外研新标准 高一book1 module 1 知识精讲
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篇1：外研新标准 高一book1 module 1 知识精讲
知识精讲(一)
1．The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms. Shen.
这个非常热情的女老师是沈老师。
called Ms. Shen 是过去分词短语作定语，与所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，相当于定语从句who/that was called Ms. Shen。 如：
We visited the new library built three weeks ago.
我们参观了三周前建成的图书馆。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
最早为外语教学而写的英语课本出现在十八世纪。
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
被邀请来参加聚会的大多是南非艺术家。
2．And we have fun. I don't think I will be bored in Ms. Shen's class!
我们上课上得很开心，我认为我不会对沈老师的课厌烦的。
（1）have (great) fun 玩得开心
=have (a lot of) fun
= have a wonderful time
=enjoy oneself 如：
The children were having a lot of fun with the building blocks.
孩子们玩搭积木玩得很开心。
You're sure to have some fun tonight.
今晚你一定会玩得很开心。
They had a lot of fun chatting on the net.
他们在网上聊天聊得很开心。
fun/,是不可数名词，常用于be fun 结构中，相当于interesting。如
Seeing monkeys in the zoo is great fun.
在公园看猴子非常有趣。
What fun it is to play a game after work!
工作之余活动一下多么有趣！
注: 此处的what fun不能用how funny代替，因为“funny”是“滑稽的，好笑的”的意思。
［拓展］for fun=in fun 开玩笑地
make fun of 嘲笑，取笑。如
I'm not saying such a serious thing for fun.
我说如此严肃的事情绝不是开玩笑。
It's bad manners to make fun of the blind.
取笑盲人是不礼貌的。
（2） 我们要注意本句英汉表达的区别。英语中有些动词，如think, believe, expect, suppose, feel, guess, imagine 等，当它们后面接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时，通常要把主句的动词变为否定式，而宾语从句中的谓语动词用肯定形式。这种现象称为否定的转移。如：
We don't think there is anything interesting in your pictures.
我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。
I don't believe what he said is true.我认为他说的不是真话。
I don't suppose they will object to my suggestion.
我想他们不会反对我的建议。
He didn't imagine that she would go abroad.
他料想她不会出国了。
I don't feel the food can last us through the winter.
我认为这食物是不够我们过冬的。
注：在反意疑问句中，若陈述部分是第一人称，think等词用一般现在进，则疑部部分需与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致，否则要与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。如：
I don't think it's going to rain tomorrow, is it?
我认为明不会下雨，对吗？
You don't think I have made mistakes, do you?
你并不认为我犯了什么错误，是吗？
（3）辨析: boring/bored 词均为形容词，但有区别
boring 意为“令人厌烦的、令人讨厌的”，常指事情的性质，指人时，意为“烦人”。
bored 意为“厌倦、讨厌”，主语常为人，指人具有的感受。
be bored to death/d厌烦的要死
be bored with 对……厌烦，厌倦
I found the book rather boring. 我发现这本书真令人讨厌。
Those relations of his are boring people.
他的那些亲戚们真烦人。
I was never bored with his stories. 他讲的故事我怎么听也不厌烦。
I'm getting bored and homesick, 我感到厌倦了，想家了。
知识精讲(二)
1.In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys.
换句话说，女孩是男孩的三倍。
（1）in other words 意为“换句话”，在句中用作插入成分。如：
In other words, she must give up singing.
换言之，她必需放弃唱歌。
I'm not used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I don't want to continue our conversations.
我不习惯于你对我谈话的方式。换句话讲，我不想继续我们的谈话了。
Beethoven wrote many world-famous musical compositions. In other words, he was a great musician.
贝多芬写过许多世界著名乐曲。换句话讲，他是一位伟大的音乐家。
①A + be+倍数 +as+ adj. +as+B
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
②A+be+倍数+ 比较级+than+B
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
③A+be+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+ of+ B
Asia is four times the size of Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
注: time 表示倍数，一般只限于表示基数词在内的三倍或三倍以上，若表示两倍可用副词twice 或形容词double。 time 表示的倍数也可以用分数，百分数或某些表程度的副词替换。
The street is twice the length of that one.
这条街是那条街的两倍长。
Ten is double five.十是五的二倍。
This pencil is a quarter as long as that one.
这枝铅笔是那枝的四分之一长。
Our room is 60％ the size of theirs. 我们房间的面积是他们房间面积的60%。
知识精讲(三)
1.I'm looking forward to doing it！我非常渴望去做。
look forward to sth./doing sth. 意思是“期待着某事/做某事”，其中“to”是介词。
I look forward to hearing from you as early as possible.
我期待着早日收到你的来信。
Boys and girls are looking forward to Children's Day.
孩子们期盼着儿童节的来临。
I'm looking forward to his return just as much as he himself seeing me.
我期待他的归来同他盼望见到我的心怀一样强烈。
［链接］动词＋介词to构成的常用短语有：
look forward to 盼望…… turn to 求助于；转向；翻到……
pay attention to 注意…… stick to 坚持
get down to 开始认真干…… object to 反对
belong to 属于 refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅
point to 指向 see to 处理，料理
come to 共计；苏醒 reply to 答复
agree to 同意 add to 增加
devote…to… 贡献……给…… compare…to…把……比作……
2.And what do you think of? 你认为……怎么样？
（1）What do you think of…? How do you find…? How do you like…? What be…like? 都用于询句对方对某人或某事物的评价与看法，意思是“你觉得……怎么样？”“你认为……如何？”如：
How do you find the speech by Mr. Johnson?
你觉得约翰逊先生的演讲怎么样？
-What do you think of the film? 你觉得这场电影怎么样？
-Very disappointing.
非常令人失望。
（2）What be…like? 表达“……怎么样？”，用于对人和事物的性质，尤其是对持久特性的提问。也可以像 How do you like…? How do you find…? What do you think of…? 一样，询问人们对所经历的人、事有什么反应。How…?一般可和 What be…like? 通用，但询问变化的情况，暂时的情绪等。
What was the weather like in Beijing yesterday? (= How was the weather in Beijing yesterday?)
北京昨天的天气如何？
-What are Brown's family like?
布朗的家人如何？
-Oh, they are all kind and gentle.
啊，他们都很友好和蔼。
What's the educational system like in your country? (此时不宜用How…代替。)
贵国的教育制度怎样？
注:How much do you like…? 你有多么喜欢……?用来询问对方喜欢某人或某物的程度。回答时可用Very much. (非常喜欢) What do/does…like…?……喜欢什么？用来提问主语喜欢的人或事物。以上句型不能混淆。
知识精讲(四)
1.Secondary school in the U.S. usually covers seven years, grades six to twelve.
美国的中学有七年，从六年级到十二年级。
cover 此处意为“包含”=include。 cover 是个多义词。下面来看一下它的用法。
cover vt.
（1）用东西覆盖、遮盖，常与with搭配。如：
She covered her face with her hands. 她以手掩面。
The mother covered the baby with a blanket.
用毛毯盖着她的婴儿。
（2）行走一段距离，通常不用被动语态。如：
The Red Army covered 25 000 li on the Long March.
红军长征时走了两万五千里。
She covered 1 000 metres in less than 4 minutes.
她在不足四分钟内跑完了1 000米。
（3）看完若干页书。如：
How many pages have you covered? 你已读了多少页书？
（4）新闻记者的采访、报道。如：
Many journalists were sent to cover the medical conference.
许多记者被派去采访医学会议。
He used to be sent to cover the battles during the war.
他曾经被派去做战地采访。
（5）谈到、涉及，相当于 deal with, include。 如：
The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.
这次讨论涉及内容广泛。
What are the chief points you are to cover in your talk?
你的报告主要有哪些内容。
（6）占地多少，面积多大。如：
Our orchards cover 1 000 mu. 我们的果园有1 000 亩面积。
China stretches across a vast area covering the cold, temperate and tropical zones.
中国幅员辽阔，包括了寒带、温带和热带。
（7）掩护、保护、庇护。如：
Their planes covered their tanks which were attacking the enemy.
他们的飞机掩护他们的坦克向敌人进玫。
知识精讲(五)
1.The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which is September through December, and the second is January through May.
一学年有两个学期，第一学期从九月到十二月，第二学期从一月到五月。
（1）be divided into “把……分成……”。如:
Our class is divided into four groups. 我们班分成四组。
America is divided into over 30 stales. 美国分成50多个州。
（2）the first of which…是定语从句，修饰 semesters. 如：
We live in a house, in front of which is a small river.
篇2：外研新标准book1 module 1 知识精讲(外研版高一英语必修一教案教学设计)
1．The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms. Shen.
这个非常热情的女老师是沈老师。
called Ms. Shen 是过去分词短语作定语，与所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，相当于定语从句who/that was called Ms. Shen。 如：
We visited the new library built three weeks ago.
我们参观了三周前建成的图书馆。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
最早为外语教学而写的英语课本出现在十八世纪。
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
被邀请来参加聚会的大多是南非艺术家。
2．And we have fun. I don't think I will be bored in Ms. Shen's class!
我们上课上得很开心，我认为我不会对沈老师的课厌烦的。
（1）have (great) fun 玩得开心
=have (a lot of) fun
= have a wonderful time
=enjoy oneself 如：
The children were having a lot of fun with the building blocks.
孩子们玩搭积木玩得很开心。
You're sure to have some fun tonight.
今晚你一定会玩得很开心。
They had a lot of fun chatting on the net.
他们在网上聊天聊得很开心。
fun/,是不可数名词，常用于be fun 结构中，相当于interesting。如
Seeing monkeys in the zoo is great fun.
在公园看猴子非常有趣。
What fun it is to play a game after work!
工作之余活动一下多么有趣！
注: 此处的what fun不能用how funny代替，因为“funny”是“滑稽的，好笑的”的意思。
［拓展］for fun=in fun 开玩笑地
make fun of 嘲笑，取笑。如
I'm not saying such a serious thing for fun.
我说如此严肃的事情绝不是开玩笑。
It's bad manners to make fun of the blind.
取笑盲人是不礼貌的。
（2） 我们要注意本句英汉表达的区别。英语中有些动词，如think, believe, expect, suppose, feel, guess, imagine 等，当它们后面接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时，通常要把主句的动词变为否定式，而宾语从句中的谓语动词用肯定形式。这种现象称为否定的转移。如：
We don't think there is anything interesting in your pictures.
我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。
I don't believe what he said is true.我认为他说的不是真话。
I don't suppose they will object to my suggestion.
我想他们不会反对我的建议。
He didn't imagine that she would go abroad.
他料想她不会出国了。
I don't feel the food can last us through the winter.
我认为这食物是不够我们过冬的。
注：在反意疑问句中，若陈述部分是第一人称，think等词用一般现在进，则疑部部分需与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致，否则要与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。如：
I don't think it's going to rain tomorrow, is it?
我认为明不会下雨，对吗？
You don't think I have made mistakes, do you?
你并不认为我犯了什么错误，是吗？
（3）辨析: boring/bored 词均为形容词，但有区别
boring 意为“令人厌烦的、令人讨厌的”，常指事情的性质，指人时，意为“烦人”。
bored 意为“厌倦、讨厌”，主语常为人，指人具有的感受。
be bored to death/d厌烦的要死
be bored with 对……厌烦，厌倦
I found the book rather boring. 我发现这本书真令人讨厌。
Those relations of his are boring people.
他的那些亲戚们真烦人。
I was never bored with his stories. 他讲的故事我怎么听也不厌烦。
I'm getting bored and homesick, 我感到厌倦了，想家了。
知识精讲(二)
1.In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys.
换句话说，女孩是男孩的三倍。
（1）in other words 意为“换句话”，在句中用作插入成分。如：
In other words, she must give up singing.
换言之，她必需放弃唱歌。
I'm not used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I don't want to continue our conversations.
我不习惯于你对我谈话的方式。换句话讲，我不想继续我们的谈话了。
Beethoven wrote many world-famous musical compositions. In other words, he was a great musician.
贝多芬写过许多世界著名乐曲。换句话讲，他是一位伟大的音乐家。
①A + be+倍数 +as+ adj. +as+B
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
②A+be+倍数+ 比较级+than+B
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
③A+be+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+ of+ B
Asia is four times the size of Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
注: time 表示倍数，一般只限于表示基数词在内的三倍或三倍以上，若表示两倍可用副词twice 或形容词double。 time 表示的倍数也可以用分数，百分数或某些表程度的副词替换。
The street is twice the length of that one.
这条街是那条街的两倍长。
Ten is double five.十是五的二倍。
This pencil is a quarter as long as that one.
这枝铅笔是那枝的四分之一长。
Our room is 60％ the size of theirs. 我们房间的面积是他们房间面积的60%。
知识精讲(三)
1.I'm looking forward to doing it！我非常渴望去做。
look forward to sth./doing sth. 意思是“期待着某事/做某事”，其中“to”是介词。
I look forward to hearing from you as early as possible.
我期待着早日收到你的来信。
Boys and girls are looking forward to Children's Day.
孩子们期盼着儿童节的来临。
I'm looking forward to his return just as much as he himself seeing me.
我期待他的归来同他盼望见到我的心怀一样强烈。
［链接］动词＋介词to构成的常用短语有：
look forward to 盼望…… turn to 求助于；转向；翻到……
pay attention to 注意…… stick to 坚持
get down to 开始认真干…… object to 反对
belong to 属于 refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅
point to 指向 see to 处理，料理
come to 共计；苏醒 reply to 答复
agree to 同意 add to 增加
devote…to… 贡献……给…… compare…to…把……比作……
2.And what do you think of? 你认为……怎么样？
（1）What do you think of…? How do you find…? How do you like…? What be…like? 都用于询句对方对某人或某事物的评价与看法，意思是“你觉得……怎么样？”“你认为……如何？”如：
How do you find the speech by Mr. Johnson?
你觉得约翰逊先生的演讲怎么样？
-What do you think of the film? 你觉得这场电影怎么样？
-Very disappointing.
非常令人失望。
（2）What be…like? 表达“……怎么样？”，用于对人和事物的性质，尤其是对持久特性的提问。也可以像 How do you like…? How do you find…? What do you think of…? 一样，询问人们对所经历的人、事有什么反应。How…?一般可和 What be…like? 通用，但询问变化的情况，暂时的情绪等。
What was the weather like in Beijing yesterday? (= How was the weather in Beijing yesterday?)
北京昨天的天气如何？
-What are Brown's family like?
布朗的家人如何？
-Oh, they are all kind and gentle.
啊，他们都很友好和蔼。
What's the educational system like in your country? (此时不宜用How…代替。)
贵国的教育制度怎样？
注:How much do you like…? 你有多么喜欢……?用来询问对方喜欢某人或某物的程度。回答时可用Very much. (非常喜欢) What do/does…like…?……喜欢什么？用来提问主语喜欢的人或事物。以上句型不能混淆。
知识精讲(四)
1.Secondary school in the U.S. usually covers seven years, grades six to twelve.
美国的中学有七年，从六年级到十二年级。
cover 此处意为“包含”=include。 cover 是个多义词。下面来看一下它的用法。
cover vt.
（1）用东西覆盖、遮盖，常与with搭配。如：
She covered her face with her hands. 她以手掩面。
The mother covered the baby with a blanket.
用毛毯盖着她的婴儿。
（2）行走一段距离，通常不用被动语态。如：
The Red Army covered 25 000 li on the Long March.
红军长征时走了两万五千里。
She covered 1 000 metres in less than 4 minutes.
她在不足四分钟内跑完了1 000米。
（3）看完若干页书。如：
How many pages have you covered? 你已读了多少页书？
（4）新闻记者的采访、报道。如：
Many journalists were sent to cover the medical conference.
许多记者被派去采访医学会议。
He used to be sent to cover the battles during the war.
他曾经被派去做战地采访。
（5）谈到、涉及，相当于 deal with, include。 如：
The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.
这次讨论涉及内容广泛。
What are the chief points you are to cover in your talk?
你的报告主要有哪些内容。
（6）占地多少，面积多大。如：
Our orchards cover 1 000 mu. 我们的果园有1 000 亩面积。
China stretches across a vast area covering the cold, temperate and tropical zones.
中国幅员辽阔，包括了寒带、温带和热带。
（7）掩护、保护、庇护。如：
Their planes covered their tanks which were attacking the enemy.
他们的飞机掩护他们的坦克向敌人进玫。
知识精讲(五)
1.The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which is September through December, and the second is January through May.
一学年有两个学期，第一学期从九月到十二月，第二学期从一月到五月。
（1）be divided into “把……分成……”。如:
Our class is divided into four groups. 我们班分成四组。
America is divided into over 30 stales. 美国分成50多个州。
（2）the first of which…是定语从句，修饰 semesters. 如：
We live in a house, in front of which is a small river.
篇3：外研新标准book1 module 5互动 外研新标准 ┆ 高一
文本互动
Listen to the dialogues and answer the True or False questions.
I.A dialogue.
Susan (a girl) meets Peter (a boy) in the schoolyard and they begin a chat about how to study Module 5 better. Mr. Smith is their teacher of English.
Su = Susan; Pt = Peter; Sm= Mr. Smith
Pt: Hi, Susan.
Su: Hello, Peter.
Pt: You look worried, anything the matter?
Su: Oh…My English study.
Pt: But you do quite well in English?
Su: Thank you. Now some students are saying that this module is the most difficult that we have ever had．Don't you think so?
Pt: Not that hard, I think.
Su: But it's really too much for me, especially those dull words. They have been driven me mad．
Pt: Well, I have made some English labels with them, and Mr. Smith has managed to persuade the school committee to allow us to put the labels along with those in Chinese in the lab and on the equipment, as long as it's safe to have a label on it.
Su: Do you think it will help?
Pt: Sure, in this way, any time we go to do experiments, we can see the labels in English and it will absolutely help us remember them.
Su: Maybe it will work. But how about the experiment report . It appears easy, but it's really hard to be perfect work.
Pt: I feel the same way. But don't worry, I just said goodbye to Mr. Smith in the lab．Let turn to him for some advice.
Su: OK.
(Narrator): Then they go to the lab and Mr. Smith's still there.
SM: Hello, Peter and Susan, anything I can do for you.
Pt: Susan is worrying about her study of this module.
SM: You see, I have finished these labels. They will help you remember the new words.
Su: But how about the experiment report? It's really hard to do it well.
SM: But it's not so hard? Oh. I see. You've got nothing hard in your English, but in your concept.
Pt and Su: Concept, what do you mean by saying so?
SM: Let me explain it to you. You think it hard to write an experiment report in English. But the difficulty lies not in your English, but in your concept, as you have never thought you can do an experiment report in English.
You are frightened．
Su: Maybe so, I have not had the heart to start it, just because I don't think I can do it.
Pt: Me too.
SM: But you have done well in both chemistry and physics. You should be sure that you can do an experiment well not because it is in Chinese, but because you are able to do it well. So remember, you'll never know if you can do something unless you have the heart to have a try. You've got it?
Su and Pt: Yeah, that's the very point. We'll go back and do it right now. Thank you very much, Mr. Smith.
SM: I'm sure you can do it very well. Good luck.
Su and Pt: Bye.
SM: Bye.
True or false questions:
1．Susan doesn't do well in her English.
2．Concept is important.
3．Peter is more serious with his study than Susan.
4．Mr. Smith went to the lab to do an experiment.
5．It's really different between writing an experiment report in English and one in Chinese.
答案：F T F F F
Open discussion:
What can you learn from the case of Susan?
我的思路
We can only do something well when we are sure that we can do it well. So, we should learn to believe in ourselves.
Ⅱ.A dialogue from classic movie: The Lion King
The Lion King 狮子王
(Mufasa, the lion king is telling Simba, his son, an important rule of life.)
Mufasa: Look, Simba, everything the light touches is our kingdom.
Simba: Wow !
Mufasa: A king's time is ruler rises and falls like the sun. One day, Simba, the sun will set on my time here and rise with you as the new king.
Simba: And this will all of mine?
Mufasa: Everything !
Simba: Everything the light touches! What about that shadowy place?
Mufasa: That's beyond our borders. You must never go there, Simba．
Simba: But I thought a king can do whatever he want.
Mufasa: Oh, there's more to being a king than getting your way all the time.
Simba: There's more?
Mufasa: Simba, everything you see exists together in a delicate balance. As king, you need to understand that balance and respect all the creatures from the crawling ant to the leaping antelope.
Simba: But dad, don't we eat the antelope?
Mufasa: Yes, Simba. But let me explain. When we die, our bodies become the grass and the antelopes eat the grass, and so we are all connected in a great circle of life. Simba, let me tell you something that my father told me. Look at the stars the great kings of the past look down on us from those stars.
Simba: Really?
Mufasa: Yes, so whenever you feel alone, just remember that those kings will always be there to guide you, and so will I.
篇4：外研新标准book1 module 5文化交流`外研新标准 ┆ 高一
文化交流Ⅱ Fig Newton
Newton's Laws of Motion (or The Three Laws of Motion) are liberally quoted. Here are some of the things one hears from time to time: From people in general:
“That object is in equilibrium, so by Newton's First Law, there must be no forces acting on it.”
From a manager in response to observing a backlash to a recent business initiative:
“We should have known that would happen. Newton's Second Law predicts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
From a project manager, remarking on someone else's project:
“That project is definitely in free fall.”
Let's look at these one by one.
Misapplication of the First Law
Newton's First Law of Motion says:
A body at rest or in a state of uniform motion (constant velocity) will stay that way unless acted upon by an external force.
Note that this means there are no net external forces acting on the body unless precisely stated. Or, to put it another way, there may be external forces acting on the body, but they (the multiple external forces) cancel exactly. When these external forces balance each other, the object is in equilibrium: static equilibrium if the body is at rest, or else equilibrium in uniform motion-that is, in a straight line at constant velocity. So remember: Equilibrium does not mean “no forces acting”. Equilibrium means,“ all external forces balance exactly.” Of course, internal forces have no effect, as they cancel in pairs by Newton's Second Law, as we shall soon see.
Let us assume that a lump of coal is moving at constant velocity along the surface of a level table. Ignore for a moment how it came to be in motion, but let's assume it is moving at one inch per hour toward the west.
Newton's first law tells us that unless we impose some other horizontal force on the lump, it will continue to move at one inch per hour toward the west forever.
Now, as we pointed out earlier, this defies common sense. In our real world, we would expect the lump of coal to slow down for at least two reasons. One, there is air resistance, and two, there is friction with the table's surface; both of these will tend to retard the uniform westward motion. But of course, there is no violation of Newton's first law here at all; both air resistance and friction are external forces acting on the lump of coal, and the first law states very precisely that the rule does not apply if external (net) forces are acting on the body in question. Now a physicist, used to thinking about and stating conditions precisely, would understand that a force is a force, and you can't neglect any of them .To describe the case above precisely, you would have to state:“ The lump of coal will continue to move at one inch per hour to the west in a perfect vacuum on a perfectly level, frictionless, table.” The problem is, most of us are not so precise in describing daily phenomena, so it's easy to understand how ordinary folks might misapply Newton's First Law.
A member of the younger generation of physicists recently pointed out to me that these days; students use deep space as a theoretical framework for working out problems, so that they can quickly dispense with the effects of air resistance, friction, “tables,” and the gravitational pull of nearby massive bodies. Although this idealized context simplifies the requirements for understanding mechanics, one wonders what will happen when these students are called on to solve real problems “back on Earth.”
Misapplication of the Second Law
Newton's Second Law says:
For every applied external force on a body, the body exerts an equal and opposite force.
When something happens in the business world in reaction to an event, someone is sure to bleat out, “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” In fact, it is they who are having a knee-jerk “reaction”. Rather than applying any thought to the situation, they quote Newton to justify or validate whatever backlash has taken place. The reaction is postulated as something that “had to happen” according to “the laws of physics.” In truth, however, what goes on has nothing to do with physics. Not only is the typical reaction unequal to the effect that produced it; often it is not even delivered in the opposite direction, but is rather off at some tangent. Moreover, it may not have been a result of the original action at all.
Once again, Newton's Law is correct, but we must be precise about the force and the body. Often the “equal and opposite” forces people cite in business situations are really an internal force pair that does not exert any external net force on the body. So whenever you hear someone intone,“ For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction,” my advice is to check to see what the forces are and what bodies these forces are being applied to.
Misapplication of the Third Law
The Third Law says:
A body will be accelerated by an external force in direct proportion to the force and inversely proportionally to its mass.
This one is often quoted as simply “F=ma,” which is just a formulaic restatement. I It is an unbelievably simple and elegant result that applies over an incredible range of phenomena.
But what does it mean to talk about a project “in free fall”? I think managers mean that it is accelerating under the influence of gravity, which means that it is gaining speed and will inevitably collide, inelastically and catastrophically, with Mother Earth. Splat! I “get” the notion that there are no parachute and no brakes, and a sense of rapidly impending doom. Yet, I see here a misuse of the physics analogy. Projects are subject to constraints just as surely as they have mass; the notion that management is so absent that we have effectively yanked the table out from under the lump of coal is certainly disheartening to say the least.
Practice:
Have you ever made any misunderstanding or misapplication of Newton's Newton's Laws of Motion (or The Three Laws of Motion)? If so, or even if you have never, would you mind taking up your physics book and reading this passage again help you get a better idea of this passage or Newton's Laws of Motion?
篇5：外研新标准book1 module 5知识精讲
知识精讲(一)
1．The Reaction of Metals with Oxygen .
reaction n.反应 反作用力化学反应
reaction with和……反应
reaction to对……的反应
He made no reaction to my joke.
他对我的玩笑没有任何反应。
2．The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.
in order
（1）按照顺序；挨次
He put all the books in alphabet order on the shelf.他把所有的书按字母顺序放在书架上。
（2）整齐；整洁
（3）恰当，正确；符合程序
（4）in order that＋句子
为了……，目的在于……
（5）in order to do sth..
为了（做某事），以便（做某事）
（6）keep in order
使遵守秩序；维持秩序
（7）out of order
次序紊乱；（机器等）失灵，出故障，有病，违反议事规则
3．Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.
table表格，一览表；目录
a table of contents
The results of the experiments can be seen in the table.
实验结果可在表上看到。
知识精讲(二)
［注：上接知识精讲(一)］
4．Leave the tube for one week.
此处leave意为维持，使或允许在或保持某一特定状态 (To cause or al low to be or remain in a specified state)。如：
He left the lights on.
他让灯亮着。
leave作“离开”讲时，为及物动词；当其作“去、出发”讲时，为不及物动词。leave还用作“遗忘、忘掉”之意，与forget近义，但其后搭配不一样。leave＋sth.＋表示地点的短语，而forget后只接sth.，不可接地点状语。试比较：I left my English book somewhere.／I forgot my English book.
be leaving是进行时态形式，但表示“将发生的行为”。例如：
The train is leaving. You must hurry up. 火车就要走了，你必须快点。
5．This makes sure there is no air in the water.
sure是形容词，意为“肯定的，当然的”。常用来回答一般疑问句，等于Yes或Certainly。sure的用法：
（1）be sure＋不定式。常用于祈使句，表示要求，意为“务必、请一定”。指外界的看法。例如：
I think he's coming，but I'm not quite sure.
Be sure to telephone me and give me all the news.
（2）be sure＋of或about。意为“相信，对……有把握”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。常用来表示“人对某事的看法”，指主观上的看法。例如：
Are you sure of that meeting? He is sure about this answer.
（3）be sure＋从句。表示“某人对……有把握”。例如：
I'm sure that he is coming to help me.
The teacher is sure that these books are interesting.
（4）make sure意为“务必、确信”，其后也可接of或about或动词不定式或that从句。例如：
1 made sure (that) he was badly ill.
Will you make sure of his return?
Make sure to come to the party on time.
知识精讲(三)
［注：上接知识精讲(二)］
6．Add some oil to the water. This will keep air out of the water.
add（1）增加
to add more hot water多加点热水
Add a few more names of labourers to the list.
名单上再加上几个工人的名字。
（2）加；加起来
If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.
四加三得七。
Add up these figures，please.
请把这些数字加起来。
（3）补充说；又说
I should add that we are very pleased.
我要补充的是我们非常高兴。
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.
我还要补充说一下，我们对测试结果表示满意。
常用短语：
add fuel to the fire火上浇油
add up加算；合计
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
The various facts in their report just don't add up.
他们报告中的各方面材料根本串不起来。
add up to
总计为，总数达
7．It's getting brighter and brighter!
英语中两个比较级用and连在一起表示“越来越……”如：
He runs faster and faster.
他跑得越来越快。
知识精讲(四)
［注：上接知识精讲(三)］
8．The closer you are .the more you'll see .
The＋比较级……，the＋比较级……“越……越…”
The more I read，the more intensely interested l became.
The more he has，the more he wants.
The happier a human being is，the longer he lives.
人越开心，寿命越长。
在句意明确时，常以省略句的形式出现。
The sooner (you do it)，the better (it will be).
9．Go ahead!
go ahead的基本意思是“往前走；先走；走在前面”。在日常对话中，表示鼓励对方做某事，意为“干吧；说吧；尽管用吧”；与with连用表示“继续前进；着手进行”等。如：
The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.
警察检查了那些汽车后，允许他们继续赶路。
You go ahead and tell them we'll be there soon.
你先走一步，告诉他们，我们马上就到。
-Could I have a look at your copy of China Daily?
我可以看一下你那份《中国日报》吗?
-Sure. Go ahead.可以。看吧。
If you think you can solve the problem，just go ahead.
如果你认为你能解决这个问题，那就干吧。
After the rain，we went ahead with our work of digging the canal.
雨停之后，我们继续挖渠。
He gave us the permission to go ahead with our building plan.
他允许我们着手制订建房计划。
知识精讲(五)
［注：上接知识精讲(四)］
10．It's your turn…
turn次序：依次轮流或按时间表的顺序排列的一系列机会中的一次She's waiting for her next turn at bat.
她在等她在棒球比赛中的下一次击球机会。
常用短语：
（1）at every turn＝in every place；at every moment
处处；时时
（2）by turns＝one after another；alternately
轮流地，交替地
“From the…testimony emerges a man by turns devious and honest，vulgar and gallant，scatterbrained and shrewd“ ( Life )
“从指证来看，一个人交替地表现为狡猾和诚实，粗鄙和豪侠，浮躁和精明”（生活）
（3）in turn依次地，轮流地
（4）out of turn未按照正当的次序或顺序地
No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn.
任何人都不准不按次序买票。
（5）to a turn正好；恰好
The roast was done to a turn.
面包烤得恰到好处。
（6）It's one's turn (to do sth.) 轮到某人做某事了。
It is your turn now.
现在轮到你了。
11．Come a bit closer.
可修饰比较级的词
（1）a bit，a little，rather，much，far，by far，many，s lot，lots，a great deal，any，still，even等。
（2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
（3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
12．so we should be very proud of that
be proud of以……为荣；以……自豪
do oneself proud养尊处优，自奉优厚
do sb. proud给面子，使某人感到荣幸；慷慨地款待某人；丰盛地招待某人
He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.
他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。
He's too proud to be seen in public with his poorly-dressed mother.
他非常傲慢，不愿在公共场所被人看见和衣衫褴褛的母亲在一起。
13．…as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
be supposed to:应该，必须，被认为，被期望
Athletes who competed in the Olympic Games were supposed to be amateurs.
在过去，奥运会的参赛运动员应该是业余选手。
篇6：与课文话题有关的讨论【外研新标准 ┆ 高一】
合作讨论I
Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.
我的思路：
Good Neighbors
Unless we live in a remote area, we all have neighbors. We are not usually able to choose our neighbors. We can only hope that those who live near us will be people we can get along with. However, in my opinion, that is the minimum requirement of a good neighbor. The best neighbors should not only be able to live side by side without quarreling, but also help each other.
The first requirement of a good neighbor is that he does not disturb others in the neighborhood. For example, he should not be too noisy or block others' parking spaces. Second, a good neighbor should cooperate in the care of the neighborhood. Everyone should work together to keep the place clean. Third, neighbors should watch out for each other's security by rep or ting suspicious people who may be trying to steal something and dangerous conditions such as a broken slide on the playground:. Finally, the best neighbors help each other when they are in trouble. Recently, my neighborhood was affected by a strong typhoon. It caused a lot of damage, but all my neighbors showed their concern for each other by sharing food, water and candles, and helping in any way they could.
Some people say that ”Good fences make good neighbors.“ But I believe that kindness is repaid with kindness. Also, when we show respect for people it is more likely that they will do the same for us. Therefore, if we want to have good neighbors we first have to be good neighbors.
注释: remote adj. 偏远的
get along with 相处
minimum adj. 最低限度的(←→maximum)
requirement n. 必要条件
side by side一起
block v. 阻塞
parking space 停车的地方
cooperate v. 合作 (= work together )
watch out for 留
security n 安全
report v. 报告;告知
suspicious adj. 可疑的
slide n. 滑梯
playground n. 游乐场;运动场
concern n. 关心
fence n. 篱笆
kindness n. 亲切的行为
repay v. 报答
合作讨论Ⅱ
We all live in a neighbourhood and often have something to do with the neighbourhood committee or the village committee. In the future, some of us may even work with the neighbourhood committee or the village committee. Then in your opinion, what are the main functions and the goals of the neighbourhood committee or the village committee?
我的思路：
1．About the Neighbourhood Committee
The neighbourhood committee is a grassroot mass organization in China. In Chinese residential areas both in cities and towns, there are neighbourhood committees.
With the help of local governments, the neighbourhood committees take care of almost every aspect of the residents' life such as birth control, security and hygiene. And the neighbourhood committee not only solves problems in elder residents daily life, but also helps them live a colourful life.
There are usually many retired residents who volunteer to serve their neighbours. And many local residents have found that they are increasingly dependent on the various services provided by the neighhourhood committee. Whenever they come to ask for help, they won't be disappointed.
Generally, the neighbourhood committee is something uniquely Chinese. It started early, functions well now, and is about to stay for a long time in the future.
2．The Saint Botolph Neighborhood Associationed
We are a volunteer community organization open to all residents. We strive lo:
Foster civic spirit, goodwill and friendship between and among all residents.
Promote the general welfare of the neighborhood and protect and upgrade its residential and historical character.
Help ensure a clean, safe and well maintained neighborhood, as well as its continued improvement and beautification.
Identify and represent the best interests of the neighborhood while serving as a vital communication link with businesses, the City of Boston, and other government agencies on.
篇7：外研新标准Book 1 Module 7知识精讲
知识精讲1
1．I'm learning／learn a lot today.
一般现在时和现在进行时的用法区别英语中的一般现在时和现在进行时在用法上有着许多相似之处，但又有着本质的区别。传统的英语语法书籍从没有将这两种时态的诸多相似的用法联系起来分析、比较，这极易使英语初学者在理解和记忆这些用法时产生混淆。下面我就这两种时态的相似用法作一横向的比较。
充当将来时的一般现在时与现在进行时在用法上的区别：
（1）一般现在时表示将来时间时，用于时间表、节日单或日程表上所安排好的事情：
The conference begins at 8：30 and ends at 10.
We leave tomorrow at 6：30 and arrive at 10
June 8 marks our 10 th wedding anniversary.
在这种用法中，句中动词多为go，come，sail，start，return，open，close，takeoff，land等。
（2）现在进行时表示将来时间时，则强调个人在最近要做的事先安排、计划好的事情，常跟表示未来的时间状语：
I am spending next summer in Alaska.
They are having a holiday next Saturday.
He is arriving tomorrow morning on the 6：30 tram.
I'm seeing Linda this evening.
比较：一般现在时与现在进行时均可表示最近按计划安排要做的事，但前者表示某个集体或组织的计划，而后者表示个人的计划。如：
I leave for Changchun tomorrow.（我和其他成员一起去，且该计划也不是我个人定的）
I am leaving tomorrow.（我个人的计划)
与高频副词连用的一般现在时和现在进行时在用法上的区别：
（1）一般现在时与高频副词（always，constantly，forever，perpetually，repeatedly）连用时表示经常性发生的动作，如：
Tom always helps me with my work.
He is nearly always at home in the evening.
（2）现在进行时与高频副词也表示经常性发生的动作，但它还同时强调说者对某人所做事情的赞扬或批评（如欣赏、厌倦等），如：
I'm always hearing strange stories about him.
She's always helping people (changing her mind).
Our fire alarm is forever going off for no reason.
She is always coming late for work.
与某些可持续动词或形容词连用的一般现在时和现在进行时在用法上的区别：
（1）一般现在时与某些可持续动词或形容词连用时可表示习惯性的动作或一般存在的状态，如：
The river flows slowly.
Bill is very clever.
The boy is naughty.
The car works perfectly.
（2）而现在进行时与某些可持续动词或形容词连用则强调该动作或状态的暂时性，表示不能长期发生的动作或存在的情况：
The river is flowing fast after the heavy rain.
（只是在暴雨之后河水才变得湍急了）
He's being very clever today.
（他平时的智力表现平平甚至愚蠢，今天却一反常态）
The child is being naughty.
（这孩子平时很听话，这会儿却很淘气)
The car is working perfectly.
（这车子平时总出毛病，这会儿工作得倒挺不错）
一般现在时和现在进行时与感觉动词连用时在用法上的区别：
（1）感觉动词与一般现在时连用时，表示无意的感觉行为（如无意中听见或看见），如：
I notice a change in the way he is dressed.
They all smell something burning.
He feels cold.
（2）感觉动词与现在进行时连用时，表示有意的感觉行为，如：
I am smelling these new perfumes and trying to decide which to buy.
I'm feeling this material to see whether it is pure silk or not.
I am listening to the radio.
一般现在时和现在进行时在命令句中的用法区别：
（1）一般现在时用来表示语气强硬的命令或警告，如：
You finish the assignment before 4 o'clock this afternoon.
你必须在今天下午4点钟以前完成任务。
You mind your own business.
你少管我的事（管好你自己吧）。
（2）现在进行时用来表示语气较温和的命令或要求，如：
You are standing next to Tom，Bill.
Don't just stand by. You are helping me with this.
知识精讲2
I've lost／lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
现在完成时和一般过去时的用法区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去的动作，区别在于该动作是否与现在发生联系：过去时的动作与现在无大联系；而现在完成时的动作结果一直影响到现在，也许还在持续。
I didn't have my breakfast yesterday.
（昨天是否吃早饭和现在没什么关系）
You have studied for two years in this university.
for表示一段时间，在现在完成时中经常用到，和since接一个过去的时间点。
The English chief engineer has stayed in China for ten months.
The English chief engineer has stayed in China since ten months ago.
I have worked as Chairman of the Student Union since I came to the university.
注意：现在完成时中不能直接用表示过去的时间状语。
我们不能说The English chief engineer has stayed in China last year.
知识精讲3
It was the most exciting day of my life.
How can I write with a broken arm?
现在分词与过去分词作定语比较
由于现在分词和过去分词具有形容词或副词的特点，在句中可作表语、状语、宾语补足语和定语。作定语时，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。现将其用法归纳如下，供大家参考。
前置定语：单独一个分词作定语时，一般情况下被放在被修饰的名词前面，例如：
（1）现在分词：几乎所有的现在分词都可以作前置定语，现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作，二者有逻辑上的主谓关系，并且表示所修饰词的特点、性质等。（可以转换成定语从句）如：
Barking dogs seldom bite.＝Dogs which barks seldom bite.
爱叫的狗很少咬人。
（2）过去分词：所有的及物动词的过去分词都可以作前置定语，不及物动词过去分词作前置定语时，一般过去分词前有副词修饰，但也有少数几个可以单独作前置定语。过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词的过去分词作前置定语的区别是：前者表示中心词承受动作的结果或状态；而后者表示中心词的特点。如：
a newly arrived student新到的学生（arrived是不及物动词，但前有newly修饰）
an escaped convict逃犯（escaped是不及物动词）
a retired worker退休工人（retired是不及物动词）
a locked door上锁的门（locked表示中心词door锁后的状态）
an experienced doctor有经验的医生（experienced表示中心词doctor的特点）
后置定语：
（1）当被修饰的词是由some／any／no＋thing／body／one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然是一个单一的分词作形容词用，但也要放在其后。（可变为定语从句）如：
There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.
自从两年前离开，哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。
（2）当分词短语作定语时，一定要放其之后。如：
The bottle containing (＝which contained ) the poison was sent to the laboratory.
盛毒品的瓶子被送到实验室。
They have Intimate knowledge of the subject being investigated (＝which is being investigated ).
他们对所研究的题目非常熟悉。
注意：现在分词的完成式不能作后置定语。但是，如果中心词是泛指的，偶尔可用现在分词的完成式作后置定语。如：不能说：
The man having written that book is our teacher.
应该说：
The man who has written that book is our teacher，
写那本书的人是我们的老师。
知识精讲4
Your house is three times larger than mine.
比较结构的用法：
1）比较级＋than
You are taller than I.
注意：
要避免重复使用比较级。
（错）He is more cleverer than his brother.
（对）He is more clever than his brother.
（对）He is cleverer than his brother.
要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
（错）China is larger than any country in Asia.
（对）China is larger than any other country in Asia.
要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is larger，Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country，Canada or Australia?
she is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
2）as＋形容词或副词原级＋as在否定句中可用so…as。
He cannot run so／as fast as you.
当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as＋形容词＋a＋单数名词
as＋many／much＋名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can.
用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词作修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice 9s big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
倍数＋as＋adj.＋as＝倍数＋the名词＋of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
知识精讲5
I The boy admitted stealing the money.
admit vt.
(admitted；admitting)
让……进入；使获得（某种地位或特权）
接（容）纳
承认（事实、错误等）
导入，进气，供给
admit sb. into the university
获准入大学
The auditorium admits 5 000 persons.
这座礼堂可容纳五千人。
I admit that I was wrong.
我承认我错了。
注意：admit后的动词只能用动名词形式。
知识精讲6
-What would you like to do?
-I'd prefer to continue the conversation.
prefer用法种种
prefer意为“宁可、宁愿、更喜欢”，其后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句，还可以构成固定句型。由于该词后可接的成分多，用法灵活，许多同学对这个词的诸多用法常常容易弄混淆。为了便于同学们掌握和用好它，笔者对prefer的八种常见搭配作出以下归纳。
（1）prerfer＋n. (pron.) 宁愿，更喜欢
Which do you prefer，rice or bread?
你比较喜欢哪一样，米饭还是面包?
I prefer some poems and short stories.
我宁愿读一些诗和短篇小说。
（2）prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事（强调特定的或某次具体的动作，即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么）
The old man preferred to live in the country.
那位老人更喜欢住在乡村。
The boys preferred not to do homework right now.
那些男孩巴不得马上就不做作业了。
（3）prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事（强调一般性倾向，即对某种行为的“偏爱”）
Einstein preferred spending his spare time working for human rights.
爱因斯坦宁愿把业余时间花在为人权工作上。
I prefer swimming，but I don't prefer to swim now.
我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
（本句强调prefer to do与prefer doing结构的区别，prefer swimming指“一般爱好”，don't prefer to swim强调某次具体的行为，即现在由于种种原因而“不想去游泳”。）
（4）prefer＋(doing) sth.＋to (doing) sth.
宁愿选择……宁愿……而不愿……
She seems to prefer cats to dogs.
猫和狗之间她似乎更喜欢猫。
My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.
我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。
（5）prefer to do sth.＋rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿做……
He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.
他宁愿呆在家里，而不愿跟我们一起去。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus，he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
他总是愿意骑车，而不愿去挤公共汽车。
（6）prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做某事
They preferred their son to go to the countryside.
他们宁可让儿子去农村。
The mother preferred her daughter not to marry a cheat.
那位母亲不愿让女儿嫁给一个骗子。
（7）prefer＋sth.＋to be done (done) 希望某事被做
We would prefer the classroom cleaned at once.
我们希望马上有人打扫教室。
He should prefer the question to be discussed tomorrow morning.
他希望明天上午讨论此问题。
（8）prefer＋that clause更希望……（从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气）
I prefer that he should end his speech.
我更希望他结束演讲。
The old woman preferred that eggs should be done soft.
那老太太更喜欢蛋煮嫩一些。
We need to practise speaking English if you want to speak it well.
知识精讲7
I'd rather go to the cinema than stay at home and watch TV.
would rather用法浅析
“would rather＋动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式（美国英语中多用had rather）。'd rather为would（或had）rather的缩写形式。Would (had ) 在此决无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态变化，它是一个情态助动词。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿，意为“宁可……”“宁愿……”“最好……”。如：
He'd rather work in the countryside.
他宁可到农村去工作。
If you'd rather be alone，we'll all leave here.
如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.
今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
would rather与than连用.可构成另一个惯用句式，即“would rather…than…”，意为“宁可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”“与其……不如……”。用以表达主语的意愿。强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。如：
I would rather watch TV at home than walk outside.
我宁可在家看电视而不愿到外边散步。
在使用“would rather…than…”句型时。应注意以下几点：
（1）如该句型前后连接的两个动词相同，则than之后的那个动词可省去。如：
I'd rather you know that now than afterwards.
我于可你现在就知道这件事.而不是以后。
（2）would rather…than…也可改写成“would…rather than…”，其用法及含义仍不变。如：
Facing the enemies，our soldiers would die rather than surrender.
面对敌人，我们的战士宁死不屈。
（3）有时，为表示语气上的强调，可将rather than置于句首。如：
Rather than refuse to help you，I would borrow money from my friends.
我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。
（4）would rather后也可跟从句，表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。如：
I'd rather she set out to do the work now.
我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。
（5）would rather后还可接动词的完成时，表示主语要做某事，而结果事与愿违的意思。如：
I'd rather have left a note on her desk.
我本想留张字条在她书桌上的。（事实上没有留）
知识精讲8
I enjoy learning English and find translation quite easy.
find＋复合结构
find＋复合结构的形式很多，在高考题或练习题中出现的频率较高。现对其用法作一归纳，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。
（1）find＋宾语＋现在分词
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现一只钱包在地上。
If slaves were found living together secretly they were cruelly whipped.
如果奴隶们被发现私自同居，就会受到残酷鞭打。
（2）find＋宾语＋过去分词
He found the place much changed.
他发现这地方有了巨大的变化。
We found her quite recovered.
我们发现她已完全痊愈。
（3）find＋（宾语）＋形容词
She was found alone in the room.
发现她一个人在屋里。
He was found dead in the morning.
早上人们发现他已经死了。
（4）find＋宾语＋副词
I'm so glad I found you in.
发现你在家我真高兴。
He hurried there，but found them all out.
他赶到那里，却发现大家都出去了。
（5）find＋宾语＋介词短语
They found him already in the care of a doctor.
他们发现已经有一位大夫在照顾他了。
We have gone over the contract and found everything in order.
合同我们已经看过，感到没有问题。
（6）find＋宾语＋名词
You will find it a difficult book.
你将发现这是一本难懂的书。
We all find him a very sensible man.
我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。
（7）find＋宾语＋to be
This method was found to be practicable.
大家发现这方法很可行。
注：在find＋宾语＋to be…这一结构中，to be常可省略。
知识精讲9
1.Lu Wen is a lively and popular student who has made much progress this term.
make progress
取得进展，进步
The disease makes rapid progress.
病情迅速好转。
make progress in
在……方面取得进步（进展）
make progress towards
朝着……（目标）前进
make progress with
把……向前推进；在……（方面）取得进展，进行
in progress
在进行中，在举行
The building of the house is in progress.
房子在建造中。
2．He should concentrate on getting good results in Mathematics.
concentrate vi.
集中；聚集；聚精会神，集中思想 (on，upon)
You should concentrate on your work.
你应该专心于你的工作。
concentrate one's attention on［upon］
把注意力集中在……
篇8：外研新标准 高一book1 module1 典题精析
典题精析
【例1】-I don't like him,________?
-No, I don't at all.
A．do I B．do you C．don't I D．does she
解析：答案为B，它是do you like him? 的省略形式，全句意为：我不喜欢他，你呢（你喜欢他吗）？”
点评：此题容易误选A，认为这是一个普通的疑问句；陈述部分主语为I，疑问部分主语也应是I；陈述部分为否定式，所以疑问部分要用肯定式。做此题的关键是要联系下文的语境，下文说”No, I don't at all（不，我一点也不喜欢）”，这表明前一句是在询问对方的看法。
【例2】-I ________ his telephone number.
-I have his number, but I ________ to bring my phone hook.
A．forget ;forget B．forgot; forgot
C．forget; forgot D．forgot; forget
解析：此题答案为C。第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说些话了，故第一空应填forget; 第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电讯本了”这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词but），故第二空应填forgot.
点评：此题容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。做题时应仔细体会一下对话的语境。
【例3】Dear me! Just ________ at the time! I ________ no idea it was so late．
A．look；have B．looking；had
C．look；had D．looking；have
解析：此题应选C，第一空应填look，因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，看后当然已知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
点评：此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填have的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【例4】About six months later，the letter they were looking forward to ________at last．
A．arrived B．arriving C．had arrived D．arrive
解析：答案为A。look forward to中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，而不用动词原形。但问题是此句中的动词arrive不是介词to的宾语，而是句子的谓语。句子的正解分析是：the letter为句子主语，they were looking forward to是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略)，arrived是句子谓语。
点评：对于此题，基础稍差的同学可能选D，认为横线前的to是不定式符号，所以后接动词原形；基础稍好的同学可能会选B，知道look forward to是短语，意为“盼望”，其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动名词；只有基础扎实、语感好而且细心的同学才会选A。
【例5】-________do you think of your English teacher?
-Oh，he is an ________ man．
A．What；interesting B．What；interested
C．How；interesting D．How；interested
解析：此题答案应是A，理由如下：
表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时，有以下两类表达：
How do you like…你觉得……怎么样?
What do you think of…你觉得……怎么样?
这两类句型含意大致相同，但搭配不同，即like与how搭配，think of与what搭配。
另外-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确。准确的表述应该是：表示使（别）人感到如何，用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。
点评：此题很容易误选D，认为第一空应填how，表示“如何”；第二空应填interested，因为有的书上说-ing形容词主要说明事物，-ed形容词主要说明人。
【例6】He Was angry ________ your work．He said that he ________ at all．
A．at; didn't satisfy B．to；didn't satisfy
C．at；wasn't satisfied D．to；wasn't satisfied
解析：此题答案为C。be angry at／about sth．意为“对某事生气”，第二空是说他感到不满意，应用过去分词satisfied作表语。
点评：其余几项均有可能被误选。be angry at (about) sth．意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词at (about) 换成to，这是错误的。第二空将汉语意思“不满意”直译为not satisfy也是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使（人）满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态（或是系表结构）。
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