人教版必修第三册Unit
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篇1：人教版必修第三册Unit5
二、教学方法教案
(一)主题任务(Core tasks)
本单元的练习中已经有不少的综合性的主题任务型教学活动，例如听力部分第4题、读后练习第2题、综合技能的阅读部分第5题、综合技能的写作训练题等等。教师可以根据教学的具体情况有重点地开展活动。
根据本单元的中心主题，还可以设计以下主题任务。
任务一：广告语(Slogan)设计比赛
活动时间：学完本单元之后
活动形式：个人活动，小组活动、全班活动
语言知识要求：不限
语言技能要求：说、写
活动步骤：
1．布置任务：教师选定一个宣传目标(如：学校、书、文具、商业大楼、公司、衣服、日用品、电脑、汽车、手机等)，最好是每个同学都很熟悉的主题，要求每个人为这个宣传目标设计英语广告语，具体要求是：1)It should be catchy；2)It should convey a positive message or idea of the target．
2．小组活动：学生分小组活动，可以是每一个小组成员提出自己的设计方案，在小组范围内讨论并选出小组最佳作品，也可以是小组全体成员合作设计出一个方案。
3．班级活动：各小组展示自己的设计方案，由老师和学生代表组成评委会，选出全班最佳作品。
任务二：国外品牌的翻译
活动时间：学完本单元之后
活动形式：个人活动、两人小组活动、全班活动
语言知识要求：本单元中有关词汇和句型
语言技能要求：听、说、读、写、译
活动步骤：
1．布置任务：要求每个学生收集2-3个国外产品的品牌名称以及中文翻译，如：Coca Cola(可口可乐)。
2．两人小组活动：学生先把产品品牌的原名展示给同伴，让对方试着给出中文翻译，再比较同伴的翻译和广告中所采用的翻泽。鼓励学生运用本单元中学到的广告语言运用技巧分析这些中文翻译的含义。
3．全班活动：将同学们收集到的品牌翻译集中在一起，按产品分类编成黑板报或手抄报的形式。
任务三：主题广告专栏的编写
活动时间：学完本单元之后
活动形式：小组活动、全班活动
语言知识要求：本单元中有关词汇和句型
语言技能要求：听、说、读、写
活动步骤：
1．布置任务：把全班按兴趣分成几个小组，每个小组选择一个广告主题进行研究，可以由小组自定，也可由教师指定，如：汽车组、手机组、食品组、化妆品组、运动健身组、IT组等。每个组根据主题搜集相关的信息编写一个广告专栏，内容可包括：广告画、广告语、广告人物、广告对产品的推广作用、广告效果分析等。
2．小组活动：小组的每个成员围绕小组的广告主题，搜集并整理有关信息。在小组范围内交流有关内容，相互间提出修改意见并做适当修改。
3．班级活动：各小组在墙报上展示自己的成果，由老师和学生代表组成评委会，选出全班最佳主题广告专栏。
任务四：“广告代言人”模仿秀
活动时间：学完“阅读”之后
活动形式：个人活动、小组活动、全班活动
语言知识要求：本单元中有关词汇和句型
语言技能要求：听、说
活动步骤：
1．布置任务：教师可以引导学生在各媒体(电视、广播、报纸、杂志、网络)上搜集自己喜欢的英语广告语，并设想自己就是该广告的代言人，用肢体语言和口头语言演绎出自己对该广告语的理解。
2．小组活动：每个成员在小组范围内表演，小组中推选2-3名选手参加全班的模仿秀比赛。
3．班级活动：在全班范围内开展“广告代言人”模仿秀的表演，可设一、二、三等奖，也可设立各项单奖，如最佳表演奖、最佳声音奖、最受欢迎奖、最佳创意奖等等，由老师和学生代表组成评委会，评选出各个奖项的得主。
任务五：“广告评论”征文比赛
活动时间：学完本单元之后
活动形式：个人活动、小组活动、全班活动
语言知识要求：本单元中有关词汇和句型
语言技能要求：听、说、读、写
活动步骤：
1．布置任务：教师播放“世界获奖广告精选”的音像资料，选取其中10个左右的广告，要求学生从中选定自己最喜欢的一则广告，将选择相同广告的学生分在一组。
2．小组活动：每个成员在小组范围内讨论分析该广告在设计、意境、语言等各方面的特点，并写成一篇广告评论文章。
3．班级活动：在全班范围内开展“广告评论”的作文比赛，可设、二、二等奖，由老师和学生代表组成评委会，对参赛作品进行评分。如果条件允许，也可以不以作文的形式，而以口头汇报的形式。学生一边主持放映广告短片，一边对广告进行评论。
(二)热身(Warming up)
“广告”在生活中随处可见，学生对这一话题并不陌生，所以在处理“热身”部分的问题时，不需要讲解很多背景知识。教师可以直接从第1个问题入手向全班提问，前一个问题比较简单，直接从广告的画面就可得知，而后一个问题其实是阅读部分在此的一个伏笔，学生可以不受束缚地畅所欲言，如果学生不知道如何作答，教师可以通过几个问题引导学生：
Do you think the pictures are effective? Why?(Clear，impressive，beautiful…)
What are the people in the pictures doing?
What words are used to describe the products?
甚至可以让学生想象，如果把洗发水和计算机的位置互换，或者在第三则广告中将饮料替换成计算机，广告的效果会有什么不同?通过这些讨论，学生认识到广告的效果其实很大程度上取决于语言的运用和概念的联想，如：计算机→智慧、高速；洗发香波→美好、干净；运动饮料→力量、竞争。
然后教师可以将全班分为三大组，每一大组分为两人小组讨论其中一则广告，并回答第2-4题。教师可以抽查学生的讨论结果。第5题和第6题，教师可以和学生一起讨论、总结。“热身”练习后，学生不仅初步了解了本单元的内容基调，而且也集中认识了有关广告的重点词汇。
(三)听力(Listening)
首先，教师介绍听力任务--假设你妈妈想买
一台手提电脑，但不知道买什么牌子的好，她让你听几则广告，给她提参考意见。在听之前，引导学生根据听力目的预测广告内容，表格中的词汇和短语其实就是理解录音内容的关键词。第一部分的听力没有很多生词，句子也大都小长，难点是信息量比较大，而且三则广告的风格各不相同。对于听力比较困难的学生，教师可以用一个更详细的表格突出听力要点，并适当给予帮助：
Ad 1 Ad 2 Ad 3
Product Name FX435 Star 5000 E-Brain
Target customer ordinary people Successful businessmen，
modern leaders teenagers
Price 4000 yuan (reasonable) affordable
Screen 14.1 inches
Colour as you wish
Features
for basic work and play
for big meetings basic software for homework； brand new music system
Words used to describe it
incredible，new，reasonable， best deal，best choice perfect，right choice
new．an expression of who
you are；affordable，latest，
in style
听完之后可以引导学生讨论为什么三则广告同是关于手提电脑，但文字内容和表达风格却大不相同。
第二部分的听力有些难度，不仅信息量大，而且长句也比较多。教师在播放录音之前可以结合学生的预测讨论，在黑板上列出购买手提电脑时要考虑的要点，有了这些线索，学生可以更容易地抓住录音里的细节。如果有必要，可以播放录音两三遍。在做完听力后，教师应当对内容做一个小结。
在做第4题之前，可以先让学生进行两人小组活动， 一个扮演妈妈，一个扮演孩子。通过问答的形式，妈妈说出自己的购买意向，孩子一边听一边提建议。讨论之后，两人合作写一封短信，写完后再相互检查修改，这个练习可以安排在课后进行。
(四)口语(Speaking)
这个口语练习要求学生各自选取角色，分小组讨论生活中需不需要广告以及面对广告带来的种种问题应该如何解决。每个学生都持有各自不同的意见，而且要给出支持其观点的理由。
教师将学生分成5人一组，如果班上人数不能被5除尽，则可以安排一些4人组，去掉其中一个读者的角色。先向学生解释小组讨论的任务--表达不满和表达不同意见，让学生选取角色，并为自己所持的观点补充理由。如果有必要，教师可先示范几个角色。小组讨论后，让每个组的“编辑”向全班汇报小组讨论的结果。
在小组讨论之前，教师可以在黑板列出对话中可能用到的表达法(参看本单元的“教学要求”)：
1．抱怨和投诉(Making complaints)
2．表达情感(Expressing emotions)
3．表达和评价不同观点(Expressing and evaluating different views)
教师在检查时．除了要帮助小组讨论顺利进行，还要注意提醒学生的交际意识，比如个人发言时间不能太长，别人发言时要耐心倾听、善意提醒等。
(五)读前(Pro-reading)
在前面的“热身”部分里，提到了广告的用途主要是推销产品。在“听力”部分里，学生听到几则广告信息，并通过比较不同广告选择合意的产品，学生体会到广告的积极作用。在“口语”郜分里，学生分角色扮演对广告不满的读者，讨论了广告带来的各种各样的问题，学生体会到广告也有消极影响。有了前面各部分练习的铺垫，学生做第一题时不会觉得太困难。为了达到更好的教学效果，教师可以举一个大家都很熟悉的广告实例进行分析。教师可以把学生关于广告利弊的讨论结果写在黑板上，等学生阅读课文后，再看看哪几点文章中提到了，哪几点文章中没有提到。
(六)阅读(Reading)
本文的目标是：
1. 了解广告的发展现状和人们对广告的态度，如：Where can ads be found? How do people react to ads?
2．了解广告设计的基本原理，如：What is the basic principle of advertising? How do you make a good ad?
3分析广告的利与弊，如：How important are ads in today’s society? How do ads help companies and customers? What ale good ads? What are bad ads? Why should we keep an eye out for “hidden information” in ads?
4．培养对广告的批判性态度，如：How can we make use of good ads? How can we protect ourselves from false ads? How can we develop a critical attitude towards ads?
针对这些教学目标，可以进行如下教学活动：
1．快速阅读，归纳每段的丰要内容
Paragraph I：Advertising is a highly developed industry．
Paragraph 2：People react to ads in different ways．
Paragraph 3：What is the basic principle of advertising?
Paragraph 4-6：Ads are helpful in many ways．
Paragraph 7：How can we spot bad ads?
Paragraph 8：We should take a critical attitude towards ads．
2．逐段分析，归纳演绎
根据各个部分，教师引导学生逐段归纳或演绎。
Paragraph 1：要学生评论本段关于广告的观点是否正确?广告是否在生活中无处不在?还有哪些地方可以发现广告的踪迹?
Paragraph 2：列出两种不同观点，要学生思考自
己持何种观点，并补充说明理由。
Paragraph 3：要学生用自己的语言总结出制作广告的基本要领，如：using a good brand name；appealing to customers’emotions等等，并举例说明。
Paragraph 4-6：要学生列出广告的积极作用，并指出文章是如何证明观点的。再讨论证据是否充分，是否经得起推敲。
Paragraph 7：要学生总结出虚伪广告的惯用伎俩，如：hidden information，bait-and-switch等，并分别举例说明。
Paragraph 8：要学生用自己的话总结出对待广告的辩证态度，并讨论文章的观点是否准确，学生有没有异议，能不能提出自己的观点。
3．文章中的生词处理
要求学生在第一遍快速阅读时，划出不认识的单词。可以给一点时间，安排两人小组活动，先让学生互相帮助，以减少生词的数量。然后，教师尽量利用语境提供解释或举例说明，让学生猜测生词的意思。
4．关注文章的语言
本单元的重点语法是宾语补足语，提示学生在阅读过程中找出含有宾补的句子，注意动词的用法，并分类归纳。
(七)读后(Post-reading)
第1题是根据文章内容回答问题，这些问题的答案都能在文章中直接找到，教师可以针对全班提问，也可安排两人小组活动，让学生一问一答。教学重点是第2题，学生组成两人小组展开研究讨论，人研究“运动鞋”广告，一人研究“补脑营养品”广告。教师可以提示他们用第3段和第7段中提到的广告技巧进行分析。
(八)语言学习(Language study)
1．词汇学习部分第1题的词语均来自阅读课文，所给的8句情境也与课文主题有关，学生在理解了课文的基础上，完成该项练习应该没有太大的困难。第2题中有些可能是生词，教师可以先介绍生词的意思，再让学生回答对应的词，教师还可以提示学生想一想还有没有其它类似的对应词，如： son-daughter，spokesman-spokeswoman，steward-stew-ardess，schoolboy-schoolgirl，businessman-business woman；prince-princess等等。第3题也是帮助学生复习本单元所学词汇，学习在具体情景中正确使用生词和短语。
2．语法部分复习宾语补足语的用法。第1题先让学生用右边方框中的单词或短语完成句子，然后让学生将这些短语分类：形容词、副词、分词、动词不定式和-ing形式等。第2题用动词的适当形式填空这一任务比较容易，但找出短文中的宾补就相对要难一些，教师可以提示学生，找出宾补的关键在于抓住动词。学生找出宾补后，按类型归纳(参见本单元的“教学要求”)。
(九)综合技能(Integrating skills)
该部分的“阅读”与阅读课文第3段相呼应，讨论了语言在广告巾所起的作用。第l-4段讨论的是广告语言的运用技巧和策略。一个产品若要获得消费者的青睐，首先要有一个好的品牌名--既要容易记忆，又要使人产生积极联想，其次，还要有一个朗朗上口的宣传口号，而且其宣传方式要容易深入人心。教师可以举更多成功产品的例子，让学生运用文中提到的技巧分析语言所起的作用。第5-7段讨论的是语言在广告中可能引起的问题，一是品牌名称的翻译问题；二是广告促销中常见的语言陷阱。教师可以举一些国产品牌的例子，要学生给出一个对应的英文翻译，或者举一些国外品牌的例子，要学生给出一个对应的中文翻译。在讨论语言陷阱时，教师可以让学生说出生活中常见的一些中文表达，如：跳楼价、免费赠送、买二送一、买200返80、全场二折起等，讨论其广告效果并分析原因。
“写作”部分教学可以要求学生以小组为单位：
1．确定促销的产品类型；
2．为该产品设计品牌名，宣传广告以及宣传口号；
3．制作广告图；
4．在班上展示各组设计的广告，确定购买意向；
5．评选出最有创意广告奖、最佳广告词奖等。
三、教学评价建议
(一)非测试性评价
根据自己的实际情况回答下列问题，并存入个人学习档案：
The things I can do Evaluation
T can talk about advertising and advertisements． 5 4 3 2 1
I understand how advertising works． 5 4 3 2 1
I can tell good ads from bad or false ones． 5 4 3 2 1
I can design an ad with the help of my classmates． 5 4 3 2 1
T can make complaints with some facts to support my idea． 5 4 3 2 1
I can express my emotions(anger，worries，surprise，satisfaction，etc) in English 5 4 3 2 1
I can express different views in a proper way 5 4 3 2 1
I can remember the new words and expressions and use them in new situations 5 5
4 3 2 1
(二)测试性评价
1．根据释义写单词：
2．选用所给动词完成句子：
Suppose you are a computer salesman．How would you (1) ______ if people didn't want to listen to you and even(2) ______ you of trying to mislead them? Don't get(3) ______ if this happens and don’t be too quick to (4) ______ yourself for not doing a good job．People often make their choices after seeing or hearing ads that ate(5) ______ on TV or over the radio．(6) ______ products are preferred， not because they are better．but because they are better known．If you want to influence the choices people make，first you have to (7) ______ your product with what they need The best chance to make them stop and listen to you is to (8) ______ to their emotions．Sometimes，people are more willing to buy the positive concepts，such as love，health，happiness and success，that have been(9) ______ to the product．If they accept the information you are trying to(10) ______ ，you have a better chance to get them as your customers．
3. 翻译下列句子：
1．每天喝杯KELE，能使你工作好，休息好，玩得好。(饮料)
2．让PANT来关心你的发型，还有你的头发。(头发定型液)
3．肥皂使我感觉像戴了面县，又紧又绷。当我开始使用DOFE以后，我的脸不再干燥，
我感觉自己好像年轻了20岁。(香皂)
4．KONCA胶卷使彩色摄影更上一层楼。(胶卷)
5．如果人们一直劝你戒烟，不要听--他们也许是想骗你活得久一点。(戒烟)
答案：
1
1 advertiser 2 brand 3 appeal
4 salesman 5 spokesman 6 campaign
7 target 8 discount 9 bonus
10 profit
2
1 react 2 accused 3 annoyed
4 blame 5 broadcast 6 Advertised
7 associate 8 appeal 9 agaehed
10 convey
3
1 A cup of KELE a day helps you work，rest and play well．
2 Let PANT take care of your style and your hair．
3 Soap made me feel like I had a mask on．tight and pulling．When I started using DOFE，my face wasn’t dry anymore．I feel 20 years younger．
4 KONCA film takes color photography to new heights．
5 If people keep telling you to quit smoking， don’t listen…they are probably trying to trick you into living．
篇2：人教版必修第三册Unit3
一、教学内容分析
本单元的中心话题是“澳大利亚”，具体涉及澳大利亚的地理概况、自然历史、风土人情等。语言技能和语言知识都围绕“澳大利亚”这一中心话题设计展开。
“热身”(Warming up)部分让学生依照地图描述澳大利亚与其临近海域的地理位置关系，澳大利亚各州和各地区的分布情况，以及一些著名城市(如Sydney， Melbourne，Canberra等)的地理位置。同时让学生列出三件让他们感兴趣的澳大利亚事物，并自由讲述他们自己想去澳大利亚游玩的地方及其旅游活动内容。这部分旨在让学生在头脑中形成一幅清晰的澳大利亚地图，对澳大利亚的地理概况、自然风景及风土人情有个初步的认识与了解，并激起学生探索，学习澳洲的热情。
“听力”(Listening)部分共分两部分内容：澳洲的野外活动--远足、自行车和冲浪(bushwalking，cycling，surfing)；野外旅游的安全警告和注意事项。根据听力内容设计了三个练习：
1．找出可能在录音中听到的词。该练习训练学生捕捉信息的能力，同时为下文的听力活动起了热身的作用；
2．听录音，填写表格，并注意澳大利亚的口音，判断与英国英语的最大不同之处。该练习主要训练学生捕捉具体信息并概括要点的能力；
3．先预测旅游的一些注意事项以及安全知识，然后听录音填写表格。该练习既训练了学生的预测能力，又使学生对听力材料能整体把握，训练学生获取和处理信息的能力。
“口语”(Speaking)部分是听力部分的延续。要求学生在听力活动中所获取的信息基础上，以小组活动和角色扮演的形式，展开多位旅行者与-位导游之间进行有关澳大利亚旅游安全问题的对话活动。这个活动设计既帮助学生巩固从听力材料所获取的信息内容，又达到一个有效的信息输出目的，训练学生在交际过程中的口头表达能力与知识运用能力。
“读前”(Pre-reading)活动由两部分内容组成。第一部分在告知学生文章的主旨后，要求学生积极预测文章内容，在阅读之前判断文章可能会回答的问题。第二部分则要求学生在完成第一部分的基础上，将自己预测的文章内容按照文章的脉络从导入、主体到结论(Introduction→Body→Conclusion)的顺序进行编排。这种设计旨在要求学生能根据文章主题来判断文章可能阐述的内容，帮助学生理解文章的描述必须围绕主题进行。同时有助于培养学生丰动阅读的良好习惯，并有助于学生写作能力的培养与提高。
“阅读”(Reading)部分是一篇介绍澳大利亚地理概貌、历史发展及语言文化等方面的说明文体裁的文章。文章整体脉络清晰明了，共有五部分：1．澳洲的概况。介绍了澳大利亚的组成、地理位置、首都、著名城市以及澳大利证的国旗。2．最早的澳洲人(The first Australians)。3．囚犯之国，(A nation of prisoners?)。17世纪，欧洲人开始踏上澳洲的土地。接着，美国独立战争爆发，英国无法再将囚犯发送美国，因此大量的英国囚犯被遣送澳大利亚，使得澳洲土著人的生活方式被改变、上地被剥夺，一个由囚徒组成的国家诞生。4．另外一个新世界：一个国家的诞生(Another new world：the birth of a nation)。澳洲与18世纪的美国相似，19澳大利亚联邦成立。5．说澳大利亚语吗?没问题!(Speak Australian? No worries!)。介绍了澳大利亚英语与英国英语和美国英语的不同之处，列举九午多澳洲英语词汇。通过对此文的阅读，学生对澳大利亚的方方面面会有更深刻的认识与了解。
“读后”(Post-reading)郜分设计了三个练习。第一个练习是对读前活动的检测，根据文章划出能回答读前部分问题的句子。第二个练习针对文章内容细节设计了七个问题，让学生读后再回答问题，帮助学生更深层次地理解文章内涵。第三个练习涉及到说明文写作技巧的问题，要求学生从文章出发，对从文中选出的六个句子进行判断，哪句是运用了说明文中摆事实(Fact)的写作手法，哪句是运用了下定义(Definition)的写作手法，哪句是运用了举例子(Example)的写作手法。这有利于学生模仿并学会运用各种写作方法增添文章色彩，从而提高写作水平。
“语言学习”(Language study)部分分词汇学习(Word study)与语法(Grammar)两部分。词汇学习设计了两个练习。第一个练习要求学生学会用简单的英语来解释生词，并学会用英文字典来查单词，这有助于提高学生自主学习能力，养成用英语直接思维的良好习惯；第二个练习要求学生用所给词汇的正确形式进行填空，帮助学生巩固所学词汇，并能在特定语境中准确运用所学语言知识。语法部分是复习系表结构中表语的用法。共设计了两个练习，第一个练习要求学生选词填空，判断哪些词(性)可以用来充当句子的表语(可充当系表结构巾的表语有：名词／代词／数词／形容词／副词／过去分词／-ing形式/介词短语/不定式/从句等)；第二个练习要求学生能运用系动词的正确形式填空，帮助学生复习巩固系表结构中系动词与表语的用法。
“综合技能”(Integrating skills)部分包括阅读和写作。阅读部分介绍了澳大利亚的地理、自然环境、工农业、气候特征及风情民俗等，让学生进一步熟悉了解澳大利亚的方方面面，并设计了四个问题，帮助学生了解和检测阅读内容。写作部分要求写一篇描述一种澳大利亚稀有动物的文章。要求学生根据教材所提供的动物资料(包括该动物的外形特征、生活习性等)写一篇描述性说明文体裁的文章。这有助于学生学会收集并合理利用相关信息资料，将所学语言用于实践，提高学生描写事物的写作技能。
“学习建议”(Tips)部分建议学生学刊自己感兴趣的外国语言与文化。通过图书馆、上网、交友等各种途径搜集相关信息资料，了解外国的语言文化，提高学习语言的积极性，陶冶情操。
“复习要点”(Checkpoint)部分帮助学生复习表语，并设计了一些基本的练习供学生操练巩固。同时要求学生复习与本单元中心话题“澳大利亚”相关的重要词汇和习惯用语，达到巩固所学语言知识与技能的目的。
二、教学方法建议
(一)主题任务(Core tasks)
根据本单元中心话题“澳大利亚”，设计以下四个丰题任务供教师参考，并根据交际情况运用任务展开活动。
任务一：制作澳大利亚旅游指南
活动时间：此任务可作为本单元的中心任务，贯穿整个单元学习时间；也可以在学完“热身”，“听力”与“口语”后进行。
语言知识要求：与本单元相关的语言(有关澳大利亚地貌、语言、文化、自然等词汇)
语言技能要求：读、说、写
活动形式：
1．小组活动：讨论澳大利亚旅游指南的各个事项(如地图／图片、旅游路线、景点介绍、天气、交通、安全事项等)；任务分工，组内成员可根据自己的爱好特长进行分工，确定任务(如文字、美工、设计、编辑、资料图片收集等)；
2．个人活动：各成员根据所分配的任务从不同途径广泛收集所需资料信息，并做好摘录、归类与整合，为旅游指南的制做好充分的准备工作；
3．小组活动：小组交流，信息资料汇总并整合，各组成员分工合作，制作旅游指南；
4．班级活动：以小组为单位在班级展示澳大利亚旅游指南，师生共同评价，评选出最佳澳大利亚旅游指南；并把选出的最佳澳大利亚旅游指南展示存班级宣传栏里。
任务目的：
1．激发学生了解澳大利亚的热情；
2．培养学生的合作学习精神，
3．培养学生学用结合，将所学语言用J：实践，提高学生自主学习的能力。
任务二：评选澳大利亚导游
活动时间：学完“阅读”与“综合技能”后
语言知识要求：本单元所学的语言
语言技能要求：说，听
活动形式：
1．小组活动：各组成员在组内进行比赛，以导游的身份向大家介绍澳大利亚的方方面面(包括澳大利亚的地理位置、自然风景、旅游胜地、气候特征、文化风俗等)，然后各组推选1-2位优秀导游；
2班级活动：每组被推选上来的优秀导游在班级进行比赛，师生共同评选最佳澳大利亚导游。
评价工具：
(Note：5-Excellent；4-Good；3-Not good/Not bad；2-Bad；1-Terrible)
任务目的：
1．培养学生在做中学的学习习惯，在实际活动中运用所学语言，并创造性地使用相关语言。
2．丰富学生的学习活动，增加学习乐趣，提高学习积极性。
任务三：举办澳大利亚稀有动物派对
活动时间：学完“综合技能”写作部分后
语言知识要求：
1．与澳大利亚稀有动物相关的语言知识，如： kangaroo，koala，red-bellied，black snake．tiger snake， platypus，wombat，dingo，brash turkey，emu，fairy penguin，Tasmanian devil，dugong，bandicoot，kookaburra， wallaby，cuscus，cockatoo，etc
2．描述动物的相关词汇，如：fur，skin，pointed， claw，clawed，hairy，tail，wild，medium，bushy，howl， bark，habitat，etc
语言技能要求：读、写、说、听
活动形式：
1．个人活动：搜集自己感兴趣的一种澳大利亚稀有动物的相关信息资料(见下图)，并用所学的语言知识对其进行简要的描述(以第一人称进行描述)；同时制作一张该动物的面具；
Draw a picture of an animal
Investigation Data Name of animal：
Description：
Habitat：
Diet：
Interesting fact：
2．班级活动：在班级里举办一次澳大利亚稀有动物派对，每位学生戴上自己制作的动物面具进行“自我介绍”，师生共同学习了解澳大利亚各种稀有动物的相关知识。
任务目的：
1．激发学生学习热情与创新欲望，培养学生语言综合运用能力；
2．鼓励学生运用所学知识描述一种动物，并能拓展灵活运用语言；
3．丰富学生知识，开阔眼界，增加学生学习乐趣。
任务四：澳大利亚英语特色词汇集锦
活动时间：学完“阅读”后或学完本单元后
语言知识要求：澳大利亚英语特色词汇，如： G’day mate，Sheila，mate，outback，to go walkabout， billabong，uni，no worries，toilet/ dunny，do one's lolly， catch you later，soccer等，可参考背景知识第一部分。
语言技能要求：读、说、听、写
活动形式：
1．个人活动：通过各种途径(如图书馆、报纸、
杂志、网络等)广泛搜集澳大利亚英语特色词汇，并了解其含义用法，做好记录；
2．班级活动：汇总澳大利亚英语特色词汇，编成澳大利亚英语特色词汇集锦，师生共同学习欣赏。
任务目的：
1．开拓学生知识面，丰富英语语言知识及词汇量，帮助学生了解澳大利亚语言文化；
2．培养学生自主学习能力；
3．培养学生在学习中运用资料策略，学会资源共享。
(二)热身(Warming up)
这部分的重点是激活学生头脑中对澳大利亚的知识。通过热身活动让学生对澳大利亚概况有感性认识，激发学生学习本单元有关澳大利亚知识的兴趣。建议展开以下教学活动：
1．看图说话
教师向学生展示一张世界地图，让学生熟悉世界七大洲四大洋的名称；然后引导学生集中描述澳大利亚的地理位置，同时引出表方位的词汇，如：to/ in the east／south／north／west of...，be located／situated in， lie in／on／to／off；be surrounded by等。如：
T：Here is a map of the world．Do you know the names of the oceans? What about the continents? Where is Australia? Can you describe it?
(Note：four oceans on the earth-Arctic Ocean， Atlantic Ocean，Indian Ocean，and Pacific Ocean；seven continents on the earth-Africa，Antarctica，Asia、 Oceania，Europe，North America，and South America)
2．师生讨论
引导学生讨论澳大利亚的各个组成部分及其分布情况。并熟悉澳大利亚一些著名城市(如 Melbourne，Sydney，Canberra，Brisbane等)的地理位置。并引导学生讨论澳大利亚的动物。如：
T：What do you know about animals in Australia?
Ss：There are a variety of animals in Australia．
T：Can you name some and draw them?
(group work or pair work)
3．生生讨论
首先学生以小组形式讨论自己想要去澳大利亚游玩的地方并给出原因，同时讲述自己旅游活动项目与内容。教师可帮助学生引出相关词汇。如： backpacking，cycling，bushwalking，surfing，sailing， adventure，water rafting，sailboard，surfboard，diving，
diving suit．diving mask，diving boot等。然后以班级活动的形式要求学生进行讨论并汇报结果。
(三)听力(Listening)
听力部分是关于澳大利亚旅游安全常识。建议开展如下活动内容：
1．导入。这部分活动内容刚好与“热身”活动内容衔接。教师可以在热身活动之后引出“澳大利亚旅游安全常识”这个话题。例如：So you like travelling． You can experience adventure activities in Australia，such as cycling，bushwalking，and surfing．But what should we take into consideration since they are adventurous and risky? The tape will tell you紧接着让学生对听力材料内容进行预测，激发学生听的兴趣，也起到听前热身的作用。听前，让学生先阅读课本提供的练习，以便带着目的去听。
2．学生听第一部分录音材料，完成练习2。同时在听的过程中提醒学生注意澳大利亚英语的口音，做好记录。听后要求学生进行讨论：Which sounds are very different from British English?
3．学生听第二郜分录音材料，完成练习3。建议在听录音前，组织学生进行简要的讨论：What should you bring when travelling and how can you stay safe while travelling? Is there anything we should pay attention to? Why? 通过这一活动可以让学生听前心中有谱，提高听力效果。
(四)口语(Speaking)
口语活动实际上是继听力输入活动后的输出部分，要求学生以角色扮演的形式进行VI语交际活动。这一活动的目的是巩固学生从听力材料中获取的信息内容，再将所学的知识运用到交际活动中去，活学活用，提高学生知识运用与交际能力。教师在处理这部分内容时可要求学生以小组为单位，分角色扮演(tourists & a tour guide)，各小组各角色做好充分的准备工作，然后在班内进行表演。建议进行以下活动：
1．学生分别选好角色：导游或旅客，并做好准备。如导游可以准备旅游注意事项、旅游会存在的危险性；游客可以计划旅游目的地。准备工作可以通过上网搜寻、卜图书馆或采访地理教师等形式完成。
2．小组活动。小组成员可以是三个游客和两个导游，也町以是其他形式，讨论有关旅游目的地和注意事项。
3．班级活动。教师根据各组的讨论情况，请三
至四组同学卜台做表演。
口语活动也可以参照主题任务一。
(五)读前(Speaking)
这部分是“阅读”的热身。鼓励学生积极地进行预测、想象文章会涉及哪些内容，并要求学生在预测基础上尝试给文章列提纲，安排文章内容。
建议活动：
1．个人活动：可以课前完成。
2．两人小组活动：同桌讨论。
3．全班活动：教师组织全班同学讨论。
(六)阅读(Reading)
本单元阅读课的目标是：
I．使学生能够利用各种阅读方法与技巧(如 skimming，scanning，inference等)获取信息，提高阅读能力，并学习使用介绍性文字。
2．使学生了解澳大利亚国家的地理、历史、语言、文化等背景知识，培养跨文化意识，提高跨文化交际能力。
针对以上目标，建议阅读课开展以下教学活动：
1．略读(Skimming)。快速浏览文章，归纳段落主题。然后对照“读前”部分的预测内容与提纠进行比较与验证。由于本篇阅读结构脉络清晰，。学生通过快速阅读可以了解各部分主题内容。
Part 1：Geography ＆ flag
Part 2：People
Part 3：History (during the 17th C and 19th C)
Part 4：History (in the 20th C)
Part 5：Language
2．寻读(Scanning)。通过略读学生初步掌握文章整体脉络后，学生再进行寻读，捕捉具体信息细节，加深对文章的理解。教师可通过问答的师生互动形式完成下面一张表格，帮助学生了解文章各部分的细节内容。在课堂教学过程中教师可以通过形象生动的方式如画图、呈现图片或呈现重要关键词汇等进行板书，帮助学生更有效地理解文章细节。
Australia
Item Details
Geography
Flag
People
History
Language r
3．欣赏领会全文。在学生对文章有整体与细节上的全面理解之后，让学生再回到课文，听录音，欣赏原文，学习理解并体会文章优美、内涵丰富的词句，同时也使文章的整个脉络与重要细节再次呈现于学生的头脑中，达到全面深刻领会文章的目的。
(七)读后(Post．reading)
读后部分设计了三个练习。第一个练习要求学生根据文章内容划出能回答读前所设计问题的句子；第二个练习设计了七个紧扣课文内容的问题。这两个练习都是从文章内容细节出发的，教师在处理这一部分时可考虑将这两个练习穿插到阅读活动中去完成。第三个练习是有关引导学生说明文写作技巧的练习。在写作过程中我们会运用一些写作技巧，如摆事实、举例子、下定义等各种方式使文章脉络清晰，有事实、有定义、有例子，为文章增添色彩。此练习要求学生从原文出发，根据上下文来判断各句在文中运用了哪种写作方法。在完成练习之后，教师可以给学生提供另外相应的辅助练习，如：可结合任务二，也可以让学生模仿课文介绍我们的祖国，帮助学生巩固运用。
(八)语言学习(Language study)
1．词汇学习(Word study)
词汇学习部分主要是考查学生对阅读文章中出现的一些重要词汇的理解程度与运用能力，共设计了两个练习。第一个练习要求学生给阅读文章中出现过的八个生词下定义，教师可以先让学生根据课文内容，用英语解释词义，鼓励学生用所学的语言给生词下定义；然后再鼓励学生学会用英文词典查单词，检查答案，帮助学生养成平时勤查字典的良好习惯。第一个练习要求在特定语境内用所给词汇的正确形式填空，训练学生词汇运用能力。
2．语法(Grammar)
本单元的语法项目是复习系表结构中表语(Predicative)的用法。教材提供了两个练习供学生练习巩固这一语法点。由于学生平时都在使用系表结构，对这一结构的用法比较熟悉，教师可以先让学生通过大量的练习熟练掌握这一用法，再引导学生归纳总结充当表语的各种形式(名词／代词，数词／形容词／副词／过去分词／-ing形式／介词短语，不定式／从句等)，并要求学生列出系表结构中常用的一些系动词(1ink verbs)，如be，keep，rest，remain，stay， lie，stand(表示持续的状态)；seem，appear，look(表象)；feel，smell，sound，taste(感官)；become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run(表示变化)；及表示终止的系动词prove，turn out等。
(九)综合技能(Integrating skills)
综合技能部分包括阅读(Reading)与写作(Writing)两部分。
1．阅读部分其实是前面阅读活动材料的继续，主要目标是要求学生在阅读中获取信息，进一步全面了解澳大利亚。教学活动建议如下：
1)导入。从复习前面阅读课的内容开始导入。如：
T：What did we learn about Australia in Reading?
What else do you want to know about it?
Ss：Animals／Climate／Culture／Customs
2)段落主题归纳。要求学生快速阅读课文，找出并归纳段落主题。
Paragraph．1：Old Australia & its animals；Para． graph 2：Area；Paragraph 3 & 4：Resources ＆ agriculture；Paragraph 5：Climate ＆ customs
3)疏通课文，捕捉细节。
通过师生互动一问一答的形式了解各个段落主题下的细节内容。教师可呈现学生回答中的关键词汇。
2．写作部分要求学生根据教材所提供的信息练习写作。教材提供了澳大利亚三种稀有动物(袋熊 wombat，树袋熊／无尾熊／考拉koala bear，野犬dingo)的相关信息资料。写作活动步骤建议如下：
1)个人活动。学生写作前，教师可以让学生在课外利用各种途径广泛搜集一种澳大利亚稀有动物的相关信息(可以是以上二种稀有动物巾的一种)，并合理利用信息资料，学写一篇描述性文章。(参照任务三的活动)
2)生生互动。写作结束后要求学生根据写作评价标准互改习作。
3)师生互动。交流点评习作，评出优秀习作。
评价工具
篇3：人教版必修第三册Unit1
教学方法
(一)主题任务(Core tasks)
根据本单元的中心话题，建议设计以下三个主题任务，供教师参考，并根据实际情况选用。
任务一：设立吉尼斯班级纪录
活动时间：在学完“热身”、“听力”、“口语”、“读前”、“阅读”和“读后”之后
语言知识要求：
1．词汇：edition，length，conclude，confirm，com- minttee，skilful，energetic，certificate，register，apply for， in the first place
2．句型：运用本单元所学的表示量度和比较的句型
语言技能要求：听、说、写
活动形式：
1．小组活动：小组讨论班级里的各项之最，比如说，同学中最高的，跑得最快的，唱歌最好的，体重最大的、最小的，英语口语最好的等等。做好纪录，力求准确，并尽可能包含各个方面。
2．班级活动：先由小组长汇报各小组的内容，再汇总，去掉相同的纪录，在得到全班同学的确认后用英语纪录在小册子里。
3．个人活动：在以后的学习、生活中，争取提高那些有意义的纪录，不断取得进步。
任务目的：
1．加深同学之间的了解，使学生热爱生活，培养集体荣誉感和积极向上、永不满足的进取精神。
2．在活动中学习使用目标语言，以便真正掌握，学以致用。
任务二：介绍一项吉尼斯世界纪录
活动时间：在学完综合技能之后
语言知识要求：学生已学词汇与句型
语言技能要求：听、说、读、写
活动形式：
1．小组活动：利用学校图书馆、因特网查询一项吉尼斯世界纪录。最好该纪录主题积极向上，有生动的幕后故事和社会现实意义。
2．个人活动：由小组长负责分配任务，各组员每人都承担一部分内容，用英语组织好语言，并向全班介绍。
3．班级活动：全体同学参与，各小组介绍自己
选择的一项世界纪录，师生共同评价，选出介绍得最好的小组。并把所有的材料整理装订成册。
评价工具：
任务目的：
1．加深对吉尼斯世界纪录文化内涵的理解；
2．培养学生的合作学习和团队精神；
3．增加语言的输出和输入量，提高学生的语言表达能力。
任务三：介绍你喜欢的一项极限运动
活动时问：在学完本单元之后
语言知识要求：
1．词汇：X Games，X-factor，skating ramp， schoolmates，capture，concentrate(on)，helmet，delighted， cautious，fascinate，recently，familiar，outgoing，skate- boarder
2．句型：学生已学的有关句型
语言技能要求：听、说、读、写
活动形式：
1．个人活动：每位同学选择一项自己喜爱和有所了解的极限运动。阅读相关资料，做介绍前的各项准备工作，包括提供图片、录像等材料。
2．小组活动：在小组中比较各自的准备工作，交流经验。
3．班级活动：在适当的时候全体同学参加，由各位同学依次来介绍他们选择的极限运动，师生共同评价选出介绍得最好的同学。并推荐有利于学生身心健康的极限运动，鼓励他们在课外活动中尝试。
任务目的：
1．培养学生在活动中用英语做事的能力；
2．拓展视野，丰富课外文化和英语知识；
3．鼓励创新和有限度的冒险。
(二)热身(Warming up)
这一部分的目的是引起学生对吉尼斯世界纪录
的好奇和兴趣。建议从班级里的情况开始起谈到全国和全世界，再引入到课文中的图片。具体步骤如下：
T：Who is the tallest student in our class?
Ss：．．．
T：Is Yao Ming the tallest person in China?
Ss：．．．
T：Do you know how tall the tallest person in the world is?
Ss：．．．
T：Now let's come to the pictures．See what they are about．
与学生的对话还可以涉及其他级别的各项之最，教师逐步激活学生脑中有关吉尼斯世界纪录的知识，让学生的注意力集中到这一话题上来。然后可以分小组进行有关吉尼斯世界纪录的小测试。看哪组在六个小题中得到最高分。最后由教师来公布答案。如果学生要了解更多的有关知识，可以让他们访问下面的网站：
http：//www.guinnessbookofworldrecords.com
(三)听力(Listening)
该部分提供了两段有关同一主题、不同内容的听力材料和相应的问题，侧重训练听表示量度和进行比较的一些表达法和句子。另外，两段短文都包含有很多数字，所以另一重点就是听取数字。可以设计一些热身和拓展活动，具体建议如下：
1．完成课文提供的“听前”问题。其中第二个问题可以组织学生先分组讨论，然后由学生回答，教师不提供固定的答案。
2．训练学生熟练地听取数字。教师说出一些两位或三位数，学生用英语写出来，看他们是否能写正确。
3．提一些与听力内容相关的问题，如：
How heavy is the world’s heaviest living person?
What is the fastest land animal?
What is the fastest sea animal?
What is the fastest bird?
What is the fastest man-made flying object?
What is the heaviest land animal?
可以教授“热身”中提到的生词并板书在黑板上。
(四)口语(Speaking)
本单元口语任务是让学生根据课文所提供的角色卡上的情境，分别以“校报记者”和以高空走钢丝闻名的阿迪力的身份来进行一段访谈。访谈的内容是阿迪力所创造的各项纪录。目标语言是长、宽、高等的表达方式和进行比较。在学生开展对话活动前，建议教师能创设情境与一到两位口语较好的学生进行访谈试的对话作为例子。例如：
T：In our class，who sings best?
Ss：Li Fang．
T：Li Fang．May I ask you some questions?
L：Certainly．
T：When did you begin to sing songs?
L：…
T：Did you get a music teacher to help you?
L：…
T：What’s your favourite song?
L：…
T：Have you ever taken part in any singing competition?
L：…
T：Have you ever won any prizes for singing?
L：
T：Why do you enjoy singing?
L：…
T：Thank you．
然后学生以两人一组展开口语活动，在他们基本完成对话的设计和操练熟练后叫几组同学上讲台表演。师生共同评选出最佳的对话。如果时间允许，在此活动结束后还可以让学生任意选择班级里他们想采访的同学，展开即时的、一对一的对话，也可以是教师先推荐一些有特长的学生来作为被采访的对象。
(五)读前(Pre-reading)
教材中的问题大都难以让学生即时作出回答，因此建议教师在结束“口语”活动后布置预习任务，学生通过阅读课文和查找相关资料才能获得答案。在条件差的班级里，讨论需要教师的指导和帮助。在条件好的班级里，学生在完成讨论和回答后教师可以适当地拓展话题，比如：
T：What else do you know about Sir Hugh Beaver and the Guinness Book of World Records?
T：Do you know of any Chinese records in the book?
(六)阅读(Reading)
阅读材料是一篇介绍《吉尼斯世界纪录》的说明文。主要讲述了这本书诞生的背景、书的主要内容、书中有关中国的纪录、体育方面的吉尼斯世界纪录、为什么人们喜爱这样I本书和申报吉尼斯世界纪录的程序等方面的情况。建议教师作以下处理：
1．作为说明文，应该让学生着重理解作者介绍的条理和方法。理解文章的大意和有关重要细节。教师可以通过让学生找主题句和归纳段落大意来使他们了解文章的脉络。
段落大意：
1)The birth of the book．
2)New records are sent into the book each year and they are put into different categories．
3)Some Chinese records in the book．
4)Many of the records come from the world of sports；
some have moving life stories behind them．
5)Why people are so interested in world records．
6)The procedures to apply for a Guinness world record．
2．文章的深层次理解。高三的学生具备了基本的阅读能力，教师还应有计划地引导他们对文章作深层次的理解，如作者为何要写这篇文章、其态度如何、文章为什么要运用这样一个句子以及文章的影响等，以此来启发学生，培养他们的推断和综合预测能力。
本篇文章还可以引导学生作以下几点的思考和挖掘：
1) Why did Sir Hugh Beaver want to create such abook?
2) Why do you think the book has been a bestseller for so many years?
3) What does the phrase “keep track of them” mean?
4) Do you think the book will remain popular? How will it change?
3．要求学生找出文章中他们觉得难懂的句子和他们喜欢的表达方式和句子，全班师生来共同讨论和欣赏。
(七)读后(Post-reading)
1．练习1有五个问题。前三个问题，教师可以提供一些图片和相关资料，以帮助学生更好地了解 Sir Hugh Beaver和《吉尼斯世界纪录》这本书以及环法自行车赛冠军阿姆斯特朗。后两个问题没有固定的答案，教师可以引导学生展开探讨。
2．对于练习3教师可以让学生再细读文章的最后一段，然后先小组协作完成，再在全班核对答案。
3．建议完成主题任务一(具体参见主题任务一)。
(八)语言学习(Language study)
1．词汇(Word study)：本部分的重点是培养学生运用英语来释义的能力，教师可以在完成两部分的练习后增加以下活动：
1)要求学生用英语来解释文章中其他生词。
2)试着要求学生用英语来解释练习2关于“北京申奥”这篇文章中的一些生词。如：
enthusiastic： with a strong feeling of interest
and admiration
decade： ten years
committee： a group of people chosen to do a
particular job or for special duties
fascinate： be very interesting to
2．语法(Grammar)：本单元的语法项目是复习主语，重点是让学生识别不同种类的主语。建议教师在完成语法部分练习的基础上补充下列例旬，并对于教材中未提及的主语种类予以强调。
Examples
His being looked down upon made him unhappy．
Holding the note in his hand，he stood there dumbfounded．
When and where to hold the meeting hasn't been decided．
What you should do is to finish the task soon．
0ver 60％ of the earth is covered with water．
New Year's day is coming.
“Where there is a will，there is a way” is a proverb．
The rich and the poor are equal in front of the law．
It is no use crying over spilt milk．
The teacher，together with two students，went to visit the injured student．
(九)综合技能(Integrating skills)
该部分的阅读材料可作为泛读要求。作为高三年级的学生，这类泛读的文章，应有速度的要求。学生要运用他们已有的阅读技能来略读文章，归纳中心大意，然后找出支持主题的句子和细节。针对读后练习2，可以开展以下活动：
1．教师示范：教师在黑板上写上一个大大的“井”字，字中间写上一个学生的名字，要求同学来填满其它的空格对他作出积极方面的评价。如：
2．小组活动：各小组运用以上相同方法对每位组员作出描述。
3．班级活动：教师随机抽取几组，向全班报告。
对于教材的写作要求，建议结合主题任务三
来进行，教师要求学生独立完成申报表的填写，提供评价标准，任务结束后师生共同选出优秀的申报表。
评价工具：
篇4：人教版必修第三册Unit4
二、教学方法建议
（一）主题任务（Core task）
根据本单元的中心话题，建议设计以下三个任务供教师参考，并根据实际情况运用任务。
任务一：收集植物
活动时间：完成热身、听力及口语之后
语言知识要求：与本单元有关的词汇
语言技能要求：听、说
活动形式：
1．个人活动：搜索有关植物的知识，记录整理：
What is the name?
What is it like?
What is it used for?
What is its family?
2．小组活动：四至五人一组，小组同学互相介绍自己搜集的植物，然后推选一至两人到班上展示。
3．班级活动：各组学生代表用表格、图片或课件等形式向同学介绍该植物。其他同学做记录，尽可能多地了解植物。
任务目的：
1．熟悉、认识更多的植物；
2．更多地了解植物的特性、象征意义等；
3．在实践中运用所学语言及知识，解决生活中的问题。
任务二：小小花卉展(小小生物角)
活动时间：贯穿整个单元
语言知识要求：与本单元相关的词汇
语言技能要求：听、说，读、写
活动形式：
1．班级活动：本单元一开始，教师布置每个同学(或两人一组)准备一种或一种以上花盆植物，可以是家里现成的，也可以是自己去山上采挖、然后种植于花盆的。
2．个人或两人小组活动：同学分头准备花盆植物，并用英语记录花卉名称、产地、用途、花卉形状、象征涵义等。
3．个人或两人小组活动：记录、观察花卉的生长过程，做观察日记：如土壤要求、气候要求、用水要求、成长变化等。
4．分组活动：6-8人一组，同学之间互相介绍自己所准备的植物，用英语描述、介绍该植物的特性等；然后贴上标签，注明植物名称、标明植物特性，挂上自己做的观察日记。小组同学互相提出修改意见。
5．班级活动：植物展览，同学互相学习，评出最佳花卉、最佳植物描述、最佳观察日记等。
任务目的：
1．培养、激发学生对大自然的热爱；
2．尽可能多熟悉、解植物特别是花卉的有关知识；
3．培养学生仔细观察、认真记录的习惯，并注意准确记录；
4．将所学语言和知识用于实践，学以致用；
5．美化、爱护环境。
任务三：生物科学家论坛
活动时间：学完“读前”、“阅读”、“读后”、“综合技能”之后
语言知识要求：本单元有关词汇
语言技能要求：读、写、说、听
活动形式：
1小组活动：以4-6人为一小组，讨论确定将要介绍的生物科学家。
2．个人活动：分工搜索、重组材料(有条件的学校可以要求学生利用网络搜寻资料并将材料根据需要以Powerpoint形式或网络形式制成课件)。要求学生在语言运用上突出重点，充分利用本单元的语言。
3．小组活动：小组成员之间介绍、交流自己搜寻的材料，整合所有有用信息。
4．班级活动：小组同学以论坛形式向全班同学演示、介绍该生物科学家，班级将各组的资料做成墙报进行展示(也可以在网上共享)，并评出最佳作品。
任务目的：
1．加强学生的探究意识，提高学生有目的地搜索信息和加工信息的能力；
2．了解、熟悉更多的生物科学家，学习他们的科学精神；
3．运用、巩固有关语言知识，提高学生的思辩能力。
评价工具(选票)
Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4
They cooperated well．
They used what they had learnt recently．
Their introduction was meaningful and informative．
They used proper aids in their presentation．
They wrote the introduction by themselves and the language is good．
(二)热身(Warming up)
本单元的话题是“绿色世界”，主要谈论的是植物学这一学科。学生对这一话题并不陌生，但是也不会懂得很多。建议教学活动如下：
1．T：What is the green world? What can we see in the green World?
Ss：We can see a lot of trees，plants，flowers， vegetables and etc．
2．How many trees do you know? 教师向学生展示有关树的图片。
How many flowers do you know? Can you name some?(Ss can name the flowers in Chinese if they don’t know the English for the flowers．)教师向学生展示有关花的图片，并逐个讨论。
如：
What is the name of the flower?
Where does it usually grow?
What is it used for?
Does it have any special meaning? What is it?
Can you describe it?
What is your favourite flower? Why?
教师和学生一起讨论有关花卉知识，并呈现有关花卉的词汇。然后完成课本练习。
(注意：下列材料仅供参考：)
Flowers come in many different colours，shapes and sizes．Flowers like tulips and roses are big and showy，but grass and oak tree flowers are tiny and often difficult to see．Flowers grow on garden plants，on shrubs，on trees and even on grasses．They contain the parts that make seeds．The seeds will grow into new plants．So flowers help to make more plants of the same kind．
Blossoms Many trees have attractive colourful flowers，or blossoms．The blossoms of fruit trees，such as cherry，apple and pear, develop into fruits，which contain the trees’seeds．
Colour and scent Some flowers，like poppies，are brightly coloured. Hyacinths and roses are colourful and have a sweet smell，Flowers which bloom early in the year, such as snowdrops and daffodils，are mostly white or yellow．Sunflowers are always yellow in colour, but other flowers，like chrysanthemums，can be yellow． orange，blue，red，and many other colours，too．
Hidden flowers The flowers of grass and sedge plants can be difficult to see．They are often the same colour as the plants，leaves and steins Some trees，such as willow and poplar trees，grow plain-looking flowers called catkins They hang down from the tree in small clusters
(三)听力(Listening)
热身活动之后，相信学生对花卉有了初步的了解。听力的内容是有关“水果”的话题，因此，教学活动可以紧接着进行。建议教学开展“听前”、“听录音”和“听后”活动。
1．听前活动：师生讨论
T：Now you have some knowledge of flowers The green world includes flowers，vegetables and fruits．Do you like fruits? What do you know about them? What kinds of fruit do you know? (教师可以出示各种水果图片，学生讨论水果有关知识)
学生小组讨论：
1)names of the fruits；
2)kinds of the fruits；
3)ways to put different kinds of fruit into groups；
4) why people need to eat fruit．
班级讨论：小组向全班同学展示刚才讨论内容。
2．听录音，完成第4、5练习。
3．听后活动：学生根据听前讨论内容和录音材料，谈谈水果方面的有关内容，也可以作为课后书面作业，写在作业本上。
(四)口语(Speaking)
口语活动的教学目标可以从以下三个方面考虑：1．语言目标--学会如何叙述做事步骤。如： First(ly)．second(ly)，After that，At last等。2．知识目标--会谈论如何种植花草、蔬菜等绿色植物。3．技能目标--学会种植一种绿色植物，培养自己动手、策划和探究能力。
建议教学开展以下活动：
1．师生讨论：
T：Do you have pots of plants in your home?
What is it?
Who usually looks after it?
Have you ever planted or grown any flowers or vegetables? Do you know how?
教师也可以事先准备一棵植物，与学生一起讨论：
T：Do you know what it is? Do you know how to plant (look after) it?
2．生生讨论：2-3人一组，其中一个记录。如：
S1：What have you grown?／What would you like to grow?
How would you take care of it?
I water it regularly…
S2：I have a pot of flowers in my home．It is called chrysanthemum．I planted it last spring．I know how to grow it．Firstly，…
S3：I have planted a pot of cymbidium．First…．
3．班级活动：全班同学讨论、讲述如何种植花卉或蔬菜体会，例如：It is a good idea to… Firstly， we…Secondly，we…学生在叙述做事步骤时，再一次运用firstly，secondly，thirdly，then等词进行描述。然后完成课本练习2和练习3。
也可以参照任务二。
(五)读前(Pre-reading)
为了更好地理解课文，教师可以在读前做一些适当的铺垫。如教师可以呈现植物、水果图片或实物，引导学生进入植物的世界。
T：What's this? (What are these?)
What are they used for?
Where are they from?
Can you classify them into groups?
What do we call the persons doing the research on the plants? (botanists)
Do you know any botanists?
How do scientists classify them now? How did they classify them in the past?
How was the science of botany born?
然后自然过渡到阅读课文。
(六)阅读(Reading)
本阅读篇章的目标为：
1．使学生了解植物学这一学科的形成，并了解一个学科的形成需要经过漫长的时间及几代科学家的努力和奋斗。
2．使学生了解科学家为科学事业所作的努力及其奋斗精神。
3．培养学生捕捉细节、分析主题最终提高阅读的能力。
针对这些教学目标，建议进行如下教学活动：
1．解读标题The Birth of a Science。由于有了读前的过渡、铺垫，学生容易理解本文标题。
2．疏通课文，捕捉细节。
Scientists Achievements and contributions
Carl Linnaeus He developed the system how to classify plants into groups His system conquered the world.
Daniel Solander
Linnaeus’student, travelled to England to promote the new system and travelled on the Endeavor with Joseph Banks．
Joseph Banks
rich．but made his career in science，He made his first journey to study wild plants in 1766． His second expedition was the great voyage with James Cook to the Oceania．He supplied about 10,000 pounds．His three-year voyage achieved a lot on botany He not only studied and described the new plants he found but also looked out for new economic species After his return．he helped develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the great botanical gardens in the world and made it a center of scientific and economic research．
(有关这三位科学家的参考资料见补充参考资料)
3．深层理解、归纳课文。
Do you think it is easy to have a science born?
What is the main idea of the text?
4．升华主题。
What is important in their scientific work?
What can we learn from these scientists?
(七)读后(Post-reading)
读后练习的目的是加深对阅读的理解，其中问题2、3、4可在阅读过程中处理。然后组织学生讨论：How was the science of botany born? Was it easy?也可以结合任务三，引导学生更多地了解植物学家，进一步激发学生对生命科学的热爱和探索热情。
(八)语言学习(Language study)
1．词汇学习(Word study)
词汇学习的第一个练习让学生根据句子意义，在方框中找出与句子划线部分意义相似的词或短语；第二个练习运用本单元所出现的词汇完成短文填空。建议做练习前，教师在复习课文的同时对本单元出现的词汇以听写、造句，编故事等形式先做一一复习、归纳，然后让学生自己完成这两个练习。
2．语法(Grammar)
语法部分复习宾语从句。鼓励学生进行探素性学习，自己进行分析归纳。
(九)综合技能(Integrating skills)
综合技能的阅读部分主要介绍了达尔文及另外两位科学家格雷戈门德尔，约特杜尔松关于物种的研究和他们的成粜。达尔文参加“小猎犬号”船队远征，完成了科学巨著《物种起源》。在加拉帕戈斯群岛，他发现了几百种不被世人知晓的新植物，并发现植物与动物物种一样起源于不同的居住地和不同的食物源，同时还找到了解释不同物种之间差异的答案；19世纪40-50年代，门德尔酷爱大自然，做了大量的花草实验，发现植物的特性代代相传，并不受环境影响，他的研究使植物遗传学诞生；1922年，杜尔松找到证据，表明由于各地的气候条件、土壤状况不同，同一物种的植物也会产生差异。三位科学家的研究表明遗传和环境对植物有着极其重要的影响。
教师可以让学生细读课文，完成下列表格。
Names of the scientists
When and where
Achievements
写作部分可以让学生结合所学课文，通过仔细观察，以及根据课文提供的写作提要完成作文。可采用生生互动及师生互动参与评价。
评价工具：
三、教学评价建议
(一)非测试评价根据自己的实际情况回答下列向题，并存入个人学习档案：
The things I can do Evaluation
I have learned more about green world． 5 4 3 2 1
I can describe the green world now． 5 4 3 2 1
I can observe the world around us carefully now． 5 4 3 2 1
I can take a right attitude while learning and working． 5 4 3 2 l
I can talk about things in a proper procedure． 5 4 3 2 1
I can use object correctly． 5 4 3 2 1
I can write all essay by observing． 5 4 3 2 1
(二)测试性评价
1．Fill in the blanks with the following words，using their proper forms．
1．The Labour’s Day is coming，we will celebrate it on a large __________．
2．The books in the library are __________ according to subject.
3．The strike __________ many unemployed people．
4. He worked hard and was __________ to manager in the company
5．It is __________ that you attend the meeting．as you are supposed to make a speech there．
6．She __________ to be sent to prison
7. He hired a plane．regardless of __________．
8. The __________ of money．knowledge and experience is important in our career．
9．One can not __________ happiness and wealth．
10．A $ 100 __________ has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.
2．Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions．
1．He is eager to learn．Namely， he shows an appetite __________ knowledge．
2．She is called Rose，which is named __________ a flower．
3．Comrade Deng Xiaoping passed __________ in .
4．Joseph Banks was involved __________ enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settle ment of Australia．
5．They fell in love __________ first sight．
答案：
1
1 scale 2 classified 3 involved
4 promoted 5 essential 6 deserved
7 expense 8 accumulation
9 identify 10 reward
2
1 for 2 after 3 away 4 in 5 at
篇5：人教版高三英语（必修）第三册Unit 14 Zoology备课
Unit 14 Zoology教案（教师版）
第一部分课文理解
Warming up
Read the following proverbs and then match the Chinese meaning of each proverb.
一贫如洗 回家生闷气 饥肠辘辘 勿惹事生非 不要过早打如意算盘
披着羊皮的狼 一燕不成夏 拦路虎 把好人与坏人分开 亡羊补牢
班门弄斧 倾盆大雨 蠢得像头猪 江山易改，本性难移
人靠衣装，佛靠金装 小时偷针，大时偷金 潜移默化 爱屋及乌
1.To teach a fish how to swim．班门弄斧
2.The sparrow near a school sings the primer．潜移默化
3.Love me, love my dog 爱屋及乌
4.Look the barn door after the horse is stolen．亡羊补牢
5.He that will steal a pin will steal an ox．小时偷针，大时偷金
6.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch．不要过早打如意算盘
7.as poor as a church mouse一贫如洗
8. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿惹事生非
9.I'm SO hungry that I could eat a horse．饥肠辘辘
10.Go home and kick the dog．回家生闷气
11.Separate the sheep from the goats．把好人与坏人分开
12.A lion in the way．拦路虎
13.One swallow doesn’t make a summer．一燕不成夏
14.A wolf in sheep’s clothing．披着羊皮的狼
15.Fine feathers make fine birds．人靠衣装，佛靠金装
16.You can’t make a crab walk straight．江山易改，本性难移
17.It rains cats and dogs．倾盆大雨
18.as stupid as a goose．蠢得像头猪
Read the text and then match the general idea of each paragraph.
Para 1 1.The circle dance
Para 2 2.A brief introduction of the bee
Para 3 3. Whether bees could tell each other the exact position.
Para 4 4. The wagging dance.
Para 5 5. Pro. Karl von Frisch built special hives to study bees.
Para 6 6. The number of wagging dances indicates the exact distance to the feeding place.
Para 7 7. Something about the professor
Para 8 8. “Bee-line” and “ to make a beeline for ”
Key:
Para 1 2.A brief introduction of the bee
Para 2 5. Pro. Karl von Frisch built special hives to study bees.
Para 3 1.The circle dance
Para 4 4. The wagging dance.
Para 5 6. The number of wagging dances indicates the exact distance to the feeding place.
Para 6 3. Whether bees could tell each other the exact position.
Para 7 8.“Bee-line” and “ to make a beeline for ”
Para 8 7.Something about the professor
Read the passage carefully and then do the following exercises
Para.1
①Q: Why is it the honey-bee that has interested scientists most?
Because of the language they use to communicate with each other.
②You can find out the topic sentence of the text simply in para.1 from ____.
A.the first sentence B. the second sentence C.The fifth sentence D. the last sentence
③The scientists can study the language of honey bees only after the development of ____.
A.the modern beehive B.experiments C.dishes of honey D.both A and B
Para.2
①Karl von Frisch made an experiment to research ____.
A.the food of honey bees B.the dance of honey bees
C.the ways honey bees communicate D. The hive of honey bees
②The phrase “tell the bees apart” in para.2 means____.
A.let the bees live separately B.tell one bee from the other
C.drive the bees away D.tear the bees into pieces
③Which of the following statements is right?
A.Animals do have a language like that of human beings.
B.When Professor Karl von Frisch placed little dishes of milk on the table, bees soon came.
C.In order to be able to watch the bees scientifically, he built some special hive, a glass wall and marked the bees with little spots of colour.
D.When a marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table, it began to perform a dance on the surface of the ground.
④What was Professor von Frisch puzzled by?
When he placed little dishes of honey on a table, bees soon came. As soon as one bee discovered the honey, many more came to it one after another in a short time.
Para.3-4
① The Language of Honey Bees
Dance
A circle dance A wagging dance
Food is near. Food is far away.
②How did the marked bee tell the message of food to the other bees? Give the follows in right order.
a.The marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table.
b.It repeated these circles over and over again. c.The marked bee made a circle to the left.
d The marked bee made a circle to the right. e.The other excited bees dance together.
f.The bees left the hive and went to the feeding place.
A.abcefd B.cadefb C.adcbef D. dacebf
③Different dance indicate different ____.
A.food B.feeding places C.steps D.semicircles
④The circle dance communicates ____.
a.the distance of food b.the information of food
c.the amount of food d.the kind of food
A.abc B. abd C.ab D.bc
⑤Can you describe how the circle dance performed? And how the wagging dance performed?
the wagging dance
The dancer ran in a straight line, wagging from side to side. Then it turned in a semicircle, ran straight again, and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side. It kept the “steps” over and over.
the circle dance
First it made a circle to the right, then to the left. It repeated these circles over and over again. Then the surrounding bees trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movements.
Para 5
①What did the scientists discover?
They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.
②What a maximum distance do the bees fly?
Bees fly a maximum distance of 3.2 kilometres between their hive and a feeding place.
③The phrase“come to light”in Paragraph 5 means______.
A.become known B.come to a bright place C.turn bright D.both A and B
④The number of the wagging dances per minute told______.
A.the position of the feeding place B.the amount of the food
C.the distance of the feeding place D.all the information about food
Para 7
What does “bee-line” mean ?
straight line; the shortest distance between two places
Para.8
①According to the this passage please give the information about Karl von Frisch
Nationality: ____________ Austrian
What’s he? ________________ zoologist/scientist
Research work: _________________ the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.
How to find it out: _________________ by doing experiments
His discovery: ______________________ circle dance & wagging dance
Prize:_____________________________won the 1973 Nobel Prize in physiology(生理学) or medicine.
②.After reading the text, you can infer the writer is likely to write about ____ in the next para.
A.Whether the circle dance told them what food was in feeding place
B.Whether the bees can tell one colour from the other
C.Whether the wagging dance tell the bees the distance and the direction of the food
D.Whether the language of honey bees is the most useful language of all animals
③Which of the statements is possible according to the last paragraph?
A.We human beings can communicate as honeybees do.
B.We human beings can go as quickly as honeybees.
C.We human beings can come to help each other in a fast way.
D.We human beings can learn something from animals’behavior.
根据课文内容填空:
There are many _________(varieties) of bee. Among the different types of bee, it is the honey-bee that has most interested scientists because of the “language” they use to _______________(communicate) with each other. The scientists Von Frisch built special hives to find out how one bee communicate the news of food to the other bees in the hive.
To his _____________(surprise), the bee who found the feeding place began to _________(perform) a dance on the ________ (surface)of the honeycomb. The dance seemed to _______(excite) the surrounding bees. They _________(trooped) behind the first dancer, _________(copying) its movements. Then the bees left the hive and went to the _______ (feeding)place. He found that the bees did the circling dance when the food is near, and that the bees did the ___________(wagging) dance when the food was far away. He also found that the number of wagging dances per _________(minute) told how far away the food was.
第二部分语言点
课文前面部分
1.A small animal that helps the police get hold of thieves.
一种能帮助警察捉贼的动物。
get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”
get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”
He took hold of the rope and pulled. 他抓住绳子用力拉。
I need to get hold of some money quickly.我需要马上就能有点钱
hold a conversation/meeting 进行交谈/开会 hold the line = hold on 别挂电话
hold … back 阻止… hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
2.An animal that isn’t telling the truth. 一种会撒谎的动物。
tell the truth“说实话”的意思，tell的相关类似短语有：
tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒谎 tell a story 讲故事
3. You are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo。
你将听到对一位在动物园工作的妇女的采访报道。
interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。
interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。
The film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding.这位影星同意在婚礼后接受采访。
Your interview for the job is tomorrow你的求职面试定在明天
interview “采访”,要区别与cover的用法。interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.但cover只能说cover sth.
A reporter interviewed the prime minister.一位记者采访了首相。
She’s being interviewed for the job.她正在接受求职面试。
They sent a great many reporters to cover the conference
他们派遣了很多记者报道这次会议。
cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用……遮盖；覆盖”“占有…（面积）;掩饰”
“涉及…（内容）”等含义。请学习下面例句中cover 一词的各种用法
Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean.
由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。
He tried to cover (up)his mistake. 他想掩盖他的错误。
He said he could cover the distance on foot in two hours. 他说这段路程两个小时能走完
How many pages have you covered? 你读了多少页了？
What are the main points you’re going to cover in your talk ? 你的报告主要涉及哪些内容。
We have only just covered our expenses. 我们所收入的仅够开支而已。
cover作名词，作“盖子”、“封面”解。
When the water boils, take the cover. 当水开的时候,把盖子揭开.
The book needs a new cover . 这书需要装个新封面.
4.What’s the problem with the animals at the zoo? 动物园里的动物有什么问题？
What’s the problem with…=What’s the trouble with…=What’s the matter with…
=What's your problem?=What's wrong with you? 都用来询问“…（你）怎么回事？”
5.The two teams take turns speaking. 两支队伍轮流发言。
take turns doing sth. “轮流干…”，turn是名词。
复习turn的用法
作名词用
It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
It's your turn to make a decision.该你来做出决定了。
turn one’s turn to do sth=do sth in turn=do sth by turns
作名词用：转动,转向,翻转
turn right/left=turn to the right/left
turn to sth./sb.(for help) turn to page 84
作系动词用：变得……
turn green/yellow 变绿/黄了
Ten years later，he turned teacher.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
注: 此题考查turn作连系动词的特殊用法,即turn作连系动词时后接表语名词，省略冠词.所以此题的答案为A.如果turn 后加into 则须在名词前加冠词a.
固定词组:
turn against背叛 turn down 关小/拒绝
turn from side to side 把身体转来转去 turn in 上交
turn...into... (使……)成为…… turn off(水源、煤气、电灯等)/避开(问题等)
turn on 开(水、煤气、 电灯、无线电等)/对……发怒
turn on the radio turn out结果是/证明是/生产出
turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安
turn up 开大/出现/找到/证明是(=turn out to be)
6.When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate.
当所有队伍都准备好以后,老师就开始为辩论计时.
time是动词，＂计时＂的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂
How long can you hold your breath underwater ? Take a deep breath and I’ll time you .
你在水下能潜多久呢？深呼吸一下，我给你计时。
He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark .
他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达旅馆。
He tried to time his steps to the music.他尽力与音乐合节拍。
课文部分
1.Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.奥地利科学家卡尔冯弗里希教授，一生中花去了许多岁月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎样巧妙的方式传递信息的。
amaze vt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶：
He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。
amazing “令人惊异的”；在西方人的口中，表示惊讶，经常可以听到amazing这个词。如果有些事情发生得出乎意料，难以置信，也可以用amazing来形容。
You’re amazing. 你真了不起。
It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.
那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。
有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazing things.
I am always looking for new and amazing items.我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。
amazed 使（某人）感到惊奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。
He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。
We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is.
北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。
2.In order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour. 为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑．
tell...apart 识别，辨别 (复习)
Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart? For they look so alike.你能区别开简和露丝吗?她们长得太像了。
tell A from B 把A与B区别开
Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能把汤姆和他的双胞胎哥哥区别开吗？
It’s difficult for us to tell Lily from Lucy. 我们很难区分开莉莉和露丝。
3.They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement.
它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作。troop
①n.一群，大量
A troop of children went into the Museum.一群学生走进了博物馆。
troops of visitors 一群一群的访问者
troops 军队，部队
The local people demanded the withdrawal of the foreign country troops.
当地的人们要求外国军队撤离。
②vi.集合，群集；成群地涌向，结队而行
Children trooped out of /into the hall after the lecture.演讲结束后，孩子们成群地走出了/进教室。
4.over and over again=again and again=time and time again=over and over一再地，经常地，重复地
The old man always thinks of his happy old days over and over again.
这位老人总是一次又一次地回忆起以前的美好时光。
5. One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.
一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外.
beyond prep（复习）
①在……那边，越过（场所）
The house is beyond the bridge.房屋在桥的那边。
I can not see anything beyond the river because of the fog
由于雾，河的那边我什么也看不见。
②（指时间）超出，晚于
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock.不要在外边停留到10点钟还不回家。
③超出，为……所不能及（程度）
Your work is beyond all praise你的作品真让人赞扬不尽。
He lives beyond his income 。他的生活入不敷出。
beyond one’s control 无法控制；无法管理
The watch is beyond repair . 手表无法修理了
This problem is far beyond me /my comprehension 这个问题超出了我的能力/理解力
6.come to light 发现，暴露
Much more new evidence has come to light，so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
新的证据不断发现，所以法官不得不判这人死刑。
When the old woman died，it came to light that she was actually very rich.
老太太死后，人们发现她其实很富有。
7.compare A with B 把A与B比较一下（复习）
Compare British English with American English，and you can tell the differences between them.
把美国英语与英国英语比较一下，你就会发现它们之间的不同点。
compare A to B把A比作B
Poets have compared sleep to death.诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
compared to...=compared with...与……比起来
Compared to/with the earth，the sun is much bigger.与地球比起来，太阳要大得多。
8.come up
①前进，进来
My mother came up to me and held my hands tightly.母亲走向前紧紧地抓住我的手。
②上升
The sun came up at that time.那时太阳已升起来了。
He has stayed underwater for 2 minutes，but he hasn’t come up yet.
他在水下呆了2分钟了，还没上来。
③长出，发芽
These seeds haven’t come up yet.这些种子还没有发芽。
④被提出讨论
The question came up at the meeting yesterday.这个问题在昨天的会议上被提出来了。
⑤与come有关的短语：
come about发生； come across 碰见，受欢迎； come at袭击；
come down下降，流传 come out with 说出，透漏； come to oneself苏醒
9.include vt.（复习）
包括，包含
Your duty includes putting the baby to the bed.你的职责包括让孩子上床睡觉。
There are five chapters in this book，including two chapters written by our teacher.
这本书有5章，包括由我们老师写的两章。
Everyone will go to the cinema，Lao Xiao included.每个人都要去电影院，包括老肖。
10.transparent adj.
①透明的;清澈的 。
②显而易见的;一目了然的[+that]
It was transparent that her pride was hurt.很显然,她的自尊心受到了伤害。
③坦率的,光明正大的
He is a man of transparent sincerity. 他是一个坦率诚恳的人。
11.surrounding n. 环境;周围的事物[P]
He didn’t pay much attention to his surroundings. 他没有多注意他周围的环境。
adj. 周围的;附近的
Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside. 狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。
12.apparent
①adj 表面的,外观的;未必真实的
The apparent cause of his illness was excessive drinking, but the real cause was his deep grief at his
wife’s death. 他生病的表面原因是饮酒过度,但实际原因是丧妻之痛。
②明显的,显而易见的;明白无误的 [(+to)][+that]
It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。
13.So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。
come to light 暴露,真相大白
The scandal came to light when the politician was seen with the lady.
当有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起时,真相就大白了。
A political scandal has recently come to light.
最近一桩政治丑闻暴露出来
14.maximum （反minimum）
① n.最大量,最大数,最大限度[C][(+of)]
Our goal is to achieve the maximum of efficiency.
我们的目标是取得最高的效率。
②顶点;(法定的)最高极限;(公路行车的)最高速[the S][(+of)]
Drivers must not exceed a maximum of 55 miles an hour.
司机不得超过每小时五十五英里的最大时速。
③adj. 最大的;最多的;最高的;顶点的
The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour.
这辆车的最大时速为一百五十英里。
15.precise adj.
①精确的;准确的;确切的；丝毫不差的；恰好的
I can’t give you a precise date. 我无法告诉你确切的日期。
at the precious moment 正在那时
②明确的;清晰的
His instructions were not very precise. 他的指示不太明确。
③严格的;细致的
We had precise orders to come home by nine o’clock. 我们得到严格的命令须于九点前回家。
④刻板的,拘泥的
He was very precise in his manners. 他的一言一行都有板有眼。
16.adequate
①adj.能满足需要(量)的,足够的[(+for)][+to-v]
Martin thought that he had no adequate proof.马丁认为他没有充足的证据。
Is your salary adequate to support your family ?你的薪水足够养家吗？
②适当的；适当的[(+to/for)对于…]（不置于名词前）
a solution adequate to the problem 适合这个问题的解决方法
③胜任的 [(+to)]
She proved adequate to the job. 事实证明她能胜任此项工作。
④尚可的,差强人意的
That hotel is merely adequate. 那家旅馆只能说是差强人意。
17.clarify vt.
①澄清;阐明
His explanation clarified the mystery. 他的说明解开了这个谜。
②净化
It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities. 净化城市的污水需要我们很大的努力。
③使清楚,使清醒
My mind was clarified on this issue. 对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。
18.changeable adj.
①易变的;不定的
His temper’s been changeable this week, so don’t annoy him.
这星期他脾气变化无常,所以不要惹他生气。
②可改变的,可能被改变的
③闪光的;闪色的
changeable silk 闪光丝绸
19.adaptation n.
①适应,适合[U]
He made a quick adaptation to the new environment. 他很快适应了新的环境。
②改编,改写[U];改写本 [C]
This play is an adaptation of a novel. 这一剧本是由小说改编的。
20.Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information.
冯弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远. assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定；
①assume that…
We assumed that you understood the situation.我们认为，你了解形势。
②assume +名词+（to be）+名[形] .
I assumed him to be an honest man。我认为他是个诚实的人。
③assuming和given,supposing，provided/providing（that）等词一样都可以引导状语作用相当于if.
Supposing your father saw you playing computer games , what would he say?
=if your father saw ……
Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a good harvest
假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。
Given that it doesn’t rain tomorrow，I will go camping.如果明天不下雨，我就会去野营
另：assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的
④assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的：
an assumed cheerfulness伪装的高兴 an assumed result假定的结果，
His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。
⑤assumption假定，假想
I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天来。
My assumption that he had passed the exam was wrong . 我本以为他已通过了考试，结果我错了。
21.He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red. 他给所有来到近的喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色，给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色。faraway(远方的)是由 far ＋ away构成的合成形容词。
nearby(附近的)是由 near ＋by构成的合成形容词。它们在句中都作定语。
a faraway forest远处的森林 faraway times遥远的时代
a nearby hotel附近的一家旅店 nearby hills附近的小山
注意：faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(far away)。如：
The house is not far away. 那座房子并不远。
He lives far away from the school. 他住得离学校很远。
nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(near by)，还可以加连字符(near-by)。
I saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 我看到她午饭前去附近的信箱投信。
They live nearby----less than a kilometer. 他们住在附近，不到一公里。
He gave up his seat to the old man standing near by.他把座位让给站在附近的老人了。
Unit 14 Zoology学案
第一部分课文理解
Warming up
Read the following proverbs and then match the Chinese meaning of each proverb.
一贫如洗 回家生闷气 饥肠辘辘 勿惹事生非 不要过早打如意算盘
披着羊皮的狼 一燕不成夏 拦路虎 把好人与坏人分开 亡羊补牢
班门弄斧 倾盆大雨 蠢得像头猪 江山易改，本性难移
人靠衣装，佛靠金装 小时偷针，大时偷金 潜移默化 爱屋及乌
1.To teach a fish how to swim．
2.The sparrow near a school sings the primer．
3.Love me, love my dog
4.Look the barn door after the horse is stolen．
5.He that will steal a pin will steal an ox．
6.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch．
7.as poor as a church mouse
8. Let sleeping dogs lie.
9.I'm SO hungry that I could eat a horse．
10.Go home and kick the dog．
11.Separate the sheep from the goats．
12.A lion in the way．
13.One swallow doesn’t make a summer
14.A wolf in sheep’s clothing．
15.Fine feathers make fine birds．
16.You can’t make a crab walk straight．
17.It rains cats and dogs．
18.as stupid as a goose．
Read the text and then match the general idea of each paragraph.
Para 1 1.The circle dance
Para 2 2.A brief introduction of the bee
Para 3 3. Whether bees could tell each other the exact position.
Para 4 4. The wagging dance.
Para 5 5. Pro. Karl von Frisch built special hives to study bees.
Para 6 6. The number of wagging dances indicates the exact distance to the feeding place.
Para 7 7. Something about the professor
Para 8 8. “Bee-line” and “ to make a beeline for ”
Read the passage carefully and then do the following exercises
Para.1
①Q: Why is it the honey-bee that has interested scientists most?
Because of the language they use to communicate with each other.
②You can find out the topic sentence of the text simply in para.1 from ____.
A.the first sentence B. the second sentence C.The fifth sentence D. the last sentence
③The scientists can study the language of honey bees only after the development of ____.
A.the modern beehive B.experiments C.dishes of honey D.both A and B
Para.2
①Karl von Frisch made an experiment to research ____.
A.the food of honey bees B.the dance of honey bees
C.the ways honey bees communicate D. The hive of honey bees
②The phrase “tell the bees apart” in para.2 means____.
A.let the bees live separately B.tell one bee from the other
C.drive the bees away D.tear the bees into pieces
③Which of the following statements is right?
A.Animals do have a language like that of human beings.
B.When Professor Karl von Frisch placed little dishes of milk on the table, bees soon came.
C.In order to be able to watch the bees scientifically, he built some special hive, a glass wall and marked the bees with little spots of colour.
D.When a marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table, it began to perform a dance on the surface of the ground.
④What was Professor von Frisch puzzled by?
When he placed little dishes of honey on a table, bees soon came. As soon as one bee discovered the honey, many more came to it one after another in a short time.
Para.3-4
① The Language of Honey Bees
. .
②How did the marked bee tell the message of food to the other bees? Give the follows in right order.
a.The marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table.
b.It repeated these circles over and over again. c.The marked bee made a circle to the left.
d The marked bee made a circle to the right. e.The other excited bees dance together.
f.The bees left the hive and went to the feeding place.
A.abcefd B.cadefb C.adcbef D. dacebf
③Different dance indicate different ____.
A.food B.feeding places C.steps D.semicircles
④The circle dance communicates ____.
a.the distance of food b.the information of food
c.the amount of food d.the kind of food
A.abc B. abd C.ab D.bc
⑤Can you describe how the circle dance performed? And how the wagging dance performed?
.
.
Para 5
①What did the scientists discover?
They discovered that the feeding station was, the dance was.
②What a maximum distance do the bees fly?
Bees between their hive and a feeding place.
③The phrase“come to light”in Paragraph 5 means______.
A.become known B.come to a bright place C.turn bright D.both A and B
④The number of the wagging dances per minute told______.
A.the position of the feeding place B.the amount of the food
C.the distance of the feeding place D.all the information about food
Para 7
What does “bee-line” mean ?
Para.8
①According to the this passage please give the information about Karl von Frisch
Nationality: ___________ _
What’s he? ________________
Research work: _________________
How to find it out: _________________
His discovery: ______________________
Prize:_____________________________
②.After reading the text, you can infer the writer is likely to write about ____ in the next para.
A.Whether the circle dance told them what food was in feeding place
B.Whether the bees can tell one colour from the other
C.Whether the wagging dance tell the bees the distance and the direction of the food
D.Whether the language of honey bees is the most useful language of all animals
③Which of the statements is possible according to the last paragraph?
A.We human beings can communicate as honeybees do.
B.We human beings can go as quickly as honeybees.
C.We human beings can come to help each other in a fast way.
D.We human beings can learn something from animals’behavior.
根据课文内容填空:
There are many _________of bee. Among the different types of bee, it is the honey-bee that has most interested scientists because of the “language” they use to ____________ with each other. The scientists Von Frisch built special hives to find out how one bee communicate the news of food to the other bees in the hive.
To his _____________, the bee who found the feeding place began to _________ a dance on the ________of the honeycomb. The dance seemed to _______ the surrounding bees. They _________behind the first dancer, _________ its movements. Then the bees left the hive and went to the _______ place. He found that the bees did the circling dance when the food is near, and that the bees did the __________dance when the food was far away. He also found that the number of wagging dances per ________ told how far away the food was.
第二部分语言点
课文前面部分
1.A small animal that helps the police get hold of thieves.
一种能帮助警察捉贼的动物。
get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”
get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”
He and pulled. 他抓住绳子用力拉。
.我需要马上就能有点钱
hold a conversation/meeting hold the line = hold on
hold … back hold one’s breath
2.An animal that isn’t telling the truth. 一种会撒谎的动物。
tell the truth“说实话”的意思，tell的相关类似短语有：
tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒谎 tell a story 讲故事
3. You are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo。
你将听到对一位在动物园工作的妇女的采访报道。
interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。
interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。
The film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding. 。
Your interview for the job is tomorrow你的 定在明天
interview “采访”,要区别与cover的用法。interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.但cover只能说cover sth.
A reporter interviewed the prime minister. 。
She’s for the job.她正在接受求职面试。
They sent a great many reporters .
他们派遣了很多记者报道这次会议。
cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用……遮盖；覆盖”“占有…（面积）;掩饰”
“涉及…（内容）”等含义。请学习下面例句中cover 一词的各种用法
Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean.
由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。
He tried to cover (up)his mistake. 他想掩盖他的错误。
He said he could cover the distance on foot in two hours. 他说这段路程两个小时能走完
How many pages have you covered? 你读了多少页了？
What are the main points you’re going to cover in your talk ? 你的报告主要涉及哪些内容。
We have only just covered our expenses. 我们所收入的仅够开支而已。
cover作名词，作“盖子”、“封面”解。
When the water boils, take the cover. 当水开的时候,把盖子揭开.
The book needs a new cover . 这书需要装个新封面.
4.What’s the problem with the animals at the zoo? 动物园里的动物有什么问题？
What’s the problem with…= …= …
= ?= ? 都用来询问“…（你）怎么回事？”
5.The two teams take turns speaking. 两支队伍轮流发言。
take turns doing sth. “轮流干…”，turn是名词。
复习turn的用法
作名词用
It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
.该你来做出决定了。
turn one’s turn to do sth=do sth in turn=do sth by turns
作名词用：转动,转向,翻转
turn right/left=
turn to sth./sb.(for help) turn to page 84
作系动词用：变得……
turn green/yellow 变绿/黄了
Ten years later，he turned teacher.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
固定词组:
背叛 关小/拒绝
turn from side to side 把身体转来转去 上交
... (使……)成为…… (水源、煤气、电灯等)/避开(问题等)
开(水、煤气、 电灯、无线电等)/对……发怒
turn on the radio turn out
(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安
开大/出现/找到/证明是(=turn out to be)
6.When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate.
当所有队伍都准备好以后,老师就开始为辩论计时.
time是动词，＂计时＂的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂
How long can you hold your breath underwater ? .
你在水下能潜多久呢？深呼吸一下，我给你计时。
He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark .
他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达旅馆。
He tried to time his steps to the music. 。
课文部分
1.Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.奥地利科学家卡尔冯弗里希教授，一生中花去了许多岁月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎样巧妙的方式传递信息的。
amaze vt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶：
.令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。
amazing “令人惊异的”；在西方人的口中，表示惊讶，经常可以听到amazing这个词。如果有些事情发生得出乎意料，难以置信，也可以用amazing来形容。
You’re amazing. 。
that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.
那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。
有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazing things.
I am always looking for new and amazing items.我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。
amazed 使（某人）感到惊奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。
He all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。
. I can’t even find where my old house is.
北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。
2.In order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour. 为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑．
tell...apart 识别，辨别 (复习)
? For they look so alike.你能区别开简和露丝吗?她们长得太像了。
tell A from B 把A与B区别开
? 你能把汤姆和他的双胞胎哥哥区别开吗？
. 我们很难区分开莉莉和露丝。
3.They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement.
它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作。troop
①n.一群，大量
children went into the Museum.一群学生走进了博物馆。
troops of visitors 一群一群的访问者
troops 军队，部队
The local people demanded the withdrawal of the foreign country troops.
。
②vi.集合，群集；成群地涌向，结队而行
Children after the lecture.演讲结束后，孩子们成群地走出了/进教室。
4.over and over again=again and again=time and time again=over and over一再地，经常地，重复地
The old man always .
这位老人总是一次又一次地回忆起以前的美好时光。
5. One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.
一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外.
beyond prep（复习）
①在……那边，越过（场所）
The house is .房屋在桥的那边。
由于雾，河的那边我什么也看不见。
②（指时间）超出，晚于
.不要在外边停留到10点钟还不回家。
③超出，为……所不能及（程度）
Your work is beyond all praise 。
He lives beyond his income 。 。
beyond one’s control
.手表无法修理了
This problem is far beyond me /my comprehension 。
6.come to light 发现，暴露
Much more new evidence has come to light，so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
，所以法官 。
When the old woman died，it came to light that she was actually very rich.
老太太死后， 。
7.compare A with B 把A与B比较一下（复习）
，and you can .
把美国英语与英国英语比较一下，你就会发现它们之间的不同点。
compare A to B把A比作B
.诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
compared to...= ...与……比起来
，the sun is much bigger.与地球比起来，太阳要大得多。
8.come up
①前进，进来
My mother .母亲走向前紧紧地抓住我的手。
②上升
The sun came up at that time. 。
He has stayed underwater for 2 minutes，but he hasn’t come up yet.
他在水下呆了2分钟了，还没上来。
③长出，发芽
.这些种子还没有发芽。
④被提出讨论
.这个问题在昨天的会议上被提出来了。
⑤与come有关的短语：
come about ； come across ； come at袭击；
come down下降，流传 come out with 说出，透漏； come to oneself
9.include vt.（复习）
包括，包含
Your duty includes putting the baby to the bed.你的职责包括让孩子上床睡觉。
There are five chapters in this book， .
这本书有5章，包括由我们老师写的两章。
Everyone will go to the cinema， .每个人都要去电影院，包括老肖。
10.transparent adj.
①透明的;清澈的 。
②显而易见的;一目了然的[+that]
It was transparent that her pride was hurt. 。
③坦率的,光明正大的
He is a man of transparent sincerity. 他是一个坦率诚恳的人。
11.surrounding n. 环境;周围的事物[P]
He didn’t pay much attention to his surroundings. 。
adj. 周围的;附近的
Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside. 。
12.apparent
①adj 表面的,外观的;未必真实的
The apparent cause of his illness was excessive drinking, but the real cause was his deep grief at his
wife’s death. 。
②明显的,显而易见的;明白无误的 [(+to)][+that]
he was in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。
13.So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。
come to light 暴露,真相大白
when the politician was seen with the lady.
当有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起时,真相就大白了。
.
最近一桩政治丑闻暴露出来
14.maximum （反minimum）
① n.最大量,最大数,最大限度[C][(+of)]
Our goal .
我们的目标是取得最高的效率。
②顶点;(法定的)最高极限;(公路行车的)最高速[the S][(+of)]
Drivers must not exceed a maximum of 55 miles an hour.
。
③adj. 最大的;最多的;最高的;顶点的
is 150 miles per hour.
这辆车的最大时速为一百五十英里。
15.precise adj.
①精确的;准确的;确切的；丝毫不差的；恰好的
I can’t give you .我无法告诉你确切的日期。
at the precious moment
②明确的;清晰的
His instructions were not very precise. 。
③严格的;细致的
We had precise orders to come home by nine o’clock. 。
④刻板的,拘泥的
. 他的一言一行都有板有眼。
16.adequate
①adj.能满足需要(量)的,足够的[(+for)][+to-v]
Martin thought .马丁认为他没有充足的证据。
?你的薪水足够养家吗？
②适当的；适当的[(+to/for)对于…]（不置于名词前）
a solution adequate to the problem
③胜任的 [(+to)]
She proved . 事实证明她能胜任此项工作。
④尚可的,差强人意的
That hotel is merely adequate. 。
17.clarify vt.
①澄清;阐明
His explanation clarified the mystery. 。
②净化
It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities. 。
③使清楚,使清醒
My mind on this issue. 对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。
18.changeable adj.
①易变的;不定的
His temper’s been changeable this week, so don’t annoy him.
,所以不要惹他生气。
②可改变的,可能被改变的
③闪光的;闪色的
changeable silk 闪光丝绸
19.adaptation n.
①适应,适合[U]
He the new environment. 他很快适应了新的环境。
②改编,改写[U];改写本 [C]
This play is an adaptation of a novel. 。
20.Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information.
冯弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远. assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定；
①assume that…
.我们认为，你了解形势。
②assume +名词+（to be）+名[形] .
.我认为他是个诚实的人。
③assuming和given,supposing，provided/providing（that）等词一样都可以引导状语作用相当于if.
Supposing your father saw you playing computer games , what would he say?
=if your father saw ……
Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a good harvest
。
Given that it doesn’t rain tomorrow，I will go camping. ，我就会去野营
另：assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的
④assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的：
an assumed cheerfulness 假定的结果，
His look of astonishment was assumed.
⑤assumption假定，假想
I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 。
. 我本以为他已通过了考试，结果我错了。
21.He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red. 他给所有来到近的喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色，给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色。faraway(远方的)是由 far ＋ away构成的合成形容词。
nearby(附近的)是由 near ＋by构成的合成形容词。它们在句中都作定语。
远处的森林 faraway times
附近的一家旅店 nearby hills
注意：faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(far away)。如：
The house is not far away. 那座房子并不远。
He lives far away from the school. 他住得离学校很远。
nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(near by)，还可以加连字符(near-by)。
I saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 。
----less than a kilometer. 他们住在附近，不到一公里。
He gave up his seat to .他把座位让给站在附近的老人了。
Unit14 Zoology授后练习
一、单项填空
1.-I really need to talk to you.______? -Certainly.What’s the matter?
A.Where are you going B.What shall I tell you C.Can you spare me a few minutes D.When are you free
2.-Since you like the fur coat so much，why not buy it? -Well，I can’t afford______coat.
A.that expensive a B.a that expensive C.that an expensive D.an expensive that
3.After a day’s work I was very tired and my legs______.So I didn’t visit you.
A.took over B.gave out C.put off D.set up
4.You can never imagine what great trouble I had______the poor boy who was hurt seriously.
A.help B.to help C.helped D.helping
5.The old man returned to Qingdao，______he left in the 1940s.
A.where B.what C.which D.how
6.-Dick sometimes makes me mad. -______too.I wish he______a little polite.
A.I;is B.I;were C.Me;is D.Me;were
7.The great temple______when I went to visit it last autumn.It must have been open to the visitors now.
A.was rebuilt B.was being rebuilt C.had been rebuilt D.was to rebuild
8.-Was it because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour______you were late again?
-Well，I’m afraid so.
A.when B.that C.why D.how
9.As we know，the sooner coastal populations are______a coming tsunami（海啸），the greater their chances of escaping.
A.used to B.informed with C.warned of D.known about
10.In some countries，______is called “equality”does not really mean equal rights for all the people.
A.which B.that C.what D.who
11.You______pay too much attention to your reading skill，as it is so important.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.won’t
12.Dr. Hans Selye is______member of University of Montreal faculty，and he is now organizing______International Institute of Stress in Montreal.
A.a;the B.a;/ C.the;the D.a;an
13.That voice on the phone was exactly as she ______it would sound.Just exactly like her father’s.
A.dreamed B.had dreamed C.would dream D.was dreamed
14. I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I ______ report it to the police?
A.should B.may C.will D.can
15. You ______ be tired-you’ve only been working for one hour.
A.must not B.won’t C.can’t D.may not
16.-I don’t mind telling you I know. -You ______.I’m not asking you for it.
A.mustn’t B.may not C.can’t D.needn’t
17.-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You ______ her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told
18.Last year he starred in the film ___________ of Bill Cornshaw’s best-selling novel .
A. adaptaion B. adoption C. promotion D. profession
19. There is more than ____________ rain this year, so some parts of the country have been flooded.
A. extra B. plenty C. adequate D. little
20. School in the north tend to be better equipped,__________ those in the south are relatively poor.
A. because B .as C.when D. while
21.What ____________ her apart from the other candidates for the job was that she had a lot of original ideas.
A. pulled B. set C. told D. took
22.With the aid of the most advanced equipment ,new facts about the ancient pyramids in Egypt have recently ________
A.brought to light B.seen the light C. thrown light D. come to light
23. -She’s a lot older than you , is’t you? -Fifteen years, to be ____________
A. frank B. precise C. honest D. fair
24.They believed that these modern paintings____in shanghai Art Gallery were as valuable as these in the museum
A. collect B. collecting C. being collected D. collected
25.At that time we had to make a assumption__________ the disease was nbspreading and take action to stop it.
A. that B. whether C.what D. which
26. - Would you mind going to ____________the kids from school ? -No,_______________
A. fetch; go ahead B. fetch ;not in the least C. take; not at all D. carry ; of course not
27. --Have you had many visitors yet? --No, __________, you are the first .
A. by the way B. as a matter of fact C. as a whole D. in other words
28. --Why didn’t you help the little boy? - Oh, sorry.He struggled to his feet _________I ran over.
A.until B. after C. before D. since
29. A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town , but come in from the _________ countryside.
A. surrounded B. surrounding C. surroundings D. surround
30.It was not until dark__________ he found ___________he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that ;what B. that ;that C.when; what D. when; that
31.It was becoming increasingly ____________ that he could no longer look after himself.
A. disgusting B . changeable C. transparent D. apparent
32.We need’t get ready yet; the guests___________ come for another hour.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1.This is the best way （lead）to success.
2.It’s at the school （name）after the hero that he is studying.
3. （compare）to that book，this one is of great value.
4.Some waste must be thrown into the sea， （depend）on the nature of the waste.
5.The only （remain）question is whether or not we can collect enough money for wildlife.
6.The boy is an （advance）child.
7.Our plane will （fly）over the ocean at this time tomorrow.
8.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not a easy task because technology______（change）so rapidly.
三、句型转换：完成B句，使其与A句意思相同或相近。（每空一词）
1.A.Because there is not enough money，they can’t rebuild the school.
B.There ______not enough money，they can’t rebuild the school.
2.A.The house which belongs to him has been handed down for several generations.
B.The house ______ to him has been handed down for several generations.
3.A.The dances seemed to excite the surrounding bees.
B.The surrounding bees are ______ at the dances.
4.A.After this problem was settled，another came up.
B.After this problem was settled，another ______.
5.A.Many valuable paintings were discovered in the deserted house.
B.Many paintings ______ ______ ______ came to light in the deserted house.
6.A.Following the director，the actors came in one by one.
B.Following the director，the actors came in ______ ______ ______.
7.A.Everyone wants to go along a straight and direct course for success.
B.Everyone wants to______ ______ ______ ______ success.
8.A.If you don’t go to see our former English teacher，I won’t，either.
B.If you don’t go to see our former English teacher，______ ______I.
9.A.He marked all the bees that came to the feeding place blue.
B.All the bees that came to the feeding place ______ ______ ______.
10.A.After the meeting，they set out to solve the problem.
B.After the meeting，they ______ ______ ______ the problem.
四、单句改错：下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。
1.Every time when the baby listens to music，he always begins dancing.
2.As is reported that the storm is on the way.
3.An accident was happened to him when he was on the way to the cinema.
4.It was during the civil war when Mark Twain’s life as a writer began.
5.I have offered a scholarship at the university for my further education.
6.The plan that you put forward to at the meeting is great value.
7.Your second-hand car is similar with his new one.
8.Liu Xiang set about to break the word record at that time.
9.He built a transparent wall through that he could observe what was going on.
10.Now a teacher is often compared with a candle.
参考答案
单项填空
1-5CABDC 6-10 DBBCC 11-15 CABAC 16-20 DDACD 21-25 BDBDA 26-32 BBCBADC
用动词的适当形式填空
1. leading
2. named
3. Compared
4. depending
5. remaining
6. advanced
7. be flying
8. is changing
句型转换
完成B句，使其与A句意思相同或相近。（每空一词）
1. being
2. belonging
3. excited
4 appeared
5. of great value
6. one after another
7. make a beeline for
8. neither will I
9were marked blue
10. set about solving
单句改错
下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。
1. every time为名词短语，在句中起连词作用。 答案：去掉when或when改为that
2. It is reported that 句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。答案：As改为It
3. happen 意思是“发生”，无被动形式。答案：去掉was
4.此处为强调句型。答案：when改为that
5句意为：“我被授予大学奖学金以便继续深造”。答案：have后加been
6 be of great value意思是“具有极大的价值”。答案：is后加of
7. be similar to为固定短语，意思是“和……相似”。答案：with改为to
8set out to do...=set about doing...。答案：about改为out
9.在定语从句中介词后不能跟that引导的定语从句。答案：that改为which
10 compare A with B意思是“A与B相比”。compare A to B意思是“把A比作B”。
with改为to
篇6：人教版（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解
江苏地区全日制普通高级中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解
（江苏省石庄高级中学：秦建华课堂教学用）
Unit 1That must be a record
▲argument
settle an argument about sth解决关于……的争论/争端
start/put forward an argument for against就赞成/反对……展开辩论
argue v.
argue with sb about /over sth
Do what you are told to and don’t argue with me.
argue for/against为（支持）……辩护/反驳
argue a matter out把某事辩个水落石出
argue sb into/out of doing sth=advise sb(not)to do sth
▲conclude vt.推断（推论）出（后跟that-从句）缔结，议定；vi.come to an end结束，终止
The talks were expected to conclude on Sunday.会谈预计星期天结束。
What do you conclude from the facts?从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？
Transactions were concluded on a wide variety of light industrial goods.
多种多样的轻工业产品已经成交。
conclusion n.
come to/draw/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论(from the facts)
jump to conclusion匆忙地/草率地下结论
bring sth to conclusion使……结束
in conclusion总之、总而言之、最后
▲popular
There was a time when this song was very popular. 曾经一度时间这首歌很流行。
She is very popular with her students.
He told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows
---This reference book is no more popular with the students than that one.
---You mean they are both little thought of ?
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved.
And the growing popularity51 of shopping centres led 52 in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。
name姓名；fame卓越，好名声；popularity名气很大，知名度很高
▲hire
hire/employ sb=take on sb.→fire/dismiss sb=give sb.the snack
hire 日常用语，指按工作量计酬来雇佣人手employ指商店或公司长期雇佣人手
rent一般指租住/借房屋，地产租借等
He fired these four workers and he hired ten more workers,because he thinks the four workers are not fit for thei posts.
hire out a bike(to sb)租出
rent a farm/house from an owner
▲fade vt.（使）褪色，（使）凋落；vi.逐渐消失，变微弱，变暗淡
The strong sunlight had faded the curtains.强烈的阳光使窗帘变色。
All memory of his childhood faded from his mind.
他所有的童年记忆逐渐从脑海中消失了。
fade next to逊色于
Successful as he is,he fades next to his brother.
尽管他很成功，但和他兄弟相比还是稍显逊色。
▲diagnose诊断
He was diagnosed with cancer.他被诊断患了癌症。
The book diagnoses our present economic ills.这本书切中了我们现在经济的时弊。
▲curiosity
Curiosity is part of child’s nature好奇是儿童的天性.
Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led Sir Hugh to
write the Guinness Book of World Records……(p.4)
a curiosity shop古玩店
curious感兴趣的，好奇，奇怪
I’m curious to know what she said.我非常想知道她说了什么
She’s always so curious about my work.她总爱打听我的工作。
It’s curious that he didn’t tell you.他没有告诉你实在反常。
▲contact
contact sb和……联系
be in/out of contact with和……保持/失去联系
get in touch with/keep in touch with
make contact with the ship by radio用无线电与船联系
keep track of/lose track of与……保持联系/失去联系
keep track of还有：记录，掌握……的线索，了解……的动态，看清，听清等意思
He could not escape because the police kept track of him.
他逃不了的，警察在注意他的行动
To a scientist,the most important thing is knowing he does not lose track of what he is
doing.对于一个科学家来说，最重要的是他清楚自己在做什么。
Please keep track of every cent you spend.请记录你花掉的每一份钱。
keep an eye on照看；keep faith with对……守信用；keep in mind记住，放在心上
▲account n.账户；解释，说明；vi.说明……的原因
I bought the bike on account.我赊账买了这辆自行车。
We could not go on account of the rain.因为下雨我们不能去。
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
不论什么原因游客都不允许用东西喂动物。
It is a matter of great account.这是一件重要的事情。
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
No one could account for the disappearance of the money.
谁也说不清楚这些钱丢失的原因。
Smokers account for 20 percent of the whole population in the world.
烟民占世界总人口的20%。
▲attempt
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取
▲inspect检查，视察/检阅
The customs officer inspected my passport.海关官员检查了我的护照。
inspect sb/sb’s head for lice检查某人头部有无头虱
The visiting president inspected the troops.来访总统检阅了部队。
examine/investigate/look into
▲confirm vt.证实，确定；确认，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.你的话证实了我的看法。
The King confirmed me in my possession of the land.国王批准我拥有这片土地。
▲set down 放下；写下，记下；规定
Set down your heavy bags and have a rest.
放下你的重包休息一下。
The bus driver set the passengers down here.
公共汽车司机让旅客在此下车。
I will set down the story as it was told to me.
我将按告诉我的把这个故事记下来。
The price limits were set down by the government.
价格限度由政府规定。
set about sth/doing sth开始做/着手做；set aside拔出，把……置于一旁；
set back退步，挫折，阻碍，妨碍，使……倒退；set off出发，启程，引爆，燃放；
set out出发，，着手/开始(to do)，栽（幼苗）；set up建立，开办
▲stand out杰出、突出，显眼、醒目，坚持、不屈服
The road sign is easy to read because the words stand out.
路标容易认，因为上面的字很醒目。
The students agreed that they must stand out against the decision to cut down the trees.
学生门一致同意坚决反对砍伐树木的决定。
stand by在场、支持,stand down退出（竞选）、（士兵）撤下岗,
stand for代表、表示、主张,stand up站起、经久、耐用
▲achieve one’s goal实现目标
I’ll try to achieve my goal of becoming a scientist.实现做科学家的目标
▲in the first place首先、原本、第一
In the first place ,you must think over this plan.首先你必须考虑这个计划。
▲in a row
Please stand in a row.请站成一排。
This is the third Sunday in a row that it’s rained.这是接连着的第三个星期天下雨了。
▲apply for
About 100 people have applied for the position.大约有100人申请了这一职务。
其它词组
1.一本畅销书 答案：a best-seller 2.从那以来 答案：ever since
3.被分类 答案：be put into categories 4.面积达…… 答案：with an area of
5.导致 答案：lead to 6..创一项新纪录 答案：set a new record
▲burst vi. 爆裂，突然发作
It was so cold yesterday that my water-pipes froze and burst.
昨天太冷了，我家的水管都冻裂了。
A rat burst into my room last night.昨天一只耗子窜进了我的房间。
He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.他往气球中充得气太多，结果爆了。
The funny story made the children burst their sides with laughter.
这个有趣的故事使孩子们捧腹大笑。
On hearing the sad news,she burst into tears.一听到那个悲惨的消息，她就大哭起来。
相关短语：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑； burst into song 突然唱起歌来；burst into angry speech大发雷霆； burst into bloom开花； burst into view/sight景象/奇观突然出现； burst into the room突然闯入房间； burst out/forth laughing/crying大笑/哭
▲head down to the park （补充）
head for=move toward:He headed straight for the bar.他径直朝酒吧走去。
head sb/sth off:get in front of sb/sth so as to turn him/it back or aside拦阻
head off a flock of sheep:prevent them from going in the wrong way拦住
▲familiar adj.熟悉的，通晓的，随便的，非正式的
French was as familiar to him as English.他通晓法语就像通晓英语一样。
I’m very familiar with your name.我很熟悉你的名字。
sth./sb.be familiar to sb.某物/某人为某人所熟悉；
sb.be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某人/某物
分析课文中的句子（补充）:The X Games are like Olypic Games for sports that are less familiar to us than sports like fottball and basketball.极限游戏比赛就像奥林匹克运动会上有些不如足球和篮球那样为我们所熟悉的比赛项目一样。
▲delight vt. （使）高兴，（使）欣喜；n. 快乐，高兴
The circus delighted the children.马戏团使孩子们欣喜。
I have read your letter with delight.我高兴地读了你的信。
He takes great delight in teaching his students.他以教他的学生为乐。
Your visit last week delighted us.上星期你的来访使我们很高兴。
The news delighted the whole nation.这个消息使全国一片沸腾。
I delighted to read novels.我高兴地读小说。
The old man delighted in doing little things for others.那位老人高兴为别人做些小事。
To his great delight,his novel was accepted for publication.使他高兴的是，他的小说得到了公众的认可。
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
相关短语：be delighted at 因……而高兴；be delighted by/with sth.(sb.)喜欢某物（人）；
be delighted to do因做……而高兴； be delighted that...很高兴……
▲center on将某人（某物）当作中心或重点
concentrate on专心致志于
类似短语：
attend on侍候……，看护……，照料； call on访问(某人)，号召(to do)；
count on依靠……，期待……(sb.to do)；depend on取决于……，依靠……，依……而定；
feed on 以……为食，用……喂养；fix one’s eyes on 盯住……，凝视……；
go on继续，上台演出(the stage)， keep on(doing) 坚持……；
live on靠……生活，以……为食； look on看待(sb.as...)，观察……，面朝……；
wait on 服侍……，招待……
The patient has three nurses attending on him.那位病人有三位护士看护他。
I tried to concentrate my attention on my chemical research.我试图专心于化学研究。
She centered her attention on the problem.她把注意力集中在这个问题上。
Unit 2 Crossing limits
▲take possession of占领，占有/get possession of拿到，得到
The capitalist is in possession of a large fortune.那个资本家拥有大宗财产。
A large fortune is in the possession of the capitalist. 大宗财产掌握在那个资本家手中。
▲in the name of以……的名义，代表
I arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的名义逮捕你。
The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部长代表国王讲话。
I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。
He escaped under the name of Tom.他化名为Tom逃跑了
name构成的短语：
by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；name after以……命名
▲masses of/a mass of+countable noun(pl form)/+uncountable noun
in the mass总体上，总的说来/the mass of大多数的/mass education群众教育/a mass meeting群众会议
The young dancers worked so hard so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.（许多）
▲be rich in/be poor in
Oranges are rich in Vitamin C含有丰富的维生素
a TV play rich in humour 富有幽默的电视剧
▲do research on a state key project就国家重点工程进行研究
▲lose the lives of many people/risk their lives
▲alternative
Have you got an alternative=another suggestion?你有没有其它建议？
Caught in the act,he had no alternative/choice but to confess/did nothing but confess.
他被当场抓获，除了招供别无选择。
▲available
This was the only available room.这是唯一可以利用的房间。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
▲equip…with
You’d better equip your bike with a head light.你最好在自行车装个前灯。
They have equipped the army with modern weapons. 他们已经为部队装备了现代化的武器。
The army has been equipped with modern weapons. （被动语态）
▲accurate adj.精确的，准确的，正确无误的
His information was accurate.他的信息很准确。
accurate强调“精确无误”。an accurate calculation精确的计算
correct按一定标准没有差错。a correct answer正确的答案
right很多情况下可与correct互换，但常有道德上认可的含义.the right course of action正确的行动方针
▲search for
他们正在村里搜查那个强盗。
They are searching for the robber in the village.
They are searching the village for the robber.
Cf:The policeman is searching the robber.
▲have contacts with/contact to有接触/联系
▲find one’s way
feel one’s way摸索着走/fight one’s way奋勇前进/force one’s way挤着向前走/wind one’s way曲折前进/make one’s way去……途中/lose one’s way迷路
▲in exchange for交换，互换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.他们用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。
▲take sb prisoner逮捕/capture sb 俘获，捉拿
put sb in prison,take sb to prison,send sb to prison把……关进监狱/throw sb into prison把……投进监狱
▲wander through Arabic countries穿过许多阿拉伯国家
The children wandered around the town with nothing to do.那些孩子无所事事，在街上闲逛。
The boy wandered the neighbourhood,looking for the dog.那孩子走遍了邻里街坊，找他那条狗。
▲reach out to sp./reach sp./come to sp.arrive at(in) sp.
▲date from/back to
The castle dates back to/dates from the 14th century.这座城堡建于14世纪。
▲ripe
By the beginning of the 15th century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.到15世纪初大型聚会的时机成熟了。
Was the peach ripe or green?那桃子是熟的还是生的？
▲prosper under a new dynasty在新的朝代下繁荣昌盛(prosperity)
The business is prospering.生意兴隆。
He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.他祝这对新人生活幸福，万事如意。
▲renew relations with恢复同…..的关系
▲excite one’s curiosity激起……的好奇心
▲send a message to sb向……发出邀请/信息
▲response非洲统治者的反应非常慷慨The response of African rulers are very generous.
▲challenge/at home
明朝朝廷认识到最大的挑战和机遇是在国内。
Ming court belied that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
国内外 at home and abroad
▲.various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
He analysed the various factors.他分析了各种不同因素。
Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,I like boiling best.
在所有做鸡蛋的各种方法中，我最喜欢煮的方法。
various,varied都可作“各种各样的”解，大部分情况下可通用，但varied可表示“正在变化之中的”，a varied life。
▲.suggest vt.
（1）提议，建议。后跟动名词、that从句（从句中谓语动词用should do,should可省略）
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me.他向我提出那种想法。
I suggest going there at once.我建议立刻去那里。
The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.老师建议我们现在就做作业。
（2）使人想起，暗示
His pale face suggests that he is ill.他的苍白的脸色表明他病了。
▲.accomplish vt.达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划）
This task is accomplished by great effort.完成这项任务花了很大力气。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year.第一年他就取得了很多成绩。
It is the workers who will accomplish this task.就是工人们将完成这项任务。
accomplish指做到底，实现一个计划，如：to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事，如：He finished the homework.他完成了作业。
complete指加上缺少的部分，如：to complete the sentence把句子补充完整
▲.apart from 除……外
He works until nine o’clock every evening,and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.
他每天晚上工作到9点,这还不算他周末加班。
Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad job.除工资（偏低）外，这工作不错。
Apart from you and me,I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.除你我之外，我认为没有人在30岁以下。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.不可能有脱离实践的知识。
归纳拓展：apart from，in addition（to），besides ，as well（as），except for，except，but
（1）apart from这个复合介词兼有“除外”和“包括”的双重意义。
（2）以下短语或单词意义相近，均表示“除……之外还有……”这一“附加”意义。
in addition（to） besides，as well （as）
（3）以下短语或单词均表示“除……之外没有……”这一“排除”意义。except for except but
▲.arise vi.出现，发生；由……引起，由……发生
A difficulty arose right here.困难就在这里。
How did the quarrel arise?这次争吵是怎么引起的？
Originally,organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.最初有机化合物是由生命过程产生的。
rise vi.升起，上涨；raise vt.举起，提高，提升，提出；饲养（羊、鸡等），抚养（子女等），招募（军队等），募捐（钱等）。
▲.bring up教育；养育;提出；引出;呕吐；to bring up the question提出问题
She was brought up by her grandparents.她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。
He brought up all the food he had eaten.他把吃下的食物都呕吐出来了。
归纳拓展：bring in获利；赚;bring about带来,引起;bring down使……降低
The boys bring in ￡60 a week.这些男孩子每周赚60镑。
How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。
We’d better wait till they bring down their prices.我们最好等他们降价。
▲.run out of 用光，用尽
We are running out of water.我们的水要用尽了。
We ran out of petrol yesterday.昨天我们用光了汽油。
比较：All our supply of food has run out.我们所有的食品供应都用光了。
We decided we had better go home,before our money ran out.我们决定最好在钱用光之前回家。
表示“用光、用尽”的还有：use up,give out
All those I had are used up.我所有的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他们用光了钱。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡了。要没水了。
从以上例子可看出，虽然这些词组都表示“用光、用完”，但use up,run out of 为及物动词，而run out,give out为不及物动词。
归纳拓展:run into遇上，偶然遇到;陷于，碰上（困境、麻烦等）
I ran into Emma on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。
If you run into difficulties,try to overcome them.如遇困难，要努力去克服。
Unit 3 The Land Down Under
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories现代澳大利亚是由六个州两大区组成的
be made up of =consists of 由……组成
The Grade Three in our school is made up of 17 classes.我们学校高三年级是由17个班级组成的。
17 classes make up the Grade Three in our school.
The solar system is made up of a star and nine plants. 太阳系是由一个恒星和九个行星组成的。
make up 和解,和好; 虚构,编造; 化妆; 补偿,弥补; 凑钱
It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.很难调解这对夫妇之间的争吵。
Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.不要找任何借口来欺骗我。
I find no time to make myself up every day.梳妆打扮
Because you were ill, you will have to make up the final exam.补期末考试
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence/the lost time. 弥补智力上的缺乏/损失的时间(用其他方式)
Have you made up the money for your class? 凑钱
2. Australia is surrounded by many oceans.澳大利亚周边有两大洋
surround 包围 surround sb./ sth. with sth
They have surrounded the town with troops.他们出动军队包围了该城。
surround 常用于被动语态中 “被……包围
The house is surrounded by/with high walls.房子周围有高高的围墙。
When he came back ,he found himself surrounded by his family and friends.当他苏醒后，发现他周围站着他的家人和朋友。
surroundings (周边环境) environment (与人类相对的环境)
3. but the capital of Australia is Canberra,a city located between Sydeny and Melbourne
……但是澳大利亚首都却在堪培拉，一座位于悉尼和墨尔本之间的城市
located=lying=standing
4.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.六个角代表六个州，第七个角代表区。
represent 代表,象征; 表现; 描绘,塑造; 声称
In a love song ,people will tell his lover that the moon represents his heart.月亮象征他的心
I’d like to thank you representing my whole family.我代表我的全家谢谢您。
=I’d like to thank you on behalf of my whole family.
The girl representing all the new students gave us a speech on the school opening ceremony.
那个女孩代表所有新生在开学典礼上讲了话。
He represented himself as a wealthy man, but in fact he was as poor as a church mouse.声称自己是个健康的人而其实
representative n.代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的
stand for 象征,代表; 支持; (多指代字母、符号等的替代作用)
What does WTO stand for? WTO代表什么？ It stands for World Trade Organization
Before we elect him, we want to know what he stands for.
5.These peoples came to the continent at least fifity thousand years ago and created complex societies.
这些来自不同民族的人至少在五万年之前就来到这块大陆，而且创建了复杂的社会群体。
people 的含义
相当于persons (一个以上的人) There are many people in the room
指persons in general 人们。What will people think of this?人们将如何看待这件事？
指all the ordinary members of a state 人民（与the连用）serve the people heart and soul
指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的居民或具有某一国籍的人民。the people of London 伦敦居民，the British people 英国人民
指nation (民族)，race （人种），tribe (部落)等，此时people为单数，其复数形式为peoples
the peoples of the world 世界各民族；Europe is made up of many peoples.
典型例题：The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的人民。
6.live in a similar way to their ancestors……过着与他们祖先相似的生活
A be similar to B 。。。和。。。相类似
My new dress/bike is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
8.while others live in cities,towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians……而另外一些人像其他澳大利亚同胞一样住在城镇和农村。
▲fellow n.（常用复数，用以构成复合词）同伴；同志
school fellows同学 bed fellows同床者
Her fellows share her interest in computers.她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣。
adj.同伴的；同类的；同事的
fellow creatures 同类动物 fellow countryman 同胞 fellow traveler旅伴；同路人
口语中有时指“男人；小伙子”
Poor fellow!可怜的小伙子！
▲while
引导时间状语从句，表示的时间只能是一段时间，而when引导时间状语从句表示的时间可以是时间点，也可以是时间段。
They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来的时候我们正在吃饭。
表示对比，意为“而，但是”。
He is a worker while I am a doctor.他是工人而我是医生。
表示“尽管，虽然”，多放于句首。
While I understand what you say,I can’t agree with you.尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。
表示“只要”。
There will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空气，就会有生命。
9.In 1770,Captain Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown.1770年库克船长生称这个大陆的东海岸属于大不列颠王国。
claim vt. & n. n.(根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西，vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要，索赔
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.货物有损坏，可以要求退钱。
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?汽车出了事故后你向保险公司索赔了吗？
I claimed the coat that the teacher found. 我认领了老师找到的外套。
Has anyone claimed the watch? 有人认领这块手表吗？
He claimed that he hadn't done it, but I didn't believe him. 他声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信他。
He claimed that he had done the work without help.他声称没有得到帮助而完成了这项工作。
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.不要不懂装懂。
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。
10. Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.后来，美国独立战争使得英国不能向北美输送囚犯，于是澳大利亚被选为一个新的囚犯和罪犯的流放地。
11.The British Governor landed on January 26,today as Australia Day. 英国总督于1月26日登陆，这一天就是现在的澳大利亚日。
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their basic civil rights and described the new government.当时统治六个州的宪法表明人是自由平等的。它还说明了人民的基本权利，也描述了当时的新政府。
统治；控制，治理
In Britain elected representatives of the people govern the country.
在英国治理国家的是民选的代表。
支配某事物；决定
Self-interest governs all his actions.
他的所作所为皆取决于一己之利。
n.government 统治；控制；支配
州长；省长；总督someone who rules a state or province
12.The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Aistralian ecosytems. 新来的这批人改变了这里的土地管理方式。引进了新的植物和动物，这些动植物破坏了澳大利亚的生态系统
be harmful to/do harm to/harm sb.or sth
13. As a consequence,the original Australians suffered. 结果原来的澳大利亚人吃尽了苦头。
as a consequence 结果，后果
as a consequence= in consequence/as a result
After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.
毕业后，他变得懒惰起来，结果失去了自己所有的一切。
in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to
In consequence of his rudeness, he was fired by his boss.由于他的粗鲁，他被老板开除了。
14.Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved had their land taken away from them许多土著居民和岛民被迁走了，他们的土地被剥夺了。
have+宾语+done过去分词作宾语补足语的结构
15.In the early twentieth century,Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century在20世纪初期，澳大利亚就像18世纪的美国一样。
resemble vt.（不用于被动语态和进行时态）
resemble sb./sth.（in sth.） 与（他人或他物）相似；像……
She resembles her brother in looks.她和她弟弟长得很像。
He strongly resembles his father in appearance.他非常像他的父亲。
n resemblance（between A and B）相似；相像
There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys.这两个男孩有某些相似之处。
16.The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.第一次世界大战对澳大利亚有强烈的影响。
have an influence on/upon 对…有影响
have an influence on/upon=have an effect on/upon influence sb./sth.=affect sb./sth.
I don’t think this kind of system will have a great influence on our school.我认为这种体制不会对我们学校产生很大影响。
SARS has a strong influence on human.对人类影响很大。
17.After the war,the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Great Depression of the 1930s.
战后国家经历了社会和经济的动荡，遭受了30年代大萧条的苦难。
vt.受到，遭受，蒙受，后接pain,defeat,loss,poverty,hunger等名词。
His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.
他的腿断了，遭受了巨大痛苦的折磨。
常用于短语suffer from...，意为“受……的折磨，患某种疾病，有某种缺陷”。
In the old days,peasants suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
在旧社会，农民们饥寒交迫。
18. Australia began to transform itself into the modern country it is today.
澳大利亚开始把自己转变成今天这样的现代化国家。
A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。
A generator generator (发电机)transforms mechanical energy into electricity. (把机械能转变成电能)
A steam engineer transforms heat into power.蒸汽机把热转化成动力。
adj.transformable 可改变外观或性质的
n.transformation（外观或性质的）改变，改观；转变
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.
他结婚之后性格判若两人。
19.The economy grew and Australia benefited from the immigration.经济增长了，澳大利亚人从移民中受益。
benefit n.
He has had the benefit of a first-class education.他受益于第一流的教育。
The new factory will be a great benefit to the town.这个新工厂对这个市镇将会有很大的好处。(=be good to)
benefit v.
This medicine will benefit you.这药对你有好处。
I benefited from my father’s advice.我受益于父亲的教育。
20. pass laws to strengthen the rights of ……通过法律来加强……的权利。
strengthen v.加强；巩固；变强
The current strengthened as we moved down the river.我们顺流而下时，水流更急了。
This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave.最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心。
strength n.力气；力量；强度
He is a man of great strength.他是个强壮的男子。
The fence was strengthened with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
21.It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of diverse society.
许多年后澳大利亚才懂得尊重土著居民，并认识到多元化的重要性
Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
澳洲英语在发音上不同与英国英语和美国英语。
diverse adj. differing one from another; different 不同的；多种多样的
have diverse interests 有多种兴趣
differ from sb./ sth.与某人/某事物不同，有区别=be different from
We differ from each other in many ways.我们在许多方面不同。
In this aspect,French differs from English/French and English.在这方面，法语不同于英语。
differ with/from sb.about/on sth.不同意；持异议
I’m sorry to differ with you on that.对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。
“I beg to differ.”表示与某人意见不一致。
n.difference
difference between A and B不同之处；差别；变化
It’s not very easy to tell the difference between sugar and salt.区别糖和盐不是很容易的。
make a/no/some difference（to sb./ sth.）（对某人/某事物）有/没有/有些作用或影响。
It makes no difference（to me）what you say:I’m not going.不管你怎么说（对我来说）都无所谓，反正我不去。
Integrative reading
1.connect
The two cities are connected by a railway
The No. 1 trolly bus connects here with the No. 4 trolly bus for the East Lake.
connect with Beijing University.
connect A with B connect…with(by) join A to B/join…with(by)
We can connect(join)the two islands with a bridge.
The road connects Beijing with Tianjin.
The new highway has joined our hometown to the city.
The Pananma Canal connects the Atlantic with the Pacific.
(The road connects Shanghai and Suzhou.)
2.separate
Although both these shops sell vegetables, they are quite separate.
The children all sleep in separate beds.
We’re sorry that you two should be separated.
England is separated from France by the English channel.
Let’s separate them into three groups.
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
They didn’t separate till midnight.
The good friends were glad to meet after so long a separation.
Cf:The world is divided into five continents.
You can divide the apples between you.
separate:把原来在一起的人或物分隔开来
divide: 着重把一个整体按一定数量和大小比例分成若干份。
3.having been separated from…
*Arriving at the village(When he arrived at the village),he could not find his home.
*Walking in the park(When she was walking), she saw an old friend.
*Being blind(As they were blind),how could they see?
*Having been there many times, he offered to introduce the history of country .(As he had been)
*Having been rebuilt this way,these temples look even more beautiful.(As/After they have been rebuilt)
*Having put up the tent, they started to cook their supper. (After they put up/had put up)
(Right) Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.
(Wrong)Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen.
(Right)Having found the cause they continued the experiment.
(Wrong)Having found the cause,the experiment continued.
Fill in the blanks
(1).Who is the man standing by the door?
(2).The bell ran announcing the end of class.
(3).Austrlia is the only country covering an entire continent.
(4).Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in white.
(5).Those chosen as team members must be here before 7 a.m. tomorrow.
(6).He is a man liked by all.
(7).The man writing this English letter is my teacher.
(8).The letter written in simple English is from my teacher.
4.In area…the same size as/…more than 13 times as many as
China is large in area and rich in resources.
The TV tower is nearly 40 metres in height.
They built a fence 30 meters in length.
The area of Australia is 7.6 million sq.km.
A是B的x倍，可表示为：
A be x times the size/height/length of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 time bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher/longer than B by x-1 times
如：这个房间是那个房间的3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one.
This room is three times as big as that one.
This room is twice bigger than that one.
This room is bigger than that one by twice.
5.feed…on/feed…to
6.give birth to/be borne
She has borne three children.
She has given birth to three children.
7.keep out
Danger! Keep out!
They closed all windows to keep out the cold.
We put a fence round the vegetable garden to keep the chickens out.
Please keep him out of trouble while he is studying here.
Please keep the dog out of the garden.
keep-phrase:
Keep up your courage/spirits.
They can keep up their normal temperature even in very cold weather.
The old man couldn’t keep up with the other people.
Dave was not good at maths and he couldn’t keep up with the rest of the class.
They used to keep watch at the top of the tree during the war.
Keeping a diary is very important to you.
You’d better keep cool when you are in danger.
She couldn’t keep back her tears at the news.
A newspaper can keeps one in touch with the world.
Nothing can keep me from doing so.
8.round up 聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.向导把游客们聚集在一起，又把他们带回到海滨。
The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.牧羊犬把羊群集中到一起，赶进栅门。
Unit 4 Green world
1.Attempt had been made by others to classfy plant species into groups,but the breakthrough came with the work of Carl Linnaeus.另一些人尝试按植物种类分类，但是突破性进展却来自Carl Linnaeus.
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取(在第一单元中讲过)
classify vt.编排；分类to arrange or organize according to class or category classify sb./ sth.（as sth.）将某人/某物归类
We usually classify types of character as good or bad.我们通常把 (人的) 性格之类型分为善与恶。
The books in the library are classified by subject.图书馆的书是按照科目分类的。
Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，还是属于通俗读物类？
classified（常作定语）分类的 a classified directory分类电话簿 classified advertisements分类广告
classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class分类；类别
2. Showing how plants were related was a complex and strange thing before Linnaeus developed his system.
在林尼厄斯确立这个系统之前，要说明植物之间的关系是一个复杂而陌生的事情。
3.But Linnaeus’ idea of grouping plants in families was unique.而Linnaeus把植物按家族来分类的想法却很特别。
group v.集合，使成群；类集
The children grouped round the piano.孩子们集合在钢琴周围。
We can group animals into several types.我们可以把动物分成好几类。(We can classify animals as several types.)
noun（1）群；组；类
（family,team,audience,enemy,group,class等集合名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。）
Our group is going to climb a mountain tomorrow.我们组明天要去爬山。
The group are having dinner now.组员们正在吃晚饭。
What blood group are you?你是什么血型？
[作定语] a group activity 集体活动
（2）（公司联营的）集团：a newspaper group报业集团
▲identification （学案上没有） n. the state of being identified 鉴别；验明
the identification of high yielding seeds 高产量种子的鉴别
n. proof or evidence of identity 身份证明(缩写 ID)
His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。
4.As a result,fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related,although they are different at first sight.
因此（结果），尽管桃子和梨子乍看起来是不同的，但事实上它们是有关联的。
at first sight/glance
At first sight/glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看这个问题似乎很容易。
They felt in love at first sight.他们一见钟情。
He could tell at a(single) glance what was wrong with the car.他一眼就能看出汽车有什么毛病。
5.develop a lifelong frienship with… 与……结成为终身好友
make a lifelong friend with sb.
6.Born into a life of privilege,Joseph Banks was the son of a wealthy family. Joseph Banks是一个富裕家庭的孩子，生来就享有特殊权利
privilege n. a special advantage, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, a class 特权；优惠
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我们的会员有享受图书馆借书服务的特权。
7.lead/live a cosy life过着安逸的生活
live/lead a happy life/a bitter life 过着幸福/痛苦生活
cosy ：comfortable; easy
8.but young Banks had an appetite for knowledge但是小班克斯却有渴求知识的欲望
n. a desire for food 食欲；胃口
Exercises give one a good appetite. 运动增进食欲。
n. a strong wish or liking 爱好；欲望
He has an appetite for writing. 他好从事写书。（be fond of,go in for）
9.Despite his wealth,he worked to make a career in science. 尽管他很富有，但他谋求在科学上有一番成就。
in spite of his wealth/although he was wealthy/rich….
Some were owners of great wealth and property. 有些人拥有万贯家财。
10. In 1768,the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take members of the Royal Society on
an expedition to Tahiti.1768年英国皇家海军任命James Cook为“奋力”号船长，带领皇家学会成员远征塔希提岛。
appoint sb.（to.）;appoint sb.（as.）
挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派
He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那空缺。
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
They have appointed a new manager.他们已经任用了一位新经理。
Who shall we appoint （as） chairperson?我们选派谁担任主席呢？
appoint sth.（for sth.） 确定或决定某事物
They have appointed a date for the meeting.他们已经约定了开会的日期。
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
11.This would give astronomers a chance to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun.
这样天文学家就有机会去测量地球和太阳之间的距离。
They use a computer to calculate the cost of a journey.他们用电脑算出旅行的费用。
I calculate that we will reach London at about 3 p.m.估计我们大约在下午3点到达伦敦。
be calculated to do sth.旨在，打算或计划做某事
His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd.他讲的话有意鼓动/煽动人群。
n. calculation计算，推算
12 …it was the government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition.
英国政府赞助了这次考察中天文学部分所需的设备和经费。
expense n.花费，费用，经费
It’s too much of an expense to own a car.拥有一辆汽车的花费太大。
at one’s expense由某人负担费用
He had his book printed at his own expense.他自己出钱印了书。
at the expense of sth.在损失或损坏某事物的情况下
He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health.
他创建的企业很成功，但这一切都损害了他的健康。
13.had to supply about ￡10,000 of his own money to equip the expedition……不得不把自己的钱（大约一万英镑）拿出来为这次远征提供设备。
supply当“提供；供应”讲，近义词为provide/offer。
（1）supply sb.with sth./ supply sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
They supplied food aids to the people in the flood-stricken area.
=They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids.
他们向受灾地区的人们提供了食品援助。
（2）offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
He offered me a cup of tea.=He offered a cup of tea to me.
（3）provide sb.with sth./ provide sth.for sb.向某人提供某物，供应
The firm has provided me with a car.=The firm has provided a car for me.公司提供给我一辆汽车。
在涉及到钱时，supply则不明确，一般讲来要给钱，provide往往则意味着免费提供
The school provides the students with lesson-sheets.学校免费给学生提供讲义。
We can supply you with some rare Ming editions. 我们可以给你提供一些稀有的明版书。
14.He also look out for new economic species; plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold . 而且他还调查了一些新的经济物种，在英国和世界其他地区生长其谷物能够被卖的植物。
look our for to be careful of 当心；注意；警惕
Look out (for the car)! 留神(汽车)！
15. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to anther on a large scale, helping to develop local economic with these new imports. 约瑟夫。班克斯是第一位大规摸把植物从一个大陆移到另一个大陆的人，用这些进口的东西来帮助发展当地的经济。
16.some plants that were spread over the globe in this way include cococa,hemp and tea.用这种方式发展起来的植物有可可，大麻和茶叶。
17.The voyage had been a great success.这次航海取得了巨大的成功。
18.Wonderful discoveries had been of strange new lands,cultures,animals and plants.
绝妙的发现还包括新奇的大陆、文化和动植物。
19.From behind his desk, however, he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia.然而他却在幕后卷入了诸如探索非洲和开拓澳洲之类的航行。
involve
（1）需要The job involved me in London.工作需要我住在伦敦。
（2）牵涉，牵连；包括
The strike involved many people.许多人参加了罢工。
involve sb./sth.in sth./doing sth.使某人/某事物陷入或参与某活动
in solving your problems!你解决你的问题，不要把我拉进去。
He was involved in a heated argument.他参与了一场激烈的争论。
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
20.He accumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture.他积累了大量的有关植物和农业方面的知识。
accumulated
（1）vt.积累；聚集
By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。
He accumulated a fortune by hard work. 他靠努力工作积蓄了一笔财富。
（2）vi. 增加
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.房间不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。
Snow accumulated to a depth of 10 feet. 雪已积到十尺深。
n. accumulation 金钱、知识、经验的积累
21. In growing strawberries Banks went back to the abandoned practice of spreading straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.在种植草莓时Banks采用早已废弃的在果实下铺稻草的方法来降低用水量。
The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛在雪地里。
He found a baby abandoned by its parents.他发现了一个被父母遗弃的婴儿。
The match was abandoned because of bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣而取消。
(please look up the word:desert)
供阅读的其它知识点
▲Darwin’s observations on that voyage led him to write his famous book on the Origin of species.…
达尔文在那次环球旅行中的观察使他写出了著名的《物种起源》
▲deserve
The article deserves careful study=The article is worth studying.
She deserves a reward for her effort.她积极努力，应该得到奖赏。
They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该入狱。
▲It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
达尔文乘“小猎犬号”去加拉 戈斯群岛的活动使他获得了新创建理论的钥匙。
▲habitat（动物或植物的）栖息地/自然环境
This creature’s natural habitat is the jungle. 这种动物的天然栖息地是丛林。
▲pass sth.down from one generation to the next（常用于被动语态）一代一代传下去
pass away 去世，逝世(die) pass by走过；经过；忽视 pass sth.on （to sb.）将某物传交给（某人）
pass through sth.经历（一段时间） pass on （to sth.）从一阶段进入另一阶段
▲.As a result of Darwin and Mendel s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species. 达尔文和门德尔的研究结果，使得19世纪的科学家闷形成这样的一种理念：环境的影响导致了新物种的发展。
▲It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
要重新认识环境对物种的重要性环需要下一代科学家的努力。
▲In 1922,Gte Turesson found evdence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature.
1922年Gte Turesson发现了自然界物种稳定多样性存在的证据。
▲grow to bush长成灌木，grow close to the ground长得贴近地面
▲adapt 适应，改编，改写
I don’t think I shall ever adapt myself to this hot weather.
They are adapted to various climates,soil and other natural conditions.
He is adapting the novel fortelevision.他在把这部小说改编成电视剧。
▲However, Turesson’s findings show that habitat,such as soil conditions,is of equal importance to the output of crops.
然而Turesson的调查研究结果却表明，生长地的情况，如生长地的土壤条件，对粮食农作物的产量也具有同样重要的意义。
output n. amount of things that you have made 产量；产品
We must increase our output to meet people's needs. 我们必须增加产量来满足人们的需要。
请不要跟adopt（采取、采用，通过、收养）相混
▲procedure n.程序（尤指工商、法律、政治等事务的）
Stop arguing about （questions of） procedure and let’s get down to business.
别再为程序（问题）争辩了，咱们着手议正事吧。
procedure （for sth.）手续；步骤
What’s the procedure for opening a bank account?在银行开个账户要办什么手续？
▲promote v.（1）提升，晋升
My daughter’s just been promoted!我的女儿刚被提升了！
promote sb.to sth.提升，擢升某人
The football team was promoted to the first division.该足球队已晋升为甲级队。
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
（2）促进；鼓励，推动
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
Kindness promotes peace. 亲切的行为可以促进和睦。
▲rose n. a beautiful flower, which is red, white or yellow 玫瑰(花)；蔷薇(花)
Father planted roses along one side of the garden. 父亲沿着花园的一边种了玫瑰。
You lie upon roses when young, you'll lie upon thorns when old. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
▲peony n. 牡丹；芍药
She blushed like a peony. 她脸红得像一朵牡丹花。
▲bunch n. a number of things of the same kind fastened or growing together 串；束
a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of grapes/keys 一串葡萄/一串钥匙
▲merely adv. only仅仅；只不过
I didn't stop to speak to him--I merely smiled. 我没有停下来和他说话--我只是微微一笑。
▲enterprise n. an undertaking, especially one of some scope, complication, and risk; a business organization事业；企业
government enterprise 公/国营企业 private enterprise 私/民营企业 small-to-medium-sized enterprises中小企业
▲settlement n. group of homes in a place where no people have lived before 拓居地；定居点
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的东海岸。
n. agreeing about something after discussing it 解决（方案）
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工资进行长期谈判后，劳资双方达成一项解决办法。
▲straw n. dry, cut stalks of wheat, etc. 稻草；麦秆
Everyone of us had a straw hat on. 我们人人都戴草帽。
n. thin tube of paper or plastic for drinking a cold drink 麦管；吸管
He sucked Coke through a straw. 他用吸管吸可口可乐。
▲year after year adv. 年年；一年又一年(= year in year out) 对比year by year
▲tone n. a sound; the quality of a sound; the voice, as expressing feeling音调；语调
She spoke in an angry tone. 她用恼怒的口气说话。
▲reward n. present or money that you give to thank someone for something 报酬；报答
He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因考试及格而得到奖品。
He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他辛勤一生，但得到的报酬却很少。
vt. give something in return for 酬谢；奖赏
He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him. 人们表扬了他，这就是对他很好的奖励。
▲nowhere adv. at, in, or to no place; not anywhere 任何地方都不；什么地方也没有
He was nowhere to be found. 什么地方也找不到他。
n. an unknown place 不知道的地方：a cabin in the middle of nowhere 不知在什么中心的小屋
▲altogether adv. on the whole; all things considered 总共；总而言之
There were five of us altogether. 我们共有五人。
Altogether, the book is quite interesting. 总的说来，这本书相当有趣。
adv. totally; completely 完全；全部地
Some of what you say is true, but I don't altogether agree. 你说的有些是真的，但我不能全都同意。
▲appearance n. what someone or something looks like 外貌；外表
Do not judge by appearances. 别从外貌判断事物。
n. being seen; coming 显露；出现
At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause. 他一出场，礼堂里就掌声雷动。
▲latter adj. 后者
Of the two, the former is better than the latter. 两者之中前者较后者为佳。
▲distinguish vt.& vi. show the difference in; show the difference; make a distinction 区别；辨别
He could not distinguish cotton from wool. 他不能辨认是棉花还是羊毛。(tell…from)
You are confusing things, let me distinguish. 你把事情越弄越糟，让我来把它区分出来。
▲in detail with all the facts 详细地 The teacher explained the text in detail. 老师详细地解释了课文。
Unit 5 Getting the message
Ⅰ. Words and Expressions（课文前面部分出现的）
1.convey ---- to take or carry from one place to another; transport. 运送；运输
----to communicate or make known; impart通知；通报；传达
The truck conveyed machinery across the country. 这辆卡车把机器运往全国各地。
Wires convey electricity.金属线导电。
I will convey the information to him.我将把这消息通知他。
2.advertise ---- to make public announcement of, especially to proclaim th equalities or advantages of (a product or business) so
as to increase sales. 做广告；---- to warn or notify告诫，告知
advertise sth做广告(宣传)，使……尽人皆知，put an advertisement做广告
Why not advertise your secondhand car in the local newspaper?为什么不在本地报纸上为你的二手车做个广告呢？
If you want to sell your secondhand car,why not put an advertisement in the local newspaper?
你如果想卖掉你的二手车，为什么不在本地报纸上做个广告呢？
advertise for sb/sth登广告招聘/欲购
The company advertised for a new secretary.公司登了广告招聘一名新秘书。
We should advertise for someone to look after our children.我们该登个广告聘人来照管孩子们。
advertiser 广告商
The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.这份报告使广告商对今日妇女有了新的认识。
4.brand ---- A trademark identifying a product or a manufacturer
商标；牌子；烙印
What brand of soap do you like?你喜欢什么牌子的肥皂？
These cattle have my brand on them. 这些牛身上都有我打的烙印。
（常与of连用）特殊类型
his own brand of humor 他独特的幽默感
5.consideration ---- careful thought
Please give the problem your careful consideration. 请你仔细考虑这个问题。
短语：in consideration of 报答；由于under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中
take … into consideration 顾及，考虑到
Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when he marks your exams.
你的老师评定考试成绩时，会考虑到你最近生病的情况。
Taking everything into consideration,the result is better than I expected.
从各方面考虑，结果比我预料的好。
复习以前学过的词组
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
In the first place ,you must think over this plan.首先你必须考虑这个计划。
6.charge ---- expense; cost 费用；花费 ---- the price asked for something 价格，收费
a charge for the use of the telephone 使用电话的费用
The charge for a front-row seat is $3. 前排座位票价每张三美元。
----management 监督；管理
---- a claim of wrongdoing 指控；控告
a charge of stealing 对偷窃罪的指控
The charge carries a possible sentence of three years.这项控告可能要判三年徒刑。
短语：
in charge of 负责
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。
in the charge of / in one’s charge 归某人负责；由某人监管
The factory is in the charge of a special committee. 这家工厂现在由一个特别委员会监管。
7.loss ---- The act or an instance of losing; something that is lost; people lost in wartime or an accident.损失；丧失；遗失。
The loss of my watch meant that I had to buy a new one.我的手表丢了就意味着我得买只新的。
Have you reported the loss of the technical papers about the new product to the police?
你们把丢失新产品技术文件的事向警方报告了吗?
His unfortunate death was a great loss to the firm.他的不幸去世对他的商行来说是个重大损失。
The losses are computed at $1000. 估计损失1000美元。
短语：
at a loss ①低于成本的：sell the merchandise at a loss.赔本卖出货物
②迷惑的；不解的：I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不理解那些话
8.blame ----to hold responsible. 负责
---- To place responsibility for (something) 归咎：把（某事）责任归于…
Blame it!(美) 该死!
Don't blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他,该怪我。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I don't. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误。
If he fails the exam he’s only got himself to blame.如果他考试不及格，那只能怪他自己。
短语：be to blame 应受谴责
The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到谴责。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。
n. 责怪，（对坏事所应付的）责任
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
The judge put the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.法官把事故的责任归咎于汽车司机。
ⅠI. Words and Expressions（课文部分出现的）
1…they are broadcast on TV and over the radio,posted the Internet and printed in newspapers and on posters in our cities.
电视机和收音机播放广告，因特网上登载广告，报纸上印制广告，广告牌上贴广告。
broadcast -- to transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use.传播,传播（电台电视节目），供大众使用
--to send out or communicate, especially by radio or television. 播放：尤指通过电台、电视，播出，发送：
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.代理商通过电台紧急呼吁要求药品供应
to broadcast the gossip 传播流言蜚语
The BBC broadcasts every day. 英国广播公司每天广播。
Radio Beijing broadcasts on a dozen different frequencies.北京电台以十几种不同的频率进行广播。
作名词用：
The news broadcast will be at 7.00. 新闻广播将在7点开始。
post ---- to display (an announcement) in a place of public view. 贴布告：在公共场所贴（布告）
----to cover (a wall, for example) with posters. 贴海报：用海报张贴
The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名单将于今天张榜公布。
The ship was posted missing. 该船宣告失踪。
2.The development of radio,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.
广播、电视和其它媒体与广告业同步发展。
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关系的
They went home hand in hand.他们手拉手回家了。
The development of agriculture should go hand in hand with that of industry. 工业和农业应共同发展。
Dirt and disease go hand in hand.肮脏与疾病是分不开的。
3.People react to advertisements in different ways.人们对广告的反应是不同的。
（1）vi. 反应，反抗
How did he react to your suggestion?他对你的建议有什么反应？
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子往往故意不听父母的话来表示抗拒。
How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.
你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？她的反应是非常生气。
（2）vt. （指物质）起化学反应
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.酸可与碱起化学反应形成盐。
4.Some people find ads useful and entertaining;others think that they are annoying.有些人认为广告有用而且有趣，有些?
篇7：高一英语必修一unit教案 (人教版英语高一)
Student’s level: Senior 1, SEFC
Teaching material: Unit 1 Cultural Relics (listening and speaking part)
Teaching aims:
1、To improve students’ listening ability, such as global and detail listening; and the ability to get useful information from the listening material.
2、To improve students’ organization, creation and speaking ability; and urge them to use what they have learnt in daily life.
Teaching methods:
1、Review before listening to stimulate students’ memory and interests ;
2、To do the global, detail and global listening in turns with practices;
3、To stimulate students to discuss which person gave the best evidence, using the information in the formal section;
4、To let the students to judge the truth or lie in their daily life.
Teaching focus: to improve students’ listening and speaking ability;
Teaching aids:
1、video
2、diagram
3、pictures
Teaching Procedure
Ⅰ. Listening
1. Presentation
1.1 Lead in
T: Good morning boys and girls. How are you today?
S: Fine, thanks.
T: Look! What’s this?
S: The amber room.
T: Right! It’s the amber room. Last class, we have learnt an article named “in research of the amber room” do you still remember it?
S: Yes.
T: Good! Today we are going to listen to another story about the amber room. Do you want to know?
S: Yes.
1.2 Guessing
T: Ok! Please look at the blackboard, there are three WH-words: who, when and what. When we say the three WH-words what can you think about?
S: Some people’s names
T: Yes. What else?
S: Time words and something will happen.
T: Good! Let’s check your guessing. Before listening, you should keep the three WH-words in your mind and write it down when you hear the answer. Ok?
S: Ok.
2. Listening
2.1 Global Listening
T: but, before listening, I will give you some new words to help you. The first one is Czech Republic, it is a country like the People’s Republic of China, means捷克共和国. The second one is explode. Look at the picture and try to guess the meaning of it. What’s it.
S: Boom.
T: Yes. It’s boom, but when we fire it, it will bang, explode. Now do you know the meaning of it?
S: 爆炸。
T: Yes. Now let’s do our global listening. (Do the global listening)
T: Ok! I think you have got your answer. Who would like to share your answer with us? You please. Who?
S: Jan Hasek
T: Good! Who can tell me when? You please.
S: In April 1945.
T: Excellent. How about the what? You please.
S: He heard something and saw some soldiers.
T: Good. Good!
2.2 Detailed Listening
T: Next, I’d like you to fill in the tables. Let’s look at it. What he heard? Just as what you answer me just now, he must hear something. Right?
S: Right.
T: But what’s it? The second one is what his reflection when he heard something? How about you? Try to guess what you will do when you hear something? Lily?
S: Maybe I’d like to see what it is.
T: Good guessing. Let’s check it latter. The last one is what he saw? Just now you answer me he saw some soldiers. Guess, what the soldiers did? Who would like to share your opinion? You please.
S: Maybe they were doing their commissions.
T: Good guessing. Please keep the three questions in your mind and write down the answers when you hear it. Am I clear?
S: Yes.
(The teacher leads the students do the detail listening and stop in one segment.)
T: Who would like to share your opinion with us? You please the first question.
S: He heard something explode at midnight.
T: Well done! Did you guess correctly? Who’d like to answer the next question? You please.
S: He got up and ran outside.
T: Good job! Who would like to try the last question? You please.
S: They saw some German soldiers were taking wooden boxes from trucks and putting them in the mine.
T: Excellent! Please give her a big hand. You all have really done a very good job.
2.3 Global Listening
T: Now please keep all the questions and answers in your mind. And we will listen to the whole story again that you can have a general review on it.
Ⅱ. Speaking
2.1 Showing directions for discussion
T: Good morning, class!
S: Good morning, teacher!
T: And next, we will do a speaking exercise. What I need you to do first is to use the information in the formal section and to discuss in pairs which person gave the best evidence. Are you clear?
S: Yes!
2.2 Showing the useful expressions
T: Before your discussion, I will give you some useful expressions. The first one is “Do/Don’t you think that…?” The second one is “Are you sure that he/she was telling the truth?” The third one is “What are your reasons for saying that?” And now who can give me more expressions about this discussion? Yes, you please!
S: I think someone is telling the truth because…
T: Very good, thank you very much! Now, I need one more useful expression, who would like to try? You please!
S: Sorry, I don’t agree with you.
2.3 Group discussion
T: Excellent, thank you very much! Next, two students a group, you can begin your discussion. Don’t forget to use the useful expressions here. Five minutes later, I need one of your groups to present your discussion to the class! Clear?
S; yes!
T: Now, ready, go!
(Five minutes later)
2.4 Demonstrating the students’ dialogues
T: OK, the time is up! Who want to show your discussion? Yes, you two please!
S: …
T: Very good! Big hands for them! Next, we have a competition. At the very beginning, I need one of you to tell a short story about yourself. You can tell a lie or tell the truth. And after your story, I need one student to analyze what you have said is a lie or the truth, then to give the reasons. And at the same time I will record everyone’s right judgments, which will determine who is the winner of this competition. Are you clear?
S: Yes!
T: Now, who want to tell a short story? Very good, you please!
S: I was washing my clothes at five o’clock yesterday.
T: Now who can judge what she said is the truth or a lie! Ok, you please!
S: She has told a lie, because I saw her in the library at five o’clock yesterday!
T: Is her judgment right?
S: Yes!
T: OK, very good! Now, who want to tell another short story? Very good, you please!
S: I was playing computer games at eleven o’clock last night.
T: Now who can judge what she said is the truth or a lie! Ok, you please!
S: She has told a lie, because I saw her doing her homework in her dormitory at eleven o’clock last night!
T: Is her judgment right?
S: Yes!
2.5 Summary
T: OK, very good! Now, the competition is over. We can see that the Lisa’s flowers rank the number one. Certainly, she is the winner of this competition. Now, Lisa, congratulations to you! Let’s give big hands for her. After exercise, who can make a conclusion about what we have learnt today? OK, you please!
S: We have learnt how to discuss and judge who is telling the truth or telling a lie.
T: Very good! You really did a very good job today. I think we must stop here. No homework today. Good-bye!
S: Bye!
篇8：第三册Unit 3 Lesson 9
第三册Unit 3 Lesson 9
（步骤一）复习
检查家庭作业。
（步骤2）介绍新语言项目
把学生分为若干小组。把List at least five ways we can clean up our hometown..这菊花写在黑板上。给学生及分钟时间让他们在他们的小组里列出他们自己的净化他们家乡的方法。教师在教室里四处走动并给学生必要的帮助，确保每个学生都有发言的`机会。鼓励学询问在他们讨论时需要用的词语。他们特可以使用汉英辞典。让几组学生和全班一起给出他们的答案。把学生的想法写在黑板上。
（步骤3）读，说
学生用书低11页第一部分。口语录音带第9课。合上书。把下列这个问题写在黑板上：What has the factory been doing?方录音杨学生汀病赵答案。核对答案。（It has been pouring waste water into the river near it.）教学生词pour, waste,dirty和词组be afraid of.把书打开。在访一边录音让学生听并让他们跟着重复。
和全班一起做练习死地9课怜惜1。
（步骤四）介绍信语言项目
收集一个学生的资料，斌感召下列方式在黑板上画一时间轴线：
rd
1988→→→1994→→→ 2000→→→now
born started 3 year
primary jr.middle
school school
让学生两人一组就这些问题进行问答练习，并把他们同伴的经历画一时间轴线。
讨论那些他们的时间轴线写在黑板上的学生的情况。说He/She was born(fourteen) years ago.He/She started primary school(eight) years ago. He/She finished primary school just over(two)years ago.让个别学生用同样的方式谈论他们的同伴。
复习单词since和for:说He/She has been at this school since 2000.说Istarted at this school in 19(97). I’ve been here…(向学生打手是要他们完成这个句子)since19(97)/for(five)years.
谈论另外一个老师。在黑板上写下这位老师开始在这个学校教书的日期。这一次，把how long has (Miss Li)been at this school?这个文具介绍给学生。在这里使用现在完成实施用来表示动作的延续性，或者发生在过去而已含蓄到现在的状态。
（步骤5）问、答
学生用书第11页地2部分。让两个学生自愿模仿练习第一个对话。教学生词member,join,on(意思是about)和environment.接着让另外两个学生模仿练习第二个对话。让学生良人一组活动，用方框里的词语编写他们自己的对话。样机组学生和全班一起给出他们的对话。
（步骤6）练习册
做练习册第9课练习2和3。练习2营全班一起来完成。鼓励学生提问半晌其他学申个入药总是提问他们的同伴。如果时间允许，让几个学生谈一谈他们采访过的其中一个学生。提起学生注意，这个练习里的所有动词所表示的动作都能延续一段时间。
练习3可以单独完成。
家庭作业：
完成练习册里的练习。
把练习3写在练习本里。【人教版必修第三册Unit】相关文章：
4.第三册数一数
10.人教版高中语文必修一教案
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