人教版八年级第一学期语法复习I：典型时态
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篇1：人教版八年级第一学期语法复习I：典型时态
复习I：典型时态
知识归纳与总结
1. 一般现在时与现在进行时的比较
2. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
3. 一般过去时与过去完成时的比较
4. Be going to +do 与will/shall+do的比较
5. 现在完成时的持续性用法
【典型例题】
1. The boy always stays there for .
A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour
C. one and half hours D. one and a half hours
答案：D
解析：表示“整数＋一半”的时间段有两种方法：① 基数词＋a half＋名词复数 ② 不定冠词或基数词＋名词＋a half 如：“一个半小时”可译为：one and a half hours 或 an／one hour and a half。
2. The doctor did what he could that child .
A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving
答案：B
解析：通过分析句子成分可知此题考查动词不定式作状语。
3. Sorry，Miss Wang . I the key to the door of the classroom at home . I have to go back for it . A. left B. missed C. forgot D. lost
答案：A
解析：“leave＋sth.＋地点状语”表示“把某物忘在了某处”，其中的 leave 不能用 forget。
4. -Don’t you think all the programmes are good？
- Some of the programmes are interesting，but others aren’t.
A. Yes，I do B. Yes , I don’t C. No , I do D. No，I don’t
答案：D
解析：否定式的一般疑问句的答语与汉语表达习惯不同，事实是肯定的，就用 yes；事实是否定的，就用 no。
5. The more you learn，the more you can get a job .
A. easily B. easier C. easy D. easiest
答案：A
解析：“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……越……”。
6. This is the most beautiful park I have visited.（厦门）
A. ever B. never C. not D. yet
答案：A
解析：由句意可知。
7. The twin sisters have learned a lot they came to China.（北京东城区）
A. when B. as soon as C. since D. after
答案：C
解析：“since＋时间点”（如：since 1980，since two years ago , …）或“since＋一般过去时的句子”表示一段时间，常用于现在完成时的句子。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 完形填空：
A thousand years ago, Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest. As more and more people came to 1 in Hong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is _2_forest left, though there are still some small areas covered with trees .We call these woods .Elephants, tigers, and many __3__animals were living in the thick forest. When people came to live in Hong Kong, the __4___began to die out. Early farmers grew rice and ___5__ pigs and chickens in the valleys, They cut down the trees and burnt them. They needed ___6__ to keep themselves warm in winter, to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough food for them. ___7__ did most of the wolves and tigers. Monkeys and many other animals soon ___8__in the same way.
You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong __9___in the zoos. But there are still about 36 different animals ___10___there. One of the most interesting of Hong Kong’s animals is the barking deer. These are beautiful little animals__11__ a rich brown coat and a white patch under the tail. They look like deer but they are much smaller. They are less than two feet（英尺）___12___. They ___13___a noise rather like a dog barking. There are now not many barking deer __14____. So it is important ___15____people to protect wild animals.
1. A. work B. study C. live D. enjoy
2. A. many B. a few C. no D. much
3. A. other B. others C. the other D. another
4. A. people B. animals C. plants D. things
5. A. grew B. made C. got D. kept
6. A. fire B. hotness C. heat D. light
7. A. So B. Such C. As D. Nor
8. A. lived B. died C. came D. left
9. A. besides B. except C. with D. against
10. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
11. A. about B. without C. with D. between
12 .A. tall B. high C. short D. small
13. A. shout B. bring C. make D. take
14. A. lived B. left C. stayed D. stood
15. A. to B. for C. like D. of
二. 阅读理解：
（A）
Over thirty thousand years ago people from northern Asia（亚洲北部）went to America. Today, we call these people Indians（印第安人）.
The Indians went to America because the weather began to change. Northern Asia became very cold. Everything froze. They had to move or die. How did the first Indians go to America? They walked!
Later Columbus found the New World in 1492. At first, only a few Europeans followed（跟随）. They traveled to America in boats. For the next three hundred years, about 500,000 people went there. Then the number grew very quickly. From 1815 to 1915, over thirty-two million Europeans left their countries and went to the United States. The biggest groups were from Germany and Italy（意大利）. These Europeans spoke many different languages. Most of them took almost no money. They went to America so that they could find a better life.
1. went to America first.
A. People from northern Asia B. People from Europe
C. People from Germany D. Columbus
2. Why did the Indians go to America? Because .
A. northern Asia became very hot B. northern Asia became very cold
C. they were interested in America D. they liked traveling
3. The first Europeans went to America .
A. by plane B. by bike C. by boat D. by train
4. These Europeans .
A. didn’t speak the same language B. spoke English only
C. spoke German only D. spoke both English and German
5. The Europeans went to America in order to .
A. find the New World B. find a better life
C. build more boats D. learn English
（B）
If you are just starting to collect stamps, here is some advice for you to follow.
At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. The ones which you decide not to keep can be traded with other people. Never throw stamps away.
Don’t keep the envelope, unless it is unusual（与众不同）. However, do keep the envelope if it is the first date when that particular stamp is used. Some people are very interested in these “first day covers”.
Sooner or later you will decide that you want to collect a certain kind of stamps. It may be stamps from a particular country, or stamps of a particular kind, like stamps with a bird design on them, for example. This will make your collecting much more interesting. You can then look for new ones to add to your collection.
Do join group. There is a lot to learn about stamps and others can help you. Also it is great fun. You will soon learn which stamps other people are collecting and they will start to trade stamps with you, too.
Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. You can often pick up packs of used stamps very cheaply.
Old stamps that have not been used are usually more expensive than used stamps. Perhaps at the beginning you may only afford used stamps.
Sooner or later, you will find something unusual. It may even be valuable(有价值的，贵重的). Finally, remember that stamp collecting is fun. It can be exciting to get stamps which you do not have yet. Also, many stamps have unusual and beautiful designs, so enjoy them!
1. What’s the first advice for you when you begin to collect stamp?
A. Throw away the ones you don’t need.
B. Only collect the stamps you need to keep.
C. Collect as many stamps as you can.
D. Only collect the stamps you want to trade with other people.
2. What should you do with the envelope?
A. Keep the envelope if it is unusual.
B. Throw away the envelope after you take off the stamp.
C. Keep the envelope very time.
D. Throw away the envelope before you take off the stamp.
3. What kind of stamps are usually more expensive?
A. Old ones. B. New ones.
C. Old ones that have not been used. D. Old ones that have been used.
4. Which one is not the reason to join a group?
A. To enjoy great fun.
B. To learn something about stamps from other members.
C. To trade stamps with other members.
D. To learn how to make stamps from others.
5. Which one is not true according to the passage?
A. Some people are very interested in the “first day covers”.
B. A “first day cover” is the envelope you firstly used.
C. You can often buy used stamps very cheaply in the stamp sales.
D. Unusual stamps are usually more valuable.
（C）
Is there anything you can do to keep germs（细菌）out of your body?
Think about the three ways that germs come into your body: through breaks in your skin, with the air you breathe, and with food you eat. How can you keep germs from coming in through breaks in your skin?
In the first place, you can be careful, so that you do not hurt yourself. Once you have cut your skin, you must wash the cut at once with soap and hot water. Soap（肥皂）and hot water kill germs or wash them away.
Can you keep germs from coming into your body through your nose and throat? You can’t stop breathing, of course. You can’t help breathing in some germs.
What you can do is to stay away from people if they have colds and other sicknesses made by germs. Some kinds of germs move through the air. They go from one person to another. If you have a cold, you should try not to give your germs to others. Be sure to cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough.
How can you keep germs out of your mouth? One way is by keeping such things as pencils and fingers out of your mouth.
Another way is wash your hands before meals. Then you will not put germs on the food you eat. You should also wash your hands after you use the toilet.
Never use a drinking glass that someone else has used. Wash it first with soap and hot water. Never bite from food if someone else is eating it.
1.The passage is mainly about .
A. the ways that germs come into our body B. how to fight germs
C. how germs make us sick D. where the germ is
2.The second paragraph tries to tell us .
A. how germs come into our bodies
B. how we can keep germs from coming in through breaks in our skin
C. why germs come into our bodies
D. why to protect ourselves
3.We can keep germs from coming into our bodies through our noses and throats when .
A. we stay away from people who have colds and other sicknesses.
B. we stop breathing
C. we do not hurt ourselves
D. one person goes to another person
4. If we have a cold and want to cough we should cover our mouths because .
A. we should keep germs in our mouths.
B. the germs will go from one person to another through the air.
C. we will feel better
D. we give too many germs to others
5. In the last three paragraphs the writer tells us .
A. how to stop germs from coming into our bodies through our mouths.
B. how to keep the food we cat clean
C. what to do to keep our mouths clean
D. what kind of hospital we should go to when we are ill
（D）
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So his business. So he invented a very simple camera（照相机）. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography（摄影术）was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreo type.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travellers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them. For example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike（栩栩如生的）. Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the feelings, like other kinds of art.
1. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of .
A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window
2. The Daguerro type was .
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photography
3. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840s, he had to .
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him
4. Mathew Brady .
A. was very life like B. was famous for his unusual pictures
C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people
5. This passage tells us .
A. how photography was developed
B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in world
D. how to use different cameras
三. 根据句意和首字母或汉语提示写出单词：
1. The people’s Republic of China was f___________ in October, 1949.
2. This term I want to learn how to run quickly and to eat h__________.
3. The policeman prevented the boys from p___________ football in the street.
4. He knows a lot of knowledge t__________ he is a boy of ten.
5. We couldn’t finish the work on time w__________ their help.
6. Four __________ of the students in our school are girls.（九）
7. Edison is one of the greatest ___________ in the world. （发明）
8. It is ___________ for children to touch the button. （危险）
9. Your sweater is made of cotton but mine is __________. （羊毛）
10. Most taxi drivers in Beijing are teaching _______________（自己）English now.
四. 根据第一句完成第二句，使两句意思相同或相近，每个空格限填一词。
1. I can hardly tell what caused the accident.
It’s ________ for me to tell _________ the accident happened.
2. Of all the boys, Jiang Peng plays basketball best.
Of all the boys, nobody_________ plays basketball so __________ as Jiang Peng.
3. People all over the world speak English.
English __________ __________ all over the world.
4. He studies hardest in his class to keep up with the others.
He studies hardest in his class ________ _______ he can catch up with his classmates.
5. My friends don’t know when they will go to the farm tomorrow.
My friends don’t know __________ __________ go to the farm tomorrow.
五. 动词填空：
1. All the football fans know the 17th World Cup _________（begin）on May 31, .
2. The Children __________（dance）under the tree over there. Why not go to join them?
3. -Dr Wu _________（give）us a talk on the history of China tomorrow, won’t he?
-Yes, he is going to tell something important to us.
4. If he ______（work）hard at English, his English will get better sooner or later.
5. Parents must make their children _______（not study）for long hours. It is no good to do so.
6. Many young people enjoy ________（listen）to popular songs. But the old don’t.
7. I meet my friend Jay in the street yesterday. I ___________（not see）him for a long time before.
8. Since scientists invented the computers, many things __________（can do）with them.
9. In the last three years we ___________（learn）about one thousand English words.
10. -I decided __________（buy）some flowers for my English teacher on Teachers’ Day next week. What about you, Lily?
-I’ll send him a book instead.
【试题答案】
一. 1-5 CCABD 6-10 AABBD 11-15 CACBB
二.
（A）
1-5 ABCAB
（B）
1-5 CACDB
（C）
1-5 BAAAA
（D）
1-5 CDDBA
三.
1. founded 2. healthily 3. playing 4. though 5. without
6. ninths 7. inventors 8. dangerous 9. wool（l）en 10. themselves
四.
1. hard（difficult）…why 2. else…well 3. is spoken 4. so that
5. when to
五.
1. began 2. are dancing 3. will give 4. works 5. not study
6. listening 7. hadn’t seen 8. can be done 9. have learned 10. to buy
篇2：人教版八年级第一学期语法复习典型时态 II 及词语辨析
典型时态 II 及词语辨析
知识归纳与总结：
1. 过去完成时用法与结构的总结
2. 过去进行时的5个注意 （构成；基本用法；特殊用法；标志词；与一般过去时的区别）
3. 辨析expect, hope, wish, 和want
4. 辨析family, home, house
5. 辨析few, a few, little, a little
6. 辨析 be filled with, be full of
7. 辨析 find和find out
8. 辨析 find 和look for
【典型例题】
1. She went round the whole building and tried to ______ her lost bike.
A. watch B. see C. look for D. find
答案：D
解析：她绕着大楼走，试图找到丢失的自行车。
2. My father is leaving ______ Dalian tomorrow.
A. to B. at C. for D. on
答案：C
解析：leave for 离开……去某地
3. His joke made all of us ______.
A. happy B. happily C. nice D. interesting
答案：A
解析：make + n.+ a.
4. ______ beautiful bookmarks! Where did you buy them?
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
答案：B
解析：感叹句 What+a.+n.（+主+谓）!
5. There will be a talk ______ Chinese history tomorrow afternoon.
A. with B. in C. on D. for
答案：C
解析：on 关于
6. -Tom ______ be reading in the classroom.
-No, he ______ be there. I saw him in the hall just now.
A. must; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. may; may not D. should; mightn’t
答案：A
解析： must be 表推测（用于肯定句），can’t 表推测（用于否定句）
7. I haven’t finished reading the book Jane Eyre ______.
A. already B. just C. yet D. ever
答案：C
解析：否定句中把already变成yet
8. The old woman ______ her ticket to the cinema just now.
A. lose B. lost C. has lost D. losing
答案：B
解析： just now是刚才的意思， 与一般过去时连用。
9. He found his motorbike ten minutes _____.
A. before B. after C. ago D. later on
答案：C
解析：10分钟之前，他找到他的摩托车。
10. You’ve never made dumplings, ______?
A. didn’t you B. haven’t you C. did you D. have you
答案：D
解析：否定疑问句前面否定，后面肯定。
11. There are green trees on ______ side of the river.
A. both B. every C. each D. all
答案：C
解析：on each side 在任何一边
12. －There is a ticket on the floor, is it yours?
－Oh, yes. It’s mine.
－Let me ______ for you.
A. to pick up it B. pick it up C. pick up it D. to pick it up
答案：B
解析：pick up拾起，代词it放中间
13. －How long can I ______ these books?
－Just one week.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. look at
答案：C
解析：keep 延续性动词与how long 连用
14. －I’ve ______ my pen at home. May I use yours?
－Certainly. Here you are.
A. forgot B. leaved C. forgotten D. left
答案：D
解析：leave 留下，落下
15. －What are you going to do tomorrow?
－_____.
A. If it will be fine, I’ll go to the park with my parents
B. If it doesn’t rain, I go to the park with my parents
C. If it will be fine, I’ll go out for a walk
D. If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go out for a walk
答案：D
解析：如果天不下雨，我将出去散步。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 词汇
（A）根据释义写出单词（单词的第一个字母已给出）。
1. s some, but not many
2. f someone from another country
3. c to write or draw something to look like another thing
4. p to give money for what you buy
5. h interest; what you like to do when you are free
（B）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
6. There are few ______ in this town!（library）
7. How many ______ have you got this term? （subject）
8. We must study hard at school so that we can get enough ______.（know）
9. Jenny is _______ student in our class.（careful）
10. I picked ______ corns than you did.（many）
（C）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
11. Don’t forget ______ the library book on time.（return）
12. I _____ just _____ the interesting story.（read）
13. －______ you ever ______ a letter in English?
－No, never.（write）
14. Hi, Linda!______ you ______ my pet dog anywhere? I can’t find it.（see）
15. －Where is Li Ning?
－He ______ to some foreign music in bed.（listen）
二. 句型转换
根据上句改写下句，使两句意思相同或接近。
1. Do you have an English-Chinese dictionary?
_________ you _________ an English-Chinese dictionary?
2. In the past, my father was a policeman.
My father ___________________ a policeman.
3. At last, one of them had a good idea.
At last, one of them _____________________ a good idea.
4. Have you ever been to a foreign country?
Have you ever _________________________?
5. Have you ever travelled on a plane?
Have you ever travelled __________.
三 情景交际
根据对话内容，在横线上填入适当的语句，使对话通顺，完整。
A: Good morning!
B: Morning!（1）___________________________?
A: I’d like to borrow the book David Copperfield. Have you got one?
B: Yes. Is it on the first shelf?
A: No, it isn’t.
B: Let me look for it on the computer. Oh, it’s on the third shelf.
A: Thanks a lot.（2）________________________?
B: A month.（3）___________________________?
A: OK. Here’s another book. I borrowed it a month ago. I have finished reading it.
B: All right.（4）___________________________?
A: Nothing else. Thank you very much.
B: （5）___________________________. Bye-bye.
四. 完形填空
通读短文掌握其大意，然后从各题后四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Do you know something about newspapers? There are many different 1 of newspapers in America, and people like 2 them in the morning. On Sundays, many people sleep 3 , but others don’t.
Almost everyone reads the Sunday paper. Usually the paper is very thick. There are advertisements（广告）and many 4 parts. The parents in the family like the front page and world news pages. Many men like reading the sports pages and the financial（金融的）pages.
Most 5 like the women’s pages. There is the news about parties, food, health and clothes
6 it. 7 like interesting stories, and most Sunday papers have them. 8 the children like reading them. Old 9 read the notices（讣告）. They can 10 from them who is dead during the week. Are newspapers lovely?
（ ）1. A. kinds B. wayC. things D. meanings
（ ）2. A. looking B. watching C. reading D. looking at
（ ）3. A. early B. late C. up D. down
（ ）4. A. same B. a lot C. few D. different
（ ）5. A. man B. women C. boys D. girls
（ ）6. A. in B. on C. of D. at
（ ）7. A. He B. Children C. The girl D. The old woman
（ ）8. A. Because B. OfC. So D. Though
（ ）9. A. person B. man C. woman D. people
（ ）10. A. study B. learn C. work D. talk
五. 阅读理解
阅读短文，根据其内容选出文后各题的最佳答案。
A
June 28,
Miss Lily King,
I’m Wang Fang. I am a librarian in Nanjing Library.
I’m sorry to remind（提醒）you that you have four overdue（过期的）books.
Please return the four books tomorrow. Other people may be waiting to borrow them. You may not borrow any new books until these books have been returned.
Yours truly,
Wang Fang
Title Writer Due
Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte 22/6
Gone With The Wind Margaret Mitchell 23/6
David Copperfield Charles Dickens 24/6
A Farewell To Arms Ernest Hemingway 25/6
1. The letter was sent to ______.
A. Wang Fang B. Lily King
C. Charlotte Bronte D. Ernest Hemingway
2. _______ wrote the book Gone With The Wind.
A. Charlotte Bronte B. Margaret Mitchell
C. Charles Dickens D. Ernest Hemingway
3. The book David Copperfield should be returned to the library before ______.
A. June 22 B. June 23 C. June 24 D. June 25
4. From the borrowed books we can know Lily King likes reading ______.
A. love stories B. detective（侦探）stories
C. history stories D. true stories
5. From this letter we know that ______.
A. Wang Fang does not like reading
B. the library has many books to lend
C. someone else has borrowed these books
D. Lily King may not borrow any new books at the moment
B
People in America like reading newspapers very much, and different people like different kinds of newspapers. Here’s a story about newspapers.
Jack was a young man, and he liked reading newspapers very much. He worked in a factory. There were a lot of people in the factory. They talked and laughed very often, and at lunch time they sat together and read newspapers and talked about the pictures in them.
Later Jack married. His wife, Ruby, was very beautiful and kind, and she liked newspapers better than Jack. Every day a boy brought their newspapers to the house, and Jack took his to the factory and left Ruby’s newspapers in the sitting room. Usually he didn’t look at hers, he didn’t like it, and sometimes he said to Ruby, “Why do you read that paper? I hate it.”
But last Tuesday Jack said to his wife, “There was something very nice in that newspaper yesterday.”
Ruby was very happy. “Oh, dear!” she said, “That’s good, Jack. What was that?
Jack laughed and said, “The photo of my friend George’s lunch was in the newspaper.”
6. How did Jack get on with his comrades?
A. He got on badly with them.
B. He didn’t want to talk with them.
C. He sat alone and read newspapers.
D. He got along very well with them.
7. Which one of the following is right?
A. Jack’s wife liked newspapers better than Jack.
B. Jack liked newspapers better than his wife.
C. Jack liked reading his wife’s newspapers.
D. Ruby didn’t like reading newspapers.
8. Jack and Ruby ______.
A. usually read the same kind of newspapers
B. never read any newspapers
C. usually read different kinds of newspapers
D. usually talked about the pictures in newspapers
9. How did Jack and Ruby get the newspapers?
A. They got the newspapers from the factory.
B. A boy brought the newspapers to them every day.
C. Ruby bought them in the street.
D. Jack bought them in the bookshop.
10. The photo of George’s lunch showed that______
A. George was having his lunch alone.
B. George and his family were having their lunch at home.
C. George and his workmates were talking about the newspaper at lunch time.
D. George had a very hard life.
C
In 1926 Margaret Mitchell started to write a book. She finished it ten years later. It was called “Gone with the wind”. It is about a beautiful young woman Scarlett and 12 years in her life just before, during and after the American Civil War（美国内战）.
David Selznick decided to make a film of the novel. He chose the famous film star of the time for the part for Rhett Butler, but he couldn’t find anyone for Scarlett. He searched for two and a half years. No one was quite right. In the end, there was no more time. On the night of December 10th, 1938, all the cameras（摄像机） were ready to film an important scene the burning of the city of Atlanta. Selznick still didn’t have his Scarlett.
At the time, Vivien Leigh, a young British actress, was in Hollywood. Selznick’s brother, Maron, took her to the studios（摄影棚）, found his brother, tapped him on the back and said, “David, here is your Scarlett!” Selznick turned round. There, in the light of the fire he saw the most beautiful face of the time. Vivien Leigh won the most famous part in the history of the cinema.
It was a long and difficult film to make, but on December 11th, 1939 Selznick sent his telegram（电报）to his workmates:
HAVE JUST FINISHED IT. GOD BLESS US ALL. SCREENING AT TWO TOMORROW TUESDAY FOR 750 JOURNALISTS.
The film lasted four hours. At the end they sat quietly for a moment and then cheered and cheered. On the day of the premiere, Mayor of Atlanta closed all the schools and public buildings. They called it the greatest motion of all the time. It won eight awards of the year.
11. Rhett Butler was ______.
A. a journalist
B. a famous film star
C. a film producer
D. the hero of “Gone with the wind”
12. They began the film without their Scarlett because _______.
A. Scarlett was an unimportant part of the film
B. it was fine that day
C. there was little time left
D. it was an important day for Americans
13. Who recommended（推荐）Vivien Leigh to the producer?
A. His brother.
B. Her husband.
C. The producer’s brother.
D. The famous actor’s brother.
14. How long did it take them to finish the film?
A. One year.
B. Three and a half years.
C. Two years and a half.
D. 13 years and a half.
15. The underlined word “premiere” means_____ in Chinese.
A. 典礼 B. 颁奖 C. 首映 D. 宴会
【试题答案】
一.
1. several 2. foreigner 3. copy 4. pay 5. hobby 6. libraries 7. subjects
8. knowledge 9. the most careful 10. more 11. to return 12. have , read
13. Have, written 14. Have, seen 15. is listening
二.
1. Have, got 2. used to be 3. came up with 4. been abroad 5. by plane
三.
1. Can I help you 2. How long may I keep it 3. You must return it on time
4. What else can I do for you 5. You’re welcome
四.
1－5 ACBDB 6－10 ABCDB
五. 1－5 BBCAD 6－10 DACBC 11－15 DCCBC
篇3： 八年级第一学期语文期末复习试卷
人教版 八年级第一学期语文期末复习试卷
人教版 八年级语文（上）期末复习试卷
满分100分 时间120分钟
一、语文积累与综合运用（24分）
1.默写古诗句中的名句名篇。（6分）
①故渔者歌乐曰：“——，——。”（郦道元 《三峡》）
②——，一览众山小。（杜甫 《望岳》）
③——，水中藻、荇交横，盖竹柏影也。（苏轼 《记承天寺夜游》）
④——，长河落日圆。（王维《使至塞上》）
⑤晴川历历汉阳树，——。（崔颢《黄鹤楼》）
2.阅读下面的文字，完成⑴-⑷题。（9分）
学习《人民解放军百万大军横渡长江》，我们领略了战士们冲破敌人重重阻è( )，歼（ ）灭和击溃一切抵御之敌的气势，那气势只能用“锐不可挡”来形容；学习《芦花荡》，我们结识了渔鹰一般的老英雄，他手拿竹篙撑着船，剥着莲蓬，转瞬便让小鬼子张皇失措；朗读《蜡烛》，我们感受了一位南斯拉夫老母亲跨越国界的情意，这份情谊在炮火烧灼（ ）的战场上，在高高耸立的瓦砾之间闪烁，如烛光般让人温暖；朗读《亲爱的爸爸妈妈》，健忘的人们又怎能不忆起那充满荒谬与杀lù（ ）的场场战争？
⑴根据拼音写出相应的汉字，给加点的字注音。（4分）
阻è（ ）杀lù（ ）歼（ ）灭 烧灼（ ）
⑵文中有两个错别字，请找出来并加以改正。（2分）
“——”改为—— “——”改为——
⑶“张皇失措”在文中的意思是 （2分）
⑷这段文字运用了比喻、 等修辞方法。（1分）
⒊学校在4月份开展了第二届读书节活动，下面是这次活动的部分内容，请你参与其中的活动。（9分）
活动一：八⑴班举行了以“阅读经典，走近大师”为主题的读书交流会，下面是语文科代表的一段发言。
读一本好书就好比一次浪漫的旅行。在旅途中你可以观赏大师的教诲，汲取知识的营养，更可以感悟人生的真谛。读《三国演义》，我们可以领略诸葛亮舌战群儒的风采；读《骆驼祥子》，我们可以通过旧北京人力车夫的心酸故事，饱览具有浓郁老北京风情的人物画与世态图；读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》，我们被主人公 为理想而献身的精神、钢铁般的意志和顽强奋斗的高贵品质所感动； .
(1)文中所提到的主人公是 （1分）
⑵画横线的句子中有一个词使用不当，“——”应改为——。（1分）
⑶根据上文的内容和下面的提示，再为这段发言稿续写我句话。（2分）
读《朝花夕拾》，我们可以————。
⑷请你从上文中提到的名著为写出给你留下深刻印象的一个人物，用一句话概括这一人物的性格特征。（3分）
人物 性格特征：————
活动二：桥是经过放大的一条板凳——桥梁专家茅以升这样风趣的解释“桥”。在生活中，桥常常使我们产生丰富的联想与感受。请你完成下面的活动任务。
请仿照下面的例句，架设两座无形的“桥”，仿写两句。（2分）
例句：知识是人类从愚昧走向文明的“桥”。
A：语言是
B:学校是
二、阅读（36分）
㈠（11分）
（甲）我国的石拱桥有悠久的历史。《水经注》里提到“旅人桥”，大约建成于公元282年，可能是有记载的最早的石拱桥了。我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有。这些桥大小不一，形式多样。有许多是惊人的杰作。其中最著名的当推河北省赵县的赵州桥。还有北京丰台区的卢沟桥。
（乙）太和殿俗称金銮殿，高28米，面积2380多平方米，是故宫最大的殿堂。在湛蓝的天空下，那金黄色的琉璃瓦重檐屋顶，显得格外辉煌。殿檐斗拱、额枋、梁柱，装饰着青蓝点金和贴金彩画。正面是12根红色大圆柱，金锁窗、朱漆门，同台基相互衬映，色彩鲜明，雄伟壮丽。……
三大殿建筑在紫禁城的中轴线上，这条线也是北京城的中轴线，向南从午门到天安门延伸到正阳门、永定门，往北从神武门到地安门、鼓楼，全长约八公里。
⒋根据（甲）（乙）选文内容，分别概括中国石拱桥的特点和太和殿外观特征。（3分）
甲文： （四个字）
乙文： 、 （两个四字短语）
⒌（甲）文运用的说明方法主要是 ；（乙）文运用的说明方法有——等。（2分）
⒍（甲）文中加点词“大约”“可能”能否删去？为什么？（3分）
⒎说出（乙）文中加点词“约”不能删除的理由。（3分）
————
㈡（14分）
父亲是一条鱼
元宵前后和阳春三月，是父亲最忙碌最苦累也最欢快的日子。
在这段时日里，母亲帮着父亲煮大锅大锅、鲜鲜嫩嫰的鲤鱼招待那些买鱼苗的客人。酒足饭饱后，父亲才根据买主对鱼的尺寸、数额、心花怒放的开价出售鱼苗。在一阵友好的不太经意的讨价还价后，父亲便依依不舍的将精心喂大的各种鱼苗卖给这些鱼客。此刻，只见父亲满脸的欢悦将往日的辛劳困倦镀得锃亮。待来家里求购的客人逐渐稀少后，父亲只好一个地方一个地方去赶鱼市，这些小镇集市，最近的也离我家有十余里，远则三四十里。父亲鸡叫头遍就起床放水干池，将鱼捉进鱼盆里，然后打着手电筒，顶着寒雾冷露去赶集。两只比米筛还要大的鱼盆将干瘦细小的父亲夹在中间，仿佛不是父亲挑着它们，而是它们拥着父亲在行进。待到池里的鱼苗卖完，我家屋角落里早就积了一大堆已磨成草盘的烂草鞋……
接下来，父亲又要着手为幼苗培植而忙碌不休。父亲精心修整好水池，买回鱼苗后，就开始像喂养婴儿般悉心照料。父亲每天一大早就下到池里，用木耙将宁静的池水搅动，然后泼洒肥水，早中晚三次。这些幼鱼在父亲精细料理和守候中逐渐长到寸许两寸粗细。待布谷鸟在我的家乡山野不知疲倦的婉转啼鸣时，父亲便浴着三月的阳光和布谷鸟清丽的`音韵悠然端坐于屋前的枣园里，用一只精致的小碗将脚盆里的小鱼按照鱼种分门别类的舀进一只只鱼盆里。然后，父亲挑着鱼盆在暖融融的阳光下穿过一个又一个村庄。在父亲拖着悠长的声调沿村叫卖时，布谷鸟的叫声也在春光里此起彼伏。
我没想到，那年秋天，父亲那如同阳春三月布谷鸟鸣唱般的叫卖声，竟然成了他撒在家乡那些村庄里的一曲绝唱。父亲去世的两个月前，我回去看望我的父母。母亲告诉我，早几天，父亲去给姑奶奶做生日，穿着我的皮鞋，显得特别高兴。我很纳闷，我没有什么皮鞋留在家里呀。母亲就从父亲的床底下拿出一双棕色的皮鞋。看到这双皮鞋，我的眼泪一下子就涌了出来。这是我早已丢弃的一双皱巴巴的皮鞋，父亲竟从屋外捡回来，还喜滋滋的穿着去给姑奶奶做生日，那么炫耀！那么得意！顿时，泪眼中的这双皮鞋，一下子化作了两块大石头，紧紧的压在我的心坎上。这时我才想起，父亲一生挣了那么多辛苦钱，对到我家来买鱼苗的所有人都是那么大方，那么舍得花钱招待，却从没想过要给自己买双皮鞋。
离家那天，父亲一直送我，送到他非常热爱的鱼池边还不愿转身。我看见养了大半辈子鱼的父亲倒映在水中的朦胧身影瘦小得就像一条鱼影。我怎么也没有想到，这竟是我最后一次看到父亲的身影。那一次，父亲站在鱼池边，和我说着他已经说了很多遍的话，要我多写信回来，要我好好工作，要我冷了多穿衣……可现在，我想听父亲那些重复啰嗦的话却再也听不到了。
父亲离我而去了，我好想再读读父亲，读读父亲在生命的轮回路上是沧桑依旧还是宁静如莲。父亲走进了另一片水泽，父亲站在那片水泽的边缘或许正凝望着一条向他走近的鱼。我仿佛觉得父亲一定化作一条水中游动的鱼，只要这世上还有一滴水，父亲就永远活在水里。
⒏请根据文意简要回答题目“父亲是一条鱼”的含义。（3分）
⒐分析下列句子所蕴含的思想感情？（4分）
父亲一直送我，送到他非常热爱的鱼池边还不愿转身。我看见养了大半辈子鱼的父亲倒映在水中的朦胧身影瘦小得就像一条鱼影。
⒑说说第三段中写阳春三月的布谷鸟有什么作用。（3分）
11.从选文中选择两件事对“父亲”这一人物形象作些分析。（4分）
㈢（11分）
（甲）山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾得馨。苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：何陋之有？
（乙）水陆草木之花，可爱者甚蕃。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来，世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。
予谓菊，花之隐逸者也；牡丹花之富贵者也；莲花之君子者也。噫！菊之爱，陶后鲜有闻。莲之爱，同予者何人？牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣。
12.解释下列句子中加点词的意思。（2分）
①谈笑有鸿儒—— ②花之隐逸者也——
13.下列句子中加点词的意思或用法相同的一项是（ ）（2分）
A.何陋之有 水陆草木之花
B.有仙则名 名之者谁
C.濯清涟而不妖 可远观而不可亵玩焉
D.陶后鲜有闻 芳草鲜美
14.将“无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形”翻译称现代汉语。（3分）
译文——
15.两篇名文，文字优美，意味深长，请说说（甲）（乙）
两文分别表达了作者怎样的思想情感。（4分）
（甲）文
（乙）文
三、写作（40分）
16.“你幸福了吗”成为20热门词语今天，我们人人都在渴望幸福，人人都在感受幸福。幸福有时很抽象，有时又很具体；幸福有时很遥远，有时又近在咫尺。奉献是幸福，给予是幸福，获得是幸福，享受是幸福。一个祝福的话语是幸福，一个理解的眼神是幸福，一份牵挂和思念是幸福。幸福掌握在自己手中，而不是在别人的眼中。幸福是一种感觉，幸福是生命的体验。
请围绕“幸福”这个话题，选择你最擅长的一种文体，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇600字左右的文章。
参考答案
㈠、语文积累与综合运用
⒈①巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾赏
②会当凌绝顶
③庭下如积水空明
④大漠孤烟直
⑤芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲
2.⑴遏 戮 jlān zhuó
⑵“挡”改为当 “蒿”改为篙
⑶张皇失措在文中的意思是慌慌张张，不知怎么办才好。
⑷排比
3.⑴保尔 柯察金
⑵“观赏”应改为聆听
⑶略⑷略
㈡、阅读
4.（甲）文：历史悠久
（乙）文：雄伟壮丽 色彩鲜明
5.举例子；列数字
6.“大约”可能”是约数，表现了作者的严谨，体现了说明文语言的准确周密。
7.不能删去。”约“表示推测，表示概数，去掉后就变成确数，不符合事实，不准确严密。
8.父亲大半辈子精心养鱼，对鱼怀有深厚感情；父亲如同游动的鱼一样，永远活在儿子心中。
9.父亲一直送“我”，表达了深厚的父子之情；将瘦小的父亲比作鱼影，流露出因父亲的瘦弱而产生的伤感之情。
10.衬托欢快愉悦的气氛，突出父亲的勤劳品质。
11.写父亲养鱼卖鱼，表现其勤劳；写父亲热情招待鱼客，表现其朴实好客；写父亲穿我丢弃的皮鞋，表现其节俭；写父亲送我、叮嘱我表现对儿子的关爱。
12.博学的人；隐居的人
13.C
14.没有（嘈杂的）音乐扰乱耳朵，没有（成堆的）公文劳累身心。
15.（甲）文：表达作者保持高尚节操的愿望和不慕荣利、安贫乐道的情怀。
（乙）文：不追名逐利，不趋炎附势，不慕虚荣，洁身自好。
三、作文（略）
篇4：语法系列复习七-----动词时态，被动语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法系列复习专题七-----动词时态，被动语态
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、
状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：
Ill go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.
2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到Its…这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.
4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
--Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.
--She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.
5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,
finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.
四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。
五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.
七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）
2.be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
4.be about to do (按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
时态考点分析
1．--Can I join your club,dad?
--You can when you______a bit older. (NMET)
A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got
析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.
2．--Oh,it’s you!I______you.
--I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize
析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.
3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space. (NMET)
A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared
析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。
4.--______my glasses?
--Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. (NMET)
A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen
析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times. (NMET)
A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
析：答案B。道理同4。
6.--Do you know our town at all?
--No,this is the first time I______here.
A.was B.have been C.came D.am going
析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.
7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives. (NMET)
A.just help out B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out D.will just help out
析：根据I dont really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。
8.--Is this raincoat yours?
--No,mine______there behind the door. (NMET)
A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：
1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
被动语态考点分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。
2.--Do you like the material?
--Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)
A.have been taken place…have been set up
B.have taken place…have been set up
C.have taken place…have set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。
4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa. (NMET)
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。
5.I dont know the restaurant,but its______to be quite a good one.(NMET)
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)
A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。
7.I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)
A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)
A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…have to
C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。
10.This sentence needs______.
A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)
11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.havent been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。
12.--______the note______to Mr Smith?
--No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasnt…been given
析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。
动词时态、语态专练
1.The maths problem can be______.
A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out
C.easily worked out D.easily to work out
2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.
A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried
3.The girl is to______a rich man.
A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to
4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.
A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read
5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?
A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited
6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)
A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given
7.--Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
--Hes already been______.(NMET)
A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for
8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.
A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed
9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided
10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.
A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found
11.I dont want anything______about it.
A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said
12.--______that the sports meet might be put off.
--Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told
13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)
A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered
14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.
A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said
15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.
A.said B.says C.is said D.was said
16.--What do you think of the book?
--Oh,excellent.Its worth______a second time.(NMET)
A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read
17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.
18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)
A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given
19.--where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.
--I______it right here but now it’s gone.
A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put
C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put
20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.
A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies
21.How long______the English party______?
A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted
22.What______you______this time next Friday?
A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing
23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.
A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung
24.It______and the streets were still wet.
A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain
25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.
A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying
26.We______there when it______to rain.
A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began
C.had got;had begun D.would get;began
27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.
A.should have studied B.were going to study
C.have studied D.should study
28.--she told me she had met you in London last year.
--______you______her since?
A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen
29.--When______again?
--When he______,I’ll let you know.
A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come
C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes
30.Tom______for more than a week.
A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away
31.--What happened to her teeth?
--She______the apple more than she could chew.
A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites
32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.
A.finishing writing B.to finish writing
C.having written D.to have written
33. --You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?
--But I______that you______me to start at once.
A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted
C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted
34. --I missed the lecture last night.
--Oh,what a pity!I wish______.
A.you heared it B.you had heard it
C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it
35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.
A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished
36. --Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.
--It’s 9586442.(NMET)
A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t
37. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.
A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.
A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving (NMET)
40. --Who is Jerry Cooper?
--______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)
A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet
C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet
41. --We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
--Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)
A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be
42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)
A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened
43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)
A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy
44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)
A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell
C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell
45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.
A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had
46.I______the time______so quickly.
A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed
C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.--My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late. --Let’s hurry up.
A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells
48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)
A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come
49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)
A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost
50.--Jane has just arrived. --I didn’t know she______.
A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come
动词时态、语态专练答案
1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A
21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D
41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1） (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）
一、动词的分类和形式：
动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。
1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种
2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。
4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。
二、动词的时态：
1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）
2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。
3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。
4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）
5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。
6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。
8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。
9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
练习一：动词时态与语态（1）
1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano.
A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played
2. She ______ the door before she goes away.
A. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.
3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.
A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching
4. What _____ if I drink this?
A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened
5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.
A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let
6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.
A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would
7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.
A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done
9. “Has he seen this film?” “ Yes. He ______ it several days ago. ”
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing
10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.
A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will come
C. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come
11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.
A. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was washed
12. I haven't finished my composition. I ______ for two hours and a half.
A. have written it B. have been writing it
C. wrote it D. am writting it
13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,
A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to
14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.
A. didn't say B. couldn't speak to C. said D. didn't tell
15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.
A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built
16. “ When ______ school begin?” “ Next Monday. ”
A. has B. does C. did D. is going to
17. I will ______ here till you give me some money.
A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return
18. I _____ here since I moved here.
A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working
19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.
A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone
20. It was said that his father ______.
A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died
21. We won't go unless you ______ soon.
A. had come B. came C. will come D. come
22._____six years since I began studying English.
A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are
23. They ______ the Summer Palace three times.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into
24. “How long haven't we seen each other? ”“Well, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. ”
A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met
25. “Have you seen the art exhibition?” “No, _____ there. ”
A. it was not being held B. they didn't hold
C. it had not held D. they were holding it
26. Don't get off the bus until it ______.
A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped
27. “Where ______ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere.” “I _____ it right here. But now it's gone. ”
A. did you put/have put B. have you put/put
C. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put
28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I ______ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _____ tomorrow.
A. come B. came C. will come D. coming
30. ______ you ______?
A. Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married
31. When he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.
A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold
32. “This cloth _____well and _____ long. ”“Ok. I'll take it. ”
A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting
33. “Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. ” “Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. ”
A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting
34. I ______ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.
A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted D. was wanted
35. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.
A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived
36. By this time next year he ______ from the college.
A. will be graduating B. should be graduating
C. will have graduated D. is graduating
37. Our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east.
A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned
38. My brother _____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell/was riding B. fell/were riding
C. had fallen/rode D. had fallen/was riding
39. Bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.
A. was going to be B. was about to be C. could be D. was to be
40. It is high time you _____ in bed now.
A. are B. were C. will be D. would be
41. After a while an agreement _____.
A. was arrived at B. was arrived in C. was arrived D. has been arrived
42. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.
A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive
43.______,that step is not safe!
A. Look around B. Look up C. Look out D. Look down
44. “Have you _____ him to give up smoking?” “No. I _____, but he wouldn't listen.”
A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded C. tried/tried D. persuaded/persuaded
45. The research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.
A. take B. make C. put D. send
46. I don't know when he ______, but when he ______, I'll let you know.
A. will come/comes B. comes/will come C. comes/comes D. will come/will come
47. How much do you think that vase _____?
A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost
48. I _____ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.
A. hope B. had hoped C. hoped D. am hoping
49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”
“Oh, how nice of you, I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.”
A. never think/are going B. never thought/ were going
C. didn’t think/ are going D. hadn’t thought/ were going
50. It’s a nice flat, but it _____ a proper bathroom.
A. haven’t got B. hasn’t got C. wouldn’t get D. doesn’t have got
51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _____?
A. hadn’t she B. didn’t she C. wouldn’t she D. won’t she
52. This liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.
A. became mixed with B. was mixed by
C. mixes with D. has been mixing by
动词时态和语态（2）
一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。
1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.
2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didn’t know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didn’t know when they would have a rest. (4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.
二、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:We often help them. (主动)我们常帮助他们。They are often helped by us.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。
1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。
2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的
基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如:(1)一般现在时：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: When will the work be finished? (4)过去将来时：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：
Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)过去进行时：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：The work hasn’t been finished yet. (8)过去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.
3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.
4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语；④由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（2）如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.→Iwas told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. （3）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：①宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.②宾补为分词，如：They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time.③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如：She kept me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning.（4）如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，如：She always takes good care of the children. →The children are always taken good care of. （5）含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the work before Friday. →The work must be finished before Friday.（6）be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等结构，其作用相当于情态动词或助动词，在改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可，如：The are not going to put off the football match. →The football match is not going to be put off.
练习二、动词时态与语态（2）
53. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.
A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold
54. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired
55. Every possible means , but none prove successful.
A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried
56. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.
A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. That hopes D. It hopes
57. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.
A. is broken B. has broken C. have been broken D. has been broken
58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.
---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.
A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned
59. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.
---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.
A. will have finished . B. will has been finished
C. will have being finished D. will have been finished
60. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. ----These three rooms ______ (by you).
A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean
C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean
61. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? ---- A poem _____ (by you), _____ ?
A. is about to be written, aren't you B. is about to be writing, isn’t it
C. is about to be writing, aren't you D. is about to be written, isn’t it
62. She had better leave a note to him. ---- A note _____ to him (by her).
A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left
63. He doesn't do his homework every day. ---- His homework ______ by him every day.
A. doesn't be done B. aren't done C. don't be done D. isn’t done
64. We must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.
A. must be taken care B. must be took cars C. must take care of D. must be taken care of
65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- He _____ because he is a liar.
A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down
66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.
---- A dictionary ______ me by Father on my birthday.
A. shall be given to B. will give C. shall give to D. will be giving to
67. We elected her leader. ---- She by us.
A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected
68. ---- People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.
---- Why are all of the______?
A. grey painted mailboxes B. mailboxes grey painted
C. mailboxes painted grey D. painted grey mailboxes
69. I saw him enter the room. ---- He ______ the room.
A. is seen enter B. is seen to enter C. was seen to enter D. was seen enter
70. The question asked by him is hard _____ .
A. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D. for answer
71. How sweet the music ______!
A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds
72. In warm weather fruit and meat ______ long.
A. don't keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping
73. He received a telegram ___ “Mother Sick.”
A. written B. said C. reading D. writing
74. The classroom ______ 30 feet long.
A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length
75. Do you remember ______ ?
A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do
76. to have been rich.
A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said
77. Mathematics is difficult ______.
A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning
78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's shop and______.
A. have to cut it B. have it cut C. get it to be cut D. to cut it
79. The pencil ______ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
80. ---- I can't see the blackboard very well. ---- Perhaps you need ______.
A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes examined
C. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes
81. ---- Where is the coffee table? ---- Tom just had it ____ away.
A. move B. moving C. moved D. moves
82. Good medicine ______ to the mouth.
A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly
83. Which girl won the prize? _____
A. By which girl is the prize won? B. Which girl was the prize won?
C. By which girl did she win the prize? D. By which girl was the prize won?
84. --- Where did you get that handsome picture? ---- It was _____ by my father.
A. given for us B. a gift to us C. given to us D. a gift for us
85. A young hen is ______ a chicken.
A. named B. known C. spelled D. called
86. ---- How does Alma like her new work? ---- She ______ with the hour.
A. can't satisfy B. isn't satisfied C. doesn't satisfy D. hasn't satisfied
87. ---- Why do you call your son Mouse? ---- He wants ______ by the name.
A. to call B. to be called C. to be calling D. being called
88. His idea, though good, needs ______ out.
A. being tried B. to try C. tried D. to be tried
89. The man living in the next door is known _____the police.
A. with B. to C. by D. of
90. Cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.
A. up of, up of B. into, into C. of, of D. from, from
91. ______ here last night.
A. Something strange was happened B. Strange something was happened
C. Something strange happened D. Strange something happened
92. ---- I'd like to buy that coat. ---- I'm sorry, _____.
A. it was sold B. it's selling C. it's been sold D. it had been sold
93. Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but_____.
A. man did not put it to use in war two hundred years liter
B. until two centuries more it was used in war
C. not used in war until two hundred years later
D. in war did not use it two hundred years afterwards
94. The five-year-old girl by her parents.
A. is looked B. has looked for C. is being looked for D. has been looked
参考答案
语法复习八：动词时态和语态
练习一、1~5 CCBCB 6~10 ABCAB 11~15 CBADA 16~20 BBDCD 21~25 DBBCA
26~30 DBABD 31~35 BAAAD 36~40 CAAAB 41~45 ACCAC 46~50 ADBBB
51~52 BC
练习二、53~55 BAB 56~60 BDADC 61~65 DCDDB 66~70 ACCCA 71~75 DACAA
76~80 CABAB 81~85 CADCD 86~90 BBDBB 91~94 CCCC
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：新目标八年级英语上册语法复习(人教版高二英语下册教学论文)
新目标八年级英语上册语法复习
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京？
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？
should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问
职业。如：
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？
该句相当于：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...? 是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...? 是特指，
所指的事物有范围的限制。如：
What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜爱哪一种颜色？ （有特定的范围）
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：
Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常，经常）
sometimes（有时候）
never（从不）
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：
David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7：10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：
Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的
动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，
例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here?
你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，
因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而
自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做)；
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，
如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作
法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提问：1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问：1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball？
5.在以下结构中：
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事practice doing sth 练习做某 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth
禁不住做某事
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：
he,she, it，my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：
man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）
3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。
如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如：
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是：
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如：
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.将-man改为-men。如：
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加词尾。如：
child---children
4.单复数同形。如：
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。
即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如：
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词
初中阶段常见的有以下这些：
1.let→letting 让
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘记
put→putting 放
set→setting 设置
babysit→babysitting
临时受雇照顾婴儿
2.shop→shopping 购物
trip→tripping 绊
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放弃3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 开始
prefer→preferring 宁愿
plan→planning 计划
15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
1.some变为any。如：
There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。如：
I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：
They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet。如：
I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.
16) in与after
in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：
He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。
2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：
He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。
不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17) 不定冠词a与an的使用
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
There is a “b” in the word “book”. 单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：
There is an “i” in the word “onion”. 单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗？
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a.如：
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：
1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如：
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)
a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别:
1. a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如：
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
4. a little和a few表肯定意义，little和few表否定意义；如：
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有
点儿”。
20) 关于like的用法
like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。
1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：
Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗？
like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）
like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：
Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗？
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：They all like me to sing/singing English songs.
他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子：
A. What does he look like? 他长相如何？(指一个人的外貌特征)
B. What is he like? 他人怎么样？ (指人的性格特点)
C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)
D. A boy like Peter can't do it. (指性格相似)
21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如：
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如：
The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth “继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”
和 go on doing sth “继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。
22) tell, speak, say 与 talk
1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲
述一件事。如：
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.
他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。
Father always tells interesting stories to us.
爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。
tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如：
He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如：
David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。
2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如：
He can speak English and a little Chinese.
他能讲英语和一点汉语。
speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如：
Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗？
speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如：
The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。
3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用 talk to；
如果双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如：
Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。
He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。
talk about 意为“谈论......”。如：
They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。
have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如：
Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗？
4. say 意为“说”。如：
Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗？
say to 意为“对......说”。如：
He said to his students that they would have a test.
他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。
It is said that... 意为“据说”。如：
It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.
据说他能呆在水里很长时间。
23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry!
1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了！对不起！”，一般是为了与陌生人搭话，或者要打断对方所说（做）的事。如：
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?
请问，附近有旅馆吗？
Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下，我能说一些吗？
2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起！”，表示道歉。如：
I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.
对不起，张先生。我不会这么做了。
24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at
in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词（组）连用。
1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如：
in the morning 在上午 in May, 2004 在2004年五月
in a week 在一周之内（后）
It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.
现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。
2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如：
on Sunday 在星期天 on May Day 在“五一”节
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.
他于2004年4月26日到达北京。
3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如：
at 8:00 在八点 at noon 在中午
I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。
It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。
25) Other及其用法
Other 及其相近的词（组），如 others, the other, the others, another,
any other 等，一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题，平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法：
1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，复数形式是 others;the other
指“两个人或物中的另一个”，其复数形式是 the others;others相当于“other + 名词”，所以不能充当定语，修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some...others （一些...其余的人...）;the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some...the others.
2、another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合
并构成，所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词，比如：another pencil.
3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名词的单数形式。
26) look 短语
常见的look短语有以下这些：
1.look at 朝......看 (look at=have a look at)
Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。
2.look for 寻找
The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。
3.look like 看起来像
Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。
4.look the same 看上去一样
Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。
5.look up 查找
Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。
6.look over 仔细检查
The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛丽。
7.look after 照顾，照看
You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。
8.look around 到处寻找、查看
We looked around, but we found nothing strange.
我们四处查看，但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。
27) too，also与either
1.too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。如：
We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。
Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗？
2.also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：
Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。
3.either用于否定句，一般放在句末。如：
They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。
4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如：
We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.
He is a happy boy as well.
28) hard与hardly
1.hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。如：
It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。
The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力。
句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：
It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分：hard work 困难的工作
work hard 努力工作
3. hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、
副词和动词之前。如：
I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。
29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times
记忆：sometimes(有时)some times(好几次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段)
口诀：分开是一段，相连为某时。分开s是倍次，相连s为有时
1.sometime是时间副词，指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间（某时候或任何时候），不指一段时间。如：
We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.
我们下个月某一时候会去北京。
2.sometimes是频度副词，指“有时”、“不时”的意思（=at times）。如：Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.
有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。
3.some time是名词词组，指一段时间（一些时间或若干时间）。如：
It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些时间去完成作业。
4.some times指“几次”。如：
He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。
30) exercise的一些用法
1.作不及物动词，译为“运动，锻炼”。如：
David exercises every morning. 大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。
2.作及物动词，译为“训练”。如：
Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。
3.作名词，译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如：
It's good to do eye exercises every day.
每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。
Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。
I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作业要做。
4.注意：exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词，复数形式为exercises；
泛指运动时是不可数名词。
31) maybe与may be
1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：
Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
32) same与different
1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已
经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：
We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。
结构：the same as 与......一样 如：
His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。
2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：
We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。
结构：be different from 与......不同 如：
This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。
33) 动词want的用法
1. want sth. 想要某物
They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助。
2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事
My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他。
3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
I want to study English in England. 我想要在英国学习英语。
4.want doing 需要...
Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。
34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in 如：
I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.
父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
35) how many与how much
1.how many表示“多少”，对数量提问，后面接可数名词的复数形式。如：
There are four people in my family.
---How many people are in your family? 你家里有几个人？
We have seven classes every day.
---How many classes do you have every day? 你们每天上几节课？
2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它对不可数名词进行提问。如：
There is some milk in the bottle.
---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶？
3.how much还可以对价格提问，表示“多少钱”的意思。如：
The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.
---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱？
36) with的几个用法
1.with表“和、同、与”。如：
Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗？
2.with表“用、以、被”。如：
Don't write with the red pen. 不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。
3.with表“随着”。如：
Climate varies with the time of the year.气候随着时令的不同而不同。
4.with表“带有、有......的”。如：
The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。
5.with表“因为、由于”。如：
They were angry with hard work. 他们因为艰难的工作而生气。
6.一些with结构： play with 与......一起玩
be angry with 对......生气
talk with 与......交谈
get on well with与......相处融洽
37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much
1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”,相当于lots of.它既可以修饰可数名词，又
可以修饰不可数名词。如：
I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。
The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。
2.many意为“许多”.它用来修饰可数名词。如：
Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗？
3.much意为“大量”.它用来修饰不可数名词。如：
There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of（=lots of）用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of（=lots of）的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句，要将它们
改为many或much。如：
We can see a lot of birds in the tree.
---We can't see many birds in the tree. 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。
He wants lots of soda.
---Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗？
38) help用法举例
help既可以作名词，也可以作动词。
1.help作名词，意为“帮助”。如：
He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。
2.help作动词，也是“帮助”的意思。如：
Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗？
3.help的结构：
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
如：They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.
=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.
他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。
39) well的用法
well可以作副词，也可以作形容词。
1.well作副词，意为“（某事干得）好”。如：
The boy draws very well. 男孩画得很好。
2.well作形容词，意为“健康、安好”。如：
I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。
40) ago与before
ago与before都表示“......以前”，但用法有所区别。
1.ago意为“以前”，表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前，常用于过去时的句子
中。如：He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一张相片。
2.before作为副词时表示：
a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时的句子中。如：
The boy had already seen the comedy before.
那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。
b.笼统的“以前”，用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中，一般单独使
用，而ago不可以单独使用。如：
He's read this novel before. 他以前读过这部小说。
41) need的用法
1.need作实义动词，意为“需要”。如：
Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗？
2.need作情态动词，一般用于对must的否定回答。如：
---Must he leave now? 他必须离开吗？
---No, he needn't. 不，他不必。
3.区分：
a.need作实义动词。
He needs to go.
He doesn't need to go.
Does he need to go?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
b.need作情态动词，一般不用于肯定句。
He needn't go.
Need he go?
Yes, he need./No, he needn't.
42) decide的几种句式
1.decide to do sth 决定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。
2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事
They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。
3.decide on sth 就某事决定......
Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
4. decide的名词形式为decision，
结构：make a decision，意为“做决定”。如：
He has made a decision. 他已经做一个决定了。
43) too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：
There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：
We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
44) can的用法
1.表示能力。如：
We can carry the heavy box. 我们可以搬得动箱子。
Who can sing an English song? 谁会唱英文歌？
2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
Can it be true? 这会是真的吗？
You can't be serious? 你不会当真吧？
3.表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。如：
Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗？
Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去吗？
责任编辑：李芳芳
【人教版八年级第一学期语法复习I：典型时态】相关文章：
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