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高考英语语法填空冠词知识点与谓语动词表

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高考英语语法填空冠词知识点与谓语动词表

篇1:高考英语语法填空冠词知识点与谓语动词表

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种,一般无句子重音。

1)不定冠词a,an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的“一个”,相当于汉语的“一”,但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。如:a notebook一个笔记本,a cigarette一支香烟,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a useful book一本有用的书,a university一所大学。字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如an hour [ən'auə]一小时,an honest [ən' nist] person一个诚实的人。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2)定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的“某一个”或“某一些”,相当于汉语的“这”或“那”。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词,也不论可数名词或不可数名词,前面都可以用the。

c)在元音前读[Ti],辅音前读[TE]。如the evening [Ti5:vniN] (傍晚),the car [TEkB:] (汽车);在元音字母u发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时,仍读[əTE]。如the unit [TE5ju:nit] (单位),the yard [TEjB:d] (院子)。

英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如:

Xiao Xu's father is a miner.小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , please.请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如:

A steel worker makes steel.钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three angles.三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:

He comes from a firm in Beijing.他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see you.有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the gate.一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指“事物的单位”,如“每日”、“每斤”等。如:

Butter is 4 yuan a kilo.黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an hour.他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a year.中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day. 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

定冠词 the 的用法

1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:

This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。(以别于其他房子)

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.书桌上的那本书是一本英语词典。(特指桌上的那本书。注意名词book被 on the desk短语所限定。)

Cairo is the capital of Egypt.开罗是埃及的首都。

We plan to cut the wheat in these fields in three days' time.我们计划三天后割这些地的小麦。(特指这些地里的小麦)

2)指说话人与听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事物。如:

Open the door, please.请开门。(双方都知道指的是哪一个门)

The Manager is in his office.经理在他的办公室里。(双方都知道指的是哪个经理)

Let's meet at the railway station.我们在火车站碰头吧。(双方都知道指的是哪一个火车站)

3)复述上文提过的人或事物。如:

Last week I read a story and a play. The story is about the Second World War and the play about the life of university students.上周我读了一篇故事和一个剧本。那篇故事是关于第二次世界大战的,剧本是关于大学生生活的。

4)表示在世界上独一无二的事物,如 the sun太阳,the moon月亮,the earth地球,the sky天空,the world世界。

5)定冠词the用于单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。如:

The Chinese student of English is apt to make such mistakes.中国学英语的学生容易犯这样的错误。.

The favourite fast food in the United States is the hamburger.美国最为人所爱吃的快餐是汉堡包。

The compass was invented in ancient China.古代中国发明了指南针。

演奏乐器时,乐器的名称前也常用定冠词the。如:

At the Children's Palace,some children learn to play the piano,others learn to play the violin.在少年宫里,有的小孩学弹钢琴,有的学拉小提琴。

[注一]语法书中的the verb(动词)和动植物学书中的the elephant(象)和the rose(玫瑰)等,都属于这一类。

[注二]“马是有用的动物”有下面三种说法,如:

A horse is a useful animal.

The horse is a useful animal.

Horses are useful animals.

6)表示阶级、党派的名词前必须用“the”。如the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党,the working class工人阶级,the bourgeoisie资产阶级,the Labour Party(英国)工党

7)定冠词还可与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表某一类人或物。如the poor穷人,the rich富人,the wounded伤员,the sick病号,the beautiful美丽的事物。

8)在序数词、形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前,常用定冠词the。如:

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。

January is the first month of the year.元月是一年中的第一个月份。

The sun rises in the east.日出东方。

9)下面一些说法中习惯上须用定冠词the。如:

in the morning在早上或上午

in the afternoon在下午

in the evening在晚上

to go to the theatre(cinema)到剧院(电影院)去看戏(电影)

专有名词前冠词的用法

专有名词前一般不用冠词,如Shanghai上海,Britain英国,Edgar Snow埃德加·斯诺。但在下列几种场合中,却经常要用定冠词。

1)在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前。如:

the Yellow River黄河,the Baltic(Sea)波罗的海,the Pacific (Ocean)太平洋,the Atlantic(Ocean)大西洋,the Xisha islands西沙群岛,the Tianshan Mountains天山,the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山。

2)在含有普通名词的专有名词前。如:

a)某些国名前:

the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国,the United States of America美国(有些国名并不含有普通名词,但也用定冠词,如:the Philippines菲律宾,the Sudan苏丹。)

b)某些机关团体等组织名称前:

the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会,the State Council国务院,the United Nations联合国

c)朝代、时代的名称前:

the Tang dynasty唐朝,the Warring States period战国时代。

3)在某些建筑物的名称前。如:

the National Art Gallery国家美术馆,the Great Wall长城,the Peking Zoo北京动物园,the British Museum大英博物馆。

4)在报纸、杂志、旅馆等名称前。如:

the People's Daily《人民日报》,the Reader's Digest读者文摘,the Being Hotel北京饭店。

5)在姓名复数形式前,指一家人。如:

The Lius have moved to Tianjin.刘家已经搬到天津去了,

The Greens came to China for a visit last year.格林一家去年来中国访问过。

抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法

1)抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时,前面通常不用冠词,但特指时,则须用定冠词。试比较:

War is the continuation of politics.战争是政治的继续。

Our battalion fought north and south during the Anti - Japanese War.

我们这个营在抗日战争时期转战南北。

He is fond of music.他喜欢音乐。

Did you like the music of the film?你喜欢这个影片的音乐吗?

Science is making rapid progress in China.中国科学正在飞速发展。

Physics is the science of matter and energy.物理学是研究物质和能量的科学。

China is rich in oil. 中国石油丰富。

The oil produced in Dagang is of first-rate quality.大港油田生产的石油质量是头等的。

2)抽象名词和物质名词如果具体化,表示一个具体情况或动作或某一类物质时,前面可用不定冠词。如:

It is a great joy to live in New China.生活在新中国真幸福。

Liu Hulan has an ardent love for the people and a deep hatred for the enemy.刘胡兰热爱人民,痛恨敌人。

Mao-tai is a famous Chinese liquor.茅台是一种中国的名酒。

She built a fire.她生了个火。

-Have a smoke?

--No,thanks. I gave Up smoking long ago.

--抽支烟吧?

--谢谢,我早戒烟了。

不用冠词的场合

1)专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前,一般不用冠词。如:

Canada加拿大,Japanese日语,love爱,hatred恨,glass玻璃,water水。

2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时,不用冠词。如:

That is my cap.那是我的帽子。

I enjoyed every minute of it.我自始至终都玩得痛快。

I want this book, not that one.我要这本书,不要那本书。

3)季节、月份、星期几等名称前,一般不用冠词。如:

Spring has come.春天来了。

Winter is the best time for skating.冬天是溜冰的最好季节。

Her little daughter was born in April 1987.她的小女儿于1987年4月出生。

We have mathematics on Monday.我们星期一有数学课。

[注]季节前有时也用冠词。如in the spring在春季。当然也可以说in spring。

4)复数名词表示某一类人或事物时,不用冠词。如:

I don't approve of cousins marrying.我不赞成表兄妹结婚。

Books are my best friends.书是我最好的朋友。

5)称呼语前面不用冠词,表示头衔和职务(这种职务一般只由一人担任)的名词的前面也常不用冠词。如:

What does this word mean, Father?这个词是什么意思,爸爸?

Mrs. Johnson is director of the office.约翰逊太太是办公室主任。

6)在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。如:

by air乘飞机,at night夜间,in fact事实上,in danger在危险中,after school放学后,at home在家中,in town在城里,to go to school上学去,to go to bed去睡觉,to go to class去上课,from door to door挨门挨户,from morning till night从早到晚。

7)三餐饭的名称前,常不用冠词。如:

Have you had breakfast?你吃过早饭了吗?

After lunch we usually have a nap.午饭后我们一般都睡午觉。

What did you have for supper?你晚饭吃什么了?

[注]但指一特定的餐食时则须用定冠词,如Come on, or the dinner will be getting cold.(快来,要不饭就凉了)。

8)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如:

My younger brother likes to play table tennis.我弟弟喜欢打乒乓球。

Let's go and watch them play chess.让我们去看他们下棋去。

9)节日、假日等名称之前不用冠词。如:

New Year's Day元旦 National Day国庆节

May Day五一劳动节 Children's Day儿童节

Christmas Day圣诞节

10)报纸和文章的标题常常省去冠词。如:

Letter from Beijing: Women in Capital Cotton Mill 《北京来信:首都棉纺厂的妇女》(文章标题,letter之前省去了不定冠词a。)

Bosses Force Deadlock on Pay Increase Talks老板们使要求增加工资的谈判陷于僵局。(报纸标题,bosses前省去the,deadlock前省去a, pay increase talks前省去the。)

篇2:高考英语语法填空冠词知识点与谓语动词表

语法功能

构成法(以do为例)

与谓语动词的时间关系

主 语

宾 语

表 语

定 语

状 语

宾主补

时态语态

主 动

被 动

先发生

同发生

后发生

例 句

不 定 式

一般式

to do

to be done

 

I saw him go out.

I hope to go to college.

完成式

to have done

to have been done

   

I am glad to have met you.

进行式

to be doing

   

 

He pretended to be working hard.

完成进行式

to have been doing

 

   

I am happy to have been living here.

现在分词

   

一般式

doing

being done

 

 

He sat there, reading a book.

   

完成式

having done

having been done

   

Having finished the work, he went home.

过去分词

   

一般式

 

done

   

Given more time, we could do it much better.

动名词

   

一般式

doing

being done

 

She enjoys singing.

I remember meeting you somewhere before.

   

完成式

having done

having been done

   

She regretted having missed the film.

篇3:高考英语语法填空代词知识点与非谓语动词之分词表

高考英语语法填空代词知识点

定义 代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词:

代词在句子中的功用

a)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:

a) I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)

This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰·史密斯。(作主语)

Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语)

That's all.我的话完了。(作表语)

b)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)

All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语)

3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,other's别人的,somebody's某人的,one's一个人的。

4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。

5)有或没有冠词 代词之前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。

种类

英语有下列几种代词:

1)人称代词(personal pronoun)

a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they.

b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them.

2)物主代词(possessive pronoun):

a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.

b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.

3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.

4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another.

5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.

6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what.

7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that.

8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.

人称代词概说

表示“我',、”你“、”他“、”我们“、”你们“、”他们“等的词,叫做人称代词。

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词主格的用法

a)作主语

I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks,

You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.

He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers.

She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses.

It is a cart.(大车) They are carts.

b)作表语

It's I .是我。 Oh,it's you. 噢,是你。

[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)

[注二]口语习惯上不说it's I (he, she等),而说It's me (him,her等)。

2)人称代词宾格的用法

a)作及物动词的宾语

The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。

Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。

This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子,你喜欢吗?

b)作介词的宾语

My brother often writes tome.我弟弟常给我写信。

They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。

3)人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外,还有下列一些特殊用法:

a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者,在发表观点时,常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如:

We believe that China will make still greater progress in shipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。

In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。

b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等,以表示亲切和爱抚。如:

That's the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - going freighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。

The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。

c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如:

The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。

d) they可用来代替一般的人,特别在”they say“中。如:

They say there's going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。

物主代词概说

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。

物主代词的用法

1)形容词性物主代词用作定语

I love my work in the hospital.我喜欢我在医院的工作。

How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少学生?

There are many good teachers in our school.我们学校有许多好老师。

I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains.

我上星期六看了一个电影,名叫《平原游击队》。

2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语

a)用作主语:

Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层,他们的在二层。

Ours is a socialist country.我们的国家是社会主义国家。

b)用作宾语:

I didn't borrow her dictionary. I borrowed his.我没有借她的字典,我借的是他的。

c)用作表语:

Whose pencil is this?-It is hers.这是谁的铅笔?

--是她的。

These tools are ours.这些工具是我们的。

[注]”of+名词性物主代词“和2.12的”of+名词所有格“的用法完全一样。如:

a friend of mine我的一个朋友(表示部分观念,意即我有不少朋友,他(她)是其中之一)

this lovely child of yours你的这个可爱的孩子(有感情色彩)

自身代词概说

表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身)或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词叫做自身代词。

自身代词的用法

1)在句中作宾语,表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如:

Please help yourself to some lea.请自己用茶。(作help的宾语)

The girl is too young to look after herself.这女孩太小,还不能照顾自己。(作look after的宾语)

He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself他总是帮助别人,从不想到自己。(作thought of的宾语)

2)在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,作”亲自“、”本人“解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后,也可置于句子末尾。如:

You yourself said so.你自己是这样说的。

The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。

I fixed the window myself.这窗户是我自己装的。

相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。

相互代词的用法

1)作宾语。如:

Do you often see one another?你们彼此常见面吗?

New and old students learn from each other.新老同学相互学习。.

John and Tom helped each other.约翰和汤姆相互帮助。

2)作定语时须用所有格。如:

We are interested in one another's work.我们关心彼此的工作。

The students corrected each other's mistakes in their homework.学生相互改作业中的错误。

Students cut each other's hair.同学们相互理发。

3)each和other有时可分开用。如:

Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home.两个人都彼此劝说对方留在家里。

指示代词概说

表示”这个“、”那个“、”这些“、”那些“等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。

指示代词有:this这个,that那个,these这些,those那些,it那个,这个,Such如此的,如此的事物,same同样的,同样的事物。

指示代词this,these,that,those在句中的功用

指示代词this,these,that,those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词,可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:

This is a plane,这是一架飞机。(作主语)

Oh,it's not that.噢,问题不在那儿。(作表语)

How do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?(作宾语)

This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)

指示代词ins,these,that, those的其它用法

1)This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物,that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如:

This is a sickle and that is an axe.这是一把镰刀,那是一把斧子。

These days are cold.这些天很冷。

In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里,穷人生活很苦。

2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如:

I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害,所以我没有来。

Those two statements are not true.那两种说法是不真实的。

What I want to say is this:Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要说的是:语音在英语学习中非常重要。

chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words:”A great life A glorious death“毛主席用下面的话表彰刘胡兰:”生的伟大,死的光荣。“

3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词,常可用that或those代替。如:

The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)

The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)

Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)

4)This和that有时作状语用,表示”程度“,意谓”这么“和”那么“。如:

The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。

I don't want that much.我不要那么多。

It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。

如:

Who is it?――it's me.是谁?--是我。

Oh, it's you,Lao Wang.哦,是你呀,老王。

Such和same也是指示代词,其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作:

1)定语

The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。

We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。

[注] such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在Such之后,如上面第一例。

2)相当于名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)

The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)

Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)

His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语)

[注]注意在same之前一般须用定冠词the。

疑问代词概说

”疑问代词有who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose(谁的,所有格),what(什么)和which(哪个,哪些)等。

疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中

疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如:

Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)

Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)

Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语,但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)

Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)

What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语)

What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)

Which is yours,the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)

[注一]关于疑问代词的各种用法,可参看77.70-77.72。

[注二]疑问代词who,what,which等后面加单词ever,可强调语气,表达说话人的各种感情。如:

What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?

Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁?

[注三]which表示在一定范围之内的选择,what则没有这种限制。如:

What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?

Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个?

Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人?

疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句

间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑问句中又担任一定的句子成分。如:

Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项工作,现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中用作主语。)

Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导一个宾语从句,而它本身又在从句中用作表语。)

[注一] what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。如:

What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于that which。它引导一个主语从句,这个从句不是间接疑问句。)

Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩子干什么他们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句,这个从句也不是间接疑问句。)

[注二] whatever,whoever,whichever等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever,whoever,whichever也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72)如:

They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)

I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下许多书,谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句,并在从句中作主语。)

关系代词

两种可用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词

这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分,可作主语、宾语、定语等;另一方面又起连词的作用。这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。(关于疑问代词,见4.18)

关系代词概说

关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which等,用来引导定语从句。它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语或表语;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫做先行词)。如:

The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科大夫。(关系代词who在从句中用作土语,它的先行词是man)

He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是comrade,whom在口语中一般可省去)

The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.儿子在海军的那位老人过去是个木匠。

(关系代词whose在从句中用作定语,先行词为man)

The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.我昨晚看的那部电影说的是一个年轻教师的事。(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语,先行词为film, which在口语中可省略)

This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。(关系代词that在从句中用作主语,先行词为plane)

不定代词概说

不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词有:

some 一些(可数或不可数)

somebody 某人

someone 某人

something某物,某事

any一些,任何(可数或不可数)

anybody任何人

anyone任何人

anything任何事物

no 无(可数或不可数)

nobody无人

no one无一人

nothing无物

all全体,全部

both两个

neither没有人或物(指两个当中)

none没有人或物(指两个以上)

either任何一个(指两个当中)

each每个

every每个

everybody每人,大家,人人

everyone每人

everything每一个事物,一切

other (s)另一个(些)

another另外一个,又一个

much很多(不可数)

many很多(可数)

few很少(可数)

a few一些,几个(可数)

little很少(不可数)

a little一些(不可数)

one一个(人或物)

不定代词的用法

不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如:

1)用作主语

Both of them are waiters.他们俩人都是男侍者。

Is everybody here?人都到了吗?

2)用作宾语

I know little about the novel关于这本小说我知道的很少。

I am speaking for myself,not for others.我只代表自己,不代表别人发言。

I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我对于这位老人告诉我的一切都感兴趣。

3)用作表语

That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就讲这一些。现在下课。

This book is too much for me.这本书对我说太难了。

4)用作定语

Study well and make progress every day.好好学习,天天向上。

He has some English books.他有一些英文书。

china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.再过二十年中国将成为现代化强国。

[注]有些不定代词也可用作同位语和状语。如:

Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李两人都有很大进步。(同位语)

They all went to the Zoo.他们都去动物园了。(同位语)

Are you any good at mathematics?你数学好吗?(状语)

The meeting lasted some two hours.会议进行了两个小时左右。(状语)

复合不定代词

由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。

1)复合不定代词有

a) somebody 某人 someone某人

something某物,某事

b) anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人

anything任何事物

c) nobody 无一人no one无一人

nothing [5nQWiN]无一物

d)everybody,everyone每人,大家,人人

everything每一个事物,一切

2)复合不定代词的用法

a)复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。如:

Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)

I have got nothing to say.我没有什么话要说。(作宾语)

something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:

Have you anything to say about this question? -No, I haven't anything to say. (或I have nothing to say.)(或Yes, I have something to say.) 关于这个问题,你有什么话要讲吗?--我没有什么话要讲。(我有话要说。)

She told them something about her work.她跟他们谈了一些关于她的工作上的事。(作宾语)

b)复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时,形容词须放在它们的后面。如:

There is nothing wrong with the lathe.这个车床没有毛病。

is there anything important in today's newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?

I need somebody strong to help me.我需要一个体格强壮的人帮助我。

非谓语动词之分词

名称

语态

结构形式

时间概念及主被动关系

举例

现 在 分 词

一般式

主动

(not)doing

与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作

Singing a song, he was watching TV.

被动

(not) being done

与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作

Being punished, he is crying.

完成式

主动

(not)having done

发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作

Having finished the course, we had

an exam.

被动

(not) having been done

发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作

Having been warned several times,

they became more careful in doing

the job.

过去分词

(not)done

1. 可以只表一个被动的动作;

2. 可以只表一个完成的动作(即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作);

3. 可以同时既表被动又表完成的动作(即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作);

1. Seen from the hill,the town looks

nice.(只表被动)

2. The fallen leaves are yellow.

(只表完成)

3. The returned books looks new.(既

表被动又表完成)

篇4:高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案

动词概说

1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。

a)表示动作:swim游泳push推

b)表示状态:have有be是

2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。

限定动词和非限定动词

从是否被主语所限定来分,动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。

1)限定动词 限定动词用作句子的谓语动词,并被主语所限定,有人称和数的变化。如:

He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。

Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。

We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。

2)非限定动词 非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词,故不被主语所限定,没有人称和数的变化。如:

I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)

Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)

I heard them singing the Internationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词)

Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词)

实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词

从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(1ink verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。

1)实义动词 实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:

The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。

He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。

We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。

2)连系动词 连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如:

It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。

It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。

The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。

Keep quiet,please!请安静!,

The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。

Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。

The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。

[注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如:

The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。

Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。

[注二]有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如:

The new text seens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易,其实相当难。

She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。

3)情态动词 情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等及其过去式could,might等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

[注]关于情态动词详见第十一章。

4)助动词 助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。

及物动词和不及物动词

从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:

I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”

Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。

Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:

Birds fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。

My watch stopped.我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)

b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:

Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。

Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。

短语动词

动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。

1)动词 + 介词 这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:

The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。

Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗?

Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!

We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。

这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。

2) 动词+副词 这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如:

I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)

Look out,there's a car coming! 当心,来汽车了!(不及物)

Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物)

Please don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)

这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如 put out (扑灭), eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。

[注一] “动词+副词”这类短语动词和上面第一类“动词 + 介词”的不同之处在于:“动词+ 介词”用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。“动词 + 副词”则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:

Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。

If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。

She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。

[注二] 这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如:

He took off his hat when he entered the office.

他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)

The plane took off at seven sharp.

飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)

Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.

查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)

If you can't come,please ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)

3) 动词 + 副词 + 介词 短语动词“动词 + 副词”之后有的可以再加一个介词,形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如:

Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment

不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续)

He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)

这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。

4)动词 + 名词 + 介词 这类短语动词也是及物的。如

He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。

Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。

Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。

Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。

这一类短语动词还有:put an end to (结束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lose sight of(看不见),make use of(利用)等

动词的基本形式(principal forms of the verb)

1) 英语动词的四种基本形式 它们是动词原形(room form of the verb),过去式 (past tense form), 过去分词 (past participle)和现在分词 (present participle)。这四种形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态、语态和语气。

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词

work worked worked working

write wrote written writing

have had had having

do did done doing

2) 动词原形 动词原形就是词典中一般给的动词的形式,如be,have,do,work,study等。

3)动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词,由在原形后面加词尾-ed构成。

[注] 少数双音节动词,尽管重音在第一个音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ed。如:

5travel-traveled 5level-1evelled

5total-totaled 5model- modelled

但美国英语不双写辅音字母,如travel-traveled。

不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的。这些动词为数虽不多,但都是比较常用的,必须熟记。不规则动词表见本书附录一。

4)动词的现在分词 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。

其构成方法如下:

a)一般情况下,直接加 -ing:

go-going 去 stand-standing站立

ask-asking answer - answering回答

study-studying学习be-being是

see-seeing看

[注一] 和名词复数、动词第三人称现在一般时加-s(-es)不同,动词末尾如为“辅音字母 + y”时,y不变,其后直接加-ing。如studying [5stQdiiN],fly - flying [5flaiiN],carry-carrying [5kAriiN]。

[注二] 动词结尾为辅音字母r时,加-ing,r在此必须发音。如:

enter [5entE] -entering [5entEriN]进入

answer [5B:nsE]-answering[5B:nsEriN]回答

wear [wZE] - wearing [5wZeriN]穿

b)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing。如:

come-coming 来 write-writing写

take-taking拿 become-becoming变成

c)动词是闭音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,然后再加-ing。如:

Sit-sitting坐 run-running跑

Stop-stopping 停止begin-beginning开始

admit-admitting 承认 forget-forgetting忘记

[注一] send,think,accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾,但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母,因此,这个辅音字母不双写,应直接加 -ing。如:sending,thinking,accepting。

[注二] 少数双音节的动词,重音在第一音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ing。如:

5travel-traveling 5level-levelling

5total-totaling 5model-modelling

美国英语不双写辅音字母,如travel-traveling。

d)少数几个以-ie止结尾的动词,须将ie变作y,再加ing。如:

die-dying死, tie-tying捆,缚,系

lie-lying躺,说谎

[注]少数以-c结尾的动词变为过去式和现在分词时,须先将-c变为ck,然后再加 -ed或-ing。如:

picnic picnicked picnicking

traffic trafficked trafficking

篇5:高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.

After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didn’t understand 20____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21______ the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作者为我们讲述了一家人去迈阿密旅游时的一次经历。[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人经历。讲述了作者的一次旅游经历。虽然预订房间出现了差错,但问题得到了很好的解决,作者感到很满意。

16.【考点】本题考查替代。【答案】it【解析】本空用it代替前面出现的迈阿密。

17.【考点】本题考查副词比较级。【答案】earlier【解析】解此题关键在于本句中的had made可知,作者在到达迈阿密之前就提前六个月预定了房间。本句暗含比较,意思是“早在六个月前”。

18.【考点】本题考查时态和被动语态。【答案】were told【解析】事情在过去发生,所以用一般过去时。我们应该是由旅馆那边告知,所以使用被动语态;因为叙述的是过去发生的事情,we与tell之间是被动关系,所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态。

19.【考点】本题考查副词。【答案】but【解析】这是考虑not…but…结构,意为“不是为那个星期订的,而是为后一个星期所订的”。not…but…不是……而是……。此处表示句意的转折。

20.【考点】本题考查连词。【答案】how【解析】意为“我不知道怎么会发生这样的事”,故用how。考查宾语从句的连接词。我不理解为什么会发生这样的事。/我不理解这样的事是如何发生的。

21.【考点】本题考查与动词搭配的介词。【答案】for【解析】因charge…for…意为“收费”,charge…for…为……收(费)。是习惯搭配。

22.【考点】本题考查副词用法。【答案】surprisingly【解析】解此题关键在于本空后的helpful是一个形容词,修饰形容词应该用副词。

23.【考点】本题考查冠词。【答案】the【解析】这里是特指顶层,所以用定冠词。the top floor顶层。

24.【考点】本题考查定语从句。【答案】where【解析】本句中含有定语从句,先行词是beach,where=on which=and on the beach=and there引导定语从句,修饰先行词the beach。因为先行词是地点名词,关系词在定语从句中作状语,所以填where。

25.【考点】本题考查被动语态。【答案】sunburnt/sunburned【解析】get后接过去分词表被动。此处意为“被晒伤”。get sunburnt/sunburned晒伤。

篇6:高考英语语法填空副词知识点与练习题

什么是副词

副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:often往往,here这里,very很,quickly很快地。

副词的构成

1)本身就是副词,如now现在,there那里,rather颇。

2)由形容词加词尾-1y变来,如firmly坚决地,happi1y幸福地。

3)与形容词同形

early adj. 早的 early adv. 早

high adj. 高的 high adv. 高高地

long adj. 长的,长久的long adv. 长久地

副词的种类

副词可分为下列几种:

1)普通副词(ordinary adverb)如:together一起,well好,seriously认真地,slowly慢,carefully小心地。

2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如:when何时,where何地,how如何,why为何。

3)关系副词(relative adverb)如:where,when。

4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如:then然后,so所以,there{ore所以,however然而,hence所以,thus这样,nevertheless然而,otherwise否则,still可是,仍然。

副词的用法

副词在句中可用作:

1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)

It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语,修饰动词is raining。)

Don't drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词,作状语,修饰动词drive,副词too又修饰副词fast。)

He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks,quite又修饰副词well。)

This is a fairly useful tool,这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)

He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped)

She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词,修饰动词went。)

Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词,用以修饰全句。)

2)表语

Is he up?他起床了没有?

She is out.她出去了。

3)定语

Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)

副词的位置

1)修饰动词时,有三种位置。

2)修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前。如:

It is a rather difficult job,这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词difficult)

He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast)

3)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如:

The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。

On my way home,I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。

副词的比较等级

和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most。另外,须注意下面例词中well,badly的不规则变化。如:

原级比较级 最高级

hard 努力地harderhardest

fast 快faster fastest

well 好better best

badly 坏 worseworst

early 早 earlier earliest

quickly 快 more quicklymost quickly

happily 快乐地 more happily most happily

副词比较等级的用法

1)副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似。如:

David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。

She plays table tennis better than I.她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略了play table tennis)

Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。

They speak less fluently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如我们流利,但比我们正确。

2)副词最高级用法,除副词前可以不用the外(用the也可以),其余与形容词最高级相同。如:

I work fastest when I'm under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。

He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。

比较等级的一些特殊用法

两种不同形式

有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式,而且意义也不同。

举例说明:

1)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world. 罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。

Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女儿是个教员。

My elder brother is in college. He is two years older than I. 我哥哥在上大学,他比我大两岁。

[注]older,oldest说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远,但在美国英语里也表示长幼。

2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。

Twenty years later he returned to his home village. 二十年后,他回到自己的家乡。

3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?

What is the latest news about the sports meet?关于运动会最近有什么消息?

as...as;not so. . .as或not as...as

1)表示“相等”用as...as。

2)表示“不相等”用not so...as或not as...as。如:

1)This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。

Bill is as tall as I. 比尔和我一般高。

Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one?这袋大豆跟那袋一样重吗?

You know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。

[注]注意as后面的形容词如作定语,而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时,冠词a须放在形容词之后,如German is as difficult a language as English.(德语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于so,如I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)

2)tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。

The Atlantic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。

表示“几倍于”

用twice (两倍),three times(三倍)等加as...as..

如:

New York is ten times as big as my home town.纽约有我的家乡十个大。

The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。

This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

[注]表示“几倍于”也可以用下面的说法,如:

Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。

He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。

This lake is four times the size of that one.这个湖有那个湖四个大。

The irrigated area in this province is four times bigger than in l978.这个省的灌溉面积比1978年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)

Our county's agricultural output this year is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。

表示程度

可用much,far,still,even,a 1itt1e,no,any,a great deal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:

The Yellow River is long,but the Changjiang River is even longer.黄河长,长江更长。

We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。

She sings far better than the others.她唱得比别人好得多。

Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang. 王比张高,李比王还高。

[注一]注意下面的一些说法。如:

I couldn't move a step further,我连一步也走不动了。

The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。

He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说He is taller than me by a head.)

They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes.他们比我们早二十分钟到达那里。

The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since l978.

这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。

Do you want any more? -Yes,give me two more.

你还要吗?一是的,再给我两个。

Have you any more tickets? -Sorry,I have no more.

你还有票吗? -对不起,没有了。

[注二]可用形容词最高级 + possible或imaginable等词来强调语气。如:

I think he is the best possible man for the job.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说the best man possible)

Swimming in winter is the best form of exercise imaginable.冬泳是最好的运动方式。(也可以说the best imaginable form)

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