高二地理必拿下知识点概括
“muchun”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了5篇高二地理必拿下知识点概括，小编在这里给大家带来高二地理必拿下知识点概括，希望大家喜欢!
篇1：高二地理必修二的必拿下知识点
第一节区域农业发展——以我国东北地区为例
1.东北地区地理条件
⑴自然条件：
①气候条件：温带季风气候，雨热同期，作物一年一熟，易受热量的影响。(气候是区域农业生产中最难以改造的自然条件。)
②地形分布：高原(畜牧业)、平原(种植业)、山地(林业)为农业多种经营提供了条件。
③土壤：黑土、黑钙土广泛分布，土层深厚，有机质含量高，有利于农业生产。
⑵社会、经济条件：①良好的工业基础基础;②交通发达，对外联系方便，发展外向型农业;③开发时间较晚，人口密度较低(地广人稀)，有利于绿色农业和大农业的发展。
2.农业布局特点
⑴耕作农业区：①主要分布在三大平原区;②主要农作物：小麦、玉米、水稻等。
⑵林业和特产区：①林业：主要分布在大小兴安岭和长白山区。
②长白山区是我国主要的鹿茸、人参等珍贵药材产区，延边生产苹果梨。辽东低山丘陵和半岛丘陵区是我国的柞蚕茧产区。辽南是重要的苹果产区。
⑶畜牧业区：①主要分布在西部高原、松嫩平原西部及部分林区草地，是重要的羊、牛、马牧畜生产基地;②畜种：呼伦贝尔市三河地区：三河牛、三河马;松嫩平原西部：东北红牛。
3.东北商品粮基地
⑴生产特点：①大规模机械化生产;②地区专业化生产。
⑵其他知识：①三江平原商品率;②国营农场，机械化程度。
4.农业发展方向
⑴平原区：发展适应加工需要的优质、专用品种，提高产品质量和竞争力;加快发展商品粮豆等的生产，促进粮食转化，延长产业链条;建设绿色食品基地。(增强抗衡国外农产品进入国内市场的能力。)
⑵西部草原区：大力发展生态农业和舍饲畜牧业，强化人工草地建设，发展集约化草食性畜牧业。
⑶山区农业：森林资源保育，发展特色农业和特色产品，实现由原料型生产向原料及产品加工并举的转变。
第二节区域工业化与城市化——以我国珠江三角洲为例
1.工业化和城市化的背景及地理条件
⑴发达国家和地区的产业结构调整：①第二产业所占比重不断下降，第三产业所占比重不断上升;②工业内部，劳动力和资源密集型产业所占比重不断下降，技术、知识密集型产业所占比重不断上升。
⑵国家的对外开放政策：最先改革开放的地区，给予许多优惠政策，使珠江三角洲地区优先于其他地区吸引外资。
⑶良好的区位条件：位于我国南部沿海，毗邻港澳，靠近东南亚;发挥劳动力丰富、地价低廉的优势，就近接受港澳产业的扩散，利用港澳贸易渠道，大量出口商品。
⑷全国的侨乡之一。
2.工业化城市化推进的阶段
⑴工业化的推进：①第一阶段：1979—1990年，劳动密集型产业成为这一阶段的主导产业。②第二阶段：1990年以后，高技术产业产业逐渐取代劳动密集型产业而成为主导产业。
3.问题与对策
⑴产业升级面临困境(与长三角相比产业基础、科技实力、人才队伍和市场腹地都处于劣势)——产业结构调整：重工业和机械制造业不发达，以产业基础较好的广州市为基地，发展汽车、钢铁、石化、造船等原材料工业与装备制造业，以此推动产业升级。
⑵城市建设相对落后(城市规划建设管理落后，缺少分工合作)——构建大珠江三角洲城市群：构建以广州、深圳、香港为核心的大珠江三角洲城市群。
⑶生态环境问题日趋严重(酸雨、水质型缺水、噪声等)——加强规划与管理。
⑷“城中村”：城市郊区出现的已经转变为以从事工商业为主的村落。
篇2：高二地理必修二的必拿下知识点
一、地理环境与区域发展
1、区域概念：区域是地球表面的空间单位，它是人们在地理差异的基础上，按一定的指标和方法划分出来的。区域既是上一级区域的组成部分，又可进一步划分为下一级区域。
区域的特征：层次性;差异性;整体性;可变性
2、长江三角洲和松嫩平原的异同
相同：都是平原地区，并都位于我国的东部季风区
不同：
①地理位置差异：长江三角洲在我国东部沿海地区的中部，长江的入海口;松嫩平原在我国东北地区的中部
②气候条件差异：长江三角洲在亚热带季风气候区，夏季高温多雨，雨热同期;松嫩平原在温带季风气候区，大陆性稍强，降水较少，温暖季节短，生长期较短，水热条件的组合不如长。
③土地条件差异：长江三角洲以水稻土为主，耕地多为水田，较为分散，人均耕地面积低于全国平均水平;松嫩平原黑土分布广泛，耕地多为旱地，集中连片，人均耕地面积高于全国平均水平。
④矿产资源条件差异：长江三角洲矿产资源贫乏，松嫩平原有较丰富的石油等矿产。
3、区域不同发展阶段地理环境的影响
早期：长江三角洲河流、湖泊和沼泽分布较广，地势平坦，土质黏重。受地理环境的限制，耕作农业发展
缓慢。
农业社会时期：
①船作为交通工具被广泛使用，长江三角洲稠密的水系为扩大交通联系提供了天然水道。
②随着农业生产工具的改进和生产技术的改良，长江三角洲多水而质地黏重的土壤不再成为耕作业的限制条件，农业生产得到较快的发展。
③随着我国历人口从北方至南方几次大规模的迁移，长江三角洲人口越来越稠密。
④优越的气候条件还使得长江三角洲成为我国主要的桑蚕和棉花生产基地。
农业社会后期：
①工商业的发展使长江三角洲人口、城市密集，耕地面积减小。
②耕地被分割得很破碎，不利于机械化的推广，粮食商品率低。
③今天长江三角洲作为全国“粮仓”的地位已逐渐让位于东北平原和华北平原，在全国棉花生产中的地位也比不上新疆南部和华北平原。
地理信息技术在区域地理环境研究中的应用
1、遥感(RS)
主要是获取信息，对地表物体进行远距离的感知。
工作过程：物体辐射和反射电磁波→收集→传输→信息处理、信息分析→专业图件统计数字
目标物→传感器→遥感地面系统→成果
特点和优点：可以首先从面上的区域分析研究入手，然后有重点地选择若干点、线进行野外验证和检查。不仅可以提高研究工作的精度和质量，而且节省人力、财力，提高效率。
2、全球定位系统(GPS)
主要功能是定位，在全球范围内实时进行导航、定位的系统。如，可以精确定位某地理事物的三维坐标(经度，纬度和海拔)，还可为飞机、船舶、汽车导航。
由三大部分组成：空间部分—GPS卫星星座(共24颗，其中21颗工作卫星，3颗备用卫星);地面控制部分—地面监控系统;用户设备部分—GPS信号接收机
特点：全能性(陆地、海洋、航空和航天)、全球性、全天候、连续性、实时性
3、地理信息系统(GIS)
专门处理地理空间数据的计算机系统，用于所有用到地图或需要处理地理空间数据的领域。在区域地理环境研究和城市管理中得到应用。
优点：①信息量大，使用方便;②功能强大;③动态监测(GIS与RS相结合)
4、地理信息技术与数字地球
数字地球是指数字化的地球，即把整个地球信息进行数字化后，由计算机网络来管理的技术系统。
篇3：高二学年度生物的必拿下知识点
1.人类活动对演替的影响
(1)人类活动对生物群落演替的影响很大。人类有目的、有意识进行的生产活动可以对生物之间、人类与其他生物之间以及生物与环境之间的相互关系加以控制，甚至可以改造或重建起新的关系。
(2)人类活动往往会使群落演替按照不同于自然演替的速度和方向进行。
①砍伐森林、填湖造地、捕杀动物等生产活动，使群落向不良方向演替，不利于生态系统稳定性的维持。
②封山育林、治理沙漠、管理草原等生产活动，使群落演替向
良性方向发展，对于改善生态环境、实现经济和环境的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。
2.外来物种的引入
(1)人类活动中，会有意或无意地将一个新物种引入到某一群落之中，在适宜条件下，新物种会迅速成为优势种，破坏原有群落的稳定性。
(2)外来物种的负面影响
①影响生物的多样性
外来物种由于缺乏天敌造成大量繁殖，使本地物种生存空间变小，甚至影响到本地物种生存，降低物种多样性。
②破坏生态系统的平衡
外来物种大量繁殖形成优势种，使本地物种已适应的栖息环境发生改变，破坏了本地生态系统原有的相对稳定，导致生态系统的平衡被破坏。
3.退耕还林、还草、还湖
(1)我国存在的问题：过度垦荒造成水土严重流失，江河排洪能力下降及土地严重沙化。
(2)措施：1月20日起开始实施《退耕还林条例》明确提出退耕还林、还草、还湖，退牧还草。
(3)目标：到将使长江上游地区和黄河中上游地区75%的坡耕地和46%的沙化耕地被森林覆盖，湖泊面积扩大，调节气候和洪水流量的功能大大增强。
篇4：高二学年度生物的必拿下知识点
甲状腺激素功能：
⑴、促进生长发育(作用最明显是在婴儿时期)
⑵、促进新陈代谢：产热效应，提高组织的耗氧量，增加产热。
⑶、正常剂量时甲状腺激素主要是促进蛋白质合成;大剂量时促进糖的吸收和肝糖元的分解，升高
血糖，促进脂肪酸氧化，促进蛋白质的分解。
⑷、神经系统的兴奋性，使心肌收缩力增强，心率加快。
⑸、甲状腺激素分泌异常：(由碘缺乏或甲状腺结构病变引起)
①、婴幼儿时期缺乏：发育不良，尤其脑发育有缺陷，人患呆小症。
②、成年后缺乏：人表现为食欲不振，体态臃肿，代谢缓慢，智力衰退，反应迟钝等。
③、成年后过多：表现为食欲旺盛，代谢旺盛，体温偏高，身体消瘦;反应敏捷，性格暴躁等甲亢症状。
④、若饮食缺碘，则可能同时发生甲状腺增生肿大的地方性甲状腺肿大——地甲症。
胸腺素功能：与免疫有关。
培育T淋巴细胞：骨髓的淋巴干细胞通过血液进入胸腺中分化发育成T淋巴细胞。
胰岛激素功能：
⑴、胰高血糖素：抑制肝糖原的合成和葡萄糖的氧化分解以及葡萄糖向脂肪、氨基酸等非糖物质的转化。
促进肝糖原水解成葡萄糖，促进脂肪、氨基酸等非糖物质转化成葡萄糖。⑵、胰岛素：抑制肝糖原水解成葡萄糖，促进脂肪、氨基酸等非糖物质转化成葡萄糖。促进肝糖原合成和葡萄糖氧化分解以及葡萄糖向脂肪、氨基酸等非糖物质的转化。
⑶、胰岛素分泌异常：胰岛素分泌不足，机体糖代谢障碍，细胞吸收和利用葡萄糖困难，出现高血糖，
进而发生糖尿。胰岛素严重不足，机体患糖尿病。
篇5：高二英语必拿下的知识点
1.做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Looking after children is her job.
To clean the classroom is his job today.
2.做宾语：
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.
(1).有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。
He refused to speak on the radio.
He desired to see you.
(2)..有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的“依据往事或经验来作出理解和判断”的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。
短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等
短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等
The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.
She can't stand having nothing to do at home.
His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.
All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
It's no good learning without practicing.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.
(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如;like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer.omit(省略)，begin，start.
The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.
I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.
注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：
A.remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：
Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.
I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
Don't forget to write to me soon.
I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)
I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.
I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)
B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……;mean doing：意味着，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，
I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.
C.stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语;stop doing停止干……，动名词作宾语。
After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.
After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.
D.try：try to do，努力，试图干……事;try doing：试着干……事
He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.
He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.
E.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，表示“需要、该……”;接不定式，表示“想，要干……”
The room wants cleaning.
The bike requires repairing.
These young trees require looking after.
The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)
A Mr. Wang wants to see you.
You don't need to leave so early.
F.go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。
go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。
After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.
After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.
G.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.
The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.
She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.
Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here.
3.做宾补：
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.
They had the lights burning all night long.
I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.
The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.
Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.
When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.
When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.
4.做表语：
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。
Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)
Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)
The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)
They are very tired after a long walk.
The door is locked now.
The children are well dressed these days.
5.做定语：
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
the boiling water=the water that is boiling
drinking water=water for drinking
Today I have a letter to write.
Please find a man to help us.
It is a good chance to practise your spoken English.
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.
The woman standing over there is our English teacher.
The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.
The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.
The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.
6.做状语：
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末;分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。单独的动名词不能做状语，在介词后形成介词短语，从而做状语。
(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。
The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.
I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.
In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.
(2).时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.
Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.
Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
(3).原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
I am sorry to hear that you are not well.
I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.
There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted.
Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.
Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.
(4).条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.
United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.
Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.
(5).结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。
现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
He arrived late to find the train gone.
I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.
He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.
His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy。
I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.
(6).让步状语：通常有过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.
Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
(7).伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.
She came running towards us.
They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.
He went into the house, followed by some children.
He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.
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