《诗经》学习的教学设计1(存稿)吴泓
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篇1：《诗经》学习的教学设计1(存稿)吴泓
《诗经》专题学习的教学设计1(存稿)吴泓作者：吴泓工作室
学习时间：高一上学期第一阶段学习地点：深圳市新安中学网络教室
学习对象：高一年级学生指导老师：吴泓
学习网址：家园--高中语文专题学习网站学习的平台：一、教学专题确定
1、万事皆有始。选择《诗经》作为高中阶段专题学习的起始，主要考虑到《诗经》是我们民族文化的源头，后世的哲学、政治、历史、经济、文学、艺术等无不受其影响。著名作家王安忆就说过：“由于时间的关系，我们永远生活在《诗经》的下游，感受其芬芳，接受其哺养。”那么，生活在下游，感受其芬芳，接受其哺养，学生就不仅能了解到源头的“河汊密布”，更可以给他们在今后的专题学习里一个文化上的参照和比较。
2、《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，它刻画出的那一幅幅生活图景，充满了泥土的气息和河水的氲氤，流露出的是最本色最自然的思绪和情愫。可以说，一部《诗经》就是一条美丽的河；河中的流水和两岸土地，学生能感受到的不仅是它的文字之美，更能真切地体验到两千多年前殷周时期人与自然、人与社会最为纯朴的关系，遥想那个时代人们的聚散离合、喜怒哀乐和爱恨情仇。
3、初中阶段，学生把话说“清楚”的实用类文本语言能力和把话说“漂亮”的文学类文本语言能力得到了长足的发展；进入高中阶段，就要发展把话说得“有见地”“有理据”的论述类文本的语言能力。而阅读《诗经》，除了引导学生整体感知和把握作品中的形象(意象、符号)和情感之外，更重要的是理解《诗经》作品内涵的多义性和模糊性，鼓励学生积极地建构文本意义，有个性地表达自己的独特感受和独立见解。
二、专题教学目标
1、语言目标。(1)通过阅读《诗经》作品，在积累并运用《诗经》当中有生命力、有表现力的语言的同时，培养学生对诗歌运用语言来描绘形象和表达情感的鉴赏能力。(2)通过学习研究《诗经》作品的鉴赏、评论性的文章，进一步巩固学生已有的(即初中阶段形成的)体验式的、感悟性的思维能力，如想象和联想；初步培养学生思辨性的思维能力，如分析和综合，鼓励学生有个性地表达。
2、思想目标。(1)审美性：认识并理解《诗经》那种直觉感发式的歌咏形式，那种乡土情怀、伦理情意、宗国情感的以人为本的民族文化精神；(2)独特性：阅读并理解《诗经》作品的思想内容，准确地把握《诗经》作品中的形象和情感，有个性地表达自己的独特感受和独立见解；(3)思辨性：以体验和感悟为基础，通过分析、综合等思维方式得出自己的结论。
3、人格目标。(1)核心价值观：学习《诗经》以人为本，关注个体生命的人文情怀；(2)辅助价值观：学会审美，热爱生活。
三、学习材料选定
据此，《诗经》专题学习教学设计拟从以下四个方面选定学习材料，上传到“家园--高中语文专题学习网站”的学习的平台上(以下简称“家园网”)：
1、章培恒、骆玉明的《诗经概貌》、《诗经的内容》，褚斌杰主编的《诗经与楚辞》中的《诗经中的战争徭役诗》(印刷品)、《诗经中的爱情诗与婚姻诗》，《诗经的特色和影响》(以下简称“概述”)。共28969字。
网址1：网址2：网址3：网址4：网址5：网址6：理由与意图：设置这么大的阅读量(28969字)，其目的是让学生对《诗经》专题学习内容的背景信息有一个全景式的了解。毕竟是两千多年前的作品，让学生全面、深入地了解专题背景的信息，对学生后边理解《诗经》作品的内容、主题及表现形式起到重要的作用。
2、《诗经》选读作品及赏析文字(以下简称“原作”)。
第一组：爱情诗。具体篇目是《关雎》、《汉广》、《坑忻贰贰《死有野》、《静女》、《柏舟》、《桃夭》、《木瓜》、《采葛》、《静女》、《子衿》、《蒹葭》、《将仲子》、《氓》，其中《静女》和《氓》两篇出自粤教版高中必修1第四单元古典诗歌(1)。选读作品及赏析文字，共计13965字，其中加粗字体为精读过程中师生共同“解读”的篇目，以下同。
网址：第二组：战争诗。具体篇目是《君子于役》、《击鼓》、《伯兮》、《无衣》、《黍离》、《采薇》、《东山》。选读作品及赏析文字，共10683字。
网址：第三组：农事诗。具体篇目是《]q》、《伐檀》、《硕鼠》、《七月》。选读作品及赏析文字，共7825字。
网址：理由与意图：《诗经》的历史悠久绵邈，内容广阔丰富，史诗、讽刺诗、叙事诗、恋歌(爱情诗)、战歌(战争诗)、颂歌、节令歌以及劳动歌谣(农事诗)样样都有。作为高一学生，305首全学，既不可能，也无必要。那么，锁定当中的爱情诗、战争诗和农事诗共二十多首进行研究，确定“回望两千多年前的爱恨情愁”“遥想两千多年前的战火烽烟”“再现两千多年前的劳动场景”“品味《诗经》中语言和形式的美感”“对《诗经》研究的老夫子们说'不'”五个方面作为研究方向，无论是言语文字的积累，还是思维能力的培育和文化思想的传承，都已足够。
3、与《诗经》及上述作品相关的诗歌评述文章(以下简称“诗评文章”)。具体篇目是王开林著、岳麓书社出版的《穿越〈诗经〉的画廊》中的《关雎》篇、《汉广》篇、《坑忻贰菲、《死有野》篇、《静女》篇、《柏舟》篇、《木瓜》篇、《采葛》篇等，李书磊著、广播电视出版社出版的《重读古典》中的`《河边的爱情》，洪烛著、漓江出版社出版的《抚摸古典的中国》中的《诗经里的那条河》，丁国强的《揣摩了三千年的心事》，鲍鹏山的《美丽诗经》，雷抒雁的《诗经中的爱情之趣》。以上列举篇目与以下链接对应，为名家“诗评文章”，共47616字。一些对《诗经》作品研究颇有心得的作者文字也列入此栏目，即《诗经》“专题文粹精读”。
网址1：网址2：网址3：网址4：网址5：网址6：网址7：理由与意图：选用这些现今作家、学者品评《诗经》的精美“诗评”来导航引路，是因为这些“诗评文章”，或联想丰富，想象奇诡(王开林文)；或归纳概括，层递探究(李书磊文)；或贯通古今，感受独到(洪烛文)，其思想的深刻、思路的缜密及结构形式都可给学生以启迪或示范。而学习古典作品，最重要的就是“学以致用”“古为今用”。在学习过程中，学生不仅能“晓其理、会其意、融其情”，更能把学到的方法和窍门运用到自己读写的实际当中去。换言之，就是要努力达成专题学习的目标，即巩固学生已有的体验式的、感悟性的思维能力，如想象和联想；初步培养学生思辨性的思维能力，如分析和综合，鼓励学生有个性地表达。
4、学生习作“导写类”阅读材料。(1)王开林《穿越〈诗经〉的画廊》中《关雎》篇、《汉广》篇，李书磊《河边的爱情》，洪烛《诗经里的那条河》(网址见上“诗评文章”链接)。(2)“家园--高中语文专题学习网站”上届学生“和学生一起读《诗经》”专题学习习作。习作共24篇，教师推荐4篇，具体是金智娟(韩国)的《桃花依旧笑春风--试论桃夭〉首创的以花喻人》，罗伟杰的《〈诗经〉是把杠杆》，吕选峰的《〈诗经〉--中国的代名词》，陈奕楠的《〈诗经〉--情感的根源》，4篇共计3701字。
网址1：网址2：网址3：网址4：理由与意图：(1)师生共同探讨王开林的《穿越〈诗经〉的画廊》中的《关雎》篇，李书磊的《河边的爱情》，洪烛的《诗经里的那条河》，帮助学生提高定向、选题，选材成文的写作能力。(2)以往届学生习作为导写材料，特别是韩国籍学生金智娟(韩国)同学写的《桃花依旧笑春风──试论桃夭〉首创的以花喻人》(注：此文也可以作为专题研读前的引导)，既可成为学生定向、选题、写作上的借鉴，也可帮助学生克服畏难情绪。
学生是第一次进行这样的专题学习，本专题阅读材料文字应尽量控制在10万字以内，如专题背景知识的“概述”部分，教师可以提炼要点，酌情删减。再如本专题的爱情诗选读作品，也可以适当地减少，农事诗中的《七月》也可以减去。总之，视学生的具体学力而定。随着后半段学习进程的深入，部分学生也可以根据自己研究的需要在互联网上搜索的资料不计在内，如研究《诗经》的语言及形式的，见下面网址1；研究研究《诗经》的植物的，见下面网址2。另，学前，教师要求学生网上购买与本专题学习相关的《诗经》译注类书籍。
网址1：网址2：(待续)
更多精彩见链接：
篇2：《综合性学习：世界何时铸剑为犁》教学设计1
授课日期： 年 9 月 日 总课时：<?xml:namespace prefix =o ns =“urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office” />
综合性学习：世界何时铸剑为犁
◆活动目标：
1、让学生通过对有关战争的各种信息的搜集、整理、探究，提高对战争的认识，培养热爱和平的情感和社会责任感。
2、让学生通过文字、图片、表演、论辨等形式展示成果，进而开阔文化视野，积累有关战争的历史知识和文学知识。
3、让学生通过口语交际、英雄故事的讲述，培养学生的口头表达能力。4、通过写作训练，引导学生以“战争”为话题，多角度地认识战争的残酷，正义和非正义，阐明观点，提高写作能力。
◆活动重点：
1、学会利用图书馆和互联网获取自己所需要的信息。
2、通过活动，提高对战争的认识，提高自己的口语表达能力和写作能力。
3、在明确每个学生的活动项目和活动内容后，要放手让学生真正“动”起来，真正主动地参与到活动中来，使全体学生都能在自己感兴趣的活动中积累语言，提高能力。
◆活动准备：
1、制定此次小组活动的方案，填好活动表格，由小组长负责记录填写。表格内容包括（活动项目、内容、方式、时间、地点、参加人员）。
2、读几本有关战争的图书，并做好读书笔记，为讲战争的故事作准备。
3、浏览介绍有关战争的网站，查阅有关战争的知识。
4、走访身边的老战士，观看影视作品，了解中国解放的历史。
5、民主推选，成立由学生组成的最佳活动成果评议委员会
◆活动方法；小组自主合作探究
◆课时安排：三课时
◆教学设计：
一、创设情景，影片导入
《南京大屠杀》片断。让学生充分感受战争给人类带来的灾难。
主持人：同学们，我们看了《南京大屠杀》片断，肯定有许多心里话要说吧？
是啊，正因为战争给人民带来了无穷的苦难，我们反对战争，呼唤和平。可是在这个世界上，枪声、炮声、爆炸声，远远多于鞭炮声和礼炮声。就在刚刚过去的20世纪，全世界发生的大小战争总共不下400次!在两次世界大战中，人类更是付出了惨重的代价。在中国，九一八的炮声、七七卢沟桥的枪声和南京大屠杀中30万死难同胞的呼告声，时时使我们警醒。21世纪的今天，我们更加热爱和平，但战争离我们并不遥远。世界，何时才能铸剑为犁，和平永驻?下面，让我们一起来共同探讨：世界何时铸剑为犁。（板书课题）
一、战争故事，你说我演
主持人：在语文课上或课外阅读中，你一定读过不少英雄故事，知道很多革命家不怕牺牲，智斗敌人的轶闻趣事吧。现在，请同学们以小组为单位，把你搜集整理的探险故事向同学们说一说，看谁讲得最生动有趣。另外同学可进行小品或哑剧表演来配合，以增加对战争的理解。
英雄故事讲述要求：1、故事真实、连贯，2、内容集中、鲜明，3、灵活运用方法、技巧，4、普通话标准，流利。
下面我们有请第一组代表……
☆董存瑞舍身炸碉堡。
☆黄继光堵枪眼。
☆刘胡兰宁死不屈。
☆狼牙山五壮士，面对敌人，毫不畏惧，英勇献身。
〔评委打分〕
主持人小结：不错。同学们说得都很好！虽然这些英雄为了革命事业、为了人民的幸福，献出了他们宝贵的生命，但人民不会忘记他们。今天我们重温英雄的故事，缅怀先烈，就是为了让大家知道今天幸福生活的来之不易，更好的珍惜生活，珍惜生命。
二、战争诗词，你吟我诵。
主持人：同学们，伴随着战争，产生了丰富的战争文化。下面让我们进入吟诵古今描写战争的诗词以及关于战争的成语的环节，看谁说得多，说得好。通过活动，尽可能地丰富我们的文化积累。
下面我们先来说有关战争的古今诗词，通过诗词的吟诵，让我们更好地体会诗歌的独特魅力，领略战争的悲惨和战士的战地感受。
下面我们有请第一组代表……
☆青青长云暗雪山，孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。（王昌龄《从军行》）
☆醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十里弦翻塞外声，沙场秋点兵。（辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》）
☆红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲。五岭逶迤腾细浪，乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。金沙水拍云崖暖，大渡桥横铁索寒。更喜岷山千里雪，三军过后尽开眼。（毛泽东《七律长征》）
☆假使我们不去打仗，敌人用刺刀，杀死了我们，还要用手指着我们骨头说：“看，这是奴隶！”（田间《假使我们不去打仗》）
下面我们再来说说有关战争的成语故事。
☆一夫当关，万夫莫开、草木皆兵、马革裹尸、赤膊上阵、乌合之众、打草惊蛇、四面楚歌、用兵如神、有勇无谋、全民皆兵、声东击西、攻其不备，出其不意、坚壁清野、揭竿而起
主持人：看来同学们课后下了不少功夫，一个个成语后面都有一段战争故事。接下来，我们看看，关于战争的古今名言，看谁又能说的多。
☆是故百战百胜，非善之善者也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。(春秋·孙武)
☆得道者多助，失道者寡助。(战国·孟子)
☆天时不如地利，地利不如人和。(战国·孟子)
☆用兵之道，攻心为上，攻城为下；心战为上，兵战为下。(三国·诸葛亮)
☆胜负兵家之常，善用兵者能因败为成。(晋·张方)
☆惟有死者方可看到战争结束。(希腊·柏拉图)
☆正义没有武力是无能；武力没有正义是暴政。(法国·巴斯卡)
☆兵民是胜利之本。(毛泽东)
☆敌进我退，敌退我追，敌驻我扰，敌疲我打。(毛泽东)
主持人：好，名人们对战争都有自己独到的见解，我们对这些名言需要反复体味，才能领略他们思想的精髓。
〔评委打分〕
三、战争遗迹，走访交流。
主持人：和平阳光普照下的我们，要记住过去，珍惜今天。在这次综合性活动中，在你的村子附近，也许就有不同历史时期留下的战争遗址，你走访地怎样了，了解了哪些情况，拍摄了哪些资料，做好哪些记录；下面让我们来交流一下走访的见闻和感受吧。
下面我们有请第一组代表……
〔评委打分〕
四、战争预测，你说我评。
主持人：五十年后，如果再发生大的地区冲突，那将是一个怎样的情景?在这次战争中，将会出现哪些新式武器呢?
☆21世纪的战争，将是尖端武器的竞争和较量。科学家和军事家们预测，未来的战争中将有七大尖端级武器称雄于战场，它们是：激光武器、隐形武器、单兵攻防武器、微波炸弹、纳米武器、信息武器和无人化武器。
五、战争是非，赏析提升。
主持人：“铸剑为犁”的雕像在纽约联合国总部前矗立了四十多年，可是和平的钟声并未向全世界渴望和平的人们敲响，战火和死亡时时践踏着公理和正义，这是为什么？你又是怎样看待战争的？下面就让我们辩一辩战争的是与非。
下面我们来探讨下面几个问题：
第一个问题：你认为将来的世界是否会有永久的和平？怎样才能实现真正的和平？
第二个问题：有人说，战争有如一枚硬币的两面，一方面促进了科技的发展，另一方面又阻碍了社会的进步。你同意这种看法吗?
第三个问题：怎样理解“我们反对战争，但我们不怕战争”这句话的含义?
第四个问题：你认为将来的世界是否会有永久的和平?怎样才能实现真正的和平?
主持人小结：战争的是是非非，同学们已经说了很多，邓小平爷爷说过：和平与发展是当今的主旋律，但形势不容乐观，世界时时燃起的硝烟仍未烟消云散。正是因为这样，我们才要时刻警醒：血雨惺风应有涯，铸剑为犁应有日！但是，我们不怕战争，如果有来敌侵犯，我们定会捍卫我们的主权，为正义而战。
六、活动收获，拓展延伸。
1、活动收获：
主持人：同学们，我们经历了这一番“世界何时铸剑为犁”的综合性学习活动后你有什么收获和感受呢？
（可谈对战争的认识，查找、运用资料的经验，合作探究的乐趣等）
主持人小结：通过本次综合性学习活动，我们搜集、处理信息的能力得到了进一步的提高，同时获得了许多关于战争的历史知识和文学知识，开阔了文化视野，并且对战争有了深层次的了解，提高了对战争的认识，培养了热爱和平的情感和社会责任感。在活动中，我们各小组同学互相合作、共同探究，通过活动我们的集体主义精神和团队精神得到了增强。另外，本次活动还提高了我们的口头表达能力，培养了我们的创新思维能力。
2、拓展延伸：
①请你以 “战争与和平”为话题，写一篇作文。题目自拟，文体、字数不限。可记叙这次开展某一项活动的经过；可分析、评论某一战争或某一个地区冲突（可就美国攻打伊拉克事件发表自己的看法，可思考现代战争以及现代战争与科学技术的关系等等）；可想像未来的尖端武器和未来战争的情形。
②让学生根据自己搜集整理的资料编写《记住历史，珍惜和平》小册子。内设“硝烟弥漫的岁月”(中国近现代战争)、“动荡不安的地区冲突”(当前地区热点问题)、“文学与战争”、“影视与战争”等章节。
（武原镇中学陆海峰）
附：
活动评价表
姓名 | 搜集资料情况 | 参与活动情况 | 自评 | 互评 | 教师评 |
先由学生进行自我评价，然后是各小组互相评价，其中包括每个学生参与活动的态度，收集资料的情况等，最后教师结合学生评价进行再评价。
篇3：基于8合1教学设计策略的网络主题学习资源建设探析
基于8合1教学设计策略的网络主题学习资源建设探析
在信息化教育阶段,网络作为先进的学习资源媒体工具,不能只是教材的翻版,必须对学习者的学习行为加以控制.基于网络的资源还应承担起激发学习者高层次的思考,实现个性化学习的功能.即关于媒体资源的`研究要注重媒体对控制学习过程信息的设计和使用.因此,仅从资源的系统化、结构化的角度考虑资源的建设已远远不能满足教和学的需求,资源的建设还必须考虑到学习者的个性化特点与过程的结合.本文以网络主题学习资源建设为切入点,融合8合1教学设计策略,设计开发注重个性化学习过程的网络资源建设模式.
作 者：赵文霞 作者单位：陕西师范大学,新闻与传播学院,陕西,西安,710062 刊 名：中国教育信息化・基础教育 CSSCI英文刊名：CHINA EDUCATION INFO 年，卷(期)： “”(11) 分类号：G203 关键词：主题学习资源 8合1教学设计 多元智能 个性化篇4：模块9 Unit 1 Breaking records 词语学习(新课标版高三英语选修九教案教学设计)
Unit 1 Breaking records
Part Two: Teaching Resources
Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit 1 Breaking records
approximate
adj. (abbr. approx) almost correct or accurate, but not completely so: an approximate number / total / cost The cost given is only approximate. Use these figures as an approximate guide in your calculations.
conventional
adj.
1. (often disapproving) tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting: conventional behaviour / morality She抯 very conventional in her views. 2. [usually before noun] following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time: conventional methods / approaches It抯 not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel. 3. [usually before noun] (especially of weapons) not nuclear: conventional forces / weapons A conventional war would still cause unacceptable devastation. a conventional power station (= using oil or coal as fuel, rather than nuclear power)
laughter
noun [U] the act or sound of laughing: to roar with laughter tears/gales / peals / shrieks of laughter to burst / dissolve into laughter a house full of laughter (= with a happy atmosphere) He gave a snort of derisive laughter.
reality
noun (pl. -ies)
1. [U] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be: She refuses to face reality. You抮e out of touch with reality. The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project. They seemed to have the perfect marriage but the reality was very different. 2. [C] a thing that is actually experienced or seen, in contrast to what people might imagine: the harsh realities of life This decision reflects the realities of the political situation. The paperless office is still far from being a reality. Will time travel ever become a reality?
adjustment
noun [C, U]
1. a small change made to sth in order to correct or improve it: I抳e made a few adjustments to the design. Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary.2. a change in the way a person behaves or thinks: She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.
tough
adj. (tougher, toughest)
DIFFICULT
1. having or causing problems or difficulties: a tough childhood It was a tough decision to make. She抯 been having a tough time of it (= a lot of problems) lately. He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far. It can be tough trying to juggle a career and a family.
STRICT / FIRM
2. ~ (on / with sb/sth) demanding that particular rules be obeyed and showing a lack of sympathy for any problems or suffering that this may cause: Don抰 be too tough on him梙e was only trying to help. It抯 about time teachers started to get tough with bullies. The school takes a tough line on (= punishes severely) cheating. Local traders are calling for tougher action against vandals.
STRONG
3. strong enough to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations: a tough breed of cattle He抯 not tough enough for a career in sales. She抯 a tough cookie / customer (= sb who knows what they want and is not easily influenced by other people).
4. (of a person) physically strong and likely to be violent: You think you抮e so tough, don抰 you? He plays the tough guy in the movie.
MEAT
5. difficult to cut or chew
NOT EASILY DAMAGED
6. not easily cut, broken, torn, etc.: a tough pair of shoes The reptile抯 skin is tough and scaly.
UNFORTUNATE
7 ~ (on sb) (informal) unfortunate for sb in a way that seems unfair: It was tough on her being dropped from the team like that. (ironic) 慖 can抰 get it finished in time.?慣ough!?(= I don抰 feel sorry about it.)
extreme
adj.
1. [usually before noun] very great in degree: We are working under extreme pressure at the moment. people living in extreme poverty I抦 having extreme difficulty in not losing my temper with her. The heat in the desert was extreme.2. not ordinary or usual; serious or severe: Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances. Don抰 go doing anything extreme like leaving the country. It was the most extreme example of cruelty to animals I had ever seen. extreme weather conditions 3. (of people, political organizations, opinions, etc.) far from what most people consider to be normal, reasonable or acceptable: extreme left-wing / right-wing views an extreme nationalist organization Their ideas are too extreme for me. 4. [only before noun] as far as possible from the centre, the beginning or in the direction mentioned: Kerry is in the extreme west of Ireland. She sat on the extreme edge of her seat. politicians on the extreme left of the party
noun
1. a feeling, situation, way of behaving, etc. that is as different as possible from another or is opposite to it: extremes of love and hate He used to be very shy, but now he抯 gone to the opposite extreme (= changed from one extreme kind of behaviour to another). 2. the greatest or highest degree of sth: extremes of cold, wind or rain the climatic extremes of the mountains
go, etc. to extremes | take sth to extremes to act or be forced to act in a way that is far from normal or reasonable: It抯 embarrassing the extremes he抣l go to in order to impress his boss. Taken to extremes, this kind of behaviour can be dangerous. In the jungle they were driven to extremes in order to survive.
in the extreme (formal) to a great degree: The journey would be dangerous in the extreme.
unfit
adj.
1. ~ (for sth)| ~ (to eat, drink, live in, etc.)| ~ (to do sth) not of an acceptable standard; not suitable: The housing was unfit for human habitation. The food on offer was unfit for human consumption. This water is unfit to drink. Most of the buildings are unfit to live in. They described him as unfit to govern. (technical) Many of the houses were condemned as unfit. (technical) The court claims she is an unfit mother. 2. ~ for sth| ~ to do sth not capable of doing sth, for example because of illness: He抯 still unfit for work. The company抯 doctor found that she was unfit to carry out her normal work. 3. (especially BrE) (of a person) not in good physical condition; not fit, because you have not taken exercise: The captain is still unfit and will miss tonight抯 game.
fascinate
verb to attract or interest sb very much: [vn] China has always fascinated me. It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy. [v] The private lives of movie stars never fail to fascinate.
meditation
noun
1. [U] the practice of thinking deeply in silence, especially for religious reasons or in order to make your mind calm: She found peace through yoga and meditation. He was deep in meditation and didn抰 see me come in. 2. [C, usually pl.] ~ (on sth) (formal) serious thoughts on a particular subject that sb writes down or speaks: his meditations on life and art
urge
verb
1. to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth: [vn to inf] She urged him to stay. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately. [v that] The report urged that all children be taught to swim. 2. [vn] ~ sth (on / upon sb) to recommend sth strongly: The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution. 3. [vn + adv. / prep.] (formal) to make a person or an animal move more quickly and/or in a particular direction, especially by pushing or forcing them: He urged his horse forward.
urge sb on to encourage sb to do sth or support them so that they do it better: She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.
accomplish
verb
[vn] to succeed in doing or completing sth, achieve: The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished. I don抰 feel I抳e accomplished very much today. That抯 it. Mission accomplished (= we have done what we aimed to do).
motivate
verb
1. [vn] [often passive] to be the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way: He is motivated entirely by self-interest.2. to make sb want to do sth, especially sth that involves hard work and effort: [vn] She抯 very good at motivating her students. [vn to inf] The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently.3. [vn] (formal) to give reasons for sth that you have stated: Please motivate your answer to question 5.
motivated
adj.: a racially motivated attack a highly motivated student (= one who is very interested and works hard)
motivation
noun [C, U]: What is the motivation behind this sudden change? Most people said that pay was their main motivation for working. He抯 intelligent enough but he lacks motivation. All research proposals must be accompanied by a full motivation.
devotion
noun ~ (to sb/sth)
1. [U, sing.] great love, care and support for sb/sth: His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
2. [U, sing.] the action of spending a lot of time or energy on sth: her devotion to duty Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.3. devotions [pl.] prayers and other religious practices
soul
noun
SPIRIT OF PERSON
1. [C] the spiritual part of a person, believed to exist after death: He believed his immortal soul was in peril. The howling wind sounded like the wailing of lost souls (= the spirits of dead people who are not in heaven).
INNER CHARACTER
2. [C] a person抯 inner character, containing their true thoughts and feelings: There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her soul.
SPIRITUAL / MORAL / ARTISTIC QUALITIES
3. [sing.] the spiritual and moral qualities of humans in general: the dark side of the human soul
4. [U, C] strong and good human feeling, especially that gives a work of art its quality or enables sb to recognize and enjoy that quality: It was a very polished performance, but it lacked soul.
5. [sing.] the ~ of sth a perfect example of a good quality: He is the soul of discretion.
PERSON
6. [C] (becoming old-fashioned) a person of a particular type: She抯 lost all her money, poor soul. You抮e a brave soul.
7.[C] (especially in negative sentences) a person: There wasn抰 a soul in sight (= nobody was in sight). Don抰 tell a soul (= do not tell anyone). (literary) a village of 3.00 souls (= with 3.00 people living there)
MUSIC
8. (also soul music) [U] a type of music that expresses strong emotions, made popular by African American musicians: a soul singer
good for the soul (humorous) good for you, even if it seems unpleasant: 慦ant a ride??慛o thanks. Walking is good for the soul.?br>sacred
adj.
1. connected with God or a god; considered to be holy: a sacred image / shrine / temple sacred music Cows are sacred to Hindus.2. very important and treated with great respect sacrosanct: Human life must always be sacred. For journalists nothing is sacred (= they can write about anything). Some companies offer five-year plans but there is nothing sacred about this length of time (= it can be changed).
deed
noun
1. (formal, literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad act: a brave / charitable / evil / good deed a tale of heroic deeds 2. (often plural in British English) a legal document that you sign, especially one that proves that you own a house or a building: the deeds of the house your good deed for the day a helpful, kind thing that you do: I took Sarah抯 children to school so I抳e done my good deed for the day.
conception
noun
1. [U] the process of forming an idea or a plan: The plan was brilliant in its conception but failed because of lack of money.2. [C, U] ~ (of sth)| ~ (that ... ) an understanding or a belief of what sth is or what sth should be: Marx抯 conception of social justice He has no conception of how difficult life is if you抮e unemployed.3. [U, C] the process of an egg being fertilized inside a woman抯 body so that she becomes pregnant: the moment of conception A child is born about 40 weeks after conception takes place.
tact
noun [U] the ability to deal with difficult or embarrassing situations carefully and without doing or saying anything that will annoy or upset other people sensitivity: Settling the dispute required great tact and diplomacy. She is not exactly known for her tact.
regret
verb (-tt-)
1. to feel sorry about sth you have done or about sth that you have not been able to do: [vn] If you don抰 do it now, you抣l only regret it. The decision could be one he lives to regret. 慖抳e had a wonderful life,?she said, 慖 don抰 regret a thing.? She regretted the words the moment they were out of her mouth. [v -ing] He bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it. [v wh-] I deeply regret what I said. 2. (formal) used to say in a polite or formal way that you are sorry or sad about a situation: [vn] The airline regrets any inconvenience. [v that] I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation. [v to inf] We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful. [vn that] It is to be regretted that so many young people leave school without qualifications.
noun [U, C] a feeling of sadness or disappointment that you have because of sth that has happened or sth that you have done or not done: It is with great regret that I accept your resignation. She expressed her regret at the decision. a pang / twinge of regret I have no regrets about leaving Newcastle (= I do not feel sorry about it). What is your greatest regret (= the thing that you are most sorry about doing or not doing)? He gave up teaching in 2001, much to the regret of his students.
repentance
noun [U] ~ (for sth) the fact of showing that you are sorry for sth wrong that you have done contrition, remorse: He shows no sign of repentance. The book speaks of the need for repentance and atonement.
wisdom
noun [U]
1. the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have: a woman of great wisdom: words of wisdom 2. ~ of sth / of doing sth how sensible sth is: I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money. 3. the knowledge that a society or culture has gained over a long period of time: the collective wisdom of the Native American people
conventional / received wisdom the view or belief that most people hold: Conventional wisdom has it that riots only ever happen in cities.
in his / her / its, etc. (infinite) wisdom used when you are saying that you do not understand why sb has done sth: The government in its wisdom has decided to support the ban.
virtue
noun
1. [U] (formal) behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards: He led a life of virtue. She was certainly no paragon of virtue!2. [C] a particular good quality or habit: Patience is not one of her virtues, I抦 afraid. As a politician, he always emphasized the virtues of compromise and conciliation.3. [C, U] an attractive or useful quality: The plan has the virtue of simplicity. He was extolling the virtues of the Internet. They could see no virtue in discussing it further.
by / in virtue of sth (formal) by means of or because of sth: She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.
make a virtue of necessity to manage to gain an advantage from sth that you have to do and cannot avoid: She decided to make a virtue of necessity and combined a business trip to Paris with a visit to her cousins there.
virtue is its own reward (saying) the reward for acting in a moral or correct way is the knowledge that you have done so, and you should not expect more than this, for example praise from other people or payment
noble
adj. (nobler); (noblest)
1. having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others: a noble leader noble ideals He died for a noble cause. It was very noble of you to go so far to take him home.2. very impressive in size or quality: a noble building 3. belonging to a family of high social rank (= belonging to the nobility): a man of noble birth one of the noblest families in Portugal
nobly
adv.: She bore the disappointment nobly. to be nobly born
noun a person who comes from a family of high social rank; a member of the nobility
doom
noun [U] death or destruction; any terrible event that you cannot avoid: to meet your doom She had a sense of impending doom (= felt that sth very bad was going to happen).
doom merchant a person who predicts that things will go very badly: The prophets of doom who said television would kill off the book were wrong.
verb [vn] [usually passive] ~ sb/sth (to sth) to make sb/sth certain to fail, suffer, die, etc.: The plan was doomed to failure. The marriage was doomed from the start.
bid
verb (bidding, bade, bidden) or (bidding, bid, bid)
1. ~ (sb) good morning, farewell, etc. (formal) to say 慻ood morning? etc. to sb: [vn, vnn] I bade farewell to all the friends I had made in Paris. I bade all my friends farewell.2. (old use or literary) to tell sb to do sth: [vn inf] He bade me come closer.
juggle
verb
1. ~ (with sth) to throw a set of three or more objects such as balls into the air and catch and throw them again quickly, one at a time: [v] to juggle with balls My uncle taught me to juggle. [vn] (figurative) I was juggling books, shopping bags and the baby (= I was trying to hold them all without dropping them).2. ~ sth (with sth) to try to deal with two or more important jobs or activities at the same time so that you can fit all of them into your life: [vn] Working mothers are used to juggling their jobs, their children抯 needs and their housework. [also v] 3. [vn] to organize information, figures, the money you spend, etc. in the most useful or effective way
entire
adj. [only before noun] (used when you are emphasizing that the whole of sth is involved) including everything, everyone or every part: The entire village was destroyed. I wasted an entire day on it. I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense! The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.
attain
verb [vn]
1. to succeed in getting sth, usually after a lot of effort: Most of our students attained five 慉?grades in their exams.2. (formal) to reach a particular age, level or condition: The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.
appreciate
verb
1. [vn] (not used in the progressive tenses) to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth: You can抰 really appreciate foreign literature in translation. His talents are not fully appreciated in that company. Her family doesn抰 appreciate her.2. (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to be grateful for sth that sb has done; to welcome sth: [vn] I抎 appreciate some help. Your support is greatly appreciated. Thanks for coming. I appreciate it. I would appreciate any comments you might have. I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. [v -ing] I don抰 appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen. [vn -ing] We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.
3. (not used in the progressive tenses) to understand that sth is true: [vn] What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities. [v wh-] I don抰 think you appreciate how expensive it will be. [v that] We didn抰 fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.4. [v] to increase in value over a period of time: Their investments have appreciated over the years.
salary
noun (pl. -ies) money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month: an annual salary of $40 000 a 9% salary increase She抯 on a salary of ?4 000. He gets a basic salary plus commission.
wage
noun [sing.] (also wages [pl.]) a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week, for work or services: wages of ?.00 a week a weekly wage of ?00 wage cuts a wage increase of 3% (BrE) a wage rise of 3% wage demands / claims / settlements Wages are paid on Fridays. There are extra benefits for people on low wages. Tax and insurance are deducted from your wages. The staff have agreed to a voluntary wage freeze (= a situation in which wages are not increased for a time). living wage, minimum wage
verb [vn] ~ sth (against / on sb/sth) to begin and continue a war, a battle, etc.: The rebels have waged a guerrilla war since 2000. He alleged that a press campaign was being waged against him.
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