为an
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配， 介词惯用词组等是否正确。
1） I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.
2） ?I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的`”。故应将in改为 of.
3） Under the help of my father, I ? under 改为 with
4） He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on
5. 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误
用也是常考的改错项目之一。
1） I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名
2） These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.（NMET）
此处有I’ve ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.
3） You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.
4） These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题
平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as等。
1） As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。
2） The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，
所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。
1） 动词的时态、语态错误
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing改为 play; for 改为with
2） 易混动词使用错误
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。
3） 非谓语动词使用错误
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic. 在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.;
keep sb. （sth）.doing sth. ;keep ?from doing? 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country. to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.
8. 词语固定搭配:
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1） My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.
2） In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3） I thought that was dull to watch a game?（NMET）
此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。
4） ?the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：not only? but also?为固定结构，故将and 改为but.
5） I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty （in） doing sth.为固定结构
6） He spends too much time play games. spend some time （in） doing sth.为固定结构
篇7：英语短文改错解题技巧
一、先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯等等。
二、综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：
1. 名词单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。
如：they take him lots of good book and fresh fruit.(.陕西卷) 此处book改为books. book前用lots of修饰，应用复数。
2. 动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。
如：The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone.(2009全国卷I)把were改为are。根据上文可知饭店和鱼店消失都陈述的是现在的情况。
3. 形容词副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词where， when， why等的缺失或错用。
如：He has a comfortable room， patiently nurses， and a great deal of time to read. (2009.陕西卷)此处patiently改为 patient.修饰名词nurses，用形容词。
4. 介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。
5. 主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
6. 冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a， an的混用，特别注意：hour， honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头，故用an，而useful， university， European， one—hour等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却以辅音音素开头，故用a。
篇8：英语短文改错解题技巧
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改为do，错误类型属于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改为were，错误类型属于③)
2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改为subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)
4. 冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the，thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)
5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)
破-解英语语法填空题技巧
1.有提示词填空的解题技巧
① 给出的提示词是名词:要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。
② 给出的提示词是动词:要认真分析句子的结构,理解句子的意思。
a. 如果填空处是谓语,要考虑时态、语态和动词的第三人称单数;
b. 如果填空处是非谓语,根据对句子成分的分析和对语境的理解,要考虑填to do、doing还是done,同时,也要考虑该动作发生时间的先后以及与主语的关系(是主动关系还是被动关系),并填写相应的形式;
c. 在平时的模拟题中,有时还要根据句意填写该动词的名词形式,甚至是形容词或者副词形式。
③ 给出的提示词是形容词:一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和高级形式,同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。
④ 给出的提示词是副词:与形容词类似,要考虑其比较级和高级形式以及是否加前缀、后缀,同时也不能忽视其形容词形式。
⑤ 给出的提示词是人称代词:要考虑其与相应意思的形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词的转换,值得注意的是,当填空处缺宾语且其与主语是同一人或物时才用反身代词,其它情况要慎用。
【总结】有提示词填空主要考查的角度有:名词单复数、词性转化、形容词和副词的比较级和高级变化、动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的各种形式、代词之间的转化。
2. 无提示词填空的解题技巧
① 代词:这类设空比较少,通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词(通常是指示代词),这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了,在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词;
② 冠词:如果设空处后面是名词,那么可以考虑是否要填冠词,再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指,并填上合适的冠词,当然,在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词,这就要同学们做好积累了;
篇9： 短文改错的解题技巧
关于短文改错的解题技巧
一、短文改错命题规律分析
（一）考查表现英语学科显著特点的曲折附加成分。
英语学科的显著特点是指拼音文字所特有的表现形式，如动词的曲折变化，名词的曲折变化，代词的曲折变化，形容词副词比较等级的的曲折变化等。
A.动词的曲折变化。
英语动词多变的外在形式，包括动词现在时第三人称单数，动词过去时，过去分词，现在分词及动名词等，在这一类型的命题占相当比例，一般为5处左右,应切实引起重视。
B.名词复数的曲折变化。
C.代词的曲折变化。
D.形容词，副词比较等级的曲折变化。
E.词性的变化。
（二）考查学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。
（三）考查学生在运用英语过程中可能出现的`错误，如：忽视句意的逻辑关系；忽视近似词语的差异；多用汉语表达中有而英语表达中无的词；忽视词与词，句与句的并列或从属关系。
二、短文改错解题步骤与技巧
1、通读全文，把握大意。
短文改错不同于单词改错，它涉及逻辑行文错误，及句子与句子之间必要的联系。单独看可是对的，但从整体看却与上下文不符，因此，事先必须通读全文，把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系。
2、记住多，漏，错及正确项命题的数量比例。在短文改错中正确项一般只有一个，多项1到2个，漏项1到2个，错项5个左右。这一特点
告诉我们应从哪些方面去发现错误，怎样改正错误。
3、分句阅读，从以下几个方面去发现问题。
（1）实词的曲折变化，如动词的时态，语态变化，现在时第三人称单数形式变化，非谓语动词的形式变化，名词的单复数变化，代词与格的变化，形容词，副词比较等级的变化等。
（2）冠词，不定式符号，不定代词等一些名词前的限定词是否多用，少用或错用。
（3）句子中的平行现象以及上下文中的一致现象。
（4）表示肯定与否定，全否定与部分否定，转折，让步，因果关系的词是否用得恰当，是否影响了句子与句子之间的逻辑关系。
4、复读全文，消除疏忽。
做完后，应把改正后答案放在短文中去复读一遍，一查是否通顺恰当，二查该加符号的地方是否用了该用的符号，以保证答题的准确率。
篇10：高考复习短文改错精选
试题预览
高考复习短文改错精选12篇
1.
Dear Editor,
I’m the only daughter of my parents. So they worried 1.__________
about everything I do. For example, when I ride my bike, my 2.__________
parents won’t let me to ride by myself. They are afraid I might3.__________
fall off from my bike and hurt myself. They are taking great trouble 4.__________
to support a bike, with my mother even carrying a first-aid box. 5.__________
I’m not free to ride and I often say angry, “Why not let me ride alone?” 6.__________
Now, most family have one child. Parents want to do everything 7.__________
For their children. This does no good to them. Too many love from 8.__________
Parents may prevent children from independent. In my opinion,9.__________
Parents should let their children do that they should do alone. 10._________
KEYS: 1. worried---worry 2. V 3. 去掉to 4. 去掉from 5. a---the 6. angry---angrily
7. family---families 8. many---much 9.from后加being 10. that---what
2.
My friend Paul will never forget his chemical teacher. 1.___________
He was a little man with thick glasses, and he had 2 .___________
A strange way of making his classes live and interesting.3 .___________
And his lessons were not easily forgotten.
Paul remembers one of his first lesson from his teacher. 4.____________
After all the students were in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought 5._____________
Out three bottles. One was full with petrol, one with castor oil and 6._____________
One with vinegar. “Now watch carefully,” said the teacher.
He filled a cup with some the petrol, some of the castor oil7._____________
And some of the vinegar. As the students watched him, he mixes the 8._____________
Three together. After that, he held up one his fingers and showed to the 9._____________
Class. He then dipped it into the cup and said “ You must do everything
as I do it.” 10.____________
KEYS: 1. chemical---chemistry 2. and ---but 3. live---lively 4.lesson---lessons 5. V
6. full---filled 7. some后加of 8. mixes---mixed 9. showed后加it 10. 去掉it
3.
I was used to complain about my English teacher 1.___________
for her bad English. I was also tired with her teaching methods, 2.___________
it were always slow and boring. However, my attitude towards3.___________
her began to change after one afternoon. It was raining4.___________
heavily and I didn’t attend to school. Around 5:30 pm I received 5.___________
a phone call. “ Are you all right?” asked my English teacher in quiet 6.___________
voice. On hearing his words, I was shocked and my mind was 7.___________
flooded with mixing feelings. She was showing her concern 8.___________
for me, though I have not been happy with her! Was she just 9.___________
acting, and should I smooth away my past misunderstanding of her? 10.___________
KEYS: 1.去掉was 2. with---of 3. it---which 4.V 5. 去掉to/attend---go 6. in后加a
7. his---her 8.mixing---mixed 9.have---had 10.and---or
4.
Yesterday my family went to Nanchang because of1.
my grandmother had a birthday. This year he is seventy years old. 2.
In the morning we went there by car and then we went 3.
to the photo studio. There we all put down the clothes like 4.
the Tang Dynasty’s and take a family picture. 5.
At noon, we entered into a restaurant, and we each ordered6.
the long life noodles and another foods that must be prepared, 7.
Then I began to congratulate my grandmother in her birthday. 8.
I wished my grandmother good health and long life. After our
lunch, we came back. 9.
How a wonderful day we had! 10.
KEYS: 1.去掉of 2. he ---she 3. V 4. down-on 5. take-took
6.去掉into 7. another-other 8. in-on 9.and 后加a 10. How-What
5
Today, my mother comes to my school to visit me, because 1.
the weather turned very cold. She took come clothes for me 2. &nb
篇11：短文改错练习.(新课标版高三英语教案教学设计)
一
（A）
One afternoon my father and I go fishing on a 76.______________
riverside. We found the water was very dirty that 77.______________
we could not see the bottom. We also found some 78.______________
rubbish or dead fish flowing on the water. That 79.______________
afternoon, my father and I caught only a smaller fish. 80.______________Why do the fish in the river die? That was because 81.______________of a lot of factories along the river always 82.______________poured its waste water and rubbish into the river 83.______________
and the water got polluting（污染）. Thus, most of the 84.______________fish in the river killed. 85.______________
（B）
Ken is a young man and have a big dog and a small 86.____________ car. Last Sunday he did some shopping for hour in a 87____________ shop and then ran out and jump into a car. His dog 88.____________ came after him, but it jumped into the next one. 89.____________ Ken saw it and shouted it, but the dog still stayed 90.____________
in that car. Ken gave his key into the lock of the car, 91.____________
but the key couldn't turn on. Ken looked at the car 92.____________
again. It was not him! He was in the wrong car,93.____________
when the dog was in the right one! At last the young 94.____________
man was smiled and got into his car with the dog. 95.____________
答案：
76. go→went 77.very→so 78.√ 79.or→and 80.smaller→small 81. do→did 82. 删去第一个 “of” 83. its→their 84.polluting→polluted 85.∧were 86. has 87. hours/an hour 88. jumped 89. √ 90. at 91. put 92. on. 93. his94. while 95. was
短文改错2
Dear Elli，
I’m a senior student. I like making friend with 76. ____
people and I do my best to get on well for everyone. 77. ____
But in last week I found that one of my friends 78. ____
wrote in her English diary that she dislikes me. 79. ____
He doesn’t want to be my friend any more. Now 80. ____
she has started making fun of me because of I’m 81. ____
fat. I am kind to her but why can’t she be friend 82. ____
towards me? My other problem is trying to lose weight. 83. ____
Do I do more exercises? Use pills? And do you 84. ____
know any other way？Please give me some advices. 85. ____
Yours,
Mary
76. friend→friends 77. for→with 78. 去掉 in 79. dislikes→disliked 80. He→She 81. 去掉第二个of 82. friend→friendly 83. √ 84. And→Or 85. advices→advice
短文改错3
Something about the Internet
We are all busy talking about and use the Internet 86．______
which set up in the l960s． At first, the Internet was only 87．______
used by the government, but in the early l970’s, the banks, 88．______
universities and hospitals were allowed to use them , too． 89．______
However, computers were still very expensive but the 90．______
Internet was difficulty to us. By the start of the 1990s, 91．______
computers become cheaper and easier． 92．______
Today it’s easy to get on-line and it’s said that millions 93．______
people use the Internet every day． Send E-mail is more and 94．______
more popular among students． It has now become one of the 95．______
most important parts of people’s life
86．use→using 87．which 后加was 88．去掉banks前的the 89．them→it 90．but→and 91．difficulty→difficult 92．become→became 93．millions 后加of 94．Send→Sending 95．√
短文改错4
Jimmy was only eight years. He wanted to learn 1．________
to play the piano. So his mother found the teacher 2．________
for him. At first Jimmy was happy with the 3．________
teacher because he was too strict with him. He decided 4．________
to leave him, but his mother explained him that 5．________
if the teacher made the lessons too easily and 6．________
allow him to do as he wished, he would never learn 7．________
nothing. After thinking about this a few minutes, 8．________
Jimmy thought of that his mother was quite right. Then 9．________
the teacher taught him in two years. 10．________
．1．去掉years或将其后加old 2．the-a3．was后加not 4．√5．explained后加 to 6．easily-easy7．allow-allowed 8．nothing-anything 9．去掉of 10．in-for
短文改错5
Mr Smith, a strong man worked in a bank in England, 76__________
suddenly fell ill in last week. After some examination, his 77__________
doctor said the terrible pain was in his stomach was probably 78__________
cause by some disease. But Mr Smith believed he must have eaten 79_______
something unfit to him. Then some day Mr Smith thought 80_________
of the chemical factory which he had worked. It stood right on 81_________
the seaside. Poison flowed into the sea. People never swim 82_________
in the sea because the water harmed every things in it. The air 83_______
around was sometimes poisonous too. Mr Smith stopped thinking. 84_______
He shocked by the conclusion-the root of the illness. 85________
76．Worked改为working 77. 划去in 78.划去第一个was
79. cause 改为caused 80. some改为one 81. which改为where
82. swim改为swam 83. things改为thing 84. 85. He 后加was
短文改错6
Dear Xiao Jun,
It is four days since Mother accepted the 1. _______________
operation. She is feeling much more better now. 2. _______________
The doctors told me the operation was successful, 3. _______________
but because her old age she had to stay in hospital 4. _______________
for other two weeks. The doctors also said it was 5. _______________
unnecessary for her to do so. We expect to get 6. _______________
a full report in two and three days. Please tell the 7. _______________
good news to the rest of family as soon as possible. 8. _______________
You needn’t to come here. I’m able to look after 9. _______________
Mother by myself. Just take good care yourself. 10. ______________
1. accepted ---received 2. 去more 3. 正确 4. because of 5. other ----another
6. necessary 7.in a day or two 8. the family 9. needn’t come 10. take care of
短文改错7
After I finished my school, I began to look for a job. 76.
Now several months has passed, and I haven’t found the 77.
job I’m interested. Last Sunday morning, I received a 78.
phone call from a man naming Mr Wang. He said on the 79.
phone, “I hear you do well on your studies. I may offer 80.
you a job.” I entered into his office with a beating 81.
heart. How I wished I will go through the job-hunting 82.
talk and that he would take on me as a lab assistant. And 83.
to my surprised, what he said made me feel disappointed. 84.
That he needed was only a model. 85.
76. 去掉my 77.√ 78. interested后加in 79. naming→named 80. on→in 81. 去掉into 82. will→would 83. And→But 84. surprised→surprise 85. That→What
短文改错8
I’ve been to Hong Kong for three days now, and I’m 71.
having great time. Yesterday my friend showed me 72.
about Hong Kong. It was a very busy day, but I saw 73.
many interesting things. The first place where we visited 74.
is Hong Kong Park. After that, we walked to St.John’s 75.
Cathedral. I think it is a very old church in Hong Kong. 76.
Then we go to Victoria Peak. There we could see all 77.
over Hong Kong. It was real wonderful. After lunch 78.
we caught a bus to a supermarket. On the bus back the 79.
hotel, we both felt tired and very happy. We enjoyed 80.
ourselves very much.
71:to-in, 72:having-/\a 73:about-around 74:where-that或省略掉where 75:is-was 76:\/ 77:go-went 78:real-really 79: back-back/\to 80:and-but
短文改错9
Keep healthy is an important way of our life. A 76. ________
person has good health is more efficient(有效的) in 77. ________
carrying out their task either as a student in a school, 78. ________
a worker in an office and even a housewife at home. 79. ________
There are different way to keep healthy. It is necessary 80. ________
to have a healthy diet every day. Different kinds of 81. ________
food has different functions in building up and 82. ________
keeping our bodies strong. Other way to keep healthy 83. ________
is to exercise regularly. Learning what to relax(放松) 84. ________
our body is certainly in an efficient way to keep healthy. 85. ________
76. Keep→Keeping 77. has前加who 78. their→his 79. and→or 80. way→ways
81. √ 82. has→have 83. Other→Another 84. what→how 85. 去掉in
短文改错10
After I finished my school, I began to look for a job. 76.
Now several months has passed, and I haven’t found the 77.
job I’m interested. Last Sunday morning, I received a 78.
phone call from a man naming Mr Wang. He said on the 79.
phone, “I hear you do well on your studies. I may offer 80.
you a job.” I entered into his office with a beating 81.
heart. How I wished I will go through the job-hunting 82.
talk and that he would take on me as a lab assistant. And 83.
to my surprised, what he said made me feel disappointed. 84.
That he needed was only a model. 85.
76. 去掉my 77.√ 78. interested后加in 79. naming→named 80. on→in
81. 去掉into 82. will→would 83. And→But 84. surprised→surprise 85. That→What
短文改错11
A artist left for a beautiful part of the country 91. ___________
for a holiday and stay with a farmer. Every day 92. ___________
he went out with his brushes and painted till evening, 93.____________
and then, when it got in dark he went back to the 94. ___________
farm and had a good dinner after going to bed. 95.____________
At the end of his holiday, he wanted to pay for the 96.____________
farmer, so the farmer said, “ I just want one of your 97.____________
picture. In a week, it will all be finished. But your 98. ____________
picture will be still here.” The painter was very pleasant 99. ___________
and thanked the farmer for saying so kind things about 100. ___________
his paintings.
91. An 92. stayed 93. √ 94. 去掉 in 95. before 96. for去掉 97. but 98. pictures 99. pleased 100. such
短文改错12
Waves are beautiful to look but they can destroy 1. ___________
ships at sea, as well as houses and buildings near 2. ___________
the shore. Which causes waves? Most waves are caused 3. ___________
by winds blowing against the surface of the water. The 4. ___________
sun heats the earth, causing the air rise and the 5. ___________
winds to blow. The winds blow cross the sea, pushing 6. ___________
a little waves into bigger and bigger ones. The size 7. ___________
of a wave depends how strong the wind is, how long 8. ___________
it blows, and how heavy the body of water is. In 9. ___________
a small bay(海湾)big waves will never build up. 10. ___________
So at sea the wind can build up powerful waves. 11. ___________
A rule says that the height for a wave (in 12. ___________
meters) will usually be no more than one-tenths of 13. ___________
the wind's speed( in kilometres). In another words, 14. ___________
when the wind is blowing 120 kilometres per hour, most 15. ___________
waves will be about twelve metres.
1. look →look at 2. √ 3. Which→What 4. against→over 5. rise→ to rise 6.cross→across 7. a little→little 8. depends→depends on (upon) 9.heavy→large (big) 10. √ 11. So →But 12. for→of 13. one-tenths→one-tenth 14. another→other 15. blowing→blowing at
短文改错13
Mr． Fox lived close a large clothing 76． ＿＿＿＿
shop． For a long time he had meant to buy some 77． ＿＿＿＿
of the clothes． Before doing so， he keep a close watch 78． ＿＿＿＿
at the shop for several days． As the shop was in 79． ＿＿＿＿
an old building with chimneys（烟囱）， so he decided to 80． ＿＿＿＿
get into the shop through one of the chimney． One 81． ＿＿＿＿
dark night long after midnight， he climbed onto a 82． ＿＿＿＿
roof of the shop． But he went down one chimney， 83． ＿＿＿＿
he got stuck and could neither climb down or up． 84． ＿＿＿＿
He shouted for help but there had no one in the shop． 85． ＿＿＿＿
76．close后加 to 77． buy→steal 78． keep→kept 79．∨
80． 去掉so 81． chimney→chimneys 82． a→the
83． he前加when 84． or→nor 85． had→was
短文改错14
Attention， please！ I’m sorry to tell you that the visit to 56． ＿＿＿
the country， that we planned for this morning， will 57． ＿＿
be put off until tomorrow because the rain． This morning 58． ＿＿
we will visit a middle school， where has a history of 85 59． ＿＿
years． This afternoon we’ll visit the industry exhibition， from 60． ＿
which many new products are in show． Some of them 61．
won nation prizes for invention． The bus will wait for 62． ＿＿＿
us at the gate of our hotel at a half past eight． Please be 63． ＿＿＿
there on time． Don’t forget to bringing your things you need 64． ＿＿
with you． If you had any questions， you can ask me． Thanks． 65． ＿
56． ∨ 57． that → which 58． because 后加of 59． where→ which
60． from → in 61． in → on 62． nation → national
63． 去掉a 64． bringing →bring 65． had →have
短文改错15
It is late in the evening． There was a knock on the 56． ＿＿＿
door． I opened it and found a young man wore dark 57． ＿＿＿
glasses． He said he was a friend of my brother． I didn't 58． ＿＿＿
remember my brother had such friend， but I had to let 59． ＿＿＿
him in． As we talked， I found that he knew something 60． ＿＿
about my brother． I came to the conclusion （结论） that 61． ＿＿＿
he was telling the truth． Just then my brother came 62． ＿＿＿
out and the stranger was taken by surprise． I caught 63． ＿＿＿
hold of the man while my brother rang up to the police． 64． ＿＿＿
In fact he was only a thief from other town nearby． 65． ＿＿＿
56． is→was 57． wore→wearing 58． brother→brother’s
59． such后加a 60． something→nothing 61． ∨ 62． was后加not 63． out→in／back 64． 去掉to 65． other→another
Once more， three men bought seventeen apples． The 56． ＿＿＿＿＿
first man wanted one half； the second， one three and 57． ＿＿＿＿＿
the third one， one ninth． It was possible to divide 58． ＿＿＿＿＿
those seventeen apples like they wanted． Just as they 59． ＿＿＿＿＿
didn’t know how to do， a small boy came up with an 60． ＿＿＿＿＿
apple on his hand． The boy said，“Don’t worry about 61． ＿＿＿＿＿
that． Let me divide it for you．” First of all， with his 62． ＿＿＿＿＿
apple added to them， he made the number apples 63． ＿＿＿＿＿
eighteen． Then he gives nine to the first man， six to the 64． ＿＿＿＿＿
second man and two to the third man． He gave away 65． ＿＿＿＿＿
seventeen in all and took his own for himself． These men
were very thankful tothe boy． They all said ，“How clever
a boy he is ！”
56．去掉more 57．three →third 58． possible→impossible
59． like→as 60． how→what 61． on→in 62． it→them
63． number 后加 of 64． gives →gave 65． √
Different people speak different language， 76．＿＿but sports have a language of its own． A football 77．＿＿player from Japan can not play with a player from 78．＿＿England． One does not need to understand the language 79．＿＿of the other． The game speaks for themselves． 80．＿＿Peoples who do not know each other often become 81．＿＿friend after they have played together． The new 82．＿＿boy or girl in school quickly become one of the 83．＿＿class after few games． People in different parts of 84．＿＿the world learn to understand one other through sports． 85．＿＿＿＿
76． language → languages 77． its → their 78．去掉not 79． ∨ 80． themselves → itself 81．Peoples → People 82． friend → friends 83． become→becomes84． few 前加 a 85． other → another
Dear Ron,
I am very exciting to hear that you are coming to 76._________
our school soon. Now let me to introduce our school 77. _________
to you. Our school is a famous school with long history. 78. _________
We have many experienced teacher and excellent equipment. 79. _________
There are two teach buildings, one is for seniors and the 80. _________
other is for juniors. There are two lab building and 81. _________
a library. Except Chinese, maths, English, physics and 82. _________
chemistry, we have some electives (选修课). The 83. _________
students can choose that they like to attend. We 84. _________
love our school. I am looking forward to meet you soon. 85. _________
Yours,
Li Hua
76. exciting→excited 77. 去掉to 78. with后加a 79.teacher→teachers
80. teach→teaching 81. building→buildings 82. except→besides 83.√
84. that→what 85. meet→meeting
篇12：《短文》教学设计
一．教学目标
（一）知识教学点
1．注意下列加粗字的读音和意思
辩斗盘盂沧沧凉凉探汤嗟来之食机杼稽废时日懿德
2．了解文学常识知识。
（二）能力训练点
1．培养学生流利地朗读古文的能力，并达到熟读成诵。
2．培养学生的思维能力，分析理解每篇故事所深含的道理。
（三）德育渗透点
1．学习古人探求自然，大胆质疑和务实的精神。
2．启发学生注重品德的修养，要洁身自爱。
（四）美育渗透点
1．引导学生体会《两小儿辩日》中所体现的古代劳动人民认识自然，探求真理、敢于思考，大胆质疑的求真美。
2．《乐羊子妻》中所体现的乐羊子妻的廉洁正其与才识过人的质朴美、人格美。
二．学法引导
1．这两则故事生动活泼，又蕴含着深刻的道理。教学中，可以先利用注释和工具书扫清字词障碍，然后在加强诵读训练的同时，可以指导学生复述故事，并结合练习一、二引导学生进行讨论，以加深对内容的理解。讨论时，学生可能会从不同角度有不同的理解，只要言之有据，言之成理，就给予肯定，这样可以开阔学生的思路，提高学生的思维能力。
2．对文中涉及的有关科学常识、历史典故等，学生可以自己搜集资料，课堂交流；教师也可将教参提供的有关材料印发给学生。
3．掌握“东游、故、去、车盖、盘孟、嗟来之食、跪、感其言”等词语的意思。
三．重点、难点及解决办法
1．重点是朗读短文，并理解每篇故事所深含的道理。可以指导学生在熟读基础上复述故事情节，同时指出自己对此事的看法。
2．难点是《两小儿辩日》的思想内涵。
可将短文中三者的言行与复杂的科学知识作比较，体会古人对知识的执著探索精神。
四．课时安排
l课时
五．教具学具准备
1．课文朗读录音朗读磁带及录音机。
2．投影仪及作者作品介绍胶片。
3．文中涉及的科学常识、历史典故打印材料。
4．学生制作生字新词和重点句子卡片，课堂交流。
六．师生互动活动设计
1．指导学生反复朗读文章。
2．引导学生自行疏通文章，达到能够复述的程度。
3．在对故事内容加深理解的同时，引导学生阐述故事所说明的道理。
七．教学步骤
导语
同学们都知道，我国是一个有着悠久历史的文明古国，祖先留给我们许多文化遗产，为了继承、发扬这些古代的文化遗产中的精华，就要求同学们学好文言知识。今天我们所读的文言短文即是融知识性、趣味性与哲理性于一体的典范之作。好，下面我就先来考考大家：每天东升西落的太阳是早晨离我们近呢？还是中午离我们近呢？要想弄清楚这个问题需要复杂的科学知识，那么两千多年前的古人是怎样看待这个问题的呢？让我们一起来阅读文章。
（－）明确目标
l．文学常识及字词读音。
2．熟读理解文章。
3．分析每篇故事所深含的道理。
（二）整体感知
1．分别范读，或放课文录音，给学生扫清生率障碍
盂（yú）稽（jī）懿（yì））杼（zhù）
2．文学常识
（l）《列子》
相传为列御寇的论集。列御寇，战国时郑国人，《列子》共8篇，其中保存了许多民间故事、寓言和神话传说，如愚公移山，歧路亡羊，把人忧天等，具有很高的文学价值。
（2）《后汉书》
东汉纪传体历史著作，南朝范晔撰，本书是他根据前人撰述的几十种有关东汉的历史著作，归纳总结而成，自成一家，人们将它与《史记》《汉书》《三国志》合称为：“前四史”，是研究东汉历史的重要资料。
（三）重点、难点的学习与目标完成过程
1．学习《两小儿辩日》
（l）请同学们自读文章，对照课后注释流通文章意思。（注意几个词 辩、斗、沧、汤、为）
（2）请一位同学来串讲文章，其他人给文章分段
第一部分（1段）孔子路遇两小儿辩日。（起因）。
第二部分（2—5段）双方各持己见展开争论。（经过）
第三部分（6—7段）孔子不能决断谁是谁非。（结果）
（3）两小儿观点相反，各自依据是什么？
明确并继续提问（一儿认为日出时离人近，日中离人远，根据形状大小来判断的；一儿认为日出时离人远，日中离人近，根据温度来判断的），二人的争执虽都不正确（早晨太阳大是人眼的一种错觉，中午温度高是由于太阳直射），但是这一行为表现了两千多年前的古人怎样的精神？
人的.感觉与太阳离地球的远近是两小儿争论的话题，这是个比较复杂的问题，涉及知识面很广，古人不可能完全给予解释。但他们发现了这种自然现象，并努力寻求正确答案，这种独立思考，探求真理的精神确是难能可贵的。
学习《乐羊子妻》
（1）学生自读文章，疏通文意（注意遗、捐、趋、引、累、稽、亡（同无）、懿（yì）
（2）这是一篇人物传记，为了表现人物的优秀品质作者共选取了几件事？
两件，乐羊子的妻子用“不饮盗泉之水”，“不食嗟来之食”的典故劝谏丈夫改正行路拾遗的污行；乐羊子妻以织为喻，规劝丈夫积学求知。
（3）通过这两件事给我们怎样的启示？
乐羊子妻规劝丈夫拾金不昧和积学求知，赞扬了乐羊子妻的高尚品德，启示读者注重品德的修养，要洁身自爱。
（四）总结、扩展
通过本课学习，希望同学们能够掌握一些自学文言文的知识，这样不仅能过游于古典文学的海洋，而且能汲取营养，学习古人的优秀品质。
（五）布置作业
熟读背诵课文，复习重点文言实词的读音和意思。
（六）板书设计
作品
作者
朝代
出处
主旨
两小儿辩日
列御寇
战国
《列子》
独立思考，大胆探索
乐羊子妻
范晔
南北朝
《后汉书》
品德修养，洁身自爱
篇13：《短文》教学设计
教学目标
知识与技能
1、会认本课8个生字，能正确拼读课文中出现的新词。
2、能正确、流利地朗读课文。
3、理解课文内容，体会两篇短文的情感。
过程与方法
1、通过自读自悟，小组合作探究的方法解决学习中的问题。
2、通过多种形式的朗读，联系生活实际，结合教师的引导和点拨感受课文的语言美和情感美。
情感态度与价值观
1、学会善待生命，关爱弱者，培养美好的心灵。
2、养成读书的良好习惯，增强学习语文能力，培养学习语文的兴趣。
重点、难点
重点：理解课文内容，体会两篇短文的主题思想。
突破方法：采用多种形式的朗读，利用小组合作的学习优势，结合教师的指导点拨加以突破。
难点：学习人物的美好心灵，品味《听》一文的语言特点。
突破方法：在整体把握课文内容的基础上，抓住重点语句进行分析、体会。
教学步骤
一、激情导入
二、自读感悟，合作交流
三、问题探究
四、指导朗读
五、制订揣摩品味
六、课堂小结
板书设计
4短文两篇
《放飞一只蝴蝶》
朱兰：打开一扇窗户——放飞一只蝴蝶—打破了两块玻璃
班主任：沉默—交了买玻璃的钱
《听》
清晨—大妈听邻家的小男孩念书笑
很轻很轻：生怕……还怕……
篇14：《短文》教学设计
《短文二篇》教学设计
张玉新
说明
本设计为张翼健先生主编的国际长春版语文八年级下而写。《短文二篇》一课系张玉新选编。本套教材教师用书由张玉新主编。
课前准备
本课是八年级下学期的一课，是两篇篇幅短小的古代散文，包括古代特有的而且已经接触过的两种文体（说、记），学生经过七年级一个学年和八年级半个学年的学习，应该已经初步养成了预习的习惯。
因此，规定这样的课堂教学起点是可能达到的：学生课前预习，借助工具书和书下注解，初步扫除文字读障碍。在此基础上，反复诵读本文，力求尽量弄懂文句的含义，将没有弄懂的知识点作为课堂学习的重点。
这两篇短文言简义丰，要弄清楚文字的言外之意必须尽量多占有相关背景资料，因此课前印发苏洵、苏轼的有关资料要求学生阅读，进一步掌握相关文体知识和作者概况。
教学目标
1. 积累“职”“饰”“轼”辙“”盖“等文言诗词，”乎“”由“”与“”但“等文言虚词，”无所“”虽然“”相与“等文言词语。
2.引导学生深入理解关键词句，从而品悟其言外之意。
3.探究写作特色。
教学重点
1. 积累”职“”饰“”轼“辙”“盖”等文言诗词，“乎”“由”“与”“但”等文言虚词，“无所”“虽然”“相与”等文言词语。
2.引导学生深入理解关键词句，从而品悟其言外之意。
教学难点
1. 探究写作特色。
2.了解创作背景。
课时安排
2课时。
教学过程
第一课时
名二子说
一、导入
1. 检查课前预习。学生齐读《名二子说》，个别同学尝试背诵。
2.导语：在中国古代文坛上，一家父子兄弟都有盛名的除了“三曹”就是“三苏”了。三苏父子以其卓越的创造才能和辉煌的文学成就，同登“唐宋八大家”之列，千古文章辉耀古今，三苏在文学上造诣极深，既同出一源，又各具特色，人称“凝炼老泉，豪放东坡，冲雅颍滨”,三苏父子立身操守，光明磊落，关心国家命运，同情民间疾苦，为了民众做了不少好事。眉山三苏祠有一副对联“一门父子三词客；千古文章四大家”,高度评价了三苏父子的文学成就及其在文学历史上的地位。
我们在八年级上册学过苏轼的《江城子》，苏辙的《上枢密韩太尉书》，初步了解了苏轼的豪放、苏辙的冲雅，今天见识一下苏洵的凝练。
二、赏析课文
1.教师视学生齐读、个别学生背诵的情况校正读音并范读。诵读贯穿整个教学过程。
2. 进一步介绍有关知识。苏洵写《名二子说》时，苏轼11岁，苏辙8岁。苏洵对两个孩子寄予很大希望，他又对他们的生活道路充满忧虑。本文正是通过阐释为二子命名的深意，表达他对爱子的劝诫与勉励的。大家还要了解一点，庆历六年（1046），苏洵赴京应制举，尽管他才学颇高结果是落榜了。他对科举、对朝廷失去了信心，转而把希望寄托在两个儿子身上。从京城返乡，写了这篇寄寓深重的《名二子说》。
3. 第一段“轼”名说结构上有何特点？
明确：先说车，先扬“轮辐盖轸，皆有职乎车”,车子的各部件，轮子、辐条、车盖、轸木（车厢底部四面的横木），就像各有职分，不可或缺；再抑“而轼，独若无所为者”,只有车前的轼木没有实际用处。轼是车前的横木，乘车人可将手按在上面，有装饰车子的作用。转折自然为了再扬“去轼，则吾未见其为完车也”,行文已经几度曲折。最后揭出正题：“轼乎，吾惧汝之不外饰也。”苏轼呀，我担心的是你不注意外表的掩饰啊。
苏轼性格豪放，锋芒毕露，从不知掩饰自己的观点。自幼父亲就看清了这一特点，劝诫他多加外饰以免遭祸。这正是为他取名“轼”的用心（在赏析的过程中师生互动，掌握相关词语）。
4.第二段“辙”名说在结构上与上一段有何异同？
明确：先说辙，先扬“天下之车莫不由辙”,天下之车无不循辙而行；再抑“而言车之功者，辙不与焉”,但论到车的功用却没有辙的份。转折自然也为了再扬“车仆马毙，而患亦不及辙”,辙无论功之福，也不遭仆毙之祸。行文也已经几度曲折。最后揭出正题：“是辙者，善处乎祸福之间也。辙乎，吾知免矣”,“知免”,是说苏辙的性格会免于灾祸。一说“免”同“勉”,勉力、尽力的意思。善处于祸福之间，又能勉力向前，这正是为他取名“辙”的深意。
苏辙性格冲和淡泊，深沉不露，并能尽力王事，后位至尚书右丞、门下侍郎。
可见本段与上一段的结构总体上相同，都在极短的篇幅内或扬或抑，两端具有结构上的对称美；但是，一段的'结尾是隐忧，其实也是抑，而二段的结尾则是喜悦，可算是扬。小处不同一方面打破了完全对称的呆板，主要还是真实表达对不同性格的两个儿子的预测（在赏析的过程中师生互动，掌握相关词语）。
5.从《名二子说》中能体会出作者怎样的写作特点？
明确：一方面通篇使用比喻，以车之轼、车之辙的特点喻二子的不同性个特点，十分贴切；一方面在极短的篇幅内摇曳多变，文势极尽跌宕之能事，颇具功力；一方面如战国策士般纵横捭阖，透彻雄辩，颇具哲理。
三、作业
1.整理文中文言字词和句式，制成卡片。
2.完成“思考与讨论”一。
附：板书设计
第二课时
记承天寺夜游
一、导入
1.检查课前预习。学生齐读《记承天寺夜游》，个别同学尝试背诵。
2.导语：上节课我们见识了老苏的老辣，这节课再品尝一下大苏所烹制的一碟风味小吃。苏东波是宋代文学大家，当代的文、诗、词都在他的手中达到了高峰，他的叙事记游之文更是在文学史上为后人树立了典范。他的游记中，叙事、抒情、议论三种功能常常是结合得水乳交融。今天我们就学习他的著名小品文《记承天寺夜游》。
板书：
记承天寺夜游
苏东坡
3.提问：老师把作者写成苏东坡而不写苏轼，有区别吗？
明确：没有本质上的区别，但是，在黄州的时候“东坡”之号才出现，因此，这样写为了解释他的人生遭遇。可以说没有黄州贬谪就没有苏东坡，而没有乌台诗案就没有黄州贬谪，而没有苏东波的“不外轼”,就没有乌台诗案。
元丰二年（1079）年，苏轼因“乌台诗案”获罪入狱，元丰三年被流放至湖北黄州，贬为黄州团练副使，近乎流放，心情忧郁。这时，他的俸禄减了一半，而家里供养的人口又多。为了维持生计，他不得不把每月的四千五百钱，分为三十份，每份用麻绳穿起来挂在梁上，每天早上用画叉取一串钱下来，交给妻子王闰之安排一日三餐。如果当天有些节余，苏轼就非常高兴地把这些小钱装在一只罐子里，以备有客人来访时买酒喝。
老朋友马正卿专程从扬州来看望他，目睹“先生穷到骨”的生活，不禁心酸难过，便找到昔日的同窗，黄州太守徐 君猷，求他将临臬亭下过去驻兵的数十亩荒地给苏轼开垦耕种，以解决吃饭问题。徐太守欣然应允，苏轼十分感激，给马正卿写了一首诗，以示谢意：
马生本穷士，从我二十年。
日夜望我贵，求分买山钱。
我今反累生，借耕辍兹田。
刮毛龟背上，何时得成毡？
可怜马生痴，至今夸我贤。
众笑终不悔，施一当获千。
垦植这片土地，不但解决了吃饭问题，更因其在黄州城东，是一块坡地，与唐代大诗人白居易当年植树种花的忠州“东坡”相似，便效法白居易，将其地称为“东坡”,自号“ 东坡 居士”.
二、赏析课文
㈠赏析第一自然段，对关键字词的分析在师生互动中进行。
1. 教师范读，学生齐读。
2. 提问：你能从首句能中读出哪些信息？
明确：“元丰六年”,首先表明苏轼因“乌台诗案”被贬至黄州为团练副史已经四年，这四年的窘困生活中他发生了哪些变化让人猜想不已。“十月十二日”点明这是初冬的将近月半之时，也就是暗示月亮该是接近满月。一个“夜”字，就是为下文的“夜色入户”张本。“解衣欲睡”本来是普通人夜晚的最普通行为，本来没有什么可说的，而且既然衣服已经脱了，就不愿意在起身了。可是就在这时候“月色入户”,“月色”已经有了具体的日期和夜晚的铺垫。关键是“入户”,户就是单扇的门，苏东坡不说“入门”,而说“入户”,门户如果是紧闭的，何以入户？初冬时节开门睡觉不太合情理，就一定是门户不严，就可见其居所的窘迫。为何不写“月光”而写“月色”?恐怕这就是诗人的浪漫和洒脱。而一篇的兴致都是由这“月色”引起。所以这第一句主要点出题目中的“夜”字，而“欣然起行”则落实题目中的“游”字，其中“欣然”表明东坡高兴的心情。在四年的窘困生活中，能够因为月色入户而感动，并且起身要去夜游，真能看出作者的洒脱与浪漫。这些都是需要用心体会的境界。
以上第一句点题“夜游”,又不经意流露出作者的居住环境和心境，颇耐人寻味。
3.第二句“遂至承天寺寻张怀民”除了点出题目中的“承天寺”外，还能透露出什么信息？
明确：“念无与为乐者”流露出孤独寂寞，“为乐”表明淡定和随遇而安，表明对贬谪生活有所适应，这是“苏东坡”的诞生，是从前的苏轼的蜕变。“寻张怀民”不仅能表明同张怀民的关系很好，更说明张怀民也谪居于此。东坡的月夜造访，就是清风明月也要与朋友分享的心思，是他乡遇故知欣喜，更是高山流水般的情谊，这些都是他作为不速之客的理由。“寻”字十分传神，若是“找”就没有这寻觅的味道了。“寻”从主观上说不能确定对象的行迹，“找”则是对象固定不变。
4.第三句“怀民亦未寝，相与步于中庭” 这一层叙事有何韵致？
明确：行文朴素、淡泊而又自然流畅。张怀民和苏轼同是被贬至黄州来的，两人友谊笃厚。妙当晚张怀民也还未睡，他也是因月色入户而不睡或者感觉到好友要来月下造访？反正二人是一起来到院子中间散步了。他们就是默默不语散步？他们是否交谈深知高谈阔论？短短的句子让读者去想象。这种深厚的言外之韵尤其让人悬揣，甚至有一种被吸引到中庭一探究竟的冲动。
以上第一段共三句话，坐实了“承天寺夜游”之事，而牵动读者思绪的却远超过字面。
㈡ 赏析第二自然段，对关键字词的分析在师生互动中进行。
1.教师范读，学生齐读。
2.第二段在写法上有什么特点？
明确：写景，运用比喻的手法描绘庭院皎洁的月光，无一“月”字却无不在写“月”.月光清朗，洒落庭中，那一片清辉白茫茫一片好似积水空潭一般，更妙的是，“水”中还有水草漂浮，游荡，于是乎恍恍然便如仙境一般了。作者的高妙之处在于，以竹、柏之影与月光两种事物互相映衬、比拟、比喻手法精当，新颖，恰如气氛地渲染了景色的幽美肃穆。作者惜墨如金，只用十八个字，就营造出一个月光澄碧、竹影斑驳、幽静迷人的夜景。景物描写方面
㈢ 赏析第三自然段，对关键字词的分析在师生互动中进行。
1.教师范读，学生齐读。
2.怎样理解“闲人”?
明确：参见“思考与讨论”二。
第三段转入议论。作者感慨到，何夜无月，何夜无竹柏，两个反问句引人深思。可是有此闲情雅致来欣赏这番景色的，除了他与张怀民外，恐怕就不多了，整篇的点睛之笔是“闲人”二字。苏轼谪居黄州“不得签书公事”,所担任的只是个有名无实的官，与儒家的“经世济民”之理想相去甚远，即所谓“闲人”之表层意义，它委婉地反映了苏轼宦途失意的苦闷；从另一个方面来看，月光至美，竹影至丽，而人不能识，唯此二人能有幸领略，岂非快事！苏轼的思想横跨儒释道三家，这便使他的处世态度有极大的包容性，可以说是宠辱不惊，进退自如。在逆境中这短小的 篇章折射出他的人格魅力，所以说黄州出了个苏东坡。
㈣ 小结
比较老苏和大苏的两篇短文，初步领略了苏洵文笔的老辣与纵横捭阖的气势，苏东波洒脱流畅的文字以及文字下隐藏着的逆境中淡薄的心。文段义深，就要通过阅读相关资料进一步了解作者其人、其事、其时，这就是知人论世。走进作者才能走进文本。
三、作业
1. 抄写并背诵《记承天寺夜游》。
2.写文章贵在精炼。福楼拜说过，写文章时，能恰当表现一种意思的只有一个词，作家的任务就是要把那个词找出来。请同学们再品味这篇文章，在“辞达”上的独特之处。
3.拓展阅读苏东坡黄州时期的作品，例如《念奴娇？赤壁怀古》《定风坡》《赤壁赋》等，为将来高中的语文学习做相应的积累。
附：板书设计
篇15：短文教学设计
教学目标：
1、感受行道树的奉献精神，体会文章象征的写作手法。
2、品味文章优美的语言。
教学重点：
体会行道树复杂的内心世界，领悟奉献者的精神。
教学过程：
一、导入
1、今天，我们想利用这一节课的时间做一个“实话实说”的访谈节目，我呢，就是“实话实说”的主持人，你们则是被邀请来的嘉宾或是观众。我想先请问大家一个问题：假如你是一棵树，你喜欢在什么环境中生活？
2、我们今天的节目现场来了一群很特殊的客人，他们就是生活在城市里的行道树，让我们先来认识一下行道树，哪位同学来把课文朗读一遍？（课件播放朗读的背景音乐。）
二、感知行道树的形象。
1、请以课文为依据，用行道树的口吻作一个自我介绍：我们是，的行道树，我们。
（提示：可以从生活环境、生活状态、心理状态等方面介绍。）
2、听了刚才行道树的自我表白，你认为哪一句最能打动人呢？请谈谈你的理解。
（见机落实一些重点语句的理解：
这无疑是一种堕落。
我们的存在只是一种悲凉的点缀。
我们在寂静里，我们在黑暗里，我们在不被了解的孤独里。
我们仍然固执地制造不被珍惜的清新。）
3、你认为文中最能概括行道树形象的是哪一句？你是怎样理解这句话的？
抓住“忧愁”和“快乐”这两个词重点理解这句话。
三、体会行道树的奉献精神。
1、通过刚才的交流，我们对行道树有了一定的了解。下面进入我们的“实话实说”节目的互动环节。
2、我们先进行一下角色调整。同桌的两名同学一人充当行道树，一人充当现场观众，现场观众的身份自定，也许你是来自树家族的任意一员，是行道树的近亲；也许你是来自人类社会的一份子。你还想对行道树有更深的了解吗？请与它进行心灵的对话。下面就请同桌两个同学开始对话，一问一答。问的同学在问之前先作个简单的身份介绍，如：大家好，我是来自黄山的一棵松树，我想请问行道树？
3、哪一座的同学愿意给我们大家表演一下的？
4、通过刚才的互动交流，我们的现场观众有哪些感悟？
5、行道树通过自身的经历想告诉我们怎样的哲理呢？请用文中的一句话来概括。能谈谈你对这句话的理解吗？
（可分解为：什么样的事业是神圣的事业？为什么说神圣的事业总是痛苦的？你又如何理解这里的深沉呢？）
四、拓展延伸
1、现实生活中有哪些行道树式的人？你能举例说说吗？
2、他们的共同点是什么？
五、总结
1、今天的.“实话实说”节目让我们与行道树进行了零距离的接触，我们深深体会到：正是这些行道树的默默无闻的奉献，让我们的天更蓝、风更柔、空气更清新！让我们用最真挚的情感，最美丽的语句来表达对这些自然界或社会中的“行道树”们的感谢吧！
2、老师也写了一段话给行道树……
3、最后，让我们在《好大一棵树》的歌声中结束今天的这堂课，也希望我们的生活中涌现出更多的行道树。
篇16：短文教学设计
教学目标
①理解行道树——无私奉献者的形象
②反复朗读课文，体会形象化的语言。
③了解以小见大和夹叙夹议的写法。
教学时间：一课时
教学设计
一、激趣引读，诵读积累
1、图画展示，引入情境，激发兴趣。
同学们，谁愿意把自己的画画展示出来呢？并说说这样画的理由。
教师投影搜索到的行道树图画。
今天，我们来学习张晓风的短文《行道树》，看看马路两旁的行道树有什么深层次的含义呢？
2、诵读感知
①教师范读课文
②学生自读发现，初步感知。（教师指导学生掌握朗读的发音、停顿、重音、语调、速度和情感等方面的问题。）
③ 你能说说朗读后的感受吗？
二、合作探究，品味赏析
1、合作感悟，品读明理：学习了课文，文中哪些语段让你感动？（四人小组讨论交流）
2、自问自答，互动释疑：学生质疑交流，小组讨论解决。
教师进行组织、引导和调控，鼓励学生多角度提出疑难问题和值得深究的问题，进行讨论。将思考题集中到以下几个方面：
①行道树的形象体现了什么精神? 作者从哪些方面刻画了行道树的形象?
[提示]自我牺牲、奉献人类、心系社会……
②找出本文最富哲理性的句子，并理解：神圣的事业是什么事业?为什么说神圣的事业总是痛苦的?行道树的“深沉”主要表现在什么方面?
[有关提示]神圣的事业必须以自我牺牲为代价。从个人利益角度讲，这便是“痛苦”。痛苦的磨练使奉献者具备了以苦为乐的品质，这便是“深沉”。
③怎样理解“我们是一列忧愁而又快乐的树”? 怎样理解“站在这双线道的马路边，这无疑是一种堕落”?
④“我们的存在只是一种悲凉的点缀。”表现了行道树怎样的思想感情?同时揭示了怎样的社会现状? [有关提示]保护环境还没有引起人们足够的重视。
⑤为突出行道树的形象，作者都采用了什么表现手法?
[提示]采用了对比手法：a．与同类的优越处境对比；b．与人类的无知行为对比。
3、品味语言：你认为哪些语言描写最生动，最能突出行道树的形象?试分析说明?
让学生体会形象化的语言。学生的解答可能是多样的，芜杂的，教师要帮助学生突出重点，明确中心。
三、联系生活，拓宽延伸
1、拓展体验：鼓励学生结合生活和自己的经历，谈学习感受。
①你觉得张晓风只是为写行道树而写行道树吗？你不觉得它很像我们身边的一些人吗?
②本文的中心是通过行道树的自白表现出来的。但有人说像在发牢骚，你怎么看?
提示：决非发牢骚，而是强烈的呼唤。呼唤更多的奉献者为社会造福，为人类造福呼唤人们尊重奉献者的辛劳，保护自己的生存环境。
③学习了这篇课文，你受到哪些启发?
2、总结存储：同学们，这节课我们通过自主、合作、探究的学习方式，进行了很好的讨论和研究，对无私奉献者的精神有了更深刻的认识和理解。我们都是社会的一员，应该有强烈的社会责任感。从任何意义上讲，我们都应关注社会，关注人生，关注自然。让我们像行道树一样，尽自己的微薄之力，点缀美好的社会，也使自己的人生在无私的奉献中大放光彩。
3、片断仿写：模仿课文的写法写一篇短文。
篇17：短文教学设计
授课日期： 年 月 日 总课时：
7《行道树》 教学设计
教学目标
①理解行道树――无私奉献者的形象
②反复朗读课文，体会形象化的语言。
③了解以小见大和夹叙夹议的写法。
教学时间：一课时
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