高考英语语法学习指导：非谓语及时态与语态实例点拨
“xiaofang1998”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了4篇高考英语语法学习指导：非谓语及时态与语态实例点拨，今天小编在这给大家整理后的高考英语语法学习指导：非谓语及时态与语态实例点拨，我们一起来看看吧！
篇1：高考英语语法学习指导：非谓语及时态与语态实例点拨
高考英语语法时态与语态实例点拨
一般现在时(经常、习惯、真理格言、时刻表、主将从现)
do / does am / is / are done
常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔)
翻译：
1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我们每两周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作业每天都做。(用被动语态)
Homework is done everyday.
5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。
Youll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes.
补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义
9.我打算上一所重点大学。
I expect to go to a key university.
做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态
一.一般过去式
did was/were done
常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,
翻译：
1.我小学上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.过去，他写了五部小说。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是时候努力学习了。
Its high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)
has / have done has / have been done
常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,
1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了个英语单词了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英语有了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去过伦敦吗?
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.I ____havent found________(find) the book till now.
---Dont worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、过去完成时
had done had been done
常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,
过去完成时的用法：
1.过去的过去;到过去某个时间为止的动作
2.hardly/scarely(过完) when(一般过去)
no sooner(过完) than(一般过去) 表示刚就
3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) 那是第几次做
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为原本
1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、现在进行时
am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
现在进行时的用法：
1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作;
2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作;
3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪
1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她现在正在大学学英语。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他总是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教学楼正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、过去进行时
was/were doing was/were being done
常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间;atoclock + 过去时间;fromto+过去时间; those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢?
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般将来时
will do will be done
1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
It doesnt matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)
5. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。(要求或命令他人做某事)
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a weeks time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。
八、过去将来时
would do would be done
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do .when该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。
1.他说他会在车站等我们。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、将来进行时
will be + doing will be being done
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
明天这会我正在写作业。
Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、将来完成时
will have +done will have been done
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o‘clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。
到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
高考英语语法非谓语学习指导
1.语法单句填空
引入范例：
动词 ing(现在分词)
*More highways have been built in China，____ (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
答案 making
动词 ed分词(过去分词)
*Recently the father has found his son increasingly ___ attracted ___ to the Internet games.
句意：最近那位父亲发现他的儿子越来越沉溺于网络游戏。宾语his son与attract为逻
辑上的被动关系。
动词 to do(不定式)
Group activities will be organized after class (help) children develop team spirit.(重庆，11)
答案 to help
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：将在课后组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的。英语中表示目的时应当使用动词不定式。
其他情况
The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.(四川，10)
答案 to be completed
(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014福建，27)
答案 Having spent
解析 考查非谓语动词。花费和其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，故用现在分词;且动作发生在谓语动作之前，用现在分词的完成式
1.Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. (湖南)
2.Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(14福建)
3.Having been shown (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the Olympic Games.(08陕西)
4.Standing(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012陕西)
5. Tired (tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(09浙江)
6.The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house. (全国I)
7. George returned after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.(2012山东)
8.The lecture having been given (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江苏)
9.To free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)
10.Absorbed (absorb) in the book she was reading, Mary didnt notice me approaching.
11.Children, whenaccompanied (accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南)
12.Though surprised (surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(全国Ⅱ卷)
13.Though lacking (lack)money, his parents managed to send him to university.
14.While crossing (cross) the street, you cant be too careful.
15.When completed ( complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
16. The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different deions of the fight. (2013陕西)
17.His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西)
18.Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change)lives, including your own.(2013北京)
19.Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (全国春)
20.There is a note pinned to the door saying (say)when the shop will open again. (2014山东)
21.With the governments aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (上海)
22.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)
23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had hadrepaired (repair) went wrong again. (上海)
24.Tom was explaining to us and he was trying to make himself understood(understand).
25.With many brightly colored flowersplanted (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
26.Lost (lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05江苏)
27.As the old saying goes, friendship is like money easier made than kept (keep).
28.When she was on his way back home, she had her wallet stolen (steal) yesterday.
29.Caught (catch) in the heavy rain, he was all wet.
30.Given (give) more time, we could do it much better.
31.Dressed (dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
32.Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
33.Driven (drive)by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
34.Seen (see) from the top of hill, the town looks more beautiful.
35.When they got there, the girl was found beaten ( beat) black and blue.
36.The club, founded (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
37.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).
38.I am not accustomed tobeing treated ( treat) like this.
39. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked
41. Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared ( compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
2.语法单句改错
1.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(辽understand
2.He wantedteach me about animals, insects and trees.(2014 陕西)toteach
3.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新课标全国)
hold
4. She never seemedcare what the rest of us thought about her. to care
5.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.
give
6.A very much famous writer agreed to reading my story and give me some advice.
read
7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, had our barbecue.(2014 陕西)having
8.Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陕西)
Feeling
9.Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings.(2011辽宁)Following
10.Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing.(2012大纲全国II)used
11.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012陕西)taken
12.The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister. embarrassed
13.Im pleasing to hear it, said his boss, but where were you yesterday?pleased
14.After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.(四川)thinking
15.He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013新课标)
talking
16.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (20新课标Ⅱ)Having
17.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. (2012四川) teaching
18.I soon got used to live without my parents around.(2011重庆)living
19.The foreigner tried his best to make his pointbe understood.划去be
20.They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.tied
21. Mark got his hands to burnt in the accident.划去to
22. What kept you so exciting? excited
23.You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. heard
24.I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident. held
25.She denied there be any misunderstanding between them.being
26. There were so many people in the street watch the fire that firefighters couldnt get close to the building .watching
27.Weatherpermits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitting
篇2：考研英语语法复习指导时态与语态
考研英语语法复习指导时态与语态
时态、语态需要掌握的要点：
1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时：
(1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell;
(2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate;
(3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose;
(4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳);
(5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。
如：
I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.
(考研题， belong表示归属，不用于进行式)
He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.
(1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式)
2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式：
(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图;
(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;
(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如：
Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.
(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做)，如：
Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.
(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用;
(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件，如：
If you want your film to be properly processed, you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.
(画线部分一般不用will be)
(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：
I don’t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句)
I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句)
比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句)
(8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.
(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
3.完成时是时态测试的.重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：
(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。如：
We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.
(表示19时已发生的情况)
(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如：
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.
(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。如：
The changes that howe taken place place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.
It is four years since John left school.
(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如：
It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
(5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when/before…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。
(6)其他与完成时连用的时间状语：all this while, all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet等。
4.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。如：
The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.
The school board listened quietly as John read the demand that his followers had been demonstrating for.
时态、语态答题思路：
(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案;
(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。
大学网考研频道.篇3：高考英语语法时态与语态的句子背诵
一般现在时（经常、习惯、真理格言、时刻表、主将从现）
do / does → am / is / are done
常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔…) …
翻译：1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我们每两周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作业每天都做。（用被动语态）
Homework is done everyday.
5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes.
补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义
9.我打算上一所重点大学。
I expect to go to a key university.
做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态
一．一般过去式
did → was/were done
常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,…
翻译：1.我小学上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.过去，他写了五部小说。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是时候努力学习了。
It’s high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)
has / have done →has / have been done
常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,…
1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了个英语单词了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英语有了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去过伦敦吗？
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.—I ____haven’t found________(find) the book till now.
---Don’t worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、过去完成时
had done → had been done
常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,…
过去完成时的用法：
1.过去的过去；到过去某个时间为止的动作
2.hardly/scarely(过完)… when(一般过去)
no sooner(过完)… than(一般过去) 表示“刚…就…”
3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) “那是第几次做…”
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本…”
1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、现在进行时
am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done
现在进行时的用法：
1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作；
2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；
3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪
1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她现在正在大学学英语。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他总是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教学楼正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、过去进行时
was/were doing → was/were being done
常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间；at…o’clock + 过去时间；from…to…+过去时间； those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢？
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般将来时will do → will be done
1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.——Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——It doesn’t matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)
5. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。（要求或命令他人做某事）
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a week’s time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。
八、过去将来时would do → would be done
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do ….when…该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。
1.他说他会在车站等我们。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、将来进行时will be + doing→ will be being done
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
明天这会我正在写作业。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、将来完成时will have +done → will have been done
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
篇4：高考英语语法填空代词知识点与非谓语动词之分词表
高考英语语法填空代词知识点
定义 代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词：
代词在句子中的功用
a)和名词一样，可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样，可作定语。如：
a) I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)
This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰·史密斯。(作主语)
Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语)
That's all.我的话完了。(作表语)
b)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)
All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语)
3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化，如 I 我(主格)，me我(宾格)，Who谁(主格)，whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格，如whose谁的，other's别人的，somebody's某人的，one's一个人的。
4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同，如one-ones，other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等，其复数形式与此不同，须个别记忆。
5)有或没有冠词 代词之前一般不用冠词，只有少数例外。如：the other，the others，a few，a little等。
种类
英语有下列几种代词：
1)人称代词(personal pronoun)
a)主格：I，he，she，it，we，you，they.
b)宾格：me，him，her，it，us，you，them.
2)物主代词(possessive pronoun)：
a)形容词性物主代词：my，his，her，its;our，your，their.
b)名词性物主代词：mine，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs.
3)自身代词(self-pronoun)：myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，oneself.
4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)：each other，one another.
5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)：this，that，these，those，such，same.
6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，what.
7)关系代词(relative pronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，that.
8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun)：some，something，somebody，someone，any，anything，anybody，anyone，no，nothing，nobody，no one，every，everything，everybody，everyone，each，much，many，little，a little，few，a few，other，another，all，none，one，both，either，neither.
人称代词概说
表示“我'，、”你“、”他“、”我们“、”你们“、”他们“等的词，叫做人称代词。
人称代词的用法
1)人称代词主格的用法
a)作主语
I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks，
You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.
He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers.
She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses.
It is a cart.(大车) They are carts.
b)作表语
It's I .是我。 Oh，it's you. 噢，是你。
[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)
[注二]口语习惯上不说it's I (he, she等)，而说It's me (him，her等)。
2)人称代词宾格的用法
a)作及物动词的宾语
The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。
This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?
b)作介词的宾语
My brother often writes tome.我弟弟常给我写信。
They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。
3)人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：
a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：
We believe that China will make still greater progress in shipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：
That's the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - going freighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。
The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。
c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：
The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。
d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在”they say“中。如：
They say there's going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。
物主代词概说
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。
物主代词的用法
1)形容词性物主代词用作定语
I love my work in the hospital.我喜欢我在医院的工作。
How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少学生?
There are many good teachers in our school.我们学校有许多好老师。
I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains.
我上星期六看了一个电影，名叫《平原游击队》。
2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语
a)用作主语：
Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层，他们的在二层。
Ours is a socialist country.我们的国家是社会主义国家。
b)用作宾语：
I didn't borrow her dictionary. I borrowed his.我没有借她的字典，我借的是他的。
c)用作表语：
Whose pencil is this?-It is hers.这是谁的铅笔?
--是她的。
These tools are ours.这些工具是我们的。
[注]”of+名词性物主代词“和2.12的”of+名词所有格“的用法完全一样。如：
a friend of mine我的一个朋友(表示部分观念，意即我有不少朋友，他(她)是其中之一)
this lovely child of yours你的这个可爱的孩子(有感情色彩)
自身代词概说
表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身)或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词叫做自身代词。
自身代词的用法
1)在句中作宾语，表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如：
Please help yourself to some lea.请自己用茶。(作help的宾语)
The girl is too young to look after herself.这女孩太小，还不能照顾自己。(作look after的宾语)
He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself他总是帮助别人，从不想到自己。(作thought of的宾语)
2)在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，作”亲自“、”本人“解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句子末尾。如：
You yourself said so.你自己是这样说的。
The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。
I fixed the window myself.这窗户是我自己装的。
相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。
相互代词的用法
1)作宾语。如：
Do you often see one another?你们彼此常见面吗?
New and old students learn from each other.新老同学相互学习。.
John and Tom helped each other.约翰和汤姆相互帮助。
2)作定语时须用所有格。如：
We are interested in one another's work.我们关心彼此的工作。
The students corrected each other's mistakes in their homework.学生相互改作业中的错误。
Students cut each other's hair.同学们相互理发。
3)each和other有时可分开用。如：
Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home.两个人都彼此劝说对方留在家里。
指示代词概说
表示”这个“、”那个“、”这些“、”那些“等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。
指示代词有：this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些，it那个，这个，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同样的，同样的事物。
指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的功用
指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：
This is a plane，这是一架飞机。(作主语)
Oh，it's not that.噢，问题不在那儿。(作表语)
How do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?(作宾语)
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)
指示代词ins，these，that， those的其它用法
1)This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如：
This is a sickle and that is an axe.这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.这些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里，穷人生活很苦。
2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害，所以我没有来。
Those two statements are not true.那两种说法是不真实的。
What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。
chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words：”A great life A glorious death“毛主席用下面的话表彰刘胡兰：”生的伟大，死的光荣。“
3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)
The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)
4)This和that有时作状语用，表示”程度“，意谓”这么“和”那么“。如：
The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。
I don't want that much.我不要那么多。
It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。
如：
Who is it?――it's me.是谁?--是我。
Oh, it's you，Lao Wang.哦，是你呀，老王。
Such和same也是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作：
1)定语
The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。
We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。
[注] such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在Such之后，如上面第一例。
2)相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)
The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)
Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么，就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)
His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语)
[注]注意在same之前一般须用定冠词the。
疑问代词概说
”疑问代词有who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪个，哪些)等。
疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中
疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)
Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)
Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语，但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)
Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)
What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语)
What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)
Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)
[注一]关于疑问代词的各种用法，可参看77.70-77.72。
[注二]疑问代词who，what，which等后面加单词ever，可强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。如：
What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁?
[注三]which表示在一定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。如：
What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?
Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个?
Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人?
疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句
间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑问句中又担任一定的句子成分。如：
Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项工作，现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句，它本身又在从句中用作主语。)
Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导一个宾语从句，而它本身又在从句中用作表语。)
[注一] what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。如：
What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于that which。它引导一个主语从句，这个从句不是间接疑问句。)
Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩子干什么他们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句，这个从句也不是间接疑问句。)
[注二] whatever，whoever，whichever等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72)如：
They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。)
I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下许多书，谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语。)
关系代词
两种可用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词
这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分，可作主语、宾语、定语等;另一方面又起连词的作用。这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。(关于疑问代词，见4.18)
关系代词概说
关系代词有who，whose，whom，that，which等，用来引导定语从句。它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语或表语;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫做先行词)。如：
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科大夫。(关系代词who在从句中用作土语，它的先行词是man)
He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是comrade，whom在口语中一般可省去)
The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.儿子在海军的那位老人过去是个木匠。
(关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，先行词为man)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.我昨晚看的那部电影说的是一个年轻教师的事。(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语，先行词为film, which在口语中可省略)
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，先行词为plane)
不定代词概说
不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词有：
some 一些(可数或不可数)
somebody 某人
someone 某人
something某物，某事
any一些，任何(可数或不可数)
anybody任何人
anyone任何人
anything任何事物
no 无(可数或不可数)
nobody无人
no one无一人
nothing无物
all全体，全部
both两个
neither没有人或物(指两个当中)
none没有人或物(指两个以上)
either任何一个(指两个当中)
each每个
every每个
everybody每人，大家，人人
everyone每人
everything每一个事物，一切
other (s)另一个(些)
another另外一个，又一个
much很多(不可数)
many很多(可数)
few很少(可数)
a few一些，几个(可数)
little很少(不可数)
a little一些(不可数)
one一个(人或物)
不定代词的用法
不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
1)用作主语
Both of them are waiters.他们俩人都是男侍者。
Is everybody here?人都到了吗?
2)用作宾语
I know little about the novel关于这本小说我知道的很少。
I am speaking for myself，not for others.我只代表自己，不代表别人发言。
I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我对于这位老人告诉我的一切都感兴趣。
3)用作表语
That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就讲这一些。现在下课。
This book is too much for me.这本书对我说太难了。
4)用作定语
Study well and make progress every day.好好学习，天天向上。
He has some English books.他有一些英文书。
china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.再过二十年中国将成为现代化强国。
[注]有些不定代词也可用作同位语和状语。如：
Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李两人都有很大进步。(同位语)
They all went to the Zoo.他们都去动物园了。(同位语)
Are you any good at mathematics?你数学好吗?(状语)
The meeting lasted some two hours.会议进行了两个小时左右。(状语)
复合不定代词
由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。
1)复合不定代词有
a) somebody 某人 someone某人
something某物，某事
b) anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人
anything任何事物
c) nobody 无一人no one无一人
nothing [5nQWiN]无一物
d)everybody，everyone每人，大家，人人
everything每一个事物，一切
2)复合不定代词的用法
a)复合不定代词只相当于名词，在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)
I have got nothing to say.我没有什么话要说。(作宾语)
something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：
Have you anything to say about this question? -No, I haven't anything to say. (或I have nothing to say.)(或Yes, I have something to say.) 关于这个问题，你有什么话要讲吗?--我没有什么话要讲。(我有话要说。)
She told them something about her work.她跟他们谈了一些关于她的工作上的事。(作宾语)
b)复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词须放在它们的后面。如：
There is nothing wrong with the lathe.这个车床没有毛病。
is there anything important in today's newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?
I need somebody strong to help me.我需要一个体格强壮的人帮助我。
非谓语动词之分词
名称 | 语态 | 结构形式 | 时间概念及主被动关系 | 举例 | |
现 在 分 词 | 一般式 | 主动 | （not）doing | 与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作 | Singing a song, he was watching TV. |
被动 | (not) being done | 与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作 | Being punished, he is crying. | ||
完成式 | 主动 | (not)having done | 发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作 | Having finished the course, we had an exam. | |
被动 | (not) having been done | 发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作 | Having been warned several times， they became more careful in doing the job. | ||
过去分词 | （not）done | 1. 可以只表一个被动的动作； 2. 可以只表一个完成的动作（即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作）； 3. 可以同时既表被动又表完成的动作（即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作）； | 1. Seen from the hill，the town looks nice.（只表被动） 2. The fallen leaves are yellow. （只表完成） 3. The returned books looks new.（既 表被动又表完成） |
【高考英语语法学习指导：非谓语及时态与语态实例点拨】相关文章：
文档为doc格式
