高考阅读理解的题型和解题思路(高二英语培优材料) (中学英语教学论文)
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篇1：高考阅读理解的题型和解题思路(高二英语培优材料) (中学英语教学论文)
一、直接信息题（细节理解题）
直接信息题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。其题目设计的方式一般有：
1、以who, what, when, where 等疑问词开头提问短文的具体内容。
2、以true or false 形式，让考生判断文章某一事实或细节。
3、以According to the text, From the text 开头，考查某一细节。
4、句意转换理解。
5、就文中具体内容进行简单计算，排序，识图等。
解题方法：这类题目的信息一般在文章中可以直接找到，大家只要抓准文中与题目有关的信息词、句，稍加分析，便可得出正确答案。
1、句意理解题
它不仅考查读者对句子的表层理解,有时还需要读者结合上下文和平时的知识积累,生活常识来判断或推测句子的深层含义.
1)表层理解:根据题干,缩小需要理解的相关段落范围,锁定句子中的关键词,明确句子中的语法关系
2)深层理解:结合语境,抓住表示因果,转折,递进,并列等关系的连词,分析上下文之间的逻辑关系,利用背景知识,结合作者的语气,综合分析.
2、计算,识图题
1).弄清楚文字,材料,图表和图形.
2).整体把握,分析文字和图表或图表之间的联系
3).利用史地和数学知识等计算
解题注意项:
1).抓住解题的关键句,理清含义.
2).利用表示因果,转折,递进,并列等关系的连词,准确把握句子间的关系
3).辨清文章结构:全文是总分总结构,还是总分结构,分总结构,文章各段之间有何联系?所举例子是正面例证还是反面例证?
4).特别注意一般信息和最终信息之间的区别,本质和现象的区别,避免以偏概全.
5).排除文章中已明确表述,无需再度推断的事实,以及与文章明显不符合的选项.
二、推理判断题
推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。其题目设计的方式一般有：
We can infer(推断）from the passage that ______ .
The story suggests(暗示）that _______ .
We can conclude(得出结论）from the passage that _______ .
Which of the following might happened later ?
The passage is probably taken from a ________ .
The writer of the passage considers it _______ .
要求: 从文章的某一细节或者某些段落推断出文章没有直接表述的内容,即那些不言自明的情节和结论.
实质: 根据已知的事实,来获取未知的信息.分析,研究文章是根本.
命题形式:直接型和间接型
直接型:
题目中出现infer , suggest, imply, conclude等字样,明确指出需推断的内容.
间接型：
题目中没有出现”需推理”字样,但是只有推断文章的某一部分内容的言外之意才能得出答案.
态度观点题
解答思路:
1).抓住文章和选项中反映态度,语气的关键词,特别醒目的形容词和副词,分清是褒还是贬
2).把握文章的中心和分析文章的段落结构.
出题角度:
a.主题观点态度:考查对整篇文章的写作意图和作者态度的把握.
b.细节观点态度:分析和领会作者对某些描绘的意图
提问方式:
a. What is the writer/author`s attitude/view towards…?
b.The writer/author believes (implies,suggests) that ______.
c.The writer/author seems to agree(think) that…
d.The writer/author tries to tell us _____.
e.The writer/author`s tone would be best described as _____.
应对方法:
1.仔细审题,准确理解各选项的含义,找到文章中有关的句段，切忌脱离原文，只凭自已的主观臆断、想象。
2.抓住关键词句,辨清相关内容的语法及逻辑关系(因果,对比等等)。
3.排除文章中表述明确而不需推理的事实和与文章明显无关的选项，可以结合常识判断，但决不能以自已的常识代替逻辑推理。
三、主旨大意题
主旨大意题型主要测试读者对短文的全面理解和概括能力，也就是读者从阅读的材料中概括和归纳出文章最核心的内容.
提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。针对主旨问题的提问一般比较笼统，不涉及具体内容，所以有时不易直接在文中找到答案。
为了要准确而又迅速地找到短文的中心句（表达中心思想的主题句），我们首先要明确作者的写作意图和文章的结构。
1、表达中心思想的主题句出现在篇首。
2、表达中心思想的主题句出现在篇末。
3、含有中心思想的主题句出现在文章中间。
4、文章中没有哪一句明确表达主旨大意时，主旨大意已隐含在全文中。针对短文中心思想或主旨大意提问的方式主要有以下几种：
1.The best title for this article is ______ .
2. The passage is about ______ .
3. What’s the main idea of this passage ?
4. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage ?
5. What is the text mainly about? ?
答题注意点：
1).研究文章的题目和副标题
2).浏览全文的各个段落,了解每个段落的大意
3).逐段阅读文章,集中理解关键词,抓住每段的主题句,对阐述主题的例子可跳过
4).抓住每一个段落的大意后,综合概括全文的中心.一般来说,全文的中心就是在每个段落都进行了描写或论述的内容.
5).阅读该小题的所有选项,对比分析其异同,并尝试用所选选项带文章中印证各段内容是否支持这一主题.
四、猜测词义题
1).利用上下文. 上下文即语境.或者上句或者下句,或者对陌生词的对比和解释.只要仔细寻找,正确分析句子结构,就会找到理解的关键线索,然后根据逻辑推理得出词义.如该词的同义词,反义词或近义词往往会在上下文出现
2).利用构词法.英语中许多名词是利用派生,合成,转化等方法形成的,因此要积累常见的词根和词缀等知识.
3).结合自己的生活常识和社会经验进行推断
此类题的常见题型:
a. Which of the following is nearest/closet in meaning to “…”?
b. What does the underlined word “…” mean most probably?
c.The underlined word/phrase “…” means______.
篇2：高考英语题型分类解题指导 (中学英语教学论文)
高考英语题型分类解题指导高考英语解题指导
听力解题指导
听力测试的主要形式有：对话理解，短文理解。对话理解是考查学生在一定语境或情景中所表现出的快速反应、推理判断能力；短文理解则是在此基础上考查学生对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次、有难度的听力测试形式。
高考英语听力考试的测试点包括：
1、理解对话的主旨大意
如：What’s the man doing？
A. He’s working in a hotel. B. He’s visiting a young people. C. He’s travelling around (NMET)
此听力的原文为：
W：So，how long have you been here？
M：Just a couple of days，actually，I am on a big journey.You know，I’m visiting all the places of interest here.
本题是一位男子谈论到此地的各个名胜观光的情况，其中的a big journey、visiting和places of interest here是这位男子谈话的关键，因此，考生若对此进行归纳判断就会马上明白此谈话的主旨大意，选出答案C。
2、获取对话中具体信息
为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、年代、价钱等，这些信息对理解对话，把握对话主旨是不可缺少的内容，且在试题中占相当大的比例。这类题要求学生在听清，听懂信息的同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理。有的也需要考生进行简单的计算。
3、推断对话发生的背景、地点及对话者之间的关系。对对话背景、地点、对话者之间关系的理解程度，体现了一个人对口语的理解能力。
4、理解领会对话的观点、态度及意图
这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。
培养良好的听力习惯，掌握正确的答题技巧 多听是提高听力的前题，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。
1、利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的准确率。
2、克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的试题应快速作答，对无把握的试题也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。
3、目前高考听力测试中短文理解大部分是记叙文或讲话稿，所以听录音时重在听懂每句话的意思和内涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why)、方式(how)、程度(how long，how soon，how much)、数字(how many／how much)、选择(which…)等，以便检查答案。
4、注意听短文的首句和首段，文章的开首和开首段，往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。
5、不管听什么材料，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不要强迫自己听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词即实词上，一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。
单项填空
单项填空解题技巧
一、意群分析法 所谓意群，就是句子中根据句法结构和逻辑关系必须停顿的若干部分。意群划分正确与否直接影响对句子的理解，进而影响答题。划分意群时首先要保证语法和句子结构的正确、规范，在此基础上再考虑意思是否完整通顺。如：
Whom was it up to ＿＿＿＿ the matter﹖
A． decide B． to decide C． deciding D． decided
答案为B。这里有“it is up to sb． to do sth．”这样一个句型。本句的意群应该这样来划分Whom／was it up to／to decide the matter﹖ 如果不能正确划分意群，则很可能会想当然地误选为A。
二、排同法 由于单项填空题只有一个正确答案，因此，如有两项在意义上和用法上作用相同，则可以肯定这两个选项都不能作为正确答案，这样也就缩小了选择范围。如：
What he did suggested that he ＿＿＿＿ little education．
A． receive B． received C． should receive D． receives
题干中的suggest 若作“建议”讲，则A、C两个选项均为正确答案，所以这个假设不能成立。实际上这里的suggest只能作“暗示”解释，答案应该是B。
三、排除法 在通读全题，弄清题意，分析空格，确定考查知识的前提下，采用此法对选项逐个分析推断，最后得出最佳答案。如：
-Would you like some tea﹖
-Yes, just ＿＿＿＿．
A． few B． a few C． little D． a little
四个选项可分为两类：few, a few 后接可数名词为一类; a little, little后接不可数名词为另一类。tea是不可数名词，因此可以排除A、B两项。又因为句意含有肯定意义，故选D。 又如：
-Good morning, Grand Hotel．
-Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th．
-＿＿＿＿
A． What can I do for you﹖ B． Just a minute, please．
C． What’s the matter﹖ D． At your service．
该题考查打电话的交际用语。“What can I do for you﹖”是服务员招呼顾客、询问对方需要帮什么忙时的客套话。“What’s the matter﹖”怎么啦？at sb’s service听从某人吩咐，任凭某人使用。均与客人电话中说的“I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th．”语境不符。只有填入Just a minute, please．(请等一下。) 才与会话的语境相符。故答案为B。
四、比较法 适用于所学过的语法知识或词义辨析，仔细地进行比较，最后选出正确答案。如：
My father often ＿＿＿ newspaper after supper．
A． sees B． watches C． reads D． looks
四个选项都有 “看” 的意思，但它们的用法却不同。see意为“看见”; watch用于看电视、球赛等；look用于有意识地看，若其后跟宾语，须用look at; read用于看书、看报。经过比较，得出正确答案为C。 又如：
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it
＿＿＿＿very well．
A． worked out B． tried out C． went on D． carried on
该题考查根据语境选择适当的短语动词的能力。四个选项均为短语动词，但所表达的意义不同：worked out计算出，被证明有效，切实可行；tried out实验，试用；went on 继续，进行；carried on继续下去，开展，从事。根据主句We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that 的语境及but所表示的转折意义判断，最佳答案为A。
五、习惯推断法 有的选择题不能死抠语法，而要根据习惯用法或固定搭配来选出正确答案。如：
You’d better ＿＿＿＿ before 6 o’clock．
A． to come B． come C． coming D． have come
“had better＋省略to 的不定式”是个固定结构，故直接找动词原形而得出正确答案B。又如：
-What was the evening party like﹖
-Wonderful． It’s years ＿＿＿＿ I enjoyed myself so much．
A． before B． that C． since D． when
“六、常识推断法 有的单项填空题涉及到天文、地理知识、风俗习惯、生活常识等，有的甚至要运用数学知识推算才能选出正确答案。如：
Monday is ＿＿＿＿ day of the week．
A． two B． the two C． the last D． the second
试题涉及到生活常识，Sunday 是一个星期的第一天，那么Monday就是一个星期的第二天了，故正确答案为D。 又如：
A Tale of Two Cities was written by ＿＿＿＿．
A． William Shakespeare B． Charles Dickens C．O．Henry D． Mark Twain
众所周知，《双城记》是英国著名作家狄更斯1859年发表的作品，故选B。
七、逻辑推断法 有些单项填空题的选项，从语法上分析都对，但句意不符合逻辑，所以答题时应通过逻辑推理选出正确答案。如：
Mother likes＿＿＿＿ so we always enjoy eating at home．
A． camping B． cooking C． reading D． singing
试题四个选项似乎都对，但只要认真研究一下就能发现A、C、D符合语法，但不符合逻辑，故正确答案为B。
又如：
-＿＿＿＿＿﹖
-Well, he is tall． He dresses very nicely．
A． How is your friend B． Is your friend tall C． What does your friend look like D． Could you meet
题干是一问一答的对话。从答语分析，这是对朋友身高和穿戴的描述，虽然四个选项本身都是正确的，但唯有C项符合这一特定的语境。
八、直观判断法 直观判断法又叫优先法，即认定四个选项中的一项，迅速选定，不再考虑其他选项。这一方法的优点在于只要有相关的语言知识，一眼就能捕捉到解题的信息，从而立刻做出选择，即使在题干或选项中存在生词，或对它不甚了解，也可不加理会。如：
Never before that night ＿＿＿＿＿ the extent of my own power．
A． had I felt B． I felt C． did I feel D． I had felt
句子以never, seldom, not until等否定词开头时，采用倒装语序。考生看到这样的句子，应立即有主谓倒装的反应，并选定A项为正确答案。又如：
Her appearance is quite different ＿＿＿＿ that of her mother．
A． of B． with C． as D． from
be different from 为固定搭配，所以要选D项，置A、B、C于不顾，迅速转至下题。
九、标点法 标点符号的作用不可忽视。标点符号看似微不足道，但它往往可以使语言准确，或起到某种表意的作用。在做题时，一个标点符号也可能决定一个题的答案。如：
＿＿＿＿＿, the world is made up of matter．
A． It is known that B． We all know C． What we know is D． As we all know
题干中有一个逗号，这就决定了 “the world is made up of matter”不可能是A的主语从句，B的宾语从句，或C的表语从句，这样，D无疑是正确答案。从分析中我们得知，这个选项是由关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句。又如：
＿＿＿＿ for a long time, but he tried his best to catch up with his classmates．
A． Having been ill B． Being ill C． He was ill D． Though ill
此题在but之前有一逗号，表明此题为用逗号连接的两个并列分句，因此判断逗号之前的部分一定是个完整的句子。观察A、B、C、D四个选项，只有C项能构成完整的句子，故C为正确答案。
十、一致法 句子的前后关系要一致。这种一致关系包括：主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致、比较对象一致、逻辑关系一致以及句子结构一致等。如：
It is much easier to remember some new words than ＿＿＿＿ in many sentences．
A． use them B． to use them C． using them D． used
题干空白处应填的动词是than引导的比较状语从句中真正的主语（从句和主句相同的部分省略了）。根据结构对应原则，选项应与主句一样，也应该是动词不定式，故B是正确答案。又如：
The Parkers bought a new house but ＿＿＿＿ will need a lot of work before they can move in．
A． they B． it C． one D． which
该题考查代词指代一致的用法。做题的关键是弄清楚but引导的并列分句中作主语的代词究竟是用来代替前一个分句中的主语the Parkers,还是宾语a new house。由空白后“will need a lot of work before they can move in” 的语境可以确定，此空的代词是用来代替a new house。it和one都可以代替前文提到的单数可数名词，以避免重复。但it代替特定之物，one泛指同类中的某一个，故最佳答案为B。
十一、复原法 退一步复原，进一步做题。这种方法主要用来解决一些非正常语序的题目，如被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句等。由于语序的变动，不少学生对此不熟悉，不习惯，我们可以先复原为陈述语序，再来做题。如：
Was it from the old worker ＿＿＿＿ we learned a lot in the factory﹖
A． who B． that C． which D． where
先把题干恢复成陈述语序：It was from the old worker ＿＿＿＿ we learned a lot in the factory． 这样一来就比较容易看出from the old worker是It was 的强调部分，题干是一个强调句型，所以答案是B。又如：
Never have we had ＿＿＿＿ weather before．
A． such a fine B． such fine C． so fine D． so fine a
这是由否定词never引导的倒装句，我们可以先将其复原为陈述语序：We have never had＿＿＿＿ weather before．这样我们更容易选出正确答案B。
十二、补全时间状语(此种方法对付动词时态尤为有效)
例如：--You haven“t said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it？
--I”m sorry.I_______any thing about it sooner.I certainly think it“s pretty on you.
A.wasn”t saying B.don“t say
C.won”t say D.didn“t say
该题补全时间状语为sooner before，or sooner than today，则非常明显的意为过去没有说，故正确答案为D。
十三、准确的翻译(此种方法对付冠词尤为有效)
例如：Jumping out of____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite____exciting experience.
A.不填；the B.不填；an
C.an；an D.the；the
该题的正确译法是：从1万英尺高的一架飞机上跳下来是一次非常令人兴奋的经历。注意翻译成一架而不是那架，一次而不是那次，所以用不定冠词。答案为C。
十四、把省略部分补全
例如：Bores has brains. In fact I doubt whether any one in the class has____IQ.
A.a highB.a higher C.the higher D.the highest
该题省略了than he does.所以应用比较级，并且此处的比较级表达最高级的含义，所以正确答案为B。
又如：The research is so designed that once_____nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun
该题省略了it is，明显的为被动语态，所以选D。
十五、找准时间状语
例如：I wonder why Jenny____us recently.We should have heard from her by now.
A.hasn”t written B.doesn“t write C.won”t write D.hadn“t written
该题的时间状语为recently，用于完成时中，因此选A。
高考考生单项选择题答题失误分析
(一)掌握基础知识僵化，缺乏灵活应用的能力
[例1]Many people agree that________ knowledge of English is a must in________ international trade today .
A．a；/ B．the；an C．the；the D．/；the
分析：学生存在对knowledge为不可数名词的定式理解，因此选C或D。这里考查的是某一种知识，如a knowledge of history要用不定冠词。例如：He has a wide knowledge of geography .而international trade“国际贸易”在此作为抽象泛指概念，前面用零冠词。应选A。
[例2]Paper money was in ________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in________ thirteenth century . A．the；/ B．the；the C．/；the D．/；/
分析：to be in use被使用，是一固定表达。类似的含零冠词短语如：be in hospital，be in prison，be in fear等。根据序数词前加定冠词的语法习惯，thirteenth前要加定冠词the，因此选C。
[例3] You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again .
A．when B．where C．then D．there
分析：此题考查以where引导的地点状语从句。
[例4] Carol said the work would be done by October ,________ personally I doubt very much .
A．it B．that C．when D．which
分析：从主从句之间的逗号，可判断考查的是非限定定语从句。只能用which，不可用that，which在从句中作动词doubt的宾语。如用it代替上文提及的事，只可用两个单独的句子：
Carol said the work would be done by October .
Personally I doubt it very much .
[例5] The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ,________it more difficult .
A．not make B．not to make C．not making D．do not make
分析：学生误选not making，是把此句看成了分词结构作伴随状语。而实际上本题考查两个并列的不定式短语构成表语从句，中间有逗号分开，因此B．not to make是应答的选项。
[例6] We'll have to finish the job ,________ .
A．long it takes however B．it takes however long
C．long however it takes D．however long it takes
分析：只有 however long it takes是让步状语从句的词序结构，因此选D。however＋adj./adv.等于no matter how＋adj./adv.即：No matter how long it takes ,we'll have to finish the job.
[例7] When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door________“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
分析：考查现在分词作宾语补足语，应选D。它与其前的宾语构成复合宾语，类似表示感觉的动词，如：find，hear，listen to，watch，notice等。例：I saw the pretty girl dancing in the park .He suddenly felt the house shaking .句中pinned to the door是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 message。
[例8] After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town________ he grew up as a child .
A．which B．where C．that D．when
分析：本题涉及关系词的选用。定语从句中不缺主语宾语，所以不考虑A，C；参照先行词与定语从句的关系，应确定用where表示地点，故选B。
[例9] ________it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A．When left B．Leaving C．If you leave D．Leave
分析：看到句中的并列连词and，应明确“and”连接前面的祈使句与后面的肯定句，两部分是并列平行结构。应选D。
[例10] Why do you want a new job ________you've got such a good one already？
A．that B．where C．which D．when
分析：参照语境，应选连词when引导后面的时间状语从句。when除作“当……时候”讲之外，在该句中应译作“既然”。
[例11]Sarah hopes to become a friend of________ shares her interest .
A．anyone B．whomever C．whoever D．no matter who
分析：本题测试疑问代词引导名词性从句的用法。这里的从句是介词。of后面的宾语从句。of在此句中起干扰作用。anyone和 no matter who是不能引导名词性从句的，应排除。whoever引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语；whomever则作宾语。由此可判断这里应选whoever来做从句中 shares her interest的主语。
[例12] The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see________ the next year .
A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
分析：此题考查考生对过去分词的掌握。过去分词在句子中作see的宾语补足语，这个句子较复杂，但只要把句子结构还原，就一目了然。the plan在句子中是定语从句的先行词，在定语从句 that they would like to see中作宾语，所以还原后变成 they would like to see the plan carried out的形式。因此正确答案为C。
[例13] The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when he saw it .
A．was travelling B．travelled C．had been travelling D．was to travel
分析：此题考查考生对时态的掌握情况。根据前后理解，答案应选 A。因为后句有一个暗示“when he saw it”，因此此句的句型是：过去进行时＋ when ＋过去时。
[例14] It is the ability to do the job________ matters not where youcome from or what you are .
A．one B．that C．what D．it
分析：此题考查考生对真正主语从句的判断理解。本句it是形式主语，that引导后一句作真正的主语从句。故选B。
(二)缺乏参照语境意识，无法确认题眼
[例1]-I'm going to the post office .
-________you're there ,can you get me some stamps？
A．As B．While C．Because D．If
分析：在那里和买邮票两个动作是同时进行的，用连词while比as更恰当。
[例2]________him and then try to copy what he does .
A．Mind B．Glance at C．Stare at D．Watch
分析：mind注意，小心；glance at一瞥；stare at凝视；只有用watch才可表示较长时间的关注、观看。
[例3] Few pleasures can equal________ of a cool drink on a hot day .
A．some B．any C．that D．those
分析：考查指示代词that的用法。等同的双方是few pleasures和 a cool drink。that指代前面提到的 few pleasures，用 of连接与之相当的 a cool drink。这是一句以肯定句式表否定意义的句子。应将 few pleasures作为一个整体概念，表单数意义。因此不可选those。
[例4]-Do you think the stars will beat the Bulls？
-Yes. They have better players ,so I________ them to win .
A．hope B．prefer C．expect D．want
分析：hope希望；prefer更喜欢；want想要。从说话人的语气可判断是对未来事情的预期愿望，这里选“expect期待”较符合句意。
[例5] The price________ ,but I doubt whether it will remain so .
A．went down B．will go down C．has gone down D．was going down
分析：句中的remain(保持)一词，说明价位已定，所以选择C项的现在完成时。
[例6] Shirley________ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it .
A．has written B．wrote C．had written D．was writing
分析：考生因看到干扰词语last year，所以多选B．wrote；而but后面的句子是题眼：使用现在完成时，表示迄今为止我不知道她是否写完了。说此话时，她仍在写，故用过去进行时，选D。
[例7] You'll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London .
A．price B．cost C．value D．usefulness
分析：有学生可能选D项：usefulness。因为只认识value作“价值”讲，但value还有“有用性、重要性、有益处”的意思。如：The dictionary will be of great value to you inlearning English .这本字典对你学英语大有好处。
[例8] The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone________get out .
A．had to B．would C．could D．was able to
分析：选项中的had to表示“不得不”；would则强调人们的主观愿望；could表示一种本能；只有was able to表示克服困难得以脱险的事实：每个人都能从险情中跑出来。因此选D。
[例9] The train leaves at 6∶00 pm .So I have to be at the station________5∶40 pm at the latest .
A．until B．after C．by D．around
分析：第一句已说明火车下午6点发车，参照语境应考虑在6点之前的概念。around表示前后左右；而by则表示靠近或接近的意思。by 5∶40即表示在5∶40以前。因此选择C。
[例10] Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard-________ ,you failed .
A．in the end B．after all C．in other words D．at the same time
分析：in the end表示结果，最终；after all是“毕竟”的意思；at the same time是“同时”；与句子的意思通达的应该是in other words。句中的“didn't reach the required standard”和“failed”是同等含义。
[例11]________you've got a chance ,you might as well make full useof it .
A．Now that B．After C．Although D．As soon as
分析：四个选项中只有 now that表示“既然”的意思。从结构上讲，这是一个由 now that引导的让步状语从句，应选A。
[例12]-Are the new rules working？
-Yes.________ books are stolen .
A．Few B．More C．Some D．None
分析：从句子的下文yes的肯定回答，可以知道新规定有效。从逻辑上讲，应该是书丢的不多。不可能是“更多”、“有些”或根本“没有”。因此选few，表示“不多、少”。
[例13] -When shall we meet again？
-Make it________ day you like；it's all the same to me .
A．one B．any C．another D．some
分析：考查不定代词的用法。情境参照是：从day you like可看出此处要表达的是“任何一天”。 one day指过去或将来的某一天，another day指改天，some day指将来的一天。因此答案选B。
[例14] Let Harry Play with your toys as well ,Clare ,you must learn to________
A．support B．care C．spare D．share
分析：此题通过语境考查学生对动词的使用情况。根据前句“Harry也想玩玩具”推出后句让Clare和Harry一起分享玩具，不要自私，选D。
[例15] -You've left the light on．
-Oh，so I have .________and turn it off .
A．I'll go B．I've gone C．I go D．I'm going
分析：此题通过语境考查考生对英语特定语境动词时态的掌握情况。依题意要用将来时表达已经知道灯还亮着，现在将马上去关灯。D看似可以，但and后turn是动词原形。因此选A。
(三)掌握交际用语及固定搭配的功底薄弱
[例1] -I had a really good weekend at my uncle's .
-________.
A．Oh，that's very nice of you B．Congratulations
C．It's a pleasure D．Oh，I'm glad to hear that
分析：礼貌用语的问答要对位。如听到对方说一件愉快的事，答语应是：I'm glad to hear that . 反之答语为：I'm sorry tohear that .
[例2] -Hey ,look where you are going？
-Oh ,I'm terribly sorry. ________ .
A．I'm not noticing B．I wasn't noticing C．I haven't noticed D．I didn't notice
分析：“I wasn't noticing．”是一句致歉的固定表达语：(很抱歉，)我没注意。该句答语显然带着歉意。如果用“I didn't notice.”，则是表示“我未曾留意到你”。本题目以时态形式设问，其实考查的是习惯表达。
[例3] If no one ________the phone at home ,ring me at work .
A．returns B．replies C．answers D．receives
分析：牢记 answer the phone；answer the door等这样的固定搭配。
[例4] -What about having a drink？
-________ .
A．Good idea B．Help yourself C．Go ahead D．Me，too
分析：此题考查对话语作出回应的语言表达，考查考生掌握英语日常交际用语的能力，依题意答案选A。这是征求对方是否想去喝点东西的问话，要对方作出回答，对方说Good idea，意味着愿意一起去。 B、C、D都不通情理。(B．随便吃，别客气。C．请用。D．我也一样。)
[例5] -Waiter！
-________
-I can't eat this .It's too salty .
A．Yes，sir？ B．What？ C．All right？ D．Pardon？
分析：此题是历年来没出现过的三对话式题目，较有新意，考查学生在具体语境中的应变能力，在餐馆中侍者如何应答顾客。凭表面现象四个选项均可填入此空中，但不难发现，B属于中式英语，显得不礼貌、不地道。C、D与下句不吻合，所以选A。
(四)通过理念思维确认词语能力较弱
[例1] Wait till you are more________ .It's better to be sure than sorry .
A．inspired B．satisfied C．calm D．certain
分析：因没看懂句子的意思，有学生选calm，认为是要冷静，不要过急。该句的sure与certain是对应词，表示“确信”、“有把握”。这句话是用来劝戒别人的。而inspired(鼓舞)、satisfied(满意)等与本句意思不符。
[例2] Don't all speak at once！________ ,please .
A．At one time B．one by one time C．One for each time D．One at a time
分析：从语境可知，空缺词应是“一次一个”，应选 One at atime。其他选项都不通：at one time表示“过去曾有一段时间”，一般与过去时连用。One by one表示“一个接一个”，但不可以说one by one time。学生的问题是不知道at once在此处是 at the same time(同时)的意思。
[例3] It is wise to have some money________ for old age
A．put away B．kept up C．given away D．laid up
分析：考查短语词语的辨义。学生对答案 put away只知道是“收拾”、“放一边”，而不知在此处表示“存(钱)”。其他选项是 keep up(保持)，given away(送掉)，laid up(贮藏)。因此最佳答案是A。
[例4] If you keep on ,you'll succeed________ .
A．in time B．at one time C．at the same time D．on time
分析：学生更熟悉 in time/on time是“及时”、“按时”之意。在此处 in time相当于 sooner or later。答案为 A。
完形填空解题技巧
一、把握文章的主旨
先通读原文，迅速了解文章大意，熟悉语境，初步理解整篇文章，对试题作初步估计。完形填空的第一句话是不设空的，它非常的重要，往往会告诉考生这篇文章的主旨是什么，所以考生要特别注意这个句子。
二、捕捉文章中的关键信息词进行分析处理
例如：( ’03北京春季45)
……and then both ended up from the same high school.Just three weeks before _45 ,Bill asked Mark if they could talk.
A.graduation B.movement C.separation D.vacation
上文and then both ended up from the same high school 提供了重要信息线索，由此可判断出发生在他们毕业的前三周。vacation是干扰项，一些考生没有仔细分析文中所提供的信息，作出了错误的选择。答案为A。
三、注意整体理解，重视意义填空
例如：(’00全国50)
I knew then that Amy and I would be _________and my first year of college would be a success.
A.sisters B.friends C.students D.fellow
从全文整体内容很容易排除A和D。根据Amy的热情接待，作者预感到她与Amy会成为朋友。答案为B。
四、注意同义词，近义词的辨析，要在上下文语境中正确理解词义并准确运用
例如：(’03北京春季50)
You see ,I _________clean out my locker because I didn t want to leave a mess _________50anyone else .
A.overB.intoC.with D.for
本题区别短语含义：leave sth for sb把某物留给某人。我不想把脏乱留给别人。leave out 省去略去，leave sth with sb 把某物交给某人。这是一道难度较大的题目。虽然考生对leave 一词很熟，但对选项中的短语十分生疏。这就要求考生在复习过程中对词汇进行适当的扩展，以便在考试中正确理解词汇含义，做出正确选择，从而取得较好成绩。答案为D。
五、从常识、逻辑推理的角度考虑
例如：(’00全国46)
Then,she _________turned down the music and looked over at _46_“and of course ,you re Mr Faber,” she said,_________smiling.
A.Dad B.me C.the door D.the floor
当一个陌生人进入自己的房间时，主人不可能看着门或地板说话，因此很容易排除C、D。而选项A中的Dad在上文中多次提到，故又排除B。答案为A。
注意固定的搭配。包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的
搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：
1) They spend millions of dollars yearly __2__ newspapers and magazines…
A. in B. to C. on D. at
2) Many people know that their companies watch them __13__ work…
A. in B. off C. at D. for
3) Some people in India do not eat meat or fish __6__.
A. after all B. in the end C. at all D. no longer
4) The world's population is becoming __7__.
A. faster and faster B. more and more C. larger and larger D. more terrible
5) The city (Washington) was named __13__ George Washington, the first president of the United States.
A. by B. for C. as D. after
根据动作的发出者确定所选的词
1) And video cameras can be used to __16__ people's actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
2) Washington D.C. __3__ between Virginia and Maryland on the Potomac River.
A. lays B. lies C. sits D. seats
3) The brain then has to decide what to do, and __12__ its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, and so on, …
A. send B. sends C. reach D. reaches
4) Had anything been taken? She went from room to room __7__ and found her camera and spare watch missing.
A. looking B. examining C. searching D. checking
5) The watch, which Mrs Smith had __1__ on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared.
A. seen B. dropped C. found D. laid
根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项
1) … and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange __8__ quite pleasant taste.
A. besides B. but C. and D. or
2) A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry… __11__, radio broadcasts are better for blind people.
A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes
3) He __36__ lost his job as a postman__37__ he sent off all the letters he should have taken to people's houses.
36.A. thus B. even C. once D. only
37.A. even if B. so that C. because D. though
4) Hands up __50__ get out!
A. or B. and C. but D. to
5) (Should) the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket __46__ turned over to the policeman?
A. and B. or C. then D. but
根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项
1) (Immediately), the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the __13__ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
2) …, because the earth __2__ twenty-four time zones, one hour apart.
A. gives B. is drawn C. is divided into D. shows
3) …, You __10__ the international dateline. By agreement, this is the point where a new day __12__.
10.A. cross B. see C. are on D. are stopped by
12.A. is coming B. begins C. is discovered D. is invented
4) “Don't be afraid,” he said and started to swim towards the river bank, __15__ the boy with him.
A. pushing B. dragging C. holding D. catching
5) But the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great __11__ of the fire.
11.A. pile B. heat C. power D. pressure
阅读理解
阅读理解短文的思考题类型有：
A回答wh-引导的疑问句，可在短文中直接找到答案。
B转换理解。就是把短文中的某些词汇或短语用正确的英语释义替换。
C概括综合回答。提出的问题让考生用简捷语言概括综合答出。
D推理判断。让考生在理解全篇短文后，对某一问题进行推理判断正误
阅读理解能力主要从七个方面反映到所设计的试题上：
1.文章的话题； 2.文章的中心思想； 3.文章的细节； 4.文章的结构；
5.文章的寓意； 6.词义、语义的猜测； 7.逻辑推理、判断
而干扰项的干扰性一般存在如下五个方面：
1.脱离原文； 2.以偏概全； 3.扩缩范围； 4.偷换概念； 5.正误并存
二、阅读理解题答题技巧
阅读方法
1.“略读”主要目的要了解文章主题及大意，辨识文体，掌握全篇结构。
2.“浏览”先通读“题干”，做到“心中有数”之后，再次阅读短文，按照题干所规定的范围与方向，逐题选出最佳答案。
3. 重点核查，对照全文与各题所选答案，核实是否一致，是否合乎情理与逻辑，使答案准确无误。
在快速浏览全篇文章，了解文章内容的基础上，考生要注意：
1抓住文章首句
文章中的头一句话往往是短文中关键的语句，即文章的主题句，是探察全文内容的窗口。了解首句含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的关键词语，从而获得解决问题的答案。
2细察段首段尾
每段首句和尾句，一般是表达文章中的主题和段落中心思想的，各段的段落大意往往概括在一个主题句中，其它句子只是对主题句的补充、说明、解释或引申。因此，起读之后，视域内首先要搜索目标，即段落中的主题句。英语短文的主题句一般都在段落末尾或开头。
3进行合理推断
对文章有了详细、全面了解之后，就要按照文章要求，上下文的逻辑关系，作出推进判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面因素。答题时要领会句子之间的逻辑关系，特别是相邻句子之间的关系，这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词、副词、代词、介词、关系词、插入语，通读时应特别注意。如：if,because,though,as,which,it,and,but,however,therefore,so,for,example,I’m afraid,so that,so……that等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件、原因、让步，指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用分布在文章中的各个位置，起着指示路灯的作用，正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用，对阅读理解短文是大有好处的。
4猜测推敲生词 阅读短文时，常常遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的阅读理解，很可能猜测出生词的大意。还可以从生词的上下句子，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含意。 猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据词型推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： unforeseeable一词，其中词根see,fore的含意是“先前、预的”意思，un前缀是“不”的意思，因此可以猜知，此词是“未能预见”的形容词。
5细扣题目要求 纵观历年高考试题，阅读理解试题一般有以下几种答题法：一是完形填空法；二是多项选择法；三是短文内容直接回答who、whom、which、what、where、when、why、how等疑问词的问题；四是综合概括回答法。 在阅读文章时，有时试题内容恰好是你所熟悉的题材，但不能立刻就答，一定要仔细看完、看清楚试题要求再回答。因为试题的要求往往与你所想象的有出入，不能马虎。
6带着问题阅读 这种方法是先阅读一下短文后面的思考题，了解思考题的要求，然后带着问题到短文中去找寻答案。这样做心中有数，带着问题去读短文，可缩短阅读时间，效果也就会更好。
NMET短文改错的解题基本思路
一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。
二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。
具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：
一．时态一致 短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。
例1． My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. (NMET’98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was 虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。
例2． I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET’ 2000)
此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。
例3． Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET’ 93)第一个is 与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语in the past 一致。
二．主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。
例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (NMET’2000) 主语为A and B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。
例5．The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class after a few games.(NMET’93)主语为A or B时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes .
例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong… (NMET’98) 此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing才可与此处其它部分一致。
三．平行一致 not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。
例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( NMET’98)依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文makes保持一致，改为gives.
例8．It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (NMET’96) 此句中的drove应与前文to meet保持平行，故改为drive。
四．数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致
例9．We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese…(NMET’97) quite a few只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject应改为subjects.
例10．They … asked me lots of question.(NMET’96)与lots of保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.
五．主饰一致 句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。
除了例9，例10外，还有
例11．…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET) all 若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。
例12．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(NMET2000) all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate应为schoolmates.
例13．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET’99) Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。
例14．I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET’95)修饰名词，应为a wonderful time.
六．指代一致 用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性 上与上下文保持一致。
例15．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (NEMT’96) The Smiths 为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数 their.
例16．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (NMET’97)此处应为作主语的关系代词which.
例17． And I can’t forget the food you cooked for I. (NMET’95)此处I 应作介词的宾语，故改为me 才可保持一致。
七．语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。
例18．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT’94)与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。
八．搭配一致 句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。
例19． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET’2000) 后跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.
例20．I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET’97) look forward to 中to 是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。
例21．But it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (NMET’2000)与其后or not 保持一致时应用whether。
例22．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001) in any other words意为“换言之”，应为in other words。
九．逻辑一致 这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与go等。
例23．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET’2000)上下文看，应为She---my English teacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but 应为and。
例24．Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET’99)从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone 改为everyone或everybody.
二、注意短文改错应试中的非智力因素
1. 正确理解做题要求，搞清楚改什么(改一个单词，不是两个，也不是改标点符号，怎么改(删除、补漏、纠错)。答卷一定要规范，各种符号不能缺少，位置也要正确。
2. 并非每行都有错，无错行一般为一行，若做题结果为多行无错，则说明可能仍有未被发现的错误，需进一步查找。
3. 拼写错误已取消。
4. 短文改错以行为单位设置错误，但有些长句要占二、三行，单从一行很难断定，应把句与行结合起来。如果你在一行中找到两处错误，说明你的答案肯定有问题。
5. 短文改错有别于单句改错。要从全文着眼，特别要注意动词与逻辑错误
篇3：高考英语阅读理解答题技巧分类指导 (中学英语教学论文)
一．客观信息题
客观信息题旨在考查对文章提供的“表层信息”，即事实部分的摄取。通常包括以下三类：
（一）事实细节判断
1． 解题指导 事实细节判断题的命题特点是：所提问题一般可直接从文章中或间接找到答案。
故解题原则是：忠实于原文，决不要主观臆断。其干扰项的特点是：偷梁换柱，即偷换概念，将正确的时间、地点、数量等作一些变化，从而对正确选项进行干扰。细节与中心内容的关系是辩证的，只有抓住中心才能正确理解有关细节。同时文章事实细节不是孤立的，所以要注意上下文及全篇的逻辑联系，才能做出准确判断。弄懂文章的组织结构对迅速捕捉所需信息也很重要。
2．实例练与析
China sees the key to its future success in its west.
“The population is large, the land is cheap, and the natural resources are plentiful,” said Zeng Peiyan, China’s economic planning minister.
The blueprint calls for vast investment（投资）in government spending on basic infrastructure （基础设施）and on luring foreign and domestic investment westward. Yet it raises questions about how China can attract investors to a landlocked region that does not have good roads and railways. The area also lacks modern technology and skilled, educated workers.
The government, however, says the west’s abundant (丰富的) natural resources can make it a good investment.
The western development strategy is a top agenda item at the 11-day annual meeting of the National People’s Congress that began on March 5.
Delegates have demanded new policies to encourage investment. These include preferential tax laws, low-interest, long-term loans, special economic zones and more support for education.
The west account for about two-thirds of China’s land and almost one-fourth of its people.
Aided by the central government’s policy of situating (安排) important industries inland for defensive purposes, the region relatively grew quickly for the first three decades of new China.
But since China began dismantling its planned economy 20 years ago, rural incomes have lagged.
Nine out of ten of China’s poorest 80 million people live in the west where illiteracy (文盲) is
common. Excessive logging (过分砍伐) and intensive (集约) farming have wreaked environmental havoc(大破坏) in the region.
The government’s outline for western development calls for establishing more high value-added industries there. Provinces that depended mainly on farming, mining, tobacco and metallurgy would develop food processing industries, tourism, electronic, and natural gas production.
1. Which of the following is the most important factor that attracts foreign and domestic investors?
A. The west has abundant natural resources. B. It has a large population.
C. It has better basic infrastructure. D. It has plentiful resource of talents.
2. According to the passage, which of the statements is True?
A. The central government has always situated important industries in the coastal areas.
B. The western provinces should mainly develop farming, mining, tobacco and metallurgy.
C. Delegates suggested the government spend more on education to support the western development.
D. Farming is one of the factors that cause the environmental havoc
答案与简析：这是一段有关西部开发的文章。从宏观的角度谈了西部地区开发的优、劣势。涉及的细节性问题很多，所以准确的判断细节，是阅读词类文章的应必备的技能。 1. A。见第四段。其余三项中，B不是主要因素，C和D正是西部缺乏的。2. C。答案根据第六段得出。五、六十年代，很多重工业都在西部，故A不对；西部应主要从事食品加工、旅游、电子工业、天然气等（最后一段），所以B亦错；使环境遭到严重破坏的是过分砍伐和集约型农业生产，而并非一般农业生产，故D不对。
（二）数据推算题
1．解题指导 数据推算类题一般说来不是很难，解题时必须注意的是，不要单纯从某个数据或现象出发，简单得出结论；而应对相关内容进行逻辑分析，同时要具有并利用相关的常识和生活经验，进行周密分析。例如本文第1题有的考生很容易漏掉商店老板。又如第2题，若不把Mukerji被骗的情况与泰国每年从旅游者那里骗得的钱结合起来，就无法得出正确答案。
2．实例练与析
Sandeep Mukerji was on his first visit to Thailand but would leave the “Land of Smiles” with a frown（皱眉头）and an empty pocket.
A stone’s throw from the Grand Palace in Bangkok, the 26-year-old Canadian ran into a monk in a robe（穿长袍的和尚）. The monk told him that the attraction he was hoping to visit had been closed.
The monk then introduced Mukerji to a jewellery store instead. On the way there, three different people told him that it was the last day of a once-a-year, tax-free jewellery promotion to encourage tourism.
They said that tourists can make a lot of money by buying gems（宝石）in Thailand and selling them once at home.
Two hours later, Mukerji had spent US$1, 250 on a set of almost worthless jewellery.
“The whole process took me by surprise. They take advantage of your greed,” he said.
In fact, Mukerji is just one of a huge number of tourists who are cheated by the promise of making a fortune. The scam（诡计）brings Thailand more than US$10 million each year.
Although tourist police stations have displayed posters to warn of the scam, many fresh-faced tourists still fall prey to the trick.
The police say they receive five to 10 complaints a day. Many more may not realize they have been cheated until they go back home.
Thai authorities say that the jewellery scam is harmful to Thailand’s image（形象）, but getting rid of the cheats is hard.
Sanit Miphan, head of the police, said the scam has been running for about 15 years but not one jewellery shop owner has been arrested.
The shops usually open for two weeks and then close. They reopen and register（注册）under a new name. What’s more, overcharging（要价过高）itself is not breaking the law.
Yet, to keep its tourism business alive, the police said they would take action against any shop receiving more than 10 complaints.
1. How many people at least together cheated Sandeep Mukerji?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
2. Suppose everyone who was cheated lost as much as did, how many visitors to Bangkok would be cheated each year? Mukerji
A. About 6,000. B. About 8,000. C. About 10,000. D. More than 10,000.
答案与简析： 1. D。骗子包括：和尚、路途中遇到的三人以及商店老板。 2. B。Mukerji被骗了1,250美元；泰国每年从旅游者那里骗得的钱共为大约一千万美元。一千万除以一千二百五十，得数刚好为8,000。
（三）识图题
1．解题指导 做图形题类题关键在于识图；同时也要紧扣文章主题，将两者结合起来，才能得出正确答案。
2．实例练与析
A
Long ago, there lived in Greece a learned man. He was so well-known for his knowledge of almost everything that lots of people from all over the country came to learn things from him. The great man taught his students whole-heartedly and answered their questions with great patience.
One day a student asked him, “My dear teacher, didn’t you say you yourself have many more questions about things than we do? On the contrary（相反）, we students have far more than you.”
With a smile, the teacher drew two circles - one as large as a big wheel, the other smaller. “Of course, I’ve learned much more. But a teacher does not necessarily have fewer questions than his students. Now, look at these two circles. Within the big one is my knowledge of things, and within the smaller one yours. Out the circles is what is still unknown to us. Since mine is larger, the line that marks out the circle is longer. That means I have more chances to face what is still unknown. And that’s why I myself have more questions than you do. The more you learn, the more questions you have will never lean enough, you know.”
1. Which of the following pictures tells right what the teacher drew?
A. B. C. D.
2. The passage mainly tells us that ____.
A. we should learn from a learned man B. we’ll never learn enough
C. a teacher should be patient D. it is never too old to learn
答案与简析： 1. A。见第3段。先生画了两个圆圈来说明知识越多问题越多的道理。两园只是用来进行比较，而无包容或相交的关系；因此两个圆应该是相离的。 2. B。常人认为：只有知识浅薄的人才有很多问题，才需要学习；而先生的一番讲解，却道出了学无止境的道理。此乃本文主题。
B
Infrared (红外线) solar energy can be collected and used to power a number of devices. A device that gathers solar energy into a small area is called a solar-energy collector. It is based on the fact that some materials take in heat very well.
Flat-plate collectors are usually used to heat homes in places where the sun shines most of the year. They are built onto the roofs of houses.
In a common type of flat-plate collector, a metal sheet is painted black and placed on the side of the house that faces the sun. Under the metal sheet are pipes that carry water. A sheet of glass is placed about one inch above the metal plate, and the air space in between stops heat from getting away when the metal plate becomes hot.
When the collector becomes hot enough to heat the water in the pipes, the thermostat (恒温器) starts a pump. The pump moves water from a storage tank to the collector, where the water is heated. The hot water then moves back to the storage tank, where it can be piped to a radiator（散热器）to heat the house.
Look at the above picture and decide the correct order of how the flat-plate collector works.
a. Cold water moves to the storage tank.
b. Cold water is heated by the sunlight.
c. Cold water is sent from the storage tank to the collector.
d. Hot water is sent to a radiator to heat the house.
e. Hot water moves back to the storage tank.
A. c,a,b,e,d B. a,c,b,d,e C. a,c,b,e,d D. c,b,a,e,d
答案与简析：答案是C。作此类识图题时，最好实先将整个事件或过程序列中的首相和末项找出来；有首、尾项相同的选项时，再看第二项，以此类推，便可较快找出正确答案。该图是一个太阳能加热器的示意图；要加热水，首先当然得加入冷水，所以a应为第一程序；而当加热后的水通过管道进入储存箱后，最后一道程序必然就是将热气送到散热器，对房屋进行加热，所以最后一项应为d，倒数第2项为e。图不离文，文、图相联系，这是解这类题的必由之路。
二．主观判断题
主观判断题考查对文章的深层理解，包括对文章大意的归纳概括、推断作者意图或态度、推断情节或下文的发展、理解文章内涵的隐义或寓意、以及根据语境猜词悟义等。主要有以下四类：
（一）推断题
1．解题指导 做推断题时，最忌讳的是主观臆断、以偏概全。不能只注意表象，而要究其本质，要从文章本身的内容出发，认真分析字、词、句及段落间的逻辑关系；尤其要善于抓主题句，这要才能正确地解答阅读理解题。推断题一般包括两大类：（1）暗指题，即作者的言外之意，一般只能从字里行间获得信息；（2）推理题，必须从文段出发，以事实为依据，但得出的结果又绝对不是文章中给出的事实本身。
2．实例练与析
Hans Blix, a 74-year-old Swede, may be the man whose word could trigger（激发起）war in Iraq.
As the chief United Nations weapons inspector（核查者）, Blix will have to judge whether Iraq meets UN Security Council demands on disclosing its weapons of mass destruction. His report on Iraq could stand between war and peace.
Tough and calm, Blix loves rules and walks a fine line between Washington’s drumbeat of war and the natural UN inclination（倾向）against it. “I think that, if the Iraqis help and cooperate to create confidence, there remain no weapons of mass destruction, then I think there will be no war,” Blix told reporters on arrival in Moscow.
At the same time, Blix strives（tries his best）for neutrality（中立）and has frowned（dissatisfied）on US proposals that it names inspectors for his teams or send troops to open roads for them.
A lawyer with two doctoral degrees, Blix studied at Columbia and Cambridge universities and taught international law at Stockholm University. He became Sweden’s foreign minister for three years in 1978.
His retirement, in , did not last long. Blix and his wife were on a cruise（巡航）ship for Antarctica in January 2000 when UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan called. Members of the Security Council wanted him to lead the UN Monitoring, Inspection and Verification（检验）Commission - responsible for Iraq’s ballistic（弹道的）, chemical and biological weapons. He took up the post in March 2000.
1. It is inferred that ____.
A. Hans Blix will cause a war between the US and Iraq
B. Hans Blix is sure to find out quantities of mass destruction weapons in Iraq.
C. Hans Blix might cover the fact of the inspection result to void a war.
D. Hans Blix is likely to make the US disappointed.
2. Which’s probably the title of the passage?
A. A powerful UN inspector B. Can a war break out between Iraq and the US?
C. Just a word could trigger an Iraq war D. UN Weapons Inspection in Iraq continues
答案与简析：1、从第三段可知，布里克斯在伊拉克核查问题上奉行的是不偏不倚的中间道路；而第四段又告诉我们，美国希望他能与之合作，为他向伊开战铺平道路。由此可知，布里克斯会使美国失望。2、布里克斯是核查小组负责人，结果如何，联合国及整个国际社会都将听他一句话。只要查出问提，美就有依据对伊动武。所以他的一句话就可能导致对伊战争。这是主题。答案：DC。
（二）主旨大意题
1．解题指导：主旨大意题的目的是考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，即分析、归纳文章大意、重要情节人物特征等的能力。做主旨大意题，主要包括：如何确定目标、如何识别文章结构句的功能（如主题句、主题支撑句、调节句、终结句等）、如何寻找文章或段落的主题句等。一般说来，文章的主题句多置于句首或句末。所以抓主题句是解题的关键。
2．实例练与析
The real problem with pollution is people - especially the way people think about their environment. We’re all unwilling to accept the fact that our natural resources have been fixed, in fact, since the earth was born. We want to go on using raw materials. We aren’t taught to reuse resources, or even place a value on “waste” products. We’re a society in danger. At present, we Americans are fearful of losing the use of our water and air to pollution. Anyway, it’s probably a good thing that we are so concerned because now we’ll begin to change our thinking to the values of natural resources and reuse. We once thought of water and air as free. They’re not, not any more than the land is free. People haven’t wanted to be educated on the part they must play in solving our environmental problems.
1. The passage is basically concerned with ____.
A. environmental problems B. the answer to environmental problems
C. people’s attitudes towards their environment D. a society in danger
2. From the statement “We’re a society in danger”, we can conclude that ____.
A. Americans are sad about their society B. American is a warlike nation
C. serious pollution really exists here D. Americans must be made to take actions
答案与简析： 1题答案是C。文章的第一句话告诉我们：The real problem with pollution is people - especially the way people think about their environment.” 所以推出“人们对待污染问题的态度”是文章讨论的主题。其他三个选项的内容虽然文中也提到了，但纵观全文，得不出这些结论。
2题答案是C。文章的作者在列举了人们浪费自然资源、漠视环境污染的情况后指出：“我们的社会现处于危险之中”，是告诉人们严重的环境污染就在我们身边，应该端正对它的态度，采取切实措施保护环境。其他三项仅是某种程度上的推断和引申，不是最直接的结论。
（三）推断作者观点、态度类题
1．解题指导：理解作者意图，是属于深层次理解题。要求读者能根据全文内容，尤其是根据文章的基调领悟作者意图、情感、弦外之音的能力。同时读者还需要具备领悟幽默、夸张、嘲讽等风格的能力，以及理解比喻、象征等修辞手段。总之，这些都离不开对文章中心思想的把握，以及透过现象看本质的能力。
Newspapers do not always report the acts fairly. For example, a newspaper in a southern state may devote very little place to an item on local racial injustice（偏见）. On the other hand, a newspaper from the Northeast might give wide coverage to race problems in other parts of the nation and fail to repot on local troubles. In this way readers can be misled. They may be fooled into believing that prejudice is a regional problem and fail to realize that racialism knows no boundaries.
1. The fault news reporting described in the paragraph is ____.
A. the exception to general practice B. a threat to freedom of the press
C. an insult（侮辱）to journalism D. a dangerous and widespread abuse（滥用）
2. In the opinion of the author, the reporting policies of newspapers ____.
A. reflect the needs of the community B. should support the news of local readers
C. should be under the control of taxpayers D. can be made to serve private interests
答案与简析：这是一篇关于美国南、北各州的一些报纸，为了本地的利益，作不公正报道的文章。第一句即为作者的观点：报纸并非总是公正地报道事实。即有些报纸的报道是片面的。但只是没有全面报道本地的不良现象，而并没说所有报道都是不真实的，也就是说，这些都是个别现象。故知1题答案为A；同时可由此推知：某些报纸不同程度地被私人利用了，所以2题答案应为D。若不重视对主题句的理解，对文章不作全面分析，势必会根据一两个事实或现象，做出大多数报纸甚至整个报界都不可信的结论，从而在1题中误选A、B或C。因此做此类题时，一是要学会抓主题句，二是养成全面理解和分析文章的好习惯，切忌主观臆断，否则对2题会误选A、B或C。答案：AD。
（四）猜测词义类题
1．解题指导：猜测词义通常有两大类方法：
（一） 根据上下文猜测词义。其方法又包括下列五种：
1) 根据定义或解释说明来猜测词义。如A passenger is a person who travels by plane or…
2）用对比关系猜测生词的词义。例如：School children learn at an early age that solids expand when they are heated and contract when cooled, like wooden doors that are more difficult to open in the summer heat. 根据前文“热胀”和常识可知，后面指的是“冷缩”，由此得知：contract在这儿表“收缩”。
3）通过因果关系猜测词义。例如根据“The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.”可知，turbid意为“混浊”。
4）根据生活常识和经验猜测词义。
5）根据等同关系（指同一范畴的词类关系，并且常有连词and, or, but等连接）猜测词义。
（二） 根据构词法信息猜测词义。例如我们知道en-是动词前缀，意思是“使……”，则不
难推断出endangered animals指的是“濒危动物”，即endangered的基本含义是“使处于危险的”。
2．实例练与析
Bill Gates was born on October 28,1955 to a wealthy Seattle family.
He was a naughty but gifted child. At 13,he began programming in the BASIC language. By the time he was 17, Gates had sold his first program-a school scheduling system. The deal brought him US$4,200.
Gates and Harvard classmate Paul Allen established Microsoft in 1975. Gates was convinced software would be more important than hardware.
Microsoft's big break came in 1980.That year, Gates and his casually（随便）dressed young colleagues signed an agreement to provide operating system MS-dos for International Business Machine new personal computer.
The executives (管理者) at IBM never knew what hit them.
In March 1986,Microsoft stock went public in one of the most celebrated（驰名的）offerings of its time. By the next year, the company's soaring（高涨的）stock price had made Gates the youngest self-made billionaire at age 31.
Microsoft lagged behind Netscape in developing a commercial Internet browser. But it later gained the upper hand in the browser market after a battle that some of its competitors said demonstrated（声称）that it was a monopoly (垄断).
1. The expression “gained the upper hand” in the last paragraph means ____.
A. gained the boss’ support B. shook hands and made up
C. got good assistants D. had the advantage
2. The best title for this passage should be ____.
A. Bill Gates- the biggest winner B. A genius in the PC age
C. How Bill Gates established Microsoft？ D. A gifted child
答案与分析： 1. D。从最后一段可知，Microsoft在开发一种浏览器时，最先落后于Netscape。紧接着一句but开头，表示情况的转变，由此可推知，gained the upper hand的含义是“占优势；占上风”。2. B。整段讲的都是Bill Gates如何开发新产品，如何在市场上频频得手，表现了他非凡的才能。只有A能最恰当地表达文意。Genius意为“天才”。
（作者电话：023-65432357）
篇4：高考复习指导：英语三类题型解题技巧 (中学英语教学论文)
每日新报
作者：天津新华中学 白玉珠
完形填空属于一种高难度的障碍性阅读题，测试考生综合应用语言的能力。
近几年高考完形填空题有以下几个明显的特点。
1、语境理解考查为主，是“语境能力型”的命题模式，主要考查对上下文的理解，其所设的四个选项往往在语法上都能成立，但从语境来看，却只有一个选项是最合适的。这就需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，把握逻辑方向。
2、设空多为实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。因为完形填空主要考查语境，而在通常情况下，只有实词才能较好地体现语境。
3、有时涉及常识常情的考查，这是对考生的知识面和综合能力的考查。
要有良好的做题习惯。首先一定要通览全文，先明主旨。读后形成一个完整的情节，整体不会有偏差。重视文章首句的作用。惯用法和搭配也是常考查的点，谨防定势思维干扰，重视词汇在特定语境中的应用。逻辑推理和生活常识也是常见的考点。完成后，再通览全文，仔细检查所选的答案是否能使文章上下连贯，前后照应，逻辑顺畅。
近年来阅读理解试题篇幅增多，文字量增大，增加了难度和信息量。考生在做题时，首先排除阅读心理障碍和阅读观念的错误。像读中文一样，不要因几个生词就影响对篇章的理解。通览全文，从整体的角度权衡。每个语篇都有主题，而且是有序关联的，因此在阅读时一定要注意前后联系、上下关系、表时联系，通过表层语言推断出深层含义。学会利用语域和语境进行推理判断，整篇文章做完后，及时检查，力图站得更高，以多角度多方面综合考虑所选的答案。
短文改错重点考查考生的用词及词序、语法规则、特定表达，聚合语篇和行文逻辑等五方面的能力。
做题时，先通读全文，了解文章内容，再仔细阅读，逐句检查，然后复读全文，将各行所改答案放入文中读一遍，依靠语法知识和综合运用语言的能力，凭语感来核实答案是否正确。要严格按照题目要求写清改错符号，不仅在右边题号横线上做修改，而且在文中相应位置写清符号。务必拼写正确、书写工整。
【高考阅读理解的题型和解题思路(高二英语培优材料) (中学英语教学论文)】相关文章：
5.高考英语口试指导(题型分析＋提醒篇) (中学英语教学论文)
10.中学英语教学论文
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