同位语从句的引导词有哪些
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篇1:同位语从句的引导词有哪些
同位语从句引导词
定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:that,when,where,why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
1.引导词that
引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。不能省略。
例如:
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.
②We heard the news that our team had won.
在①句中,加粗部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news。
在②句中,加粗部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用。
2.引导词when,where,why
引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。
例如:
①I will never forget the day when I joined the army.
②We have no idea when she was born.
在①句中,加粗部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式;
在②句中,加粗部分是同位语从句, when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。
③This is the house where I lived two years ago.
④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.
在③句中,加粗部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式;
在④句中,加粗部分是同位语从句, where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。
⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting.
⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent.
在⑤句中,加粗部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式;
在⑥句 中,加粗部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。
定语从句和同位语从句区别
1.被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
2.从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的'具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
3.引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
4.引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5.判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
篇2:英语语法从句引导词
1.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
→限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。如:
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。如:
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。如:
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。如:
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*→非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。如:
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。如:
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。如:
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
2.状语从句
→时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
→地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
→原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
→条件和让步状语从句
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
→方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
篇3:宾语从句引导词有哪些
宾语从句引导词:
1、陈述句:如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略),表示陈述一件事实,主句谓语动词表示确定,不疑问;that在句中无任何意义时,不充当句子成分,常被省略。
2、一般疑问句:如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could) youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后;从句句意完整,不缺成分。
3、特殊疑问句:如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。主句谓语动词,表示疑问不确定含义,要用疑问引导宾语从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可以省略。
篇4:where引导什么从句先行词是什么
引导主语从句
where用于引导主语从句时,通常可直接位于句首。
1、Where we stay doesn't matter. 我们住在哪儿没有什么关系。
2、Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
3、Where he has surpassed every other English writer is in his ballads and songs. 他胜过英国其他作家之处在于他的民歌与歌谣。
有时也可在句首使用形式主语it,而将由where引导的主语从句置于句末。如:
1、It's not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
2、It doesn't matter where we go on holiday. 在假日里我们到哪儿去都行。
3、It's a nightmare worrying where the children might be. 担心孩子们在哪里简直是一场噩梦。
引导表语从句
用于引导表语从句,主要用作连系动词be的表语,此时句子主语通常是this或that。
1、That's where he lives. 那就是他所住的地方。
2、That's where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
3、This is where our basic interest lies. 这是我们的`根本利益所在。
4、That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
5、This is where they bottle the milk. 这就是他们用瓶子装牛奶的地方。
6、This is where I part company with the professor. 这是我和教授的意见相左之处。
7、This is where the waters of Amazon flow out into the sea. 这就是亚马孙河入海的地方。
8、This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方。
篇5:英语语法从句引导词that和where
很多同学可能都会觉得在使用定语从句的时候,有时不知该选择that还是which作为引导词。其实只要记得以下几点,并多做练习,在具体的句子中加以理解,一切问题就可以迎刃而解了。
首先,that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫“关宾省”,意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句,that则不行。
其次,记得以下只能用that的几种情况:
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如:We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如:You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候,我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如: This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。
如:I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。
如:Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪个是离地球比较近的星星?
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如:That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。
如:I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
最后,请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:
1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。
如: The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 例如: This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如:you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。
如: She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。
He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象,他开车开得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。
篇6:宾语从句的引导词有哪些
宾语从句引导词
1、陈述句:如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略),表示陈述一件事实,主句谓语动词表示确定,不疑问;that在句中无任何意义时,不充当句子成分,常被省略。
2、一般疑问句:如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could) you?tell?me表示疑问不确定意义的词之后;从句句意完整,不缺成分。
3、特殊疑问句:如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。主句谓语动词,表示疑问不确定含义,要用疑问引导宾语从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可以省略。
宾语从句
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的'宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
篇7:英语语法状语从句引导词总结
时间状语从句
常用引导词:when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until
特殊引导词:the minute、the moment、the second、every time、the day、immediately、directly、no sooner…than(一……就……)、hardly…when(刚一……就……)、scarcely…when(几乎没有…的时候)
地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever、anywhere、everywhere
原因状语从句
常用引导词:because、since、as、for
特殊引导词:seeing that、now that、in that、considering that、given that
结果状语从句
常用引导词:so…that、such…that
特殊引导词:such that、to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that
目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that、such that
特殊引导词:to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that、in order that
条件状语从句
常用引导词:if、unless、whether(whether…or not)
特殊引导词:as/so long as、only if、providing/provide that、supposing that、in case that、on condition that
让步状语从句
常用引导词:though、although、even if、even though
特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)、while(一般用在句首)、no matter…、in spite of the fact that、whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever、however、whichever
方式状语从句
常用引导词:as、as if、how
特殊引导词:the way
比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较)、than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more…the more…、just as…、so…、A to B is what/as C is to D、no…more than、not so much A as B
篇8:如何确定定语从句的引导词
如何确定定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词有where, when, why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。现分述如下:1. 定语从句如果修饰人,常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。例如:
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用whom或that, 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如:
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是,如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如:
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose。例如:
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗?
whose的先行词也可是物。例如:
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2. 定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。例如:
It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。例如:
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的`那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。例如:
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
3. 定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时,用关系副词when。例如:
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
4. 定语从句修饰地点名词时,用关系副词where。例如:
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
5. 定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时,用关系副词why。例如:
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
篇9:九大状语从句引导词总结
九大状语从句引导词总结
1、时间状语从句
常用引导词:when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until
特殊引导词:the minute、the moment、the second、every time、the day、immediately、directly、no sooner…than(一……就……)、hardly…when(刚一……就……)、scarcely…when(几乎没有…的时候)
2、地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever、anywhere、everywhere
3、原因状语从句
常用引导词:because、since、as、for
特殊引导词:seeing that、now that、in that、considering that、given that
4、结果状语从句
常用引导词:so…that、such…that
特殊引导词:such that、to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that
5、目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that、such that
特殊引导词:to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that、in order that
6、条件状语从句
常用引导词:if、unless、whether(whether…or not)
特殊引导词:as/so long as、only if、providing/provide that、supposing that、in case that、on condition that
7、让步状语从句
常用引导词:though、although、even if、even though
特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)、while(一般用在句首)、no matter…、in spite of the fact that、whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever、however、whichever
8、方式状语从句
常用引导词:as、as if、how
特殊引导词:the way
9、比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较)、than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more…the more…、just as…、so…、A to B is what/as C is to D、no…more than、not so much A as B
【同位语从句的引导词有哪些】相关文章:
1.同位语从句例句
10.定语从句课件
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