万圣节的文化背景知识

“中庭月色”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇万圣节的文化背景知识，以下是小编整理后的万圣节的文化背景知识，欢迎阅读分享。

篇1：万圣节的文化背景知识

万圣节背景知识

万圣节溯源：

关于万圣节由来的，传说最多的版本认为，那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家，主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士。这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特的新年在11月1日，新年前夜，德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队，戴着各种怪异面具，拎着刻好的萝卜灯(南瓜灯系后期习俗，古西欧最早没有南瓜)，他们游走于村落间。

这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典;也有说是“鬼节”，传说当年死去的人，灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世，据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火，一来为了吓走鬼魂，同时也为鬼魂照亮路线，引导其回归。在中世纪的中欧，曾有过_摧毁异教徒的历史。可是新年夜前的祭祀庆典从未真正消除，不过以巫术的形式出现。这也就是为什么人们现在的万圣节里，还留有巫婆的扫帚、黑猫、咒语等痕迹。

万圣节发展：

万圣节流传到今天已经完全没有了宗教迷信色彩，它成了一个孩子们的节目，也是年轻人化装舞会的节目。公共场合以及居家周围的节日布置都是自愿的。鬼脸南瓜灯、白网黑蜘蛛等，都是节日的装点，已没有骇人之鬼魅色彩。有的女学生还在这时候会买一对南瓜或者鬼骷髅的耳环来佩带。

学校在万圣节是不放假的。有时学校出面组织晚会，有时不甘寂寞的学生们也会自己主办小型晚会;而朋友、家人间互寄贺卡祝万圣节快乐则成为每年十月间流行的习俗。万圣节已成为西方人一个很普通的季节性节日。有很多人将此看作秋的结束以及冬的到来。万圣节一过，人们就开始期盼感恩节、圣诞节乃至新年。

万圣节的由来

万圣节是西洋鬼节，对国外来说万圣节就像我们的中元节，这一天他们会把自己打扮的鬼模鬼样，到处举办狂欢派对。

“万圣节”这个字，起源自天主教教会。每年的11月1日，是天主教庆祝诸圣的节日AllHallowsDay或AllSaint'sDay。

而在万圣节前夕，每年十月三十一日的前夕是塞尔特族人的年度丰收祭典，象征着一年的结束，以及新一年的开始。

当时二千多年前的塞尔特族人(即目前的苏格兰人、爱尔兰人等)一年之中最害怕的日子莫过于十月三十一日的晚上，他们相信世人的生活是由神明所主宰的，而死亡之神Samhain在会在每年10月31日的夜晚会和逝者一起重返人间。

所以每年的这一天是塞尔特族人表达他们对太阳神的敬意，因为太阳神让他们的谷物丰收，以应付即将到来的冬天!可是在这一个夜晚也是恶灵力量最强大的一天，传说中，每年到了这一天，所有时空的法则都会失效，使得阴阳两界合而为一。因此，这是游魂出没找替死鬼的唯一机会。在10月31日晚上惊骇的时刻，活着的塞尔特人会为了躲避灵魂的搜索，在这天晚会上把家里的炉火灭了，营造出一个寒冷阴森的环境，并刻意用动物的头或皮毛做成的服饰打扮自己成鬼怪的模样，口中发出可怕的声音，企图吓走灵魂也让灵魂分不清谁是活的人，而不能够找到替身;过了这个晚上，第二天就是万圣节，一切也就回复平静了。

万圣节的意义是什么

每年的10月31日乃是西方的传统节日，万圣节(Halloween)。“万圣节”又称“鬼节”。它是西方历史悠久的节日之一。据说，早在公元前，住在英伦三岛、爱尔兰、法国一带的凯尔特人每逢10月31日都要为残废和黑暗之神举行庆祝活动。这一天晚上，他们预备了许多美味佳肴，让善良的鬼来吃，还有旷野的山丘上燃起篝火，让明亮的火焰招来善鬼，驱走恶魔。这可能是鬼节的最早形式了。后来，“鬼节”又与_相结合，成为圣徒们的一个传统节日，并改称为“万圣节”，时间定于每年的11月1日。以后，这一节日逐渐从欧洲传入北美及世界其他一些地区。

篇2：英美文化背景知识

英美文化背景知识汇总

In Britain all children have to go to school between the ages of 5 and 16. In the US children must go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in.

Subject In England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the National Curriculum(课程), which was introduced in 1988 and sets out(制定) in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievement they should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16, when they are tested.

The National Curriculum does not apply in Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach. In the US the subjects taught are decided by national and local governments. Whereas British schools usually have prayers(祈祷) and religious(宗教的) instruction, American schools are not allowed to include prayers or to teach particular religious beliefs(信仰).

Examinations At 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE examinations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in any of a range of subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment(评价) of work done during the two year course, or both of these things. At 18 some students taken A-level examinations, usually in not more than 3 subjects. It is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or polytechnic(综合技术大学).

In Scotland students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate(证书) of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different to that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three and students study a larger number of subjects as part of their degree.

In the US school examinations are not as important as they are in Britain. Students in High Schools do have exams at the end of their last two years, but these final exams are considered along with the work that the students have done during the school years. Social Events and Ceremonies(仪式) In American high schools there is a formal ceremony for Graduation (=completion of high school). Students wear a special cap and gown and receive a diploma(文凭) from the head of the school. Students often buy a class ring to ear, and a yearbook, containing pictures of their friends and teachers. There are also special social events at American schools.

Sports events are popular, and cheer leaders lead the school in supporting the school team and singing the school song. At the end of their junior year, at age 17 or 18, students held in the evening. The girls wear long evening dresses and the boys wear TUXEDOS. In Britain, there are no formal dances or social occasions(场合) associated(和...有关) with school life. Some schools have SPEECH DAY at the end of the school year when prizes are given to the best students and speeches are made by the head teacher and sometimes an invited guest. However, in many British schools students and teachers organize(组织) informal dances for the older students.

Government in Britain and the US

Government in Britain National government The center of government in Britain is PARLIAMENT(国会), which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation(犯罪), etc.

Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch(贵族). The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself is used to mean Parliament. The House of commons (or the Commons) is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a particular area or constituency. The House of Lords (the Lords) is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord or Viscount(子爵) which have been passed down to them on the death of their father (hereditary peers(世袭贵族)); people who are given titles as a reward for their long service in public life, but whose children do not INHERIT(继承) their title (life peers); and some important leaders of the Church of England (Archbishops(大主教) and Bishops(主教)).

The government brings BILL (=suggested laws) to the House of Commons, which are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be discussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it (=refuse permission for it to be passed). When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of Parliament At present England, Scotland, Wales, and N Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster.

In N Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of discussion about whether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in Wales Local government Local government is Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws (bylaws) which only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.

Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, school, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting this tax. Local councils(议会) are elected by people within each town, city, or country area.

The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues(问题) rather than the national policies of their party. Government in the US All levels of government in the US (federal(联邦), state, and local) are elected by the people of the country. Federal government The constitution of the US specifically limits the power of the federal (=national) government mainly to defence(国防), foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is make up of the CONGRESS(国会), the President, and the Supreme Count(最高法院). Congress Congress, the central law-making body in the US, is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen/Congresswomen elected by their state. The member of Representative(代表) for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate is the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators(参议院), elected by their state. Each state has two Senators. Congress decides whether a BILL (suggested law) becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representative both agree to a bill, the President is asked to agree. The President can veto(=say no to) the bill(议案), but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.

state government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution(宪法) (set of fixed law), and among the state there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health, and education. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor. Each state also has one or two elected lawmaking bodies (state Legislature) whose members represent the various parts of the state.

Local government concerns laws made at the town, city or county level. These laws are usually limited to a small area and concern such thing as traffic, where and when alcoholic drinks can be sold, or keeping animals. The highest elected official of a town or city Council. Every law at every level of government must be in agreement with(一致) the United States constitution. Any citizen who thinks he or she has not been given their rights under the law may argue their case through all the courts up to the Supreme Court (the final Court of Appeal in the US) if necessary, and any law which is found not in agreement with the constitution (unconstitutional) cannot be kept in force.

篇3：高级英语中的文化背景知识

高级英语中的文化背景知识

高级英语是英语专业高年级阶段的一门主干课程.高级英语教学中应该重视文化背景知识,找准文化切入点,将文化教学和课文教学相结合.

作 者：潘惠  作者单位：温州医学院,外语系,浙江,温州,325000 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)： “”(11) 分类号：H3 关键词：高级英语   文化背景知识   文化切入点  

篇4：考研英语翻译之缺乏文化背景知识

翻译是一项复杂而艰巨的脑力活动，涉及文化、知识、思维、表达和经验等多个层面。它不仅要求译者拥有丰富的知识储备、熟悉英汉两种语言的差异、具备完善的表达技巧和长期的翻译实践，而且要求译者拥有善变的能力。译者既不能脱离原材料，但又不能局限于原材料;既能进行英语思维，又能运用汉语思维;表达既要忠实于英文，又要符合汉语习惯;译文既能传形，又能传神。所以，对于任何译者而言，英译汉时，只能做到更好，绝对不能做到最好;只能尽量避免错误，绝对不可能不犯错误。而考研翻译，要求考生在有限的时间里读懂一篇400词左右的文章，并将其中5个划线部分共计约 150词的英文译成汉语，还要求译文准确、完整、通顺，这对参考的多数并未进行过专业翻译训练的考生而言，实在不是一件易事，出现错误更是在所难免了。

由于各位考生自身素质参差不齐，考研翻译中的错误也可谓千奇百怪、错综复杂，从思维到表达、从句意到词意，各种错误真是应有尽有，难以一一陈述。误译，主要是由于译者没有理解英语原文的真实意义，不能根据上下文正确推断词语的含义造成的。归纳起来看，考生的误译主要源于以下几个方面：缺乏文化背景知识，不懂句子结构，误解逻辑关系和词不达意，等等。

篇5：考研英语翻译之缺乏文化背景知识

语言与文化是密不可分的孪生体，没有不受文化影响的语言，也没有不用语言传播的`文化。无论是在英译汉还是汉译英的实践中，无论是在日常交往还是正式场合，由于缺乏对英美文化的了解而造成的误译比比皆是，常常会闹出笑话，甚至因此造成一些不必要的矛盾和损失。比如：

【例1】 Television has changed the importance of issues. It can be argued that since the 1960 presidential debates we have elected people， not platforms.

【译文】电视已经改变了政治见解的重要性。可以证明，自从1960年以来的总统选举中，我们选择的是人，而不是政治纲领。

【分析】Platform一词的原意是“讲台、讲坛”，但经常被引申用来指美国各党的“竞选纲领”，这是因为在美国总统大选期间，代表美国两大党派竞选的候选人都要在讲坛上阐述各党的竞选纲领。如果将这里的platform简单地译为“讲台”，就会产生误译，表明对美国大选缺乏一定的了解。

【例2】 The blue chip Dow Jones Industrial Average， too， although down 12% form its all time high， was broadly back to its November value.

【译文】汇集绩优股的道琼斯工业指数虽然从历史高点下跌了12%，也大幅回升到了去年11月份的价位。

【分析】原文中的blue chip字面意思是“蓝色的筹码”，源自扑克牌游戏;在证券市场上，它是指股市中那些业绩优良的绩优股，比如IBM、GM等在股市上表现良好的上市企业，他们的股票通常都是投资者所青睐的。尽管可以按照字面意思直译成“蓝筹股”，但意译成“绩优股”意义更为明显。

【例3】 Suddenly， being wined and dined was considered insulting， part of the male conspiracy to keep us （female） in our places， so we got out our chequebooks and went Dutch.

【译文】突然间，让男人请去饮酒进餐被认为是一种侮辱，认为这是男人们让我们安分守己的阴谋，所以我们拿出自己的支票簿，各付各的账。

【分析】go Dutch是指美国社会中的一种付账现象，也就是在越来越多的社交活动中，人们在付账的时候通常采用各自付账（AA制）的形式。这主要是受妇女解放运动影响而形成的一种社会文化现象：越来越多的女性追求独立，不再依赖男性付账，而采取各种付账的形式。

所以，了解英美语言国家的文化，是一个英汉翻译者的必修课。对于考研的学生来说，出国体验这种文化是不现实的，但不能因此就因噎废食，相反，要从实际出发，利用各种现实途径，通过报纸、网络、书刊杂志来积极了解英美文化，在努力实现考研奋斗目标的同时，切实提高自己的翻译、表达和跨文化交往的能力。

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篇6：英语教学中如何加强文化背景知识的传授

英语教学中如何加强文化背景知识的传授

[作者]  丁严

[内容]

一、必须加强文化背景知识的传授

语言是一种特殊的社会文化现象，它是人们在长期的社会生活实践中约定俗

成的。每一种语言都是在特定 的社会历史环境中产生和发展起来的，因此，每

一种语言都反映出使用该语言的国家和民族在不同的社会历史 时期所特有的文

化现象。例如：英语中的“Ladies first,Thanksgiving,Homecoming,Girls

LeagueDance,san dwich”等等；汉语中的.“少先队、黑五类、臭老九、一国两

制、跃上新台阶”等等，这些都是在特定的社会历 史环境中产生的。如果把汉

语中的“少先队、警察叔叔、月饼”译成英语就是：“Young Pioneer,Uncle Poli

ceman,mooncake”。这些词都很简单、常见，可是外国人却很难懂，因为他们不

了解有关的文化背景。同样， 我们学习英语也会遇到类似的问题。例如：“You

are,indeed,a lucky dog”这句话，如果按字面翻译成汉语 就是：“你真是一

条幸运的狗。”这在汉语中完全是一句骂人的话。“狗”一词，在中国人看来是

贬义的，如 我们常说“走狗”，“癞皮狗”，“狗崽子”，“狗头军师”等等，

用来描绘所厌恶的人。可是，在英语中这 句话是说，”你真是个幸运儿。“”狗“

在这儿用来指人不但没有骂人的意思，而且还表示一种亲昵的关系。 在美国

”狗“是家庭成员。人们认为它往往含有褒情善意。因此，同一个词在不同的文

化背景中意义不同。我 们要想掌握和运用一种语言，就必须了解产生这种语言

的社会，学习这个社会的文化。否则，就无法正确理解 和运用这种语言。

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

篇7：万圣节英语知识

Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.

万圣节前夜是在10月31日庆祝的一个节日，根据传统，万圣节前夜的庆祝活动从太阳落山开始。在很久以前，人们相信在万圣节前夜女巫会聚集在一起，鬼魂在四处游荡。现在，大多数人们不再相信有鬼魂和女巫的存在了，但是他们仍然把这些作为万圣节前夜的一部分。

The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o’-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.

黑色和橙色仍然是万圣节前夜的一部分，黑色是夜晚的象征，而橙色代表着南瓜。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的，带来一个毛骨悚然的灼热面孔。

Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.

盛装是欢迎的万圣节风俗之一，尤其是受孩子们的欢迎。按照传统习俗，人们会盛装(穿戴一些特殊的服饰，面具或者装饰)来吓跑鬼魂。

Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).

流行的万圣节服装包括vampires(吸血鬼)，ghosts(死者的灵魂)和werewolves(每当月圆时就变成狼形的人)。

Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they don't get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.

欺骗或攻击是现代万圣节的风俗。孩子们穿着特殊的衣服走街串巷，讨取糖果和玩具之类的赏赐。如果他们得不到任何的赏赐，就可能会对屋主大搞恶作剧或者胡闹了。

The tradition of the Jack o' Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o' Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.

南瓜灯的传统来自于一个民间传说。一个名叫Jack的人戏弄了恶魔，之后就不得不提着一盏灯在地球上流浪。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的。

There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!

和万圣节有关的迷信还有很多。迷信是一种不合常理的想法，比如认为13是不吉利的数字!

Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They don't really exist... or do they?

万圣节还和一些诸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之类的超自然的生物有关。这些生物不是自然界的一部分。他们实际上是不存在的......或许他们其实真的存在?

Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.

女巫是万圣节很受欢迎的人物，人们认为她们具有强大的魔力。他们通常戴着尖顶的帽子，骑在扫把上飞来飞去。

Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.

恶兆也是万圣节庆祝活动的一部分。人们相信恶兆会带给坏运气，黑猫、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是恶兆。

万圣节常见“人物”的英语表达

skeleton 骷髅头

clown 小丑

fairy 小仙女

princess 公主

prince 公子

ghost 鬼

mummy 木乃伊

witch 巫婆

witch hat 巫婆帽

broom扫帚

bat 蝙蝠

goblin 小妖精，很丑的那种

monster 怪物

vampire 吸血鬼

zombie 僵尸

Frankenstein 科学怪人

万圣节不得不知的短语

1.Knock knock,trick or treat!

开门开门，不给糖就捣蛋!

2.Oh, you scared me.

哦，你吓了我一跳。

3.What areyou afraid of?

你怕什么呢?

4.Do yo want to go to masquerade parties?

你想去参加化装舞会吗?

5.Children would make Halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-paper jack-o-lanterns。

孩子们会制作万圣节的装饰品：各种各样桔黄 色的南瓜灯。

6.Let's carved a mask together.

我们做个面具吧!

7.Few holidays tap into the American psyche so close- ly as Halloween.

与美国人心理最接近的节日莫过于万圣节前夜。

8.Let's carved a pumpkin together.

我们做个南瓜灯吧!

地道英语表达之万圣节习俗

A no-pressure holiday | 没压力的节日

Halloween is a fun holiday for both kids and adults: 万圣节对孩子、大人来说，都很好玩儿

It's not so serious or sacred: 不是那么严肃、神圣

It's a no-pressure holiday: 是个没有压力的节日

Think of it as a big party: 基本上就是一个大派对

Costume categories | 装扮流派

Different costume categories: 道具服、装扮的几个大类

Boys often dress up as superheroes:小男孩儿最爱超级英雄，如超人、蜘蛛侠

Or monsters, goblins, ghouls: 或者打扮成小魔鬼、小怪兽

Little girls often dress up as princesses or witches: 小女孩儿最喜欢打扮成小公主或者小女巫

You can either go for the dark side or the bright side: 装扮可以选择黑暗形象或者正面形象

Creative, funny, topical | 创意、搞笑、热点

For adults, dressing up as superheros or monsters is too old, been there, done that: 对大人来说，打扮成超级英雄、或者鬼怪已经没有创意了

Tons of people will dress up as Trump and Hillary this year: 今年，当然最流行打扮成特朗普、希拉里 (特别是大人打扮，会走这种路线)

You can go for the creative and surprise factor: 可以走创意、意想不到的路线

People in the news are often inspiration for costumes: 新闻人物通常是很多人的灵感来源

There’s also a lot of crossdressing: 也可以男扮女装、女扮男装

For example, women dress up as Trump, men dress up as Hillary: 比如女的打扮成特朗普、男的打扮成希拉里

Trick or Treat | 万圣节讨糖

Kids love trick-or-treating: 小朋友最喜欢“不给糖，就捣蛋”了

Kids dress up in a costume and knock on neighbor’s doors: 穿上万圣节道具服，挨家挨户敲门讨糖

Kids will say “Trick or treat!” to ask for candy: 小朋友会大声说“Trick or Treat!”

A treat is a candy: “treat“这里指的就是糖果

If you don’t give out candy, kids might play a trick on you: 如果你不给糖，小朋友也许会搞个恶作剧

融入北美社区，准备好糖果、积极参与万圣节

Fitting in: get your candy ready, have fun on Halloween!

万圣节家家户户都会准备好糖果，等待小朋友敲门。

如果你没有准备糖果，小朋友们会很失望，其他邻居也会觉得你不合群。

Why trick or treat? 为什么要讨糖?

Halloween is very commercialized：万圣节是非常商业化的节日

Candy manufacturers make so much money on Halloween. They put a lot of marketing dollar behind it: 讨糖就是糖果、巧克力生产商想出来的点子，每年万圣节都会投入大笔市场费用、然后大赚一笔

Costume manufacturers too: 道具服商家也一样

Fun with pumpkins | 南瓜新玩法

Jack-o-lantern: 万圣节南瓜灯

Pick pumpkins in a pumpkin patch: 去南瓜地买南瓜

Carve them into jack-o’-lanterns: 雕刻成南瓜灯

It’s just a fun tradition: 很好玩儿的传统

Trump and Hillary jack-o-lanterns: 特朗普、希拉里南瓜灯

够胆量?去鬼屋|Haunted house tours

Haunted house: 鬼屋，注意不叫 “ghost house”

If a ghost lives somewhere, that place is haunted: haunted的意思就是闹鬼的

I went to New Orleans one year during Halloween, and they claimed to be the most haunted city in America: 有一年万圣节我正好在新奥尔良，那里号称是美国最诡异的城市

Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗?

Perhaps ghosts exist in a different dimension: 也许它们生存在另一个维度

Halloween in China | 万圣节在中国

Halloween wasn’t celebrated at all in China a few year ago: 前几年在中国，没人过万圣节

But now in Shanghai, Halloween is everywhere: 但现在在上海，万圣节也随处可见

Even convenience stores sell Halloween-themed items: 便利店都有万圣节的东西

Lots of preschools will throw parties for the kids: 很多幼儿园还有万圣节活动

It's all commercialized: 都是商业化的套路

篇8：万圣节英语知识

1. 想要糖果?先跳段舞吧!

Originally, you had to dance for your “treat”.

现在的万圣节，小盆友们一句“不招待就使坏(trick or treat)” 便能欢脱地搞来一堆糖果。不过，这个游戏最早可不是这么玩哒!欧洲的小伙伴们曾经不仅要穿戴打扮好，还要精心准备歌舞表演，这才能换来别人家的美味。另有相传“不招待就使坏”曾经跟乞讨木有差，穷人家的孩子挨家挨户乞讨要钱，结果土豪熊孩子也跟着来捣乱了……

Most experts trace trick-or-treating to the European practice of “mumming”, or“guysing”, in which costume-wearing participants would go door-to-doorperforming choreographed dances, songs and plays in exchange for treats. Insome early versions of trick-or-treating, men paraded door-to-door, and boysoften followed, begging for coins. Most of these early trick-or-treaters werepoor and actually needed the money, but wealthy children also joined in thefun.

2. 万圣节起源于爱尔兰

Halloween is more Irish than St. Patrick's Day.

万圣节起源于凯尔特人的“萨温节”。每到这一天，凯尔特人会穿上特别的服装并在自家门口摆放祭品来抚慰游荡的鬼魂。虽然这个习俗形成前，并非只有爱尔兰有凯尔特人居住。但南瓜灯确实是爱尔兰的凯尔特人发明的。后来，万圣节的模式被基 督教传教士发扬光大，逐渐成形。这样说来，万圣节可要比后来演变成爱尔兰国庆节的圣帕特里克节还要本土接地气呢!因为就连圣帕特里克本人也不能完全算是爱尔兰人。

Halloween's origins come from a Celtic festival for the dead called “Samhain”.Celts believed the ghosts of the dead roamed Earth on this holiday, so peoplewould dress in costumes and leave ”treats“ out on their front doorsto appease the roaming spirits. Granted, the Celts were not solely based inIreland when these customs started taking shape around the first century B.C.,but as will be talked about more in a later section, the Irish Celts were theones who invented the jack-o'-lantern. This Halloween prototype was eventuallydisrupted and adapted by Christian missionaries into celebrations closer towhat we celebrate today, including partly by the not-Irish St. Patrick, whosework was later mostly recognized by Americans.

3. 古代有逼 格的万圣节，动物的头和毛皮是理想装备

If you'd been around for the earliest Halloween celebrations, you might haveworn animal skins and heads.

根据古罗马文献记载，曾经在现在德国与法国一代生存过的部落，会穿戴动物的头和毛皮与逝者的灵魂来个深度交流，这种习俗一直延续到“萨温节”——美国万圣节的前身。

According to ancient Roman records, tribes located in today's Germany andFrance traditionally wore costumes of animal heads and skins to connect tospirits of the dead. This tradition continued into modern day celebrations ofSamhain, the Celtic holiday that inspired Halloween in America.

4. 空心南瓜灯曾经不是南瓜做的

Jack-o'-lanterns were once made out of turnips, beets and potatoes -- notpumpkins.

南瓜灯来源于一个古老的爱尔兰民间故事——吝啬鬼杰克。杰克曾经巧妙地欺骗了魔鬼。所以当他死后，上帝不待见他，魔鬼也不能摄取他的灵魂，他只好端着灯笼，游走人间。根据这个传说，爱尔兰人在萝卜、甜菜头或土豆上刻上可怕的鬼脸来驱赶杰克或其他的鬼魂。

The jack-o'-lantern comes from an old Irish tale about a man named Stingy Jack.He once tricked the Devil. When Jack finally died, God decided he wasn't fitfor heaven, but the Devil had promised never to claim his soul for hell. SoJack was sent off to roam Earth with only a burning coal for light. He put thecoal into a turnip as a lantern, and Stingy Jack became ”Jack of theLantern“ or “Jack o' Lantern”. Based on this myth, the Irish carved scaryfaces into turnips, beets and potatoes to scare away Stingy Jack or any otherspirits of the night.

5. 万圣节曾是寻找灵魂伴侣的好日子

Halloween used to be a great day to find your soulmate.

发愁找不着对象的帅锅美女们，好消息来了!再也不用在情人节抱怨自己有多惨了，因为万圣节也是单身男女不能错过的好日子!在爱尔兰的部分地区，人们会在当天玩算命的游戏，测算自己的真命天子/天女。而如今在美国，一些青年男女还会沿袭传统，在这一天玩咬苹果的游戏。

In some parts of Ireland, people celebrated Halloween by playing romanticfortune-telling games. These games allegedly predicted who they'd marry, andwhen. Since Halloween, like Valentine's Day, was one of the main celebrationsof the year where young people could mingle with the opposite sex, it was alsoconsidered a good day to scope out a sweetheart. In America, young people,particularly girls, continued the old Irish tradition. Games, like bobbing forapples, tried to predict future romances.

6. 美国一些小镇，万圣节只是“卷心菜之夜”

In a few American towns, Halloween was originally referred to as ”CabbageNight.“

在苏格兰的算命游戏中，妹纸们会用卷心菜来预测未来夫婿。不过这款游戏到了美国之后就渐渐变味了，熊孩子们跳过算命的过程，直接把菜扔到邻居家里。当然，扔玉米和其他烂菜的也有……

This came from a Scottish fortune-telling game, where girls used cabbage stumpsto predict information about their future husbands. In the early Framingham,Massachusetts, teens skipped the fortune-telling and simply went aroundthrowing cabbage at their neighbors' houses. This was no isolated tradition: Inlate 19th century America, country boys reportedly rejoiced in throwing cabbage,corn and assorted rotten vegetables.

7. 黑色喵星人在万圣节受保护了

Some animal shelters won't allow the adoption of black cats around Halloweenfor fear they'll be sacrificed.

由于担心黑猫在万圣节会被当做祭品，国外的很多动物收容所在万圣节前都会拒绝人们来领养黑猫。不过最近，这种担忧已经逐渐减少了，一些收容所放宽了要求，甚至会在万圣节前后专门为黑猫找个温暖的家。

It's unclear whether black cats are actually sacrificed around Halloween, butvarious animal shelters refuse to let people adopt these cats in the lead-up tothe holiday because of superstition and the concern that the wrong people (whomight harm them) might adopt them.

This type of ban is starting to wane, however. When reached for comment, EmilyWeiss, vice president of Shelter Research and Development at the ASPCA, said,”Years ago, this used to be pretty common -- that shelters would not adoptout cats during Halloween for fear of something horrible happening to the cats,but we don't hear too much anymore. And many, many shelters are actually[holding] a special black cat promotion around the holiday.“

8. 研究发现万圣节培养了更多熊孩子

Studies have shown that Halloween actually makes kids act more evil.

让小孩纸穿上万圣节搞怪装组团去捣蛋，很可能会让他们淡化自己的责任。他们不会关心个人行为所带来的后果，以至于制造各种事端。如果缺乏监管，隐藏在万圣节糖衣下的熊孩子很可能会更加肆无忌惮。

Putting costume-wearing kids into groups and introducing a clear object ofdesire, such as candy, has been shown to lead to “deindividuation”. Thispsychological term explains what happens when a group of maturing young mindsbegins to care less about the consequences of their individual actions, leadingthem to do things that they might not do alone.

篇9：大学英语教学与文化背景知识的传授

大学英语教学与文化背景知识的传授

本文从语言和文化之间的.关系入手,探讨大学英语教学中的文化背景知识讲授的必要性和具体采用的方法,从而不断提高大学英语教学水平和学生的跨文化交际能力.

作 者：孙凌云 李振伟  作者单位：河南师范大学 刊 名：科技信息（学术版） 英文刊名：SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年，卷(期)： ”"(9) 分类号：H3 关键词：大学英语   语言   文化   背景知识  

篇10：个人简历的文化背景

个人简历的文化背景

一个人在生活当中的谈吐可以反映出这个人的文化背景，如某人时不时说一些和政府有关的东西，那人家还以为他家人就在政府工作。那我们要是在个人简历里也采用此类方式是不是能够让招聘单位也这么看待我们？如在简历里我说对每季度财务数据进行汇总和制作季度财务数据报表这两种表达效果是不是不同的？前一种让人感觉你好像在财务部门负责的工作还包括管理方面，要不怎么对数据进行汇总了？而后一种让人感觉你就是财务部门的普通人员，做报表这类工作的性质就是做事，而有一定头衔的人通常是负责管理的如汇总等。 我们不用在简历里捏造头衔去体现份量毕竟这不是真实的，可我们没有那样的头衔就无法展示我们的份量吗？我们可以通过一定的表述让人感觉到我们的份量。如上述例子将同样的工作采用不同的方式做介绍，如此流露出的东西也有了不小的区别。(本文由大学生个人简历网 小编写作，转载请注明)又如你不过是个普通的`销售员那你在介绍该工作时，可以加一些这样的内容：对销售数据进行分析从而寻找最佳的利润来源。招聘者看了这样的内容后觉得你在销售部门还是有些份量的，你可不是那种只负责卖东西的销售员，你还负责更高级别的工作那你的份量不就高了吗？ 也就是在介绍工作、学习或者某活动时我们看看能不能将体现份量的词语融合进去，比如汇总、管理、负责、带领等等，也可以给工作、学习、活动等增加新的内容，利用这些新内容来展示我们的份量。

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