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GRE考试调整思维方式很重要

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GRE考试调整思维方式很重要

篇1:GRE考试调整思维方式很重要

GRE考试调整思维方式很重要 330学霸教你培养美式思维

GRE考试注重批判性思维

Harold说GRE考试的目的是考察一个人在英语环境中从事学术研究的能力,也即思维的思辨性,Critical Thinking。关于这两点,Harold列举了他在美国生活的例子。在美国暑假的时候,不管是朋友还是所认识的美国人一般都不习惯两个人走在一起却话也不说。从早上起床开始,会跟朋友聊些有趣的事情。早饭时,会在餐厅边吃边聊天。6个小时的上课时间,如果你连老师在说什么都不明白的话可想而知会是什么后果。你买东西、找老师、坐公车,无时无刻不在考验你的听说能力。对此,Harold说让他体会最深的一点便是,“可能我的美国朋友平常用的词汇可能不如我有时候冷不丁蹦出的单词难,但是他们用得却非常的精准,表达的效率非常高,可以在最短的时间用最少的字数精准地表达出想要表达的全部内容。”怎样把话说清楚,不仅是口语,这也是托福写作所要求的内容。

同样地,GRE的重要性体现在阅读和上课跟老师的思维碰撞。如果换一种思路去背GRE单词,而不是觉得什么以后这一辈子再也不会见到这些变态的单词,这样来的学习效率可能会更多。而事实上,GRE单词是在国外学习哪怕不在研究生院上课也会天天遇到的。Harold喜欢看书,国外很多作品的阅读不仅让他的文学修养大大提高,对英语学习的帮助更甚一筹。在读Milton的Paradise Lost时,Harold发现里面的诗歌几乎每一行都会有一个GRE单词!如果把背GRE单词当成一个提升自己必经的一个过程,当越过这个坎的时候,就会发现真的是天高任鸟飞,海阔凭鱼跃了。其次是critical thinking的能力,Harold的观点是不跟风,不要去讨厌反对你的人,遇到任何问题都审慎独立的思考。不要立即否定一个观点,也不要立即迎合一个观点,不要被愤世嫉俗的人降低心中的自由。就如Kant所说,怀疑是人类理性的休憩之处。上课的时候无时无刻不在用到这种能力,需要你贡献的往往是你觉得比如Locke的Two Treatise of Human Nature有哪些不合理的地方,或者是有哪些地方你觉得跟前人有所冲突的地方,每天如此。

GRE考试要求能力对应名校名专业

“如果我考不好GRE,只能说明我的功力还不够,学术积累还没有达到GRE要求的层次。而我们常常把这个因果倒转了,觉得考好GRE,才能上牛校名专业,但是事实上是上名校名专业所要求的能力本身就包含了GRE要求的能力。”,Harold谈到,即便GRE考好了,接着被录取了,然后什么都不管,最后等来到研究生院学习的时候也一定没有好结果。Harold说,正确的过程我觉得应该是这样的:坚忍不拔的提高自己的实力——达到去国外研究生院学习和生活的所需要的英语水平——实力达标了攻克GRE、托福自然不在话下——拿到Offer——在这个过程中养成的独立思考的能力和积累的素养会帮助你完善自我和追求人生理想——在学习和以后的工作中一往无前。

备考资料质量为王

提到资料的运用,Harold强调用什么材料不重要,关键是要用好。几本书读一遍还不如把一本书读几遍。很多时候练完题回去看会有新的体会。只练题不思考不总结只能是原有水平的重复,每天练习后都总结跟体会才能慢慢提高自己的水平。《再要你命3000》、《老红宝》,这些都是比较普遍的资料。另外填空采用的是陈圣元的《句子填空》;阅读用的是《花儿-GRE阅读39+3全攻略》;数学是陈向东的《GMAT数学高分快速突破》;作文是《新GRE写作5.5》。学习方法每个人都不一样,最重要的是找到适合自己的。下面是Harold自己的一些方法,提供给大家作为参考。

方法:

单词用app背吧。我觉得效率比较高,我们学校的课都集中在前八周,又有申请学校的事情,所以其实我投入在GRE上面的力气真的不多。但是有时候用app背单词可以把时间利用起来,这个时间大家少刷点人人、微薄应该就有了。

增加阅读量。我知道这五个字摆在这里可能没有什么意义,很多朋友告诉我他们准备托福、GRE都来不及怎么有闲心去看课外书呢。那就权当休息吧……在国外其实每天都有固定的时间去锻炼、聊天、社交的,可能看下书还会提高你的效率和心情呢。

背单词跟做题结合。好处在于做题可以提醒你哪些单词是常考点、高频,从而有目的去背,可能比那让你晕菜的红宝带来的效果要好一些。

作文最重要的是你的思维的逻辑性和严密性,而不是模板和语言。所以虽然GRE和托福作文都是五段式,但是GRE作文中间三段千万不能写成并列式,不然会被认为思维能力缺乏,各段之间一定要有内在的逻辑关系。

最后,Harold总结到,托福也好,GRE也好只是测量你的水平是否达到了国外留学水平的工具。如果你的成绩达不到你心仪学校的要求,那么它必定暗示着,你其实在某方面没有达到在这个学校读研究生的水平。你应该试图提高自己的学术能力或者外语水平,而不是盲目的陷入单词、题海、无穷无尽的培训班中。这两个考试不是目的,甚至研究生本身也只是一个手段,一定要考虑的是自己想要什么,自己出国是为什么。

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

abandon v/n放弃;放纵

abash v使害羞,使尴尬

abate v减轻,减少

abbreviate v缩短;缩写

abdicate v退位,辞职,放弃

aberrant adj越轨的;异常的

aberration n离开正路;变形

abet v教唆,鼓励帮助

abeyance n中止,搁置

abhor v憎恨,嫌恶

abhorrent adj可恨的,讨厌的

abide v容忍,忍受

abject adj极可怜的

abjure adj发誓放弃;弃绝

ablution n净礼,沐浴

abnegate v否认,放弃

abolish v废止,废除

abolition n废除,革除

abominate v痛恨,厌恶

aboveboard adj光明正大的

abrade v磨损,磨小

abrasion n表面磨损

abrasive adj磨损的;生硬粗暴的

abreast adv并列地,并排地

abridge v删减;缩短

abrogate v废止,废除

abscission n切除;脱离

abscond v潜逃,逃亡

absenteeism n旷课,旷工

absolute adj绝对的;限制的

absolve v赦免,免除

absorb v吸收;同化

abstain v禁绝,放弃

abstemious adj有节制的,节俭的

abstention n节制

abstentious adj节制的

abstract n摘要;抽象的

abstruse adj难懂的,深奥的

absurd adj荒谬的,可笑的

abundance n充裕,多量

abundant 丰富的, 盛产的

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

abuse v辱骂;滥用

abusive adj漫骂的毁谤的;虐待的

abut v接界

abysmal adj极深的;糟透的

academic adj学院的,学术的

academician n院士;学会会员

accede v同意

accelerate v加速;促进

accentuate v重读;强调

access n通路;途径

accessible adj易达到、受影响的

accessory adj附属的,次要的

acclaim v欢呼,称赞

acclimate v使适应

accolade n推崇;赞扬

accommodate v与一直;提供住宿

accommodating adj乐于助人的

accompany v伴随,陪伴

accomplice n同谋者,帮凶

accomplish v完成,做成功

accomplished adj完成了的;有技巧的,有造诣的

accord v/n同意;一致

accost v搭话

accountability n负有责任

accrete v逐渐增长添加生长;连生

accretion n自然的增长;增加物

accrue v增大;增多

accumulate v积聚,积累

accuracy n精确,准确

accurate adj精确的,准确的

accuse v谴责,指责

acerbic adj苦涩的;刻薄的

acknowledge v承认;致谢

acme n顶点,极点

acolyte n助手,侍僧

acorn n橡子,橡果

acoustic adj听觉的,有关声音的

acquaint v使熟知;通知

acquaintance n熟知;熟人

acquainted adj对某事物熟悉的,对 某人认识的

acquiesce v勉强同意,默许

acquired adj后天习得的

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

acquisitive adj渴望得到的,贪婪的

acquit v宣告无罪;脱卸义务和责任;还清

acquittal n宣告无罪,开释

acrid adj辛辣的,刻薄的

acrimonious adj尖刻的,严厉的

acrimony n尖刻,刻薄

acrobat n特技演员,杂技演员

acrophobia n恐高症

acuity n敏锐

acumen n敏锐,精明

acute adj灵敏的;急性的

adage n格言,古训

adamant adj强硬的;固执的

adapt v使适应;修改

adaptable adj有适应能力的;可改编的

addendum n补充,附录

addict v/n沉溺;上瘾

addition n增加,附加

additive n添加剂

address v处理,对付,着手解决

adept adj老练的,精通的

adequate adj足够的

adhere v粘着

adherent n拥护者,信徒

adhesive adj带粘性的,胶粘的

adjacent adj接近的,毗连的

adjourn v使延期,推迟;休会

adjunct n附加物,附件

adjust v整顿,整理

admire v钦佩,赞赏

admission n许可;入会费;承认

admonish v训诫;警告

adobe n泥砖,土坯

adolescent adj青春期的,青少年

adopt v收养;采纳 1

adore v崇拜;热爱

adorn v装饰

adroit adj熟练的,灵巧的

adulate v谄媚,奉承

adulterate v掺假

adumbrate v预示

advent n到来,来临

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

adventitious adj偶然的

adverse adj不利的相反的;敌对的

advertise v做广告;通知

advisable adj适当的,可行的

advocacy n拥护,支持

advocate v拥护,支持,鼓吹;

aegis n盾;保护,庇护

aerate v充气,让空气进入

aerial adj空中的,空气中的

aesthete n审美家

aesthetic adj美学的,有审美感的

affable adj易于交谈的;和蔼的

affectation n做作,虚假

affected adj不自然的;假装的

affection n爱

affidavit n宣誓书

affiliate v加入;联合

affiliation n联系,联合

affinity n密切关系, 吸引力

affirm v确认

affix v粘上,贴上

afflict v使痛苦,折磨

affliction n悲痛,受难的起因

affluence n充裕,富足

affluent adj富裕的,丰富的

Word List 2

affordable adj能够支付的

affront v侮辱,冒犯

agenda n议程

agglomerate v凝聚,结块

aggrandize v增大;吹捧

aggravate v加重,恶化

aggregate v集合;合计

aggression v侵略

aggressive adj好斗的;进取的

aggressor n侵略者,攻击者

aggrieve v使受委屈,使痛苦

agile adj敏捷的,灵活的

agility n敏捷

agitate v搅动;使不安

agitated adj被鼓动的;不安的

篇2:GRE阅读备考调整思维方式是开始

GRE阅读备考调整思维方式是开始 4个要点助你重塑阅读解题思路

阅读思维塑造:文中没说的不要选

看似简单,其实包含的道理很复杂,人是主观动物,考生们总会习惯性的根据自己的知识对文中不存在的东西进行脑补,然后得出一个看似有理,实则荒谬的答案。所以,请各位考生在下笔选之前,首先问自己这个原文到底说了没有,如果没说而是自己下意识得出的推理猜测,那么还请三思而后选。

阅读思维塑造:“取非”思想

这个思维简单实用。在GRE阅读中,虚拟语气就有一种很有用的含义,那就是——见到虚拟语气就要想到“取非”。比如作者如果写到:“如果我能够把韦氏字典都背完,那我GRE阅读肯定没有问题了。”这句话其实想要表达的问题就是“我的GRE阅读有问题”。运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度,以及作者想要表达的真实意思。就不用先翻译成绕口的中文,再拼命的思索其中的含义,可以有效地为考试争取时间。在题干中看到虚拟语气,大多需要用到取非思想,与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种,叫做“改进型取非题”。既然是改进,原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子,我们把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用,还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用,就是强对比的关系,也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常考题型“强对比互取非题”,其主要特点是:原文中有强对比的双方,题干只问及其中一方,答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素,如典型的时间要素,答案也是对原文的叙述取非。这就是时间状语的取非。其它的强对比关系(如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等),相信考生可以一眼看出,在此就不在一一列举例子了,重点在明白这种取非的思想。

阅读思维塑造:关于逻辑命题的问题

此类题目在GRE阅读中称为逻辑题,就是哪个选项成立,会support/weaken原文的观点。

先讲讲里面的逻辑思维,一个命题主要由三部分构成:条件、结论以及条件到结论的推理过程。如果同学们看到一个中文问题,说“下列哪项可以支持原文观点?”相信同学们的第一反应就是找原文的结论,再看哪个选项支持结论。这个思维就太狭隘了,因为支持条件、结论和推理过程都是对原文观点的支持,这点思维大家要建立起来。考生们在做完一个逻辑题以后,不要满足于答案,要多想想到底是支持或削弱了条件,结论还是推理过程。当把这种思维变成自己思维一部分的时候,自然可以应对自如。

阅读思维塑造:类比的思维

类比的思维在GRE阅读中绝对不少见,也就是常说的类比题。主要说“下述哪一选项所述现象和原文第N行的说法比较相像?”或者说“下列哪个选项为原文的观点提供了一个很好的例子?”

此类题的思路是:要首先对原文的内容进行归纳和抽象,抽象的时候要注意,有态度的要把态度留下,大家可以自己尝试一下如何抽象,同时也可以尝试下对其它错误选项同样也抽象。这种题目切记,不可先看选项,一定要“先抽象,再选项”。

以上就是关于GRE阅读思维塑造的一些技巧和思路,大家可以结合上述内容,总结到自己的备考方法和计划中,为GRE阅读获得高分做好充分的准备。

GRE阅读题目解析:鲸和海豚的学习能力

P24

Some researchers claim that cetaceans—whales and dolphins—have culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another. Skeptics, however, demand clear evidence that cetaceans can acquire new behaviors through some form of social learning, preferably clear-cut instances of imitation or teaching. But such evidence is difficult to obtain. While few people doubt that captive cetaceans are adept at imitation or that they reproduce behaviors taught by researchers, biologists seeking insight into cetaceans’ behavior in their natural habitats must rely on deduction rather than experiments. If members of a particular group share behaviors that do not result from genetic inheritance or environmental variation, then they have almost certainly learned them by watching, following, or listening to other animals.

1. Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It identifies a factor that complicates biologists’ ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments.

B. It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence.

C. It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidence that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture.

D. It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture.

E. It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether cetaceans have culture.

2. The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans?

A. Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists.

B. Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans.

C. They exhibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats.

D. They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans.

E. They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.

P24

1

Some researchers claim that cetaceans — whales and dolphins — have culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another.

一些研究者认为鲸目动物 —— 鲸和海豚 —— 拥有文化,研究者把它定义为互相学习的能力。

【si-'tā-shən】

2

Skeptics, however, demand clear evidence that cetaceans can acquire new behaviors through some form of social learning, preferably clear-cut instances of imitation or teaching.

然而对此持怀疑态度的人,要求给出鲸目动物可以通过某种社交学习的形式,习得新行为的确定证据,最好是清晰无误的模仿或教学的例子。

3

But such evidence is difficult to obtain.

但这种证据不易获得。

4

While few people doubt that captive cetaceans are adept at imitation or that they reproduce behaviors taught by researchers, biologists seeking insight into cetaceans’ behavior in their natural habitats must rely on deduction rather than experiments.

尽管没什么人怀疑,被圈养的鲸目动物擅长模仿,或者说它们复制研究者教给它们的行为,但想要理解自然栖息地的鲸目动物的行为,生物学家必须依赖推演,而不是实验。

5

If members of a particular group share behaviors that do not result from genetic inheritance or environmental variation, then they have almost certainly learned them by watching, following, or listening to other animals.

如果某个群体的成员都具有一些,并非来自于基因遗传或环境改变(造成)的行为,那么几乎可以确定它们是通过观察,跟随或听从其他动物而习得的。

1. Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It identifies a factor that complicates biologists’ ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments.

B. It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence.

C. It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidence that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture.

D. It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture.

E. It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether cetaceans have culture.

选 B

举例说明前一句话中提到的 deduction 。

2. The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans?

A. Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists.

B. Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans.

C. They exhibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats.

D. They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans.

E. They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.

选 E

难题,一起看。

A

强干扰项。关于鲸目动物是否能够社交学习,生物学家意见不同。单看这句话,无比对。但请注意题目问的是 CAPTIVE cetaceans 而不是单纯的 cetaceans,加了 captive 这个限定成分,这句话仍然对,但不如 E 更优。

B

干扰项。被圈养的鲸目动物模仿新行为的能力,范围比野生的更广。这是一个难以证实的结论,被圈养的海豚的确有非常强的模仿能力,能够遵照人类的指令做很多事,但野生的海豚,你甚至难以确定它有没有模仿能力,它不模仿你很可能只是因为它觉得你傻,不想模仿你,而并非不具备模仿的能力,可你一旦把它抓起来逼它模仿,逼它展示能力,就使它失去了野生动物的设定。陷阱啊同学们。

C

错在 few 。我觉得任何一个看过海豚表演(哪怕是视频里看过)的人,都知道它们可以学习一些在栖息地野生条件下所不具备的行为,比如我敢打赌野生海豚不会跳出水面钻一个火圈,野生环境里根本就没有火圈给它钻。

D

错在 more quickly,难以证实,同 B 。

E

它们展现出一些可能,即具备可以被认为形成某种文化的行为的学习能力。

翻译成中文,就不太像人话,我再意译一下。

有些生物学家认为鲸目动物可以被认为形成了文化,即它们有通过社交活动,习得新行为的能力。另外一些生物学家说你拿出证据来,谁跟谁学了,学了啥,咋学的,无视频无真相,前者拿不出。

接着作者说,这种证据不好找。(因为就算你找到了一个个例,A 跟 B 学了,你也只能证明 A 和 B 之间存在某种形成了文化的可能,而不是整个鲸目动物都形成了学习的文化。)所以作者说,要支持这个结论,需要依赖推演 deduction 而不是实验 experiments 。然后作者还例举了一种 deduction,即句 5 。

现在我们理一理线索:

1 鲸目动物有模仿人或者说听从人类指令的能力和行为?有。

2 鲸目动物互相之间有没有(非基因或环境因素导致)学习行为?没观察到。

尽管 2 尚未被证明,但 1 的成立,让有些科学家怀疑,它们已经产生了学习的文化。而让 1 成立的,正是那些 captive cetaceans 。所以说:They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.

所以选 E。

GRE阅读题目解析:46亿年前太阳的亮度

P23

When Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, the Sun burned only 70 percent as brightly as it does today. Yet Geologic record contains no evidence for widespread glaciation until 2.3 billion years ago. Sagan and Mullen suggested in the 1970s that ammonia, a greenhouse gas, warmed early Earth’s atmosphere, but subsequent research showed that the Sun’s ultraviolet rays rapidly destroy ammonia in an oxygen-free environment, such as that of early Earth. Many scientists now attribute much of the warming of early Earth to oxygen-intolerant microbes—methanogens—that produce the greenhouse gas methane. The methanogen hypothesis could help to explain the first global ice age: 2.3 billion years ago, Earth’s atmosphere began to fill with oxygen produced by other microbes—cyanobacteria—causing methanogens to decline rapidly.

1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It refutes the possibility of a connection between two events previously thought to be related.

B. It describes how a hypothesis might account for the timing of a phenomenon described earlier in the passage

C. It presents evidence that casts doubt on a statement made in the first sentence of the passage

D. It clarifies a distinction between two related hypotheses

E. It introduces findings that challenge a dominant explanation for a particular phenomenon

2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about methanogens?

A. Methanogens must have appeared on Earth later than 2.3 billion years ago.

B. Methanogens must have been much more prevalent in some regions of the early Earth than in others.

C. Methanogens produce a greenhouse gas that is more susceptible to destruction by the Sun’s ultraviolent rays than is ammonia.

D. Methanogens could not have thrived in early Earth’s atmosphere without the presence of ammonia.

E. Methanogens would have had a less significant effect on early Earth’s atmosphere if they had evolved after the appearance of cyanobacteria.

P23

1

When Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, the Sun burned only 70 percent as brightly as it does today.

46 亿年前地球刚形成时,太阳燃烧发出的亮度值相当于今天的七成。

2

Yet Geologic record contains no evidence for widespread glaciation until 2.3 billion years ago.

然而地质记录中直到 23 亿年前才首次出现广泛的结冰期的证据。

3

Sagan and Mullen suggested in the 1970s that ammonia, a greenhouse gas, warmed early Earth’s atmosphere, but subsequent research showed that the Sun’s ultraviolet rays rapidly destroy ammonia in an oxygen-free environment, such as that of early Earth.

S 和 M 于 1970 年代提出氨,一种温室气体,导致地球大气暖化,但随后的研究表明,太阳紫外线在无氧环境中快速分解了氨,这正如形成初期的地球的大气环境。

4

Many scientists now attribute much of the warming of early Earth to oxygen-intolerant microbes — methanogens — that produce the greenhouse gas methane.

现在,许多科学家把早期地球暖化,主要归因于厌氧微生物 —— 甲烷菌 ——它产生温室气体甲烷。

5

The methanogen hypothesis could help to explain the first global ice age: 2.3 billion years ago, Earth’s atmosphere began to fill with oxygen produced by other microbes — cyanobacteria — causing methanogens to decline rapidly.

甲烷菌假设,可以帮助解释第一次全球结冰期:23 亿年前,地球大气开始充满其他微生物 —— 藻青菌生产的氧气 —— 致使甲烷菌迅速减少。

1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It refutes the possibility of a connection between two events previously thought to be related.

B. It describes how a hypothesis might account for the timing of a phenomenon described earlier in the passage

C. It presents evidence that casts doubt on a statement made in the first sentence of the passage

D. It clarifies a distinction between two related hypotheses

E. It introduces findings that challenge a dominant explanation for a particular phenomenon

选 B

它描述了一种假设,也许可以解释前文出现的一种现象出现的时机。

文段开头描述了一种现象:地球刚开形成时,太阳燃烧发光比现在弱(暗示那时地球应该很冷),但地址记录中直到地球形成 23 亿年后,才出现第一次广泛冰期的证据(意味着最开始的 23 亿年并不冷)。

高亮句对这种现象给出一种假设,作为解释:

最开始地球上充满了 methanogens,它们讨厌氧气,它们每天的工作就是产生甲烷,而甲烷作为一种温室气体,使地球在太阳照射较弱的前 23 亿年保持温暖。但 23 亿年的某个时间,突然出现了大量的 cyanobacteria 藻青菌,这些家伙开始生产氧气,氧气毒死了之前那些 methanogens,也就减少了大气中的甲烷 methan,结果地球变冷,出现了第一次冰期。

所以选 B 。

2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about methanogens?

A. Methanogens must have appeared on Earth later than 2.3 billion years ago.

B. Methanogens must have been much more prevalent in some regions of the early Earth than in others.

C. Methanogens produce a greenhouse gas that is more susceptible to destruction by the Sun’s ultraviolent rays than is ammonia.

D. Methanogens could not have thrived in early Earth’s atmosphere without the presence of ammonia.

E. Methanogens would have had a less significant effect on early Earth’s atmosphere if they had evolved after the appearance of cyanobacteria.

选 E

从文中可以得到什么推论。

A

产甲烷菌一定出现在 23 亿年以后。错的离谱。文段逻辑显然是,前 23 亿年无冰期都靠 methanogens 撑场面。

B

产甲烷菌在某些地区更多。未知信息。

C

产甲烷菌生产一种,比氨更容易被太阳紫外线摧毁的温室气体。说反了。

D

错。因为 methanogens 就是产甲烷的,从名字都能看出来。

E

如果 methanogens 比 cyanobateria 出现的晚,作用就不那么重要了。正确,因为后者会杀死前者,前者的暖化作用就被削弱了。

篇3:考研心态调整很重要

考研心态调整很重要

考研即将开始了,对于正在备战硕士研究生的同学而言,马上要进入秋季强化阶段了。这个阶段不仅是将教材中的基础知识进行总结归纳、全局把握、强化的阶段,同时更需要积极调整好心态,毕竟考研是一场旷日持久的马拉松比赛,考生们在各自的跑道上使尽浑身解数,最后的撞线是所有考生为之奋斗的目标。但是结果是残酷的,不会让所有努力的考生都会得到想要的结果。大部分的考生的实力不分上下,想要击败众多的参赛者,关键是心态的比拼。

经过一个暑假的复习,从刚开始决定考研时慷慨激昂的斗志,逐渐被被家长们“爱的升级版”、看也看不完的复习材料以及考试时间的一天天临近而消磨殆尽。家人和朋友的关怀和各界压力慢慢的转化为考生们的思想负担,所以这一阶段的心态调整直接影响到冲刺阶段的复习,甚至决定着考研的结果。考研专家在考研心态调整上给考生们一些建议,希望能为同学们提供帮助。

整体统筹 灵活处理 减轻心理压力

说到考研,也许你脑海里只有一个字“乱”。报考学校的选择、参考书的挑选、复习计划的制定、时间的紧缺、条件的限制,使得我们没有机会在一一尝试之后,再做出选择。于是,选择什么?舍弃什么?怎样才能达到最好的复习效果,如何才能实现资源的优化配置?这些都没有人可以帮你拿主意。事实上,没有必要也没有可能把所有需要的东西都备齐了才开始上路。在考研之初做出科学合理的规划是必要的,但是计划赶不上变化快,并不需要把所有的进程和每一个细节都规划得清清楚楚、明明白白。尤其是现在已经结束了一个假期的备考,你已经对自己的学习进度有了一个节奏性的把握。也就是说,在这个阶段你应该根据考研时间、大纲调整等政策的变化,及时调整你的学习计划。在明确考试时间和自己学习情况下,你只要确定总共要复习几遍,大概多长时间完成一个阶段,各科目每天的学习时间等这些整体的计划就可以了,详细的计划还需要根据实际复习情况随时应变。这样在有计划性的同时,也为自己保留了一定的弹性。如此一来,就不会因为一些细节上的不如意和生搬硬套而斤斤计较、精神紧张了。也就可以有效避免因长期按照固定的计划、固定的模式生硬地复习,但又经常感到具体复习进展和原定计划有出入而积累的心理压力。整体的计划性和一定程度灵活性相结合,是减轻心理压力,避免考研综合症不断来袭的有效方式之一。

坚持原则 切忌烦躁

在考研的.复习中存在着这样一种现象,那就是自己总是看着别人的复习进度,这样往往自己的复习计划被打乱。看着别人复习的进度比自己快了,心里就会很焦急,进而产生烦躁的情绪。对于这种情况。考研专家建议考生按照自己事先制定的计划来,按部就班的复习。对于别人的复习进度,可以参考和借鉴,但是千万不能照搬照抄,要有自己的原则。如果考生在复习中出现一段时间看不进去书的状态,拿起书来就感到非常烦躁。出现这样的情况,考研专家建议考生在感到烦躁时,可以由这门课换为另一门。如果还是不管用,干脆,合起书本,找到要好的知心的朋友,一起到校园里走一走,聊一些大家都开心的事,看看校园中匆忙的身影,心情自然就会好起来。大概半个小时左右,就可以缓解这种状况。

总之,考研是场耗体力、耗脑力又耗心力的拉锯战,所以保持心态的慢跑,不要让心态坐上“过山车”,学着调节心态的奔跑速度和节奏,等你踏出考场时,你就会发现,原来考研考的不仅是知识,更是一场心理素质之战。

篇4:调整心态也很重要

俗话说的好“台上十年功,台下一分钟”,面试也是这样的。一个面试往往就几分钟或十几分钟的时间,那么在那么短的时间内,如果打动面试官成功拿到offer,对于面试者来说就很重要了。因此,在面试前我们往往会做大量的准备工作,其中很重要的一点便是调节好自己的心态,不让自己因为面试时的过度紧张而错失机会!

找工作的时候,除了要拥有一份打动HR的简历外,还需面试者前期做好大量的准备和调整自己的状态,用良好的心态将自己最优秀的一面展示在面试官的面前,吸引他们的目光。对于面试者而言,从大量的简历中脱颖而出已经很不简单了,所以我们要珍惜每一次的面试机会,赢得一份自己满意的工作。

面对未知的事物,紧张在所难免。如果不能调整好心态,便有可能因为答非所问、语无伦次等原因给面试官留下一个差印象。那么面试前我们应该如何调整自己的心态呢?

深呼吸。相信这一条大家都知道也都运用过吧。当我们紧张时不仅仅会对你的心理产生影响,同时也会表现在你的身体上,比如:心跳加快、手心出汗、面部僵硬、手部抖动......而深呼吸,可以通过呼吸节奏的调整来达到思维调整的目的,可以稳定我们的情绪。面试推门而入的前一刻,不妨做个深呼吸给身体和心理放松一下吧。

不过对于某些过度紧张的人来说,简单的深呼吸可能只能暂时的缓解情绪,无法让他们平静下来。对于这样的朋友来说,试试找个物品转移一下自己的注意力的方法吧!或是听歌、或是看小说、或是玩游戏,将自己从焦虑的情绪中解放出来,不要让自己的注意力过分的集中在面试这件事情上。

再者,面试前也可以通过一些心理暗示来调整自己的心态。如果前期对于应聘的企业你已经做了大量的功课,亦或是简单的有了一个了解。那么在等待的时间里,你可以在紧张的时候默默的在心理对自己说“我是最棒的,我可以胜任这份工作!”

紧张是人的一个正常的反应,这并不表明我们的能力不够,相反它也反映出你对一件事物的重视程度。如果是平时和朋友普通的交谈你还会紧张吗?所以,调整呼吸,放下包袱,别给自己太多的压力,要相信自己你是最出色的!

篇5:gre考试写作方式哪些值得借鉴

gre考试写作方式哪些值得借鉴?

四种gre写作考试方法

1。GRE写作考试有练习题:

为了达到公平,在考试中公布所有的写作试题,以达到能力和本土。

演讲者互相竞争。考生应在考试前预习所有试题(节省考试时间),通过撰写100-150篇大纲了解GRE写作的总体结构,通过撰写30-50篇文章练习写作思路和表达方式。练习题里的试题越熟练,考试就越好。

2。gre写作考试以计件方式进行评估:

每个评论员都很快地评论你的文章。不可能把每一个细节都看得很仔细。考生要迎合阅卷人的阅卷思维,用最规范的结构和最清晰的表达方式来反映自己的思维:第一段要明确提出自己的观点,第二段要开放,每段的开头应该是该段的主题句。

三。gre考试写作得分是整体得分:

首先,根据公布的各评分部分的评分标准,评分主要集中在以下三个方面:1)逻辑分析能力(洞察力要求);2)条理清晰的要求;3)语言能力(标准书面英语;简明要求;可变结构要求)。

但也强调,评级是整体性的,而不是从各个角度分别打分。这表明,虽然中国考生的语言能力很弱,但他们可以得到6分,,gre写作方法,gre写作怎么练只要他们能给评论者留下深刻印象的其他两个角度。因此,当我们在短期内尽最大努力提高语言能力(语言能力的培养不能在一两天内完成)时,我们应该在复习时尽可能深入地分析这个话题。学习高分作文的结构,通过这两方面的突破,迅速提高作文的总分。

4。GRE写作的两部分在总分中的权重相同:

由于aa的写作不涉及自身观点的发展,只需要指出作者的逻辑漏洞,因此经过训练后写作并不困难;而ai的写作需要发展自己的思想,不仅需要逻辑洞察力的能力,同时也具备一定的论证能力和语言组织能力。中国考生很难在短时间内提高。但是,这两部分在总分中的权重是一样的,所以考生的策略应该是尽量提高人工智能部分的写作能力,尽量保持人工智能部分的满分(或高分)。

因为如果AA部分满分,AI部分只需争取4分以上,就能保证作文总分在5分以上。其次,评分标准和作文评分的计算参照了过度评价模型。我们可以很容易地发现,评分标准中的问题和论点都有共同点:第一,观点要深刻,论证要有说服力;第二,组织要有条理,表达要清晰准确;第三、语言要流利;句型复杂,词汇丰富。这三者分别是关于文本的“思想性”、“结构性”和“表现性”。大多数高分考生在这三个方面表现都很好。从这里入手,采用“各个击破”的方法,剖析GRE作文的精髓,从而得到一个理想的分数,这是很自然的。

如何练习GRE写作

疯狂的作家一开始总是不理智的,特别是当他们写第一期和第一次辩论的时候。aw的真正提高是在写作的过程中,但在这之前一定要读一定数量的书。

我个人的观点是,在积累一定量后,我可以写几篇文章,找出最弱的部分,最需要从文章中加强部分,然后找到解决的办法。在最近一个月左右的时间里,我将进行一次模型考试培训。在熟悉GRE作文练习题和模型文本和作文要求后,我可以试着写一篇,然后找出差距。语言和例子如下:最好是积累之前,但如果积累不够,你也可以先写一篇文章,然后比较。

GRE写作高分范文:现代摄像机和印刷术

“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”

摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活,因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

GRE写作范文:

“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”There have been many methods of documenting in the history of human, from carved ancient pottery to sheepskin documents, of which the video camera may be the newest form with certain superiorities and inferiorities to written records. The advantages of video camera certainly make it an important form of documentation, but not to the extent of being more essential than written records due to its disadvantages.

To begin with, video can be interpreted as a series of pictures associated along the time, while written records can be considered as the descriptions of these pictures.Therefore, it is undoubtedly that video contains much more information than that of written records. From a video, we can clearly know what happened with subtle details.Merely with a television set, we can easily watch the happenings at home, such as the Olympic Games, comfortably sitting on the sofa, needless to be present on the spot.

And more excitedly, certain close-up enables us to scrutinize our favorable athletes. If there isn‘t video camera, we may be unable to enjoy such activities unless we can afford time and expense to be on the spot. While it is true that we can also be acquainted with the circumstances through newspaper or other media, however, the written record may be unable to present them as accurate as video. The imagination from the reports, however detailed, dooms to be imaginary, by all means different from the real circumstance, which video can represent. Moreover, the written records may contain some mistakes due to the carelessness or injustice of its reporters, while the video may be more accurate and convincing.

Another strongpoint of video is that it can be perceived simply by visual signals, from which people mainly get information in their daily lives, and therefore this method is more natural than written records. Everyone, ranging from a babbling child to an old grandpa, is able to get some information from the video just as they do during their daily lives, regardless of their literate ability. While the written record, no matter how easily it is represented, requires literacy of its readers, and a newspaper or book means nothing to an illiterate person. In addition, video is much easier to comprehend for people all over the world. For instance, an American can grasp nothing about a story written in Chinese unless s/he has learnt such a foreign language. However, s/he can absolutely understand something about a video recorded in China, although s/he may be confused with the language spoken in the video.

While video is certainly not superior to written recorders in all aspects, its limitations determine that the written record will not be replaced at least at present. The first disadvantage of video is that it is much more inconvenient and expensive. Video must be recorded on the spot, namely, when an event happens to you, you cannot record it unless you have a camera at hand. However, even though you haven’t paper and pencil either, you are still able to recall it to record based on your remembrance.

Therefore, for those who can’t afford a handy camera or who are unwilling to bring it anytime anywhere, the written records may be the easiest form available. Further, another weakness of video is that its cost is too high and its correspondingly high-quality record may be beyond people‘s requirement. The cost of making a written report is much less than that of manipulating a video. Also, every morning we may browse a newspaper to know what happened throughout the world, and the simple report, which may only consume us a few seconds, meets our needs of curiosity; we needn’t the accuracy and vividness of video, which may be more time-consuming.

GRE写作高分范文:技术与学习的矛盾

Although innovations such as video,computers,and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students,these technologies all too often distract from real learning.

尽管诸如电视、电脑和互联网这样的发明似乎给学校教育提供了进步的手段,但是所有这些技术往往也是在偏离真正的学习。

GRE写作题库范文:

Nowadays there is a growing concern about the role that innovations have played in the field of learning. While most people think that innovations benefit learning process in various ways,different opinions arise that these technology advancements actually distract students from real learning. On balance,according to my personal observation,whether innovations can be beneficial or detrimental to real learning depends on the students and the teachers,not on these innovations themselves.

To begin with,technological innovations do help teaching and learning in various ways.With the aid of these technologies,the process of teaching and learning can be shorter and easier than before. For instance,if a student want certain published papers of an academic discipline,he/she may look through considerable catalogs to find the ones he/she needs. However,with the help of Internet innovation,at present most of these papers are published online. Consequently,to find certain paper the procedure is much easier and shorter,the students just type the key words and other information of the paper,and then the system will search the database,and the papers are there waiting for them. As this new approach can save a lot of time for the students,he/she could have more time reading the papers and absorbing the knowledge rather than checking and looking for the papers that could be a waste of his/her time. This example aptly illustrates how technology advancement benefited the students and their learning process.

Secondly,while innovations can help learning in various ways,it is more important that the central role of the pursuit for knowledge and wisdoms are maintained. What real matters is not the approach but the purpose of learning. In India,where modern technologies are less applied to the learning process than in the US and other developed countries,still a lot of distinguished students achieved their academic goal with their hard work and desires to knowledge. In the US,where the software engineering students are given the most advanced facilities and apparatus for their learning and research,however,it is wildly accepted that they are far less outstanding compared to the Indian students of software,who may share computers in groups. From this comparison we can see that the real and core push of learning is the desire for knowledge,not the help of innovations.

In addition,if not guided properly,the technology advancement might inhibit learning.In other words,innovation can distract the students from real learning than helping them. It is obvious that a computer can help students of science to calculate mathematical equations but can also be used for recreation such as net surfing or computer games. It is highly possible that these students can spend more time and energy on recreations rather than learning when using a computer. Thus,learning is inhibited. Under this circumstance,guidance and restrictions are needed to ensure the right use of innovations for learning,or the consequence may be on the contrary to the students and teachers' desire.

篇6:gre考试网站报名方式

gre考试网站报名方式

1、登录gre考试网站,在页面中部的Tests下面选择GRE,接下来在GRE页面的右侧选择Order Additional Score Reports Online

2. 填写网站基本信息表并登录

4、Confirm Personal Infortion

查看您的信息是否正确,如果正确,请单击右下角的Continue,如果不正确,请修改它

5、Order GRE Score Reports

在Send Currently Available Scores (includes scores from test dates listed below)前面的圆圈点击一下,然后点右下角的Continue

6、Find Your Score Recipient

gre考试介绍Country/Location右边的选项框中选择第一个:United States of America,然后出现一个State,在右边选择你要送的学校所在的州。比如你想送纽约大学,它在纽约州,选择New York,然后点击右边的Search

7、在出现的很多学校中选择你要送的学校,NYU后面还跟着不同的学院,选择你要送的专业所在的学院。比如学生要申请的经济学专业在文理学院,选择New York U Grad Arts Sci,后面的代码是2596,点击后面的Select

8、Find Your Department

填写你要申请的系,比如要申请经济系,写Economics,然后Search

9. 页面出现的部门的许多专业分支

选择要申请的分支,然后单击右边的蓝色选择

三个选择

General Test scores

Subject Test scores

Analytical Writing scores

一般不测试子发送点可以先选择

然后单击右下角的Continue

10、新gre考试策略出现你要送的专业的信息,右边显示要交20美金。右下角有两个选择,第一个是Add a score Recipient,第二个是Continue。如果还有别的学校要送,选第一个,重复本说明中的操作流程送分;如果没有别的学校要送,就选Continue。

11、确认信息无误,点击I understand and agree to the policies above前面的方框,然后点击右下角的Continue

12、Proceed to Checkout缴费就可以了

gre考试流程

gre考试上午10点开始,考生最迟在9:30进入考场。你10点到,10点以后考试仍然没有问题。每个人在不同的时间开始考试,在不同的时间休息,在不同的时间结束。

2. 到候选人候诊室检查身份证,领取钥匙,将包放入小柜内,填写候选人保密协议并签字。尽快完成副本的保密宣誓,不能把水带到入口,一个好的厕所。

3检查你的凭证扫描你的机场和地铁扫描设备,看看你是否有任何作弊工具,然后坐在椅子上半身的照片,电脑摄像头,电脑随机安排席位后,草稿纸可以无限续杯是不够的,但是如果你想返回一个,三个。

5.正式考试界面登录之后就是水平测试软件PP2上的界面一模一样了。先是两个作文的部分,一个Issue一个Argue,各30分钟,写够字数基本上就是满屏左右。因为每行屏幕能写12个单词左右。每个Section结束后可休息1分钟。两个作文部分结束后,进入到语文或者数学部分。

6.正常的考生会遇到V-Q-V-Q-或者是Q-V-Q-V,一定会有一个加试,可能语文可能数学每个考生不一样,在两篇作文和两个Section之后会有十分钟休息。

GRE备考词汇:与城市相关的词

city城市

capital首都

metropolis大都市

shopping centre商业区

municipality市政当局

municipal市的,市政的

district区

residential area居民区

urban市区的

suburb近郊区

outskirts郊区

slums 贫民窟

shantytown贫民区

village村

hamlet小村

hole, dump狭小破旧的住房

GRE备考词汇:与夏天相关的词

sizzling酷热

severe heat酷热

scorching weather高温天气

stiflingly hot闷热

high temperature allowance高温津贴

heat stroke中暑

sunstroke中暑

summer resort避暑胜地

rain cats and dogs大雨倾盆

thunderstorms雷阵雨

Can you open a window? I’m suffocating. 能开窗么我快闷死了。

GRE备考词汇:与城市道路相关的

road路

street大街、(美)东西大街

avenue(美)南北大街

boulevard林荫大道

walk, promenade散步的路

alley胡同

passageway, alleyway过道,出入口

pavement便道(美作:sidewalk)

one-way street单行线

intersection交叉

corner街角

block街区

roadway 快车道

asphalt沥青

sewer下水道

fountain喷泉

篇7:GRE考试阅读重要原则

GRE考试阅读重要原则

原则一:迅速读懂

原则二:利用语法、不靠语法

即在GRE阅读中,考生永远也不需要再考场上分析一句话的语法成分,也不要想这句话有没有语法错误,考生的唯一任务就是现场迅速的读懂文章。

然而在初期可以少量的运用语法,目的有二:一为初学者如果看不懂句子得结构,往往会感到心情沮丧,或大脑混乱,根本就读不尽文章,因此引入语法能够给读者以信心;二为运用语法,可以了解文章的语法结构,并最终完全熟悉各种类型的句子,达到一遍就可以读懂句子得效果。

原则三:学练结合,以连为主

训练的类别:1、难句阅读训练;2、阅读理解力训练;即“懂”3、阅读速度与阅读习惯训练,即“迅速”。

实际上,对于英语语法得学习,包括对英文单词的中文释意的记忆和对英语句子得中文翻译,都只是我们学习英语的辅助工具;我们最终的目的,是为了提高对英语的实际使用能力。具体到GRE阅读考试的应用上,就是看到英语句子时,正确的做法不应该是现场分析出其余法结构,再背出每个单词的中文释意,再把这些中文单词串成句子,最后才根据翻译出来的中文来想这句话的意思是什么,而是读到每个单词、每一句话的时候,大脑中的第一反映是其意思而不是中文释意。

在进行GRE阅读训练时候,有几个建议提供给大家:

要点一:在难巨资进行的阅读和训练中,只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思(不是中文释意)为唯一目的。什么时候读者发现自己完全消除了在阅读过程中的在大脑中的中文释意和语法分析过程,此要求即达到。

四种训练方式:a、意群训练;b、不回视训练;c、合理化原则推力训练;d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练

a、 意群训练:以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象,而不是单个的单词。同时避免发声阅读,克服内心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动,关键是:

要点二:眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快

b、 不回视训练:保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力,避免回视,关键是:

要点三:在阅读文章时,都要注意整句的回视现象,坚持一遍就都下来

c、 合理化训练:根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理,将不懂得地方进行合理推理。

要点四:凡遇到不懂得地方,就用合理化推理进行推理

d、 速度与理解力的平衡点训练:

一、 推出自己的速度与理解力的平衡点;二、在阅读中根据所读的内容的难度和重要性程度,调整自己的现场阅读速度

要点五:贵在坚持,不可半途而废。

GRE阅读,就是充斥着一些或很长、或很怪异的句子,称之为GRE难句。句子,作为任何阅读文章最基本的阅读单位,其重要性不言而喻。

GRE长难句练习及解析:期的纺织厂主们

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

【标识】

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, 1[in justifying women’s employment] 2[in wage labor], made much of the assumption 3[that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores]; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order 4[hoary stereotypes] 5[associated with the homemaking activities] 6[that they presumed] 7[to have been the purview of women].

【难点】

1. 介词结构倒装。in justifying women’s employment修饰entrepreneurs。2. 介词结构倒装。in wage labor修饰women’s employment。3. 同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句进一步解释assumption。4. 宾语倒装。hoary stereotypes是imported的直接宾语。5. 分词结构倒装。associated with the homemaking activities修饰stereotypes。6. 定语从句及省略。that引导的定语从句修饰activities,此处省略引导词that。7. 介词结构倒装。to have been the purview of women修饰activities。

【译文】

比如,早期的纺织厂主们在说明他们在工资劳动中雇佣妇女的理由时,已经做了很大程度的假设,他们认为妇女天生就擅长做细活,并在进行重复性的杂务时也更加细心;因此,早期的纺织厂主们就把这样的陈词滥调引入到了新的工业秩序中,即认为家务劳动是妇女的天职。

【3s版本】

纺织厂主倾向于雇女工是因为他们的成见认为妇女擅长干细致的家务活。

GRE阅读:长难句分析

With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .(4+)

难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、专有名词

译文:随着爆发出来的运动的结束,再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高,使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态,直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢,被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖,而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。

解释:本句中修饰成分极多,以分词修饰和介词结构修饰为主,作各种类型的状语。前面的状语和主句还好理解,从leaving开始句子变难;leaving引导的直到句末的结构来做整个句子的状语;分词中又包含了三个状语,其中的两个via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入语的作用,把be converted into拆成两段。

本句的另外一个特征是其中充斥着专有名词。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通过字面的意思或者根据词头、词根我们还是应该猜出其意思的,lactic acid, metabolism和muscle这三个词在生物类文章中极其常用,大家应该背下来;而glycogen这种东西则没办法,只能作一个首字母提炼。但是请记住,GRE和GMAT文章中只要出现了这种专有名词,出题者是一定会在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的词义解释清楚的,所以读者遇到文章中做了解释的专有名词,应该力求把解释看懂。

意群训练:With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animalvulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .

Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (难度3)

难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、抽象词

译文:哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能,无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。

解释:介词from的宾语有两个并列的部分,由and所连接,在and之后的第二个from前,省略了前面一样的谓语动词derive。本句之所以难,有两个原因,一是derived from 后面的成分太长,初学者难以一下子看下来;二是作为一篇文科文章,用词抽象,难以迅速理解。

意群训练:Hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.

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3.细节很重要

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