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历年四级作文范文

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“到天堂去使壞”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了30篇历年四级作文范文，下面是小编整理后的历年四级作文范文，希望能帮助到大家!

历年四级作文范文

篇1：历年英语四级作文

Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that there is no better way to get a decent job than working in a stated-owned business which will guarantee my life after retirement, but others take the attitude that a joint venture outweighs any other jobs as it may provide higher income for employees.

As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A joint venture, especially a high-salary joint venture, exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. Although it might be impossible to make sure my retirement pension is good enough, high-salary is exactly what I need just now. In my view, our career choices largely depend on where we want to stay for the rest of life. For me, metropolis is the place where I can grasp loads of opportunities and achieve my personal dreams. As I hold the view that live in the moment, not the future, and also in order to finance myself in some aspects such as the transportation, the house-renting, or social activities, a joint venture can satisfy my needs for the consumption I mentioned above.

In short, a joint venture is the first and only consideration in my choice of career.

篇2：历年英语四级作文

Deep Reading in Modern Life

At the picture depicts, a father told his son that he should read deeply rather than merely pursue the quantity of reading materials. It reflects that people tend to browse and scan e-books without stopping to ponder even one question. The way we read is so superficial that it arouses great concern in modern life.

To be a better reader, we had better do as follows. For one thing, take notes about crucial details as we used to do. Taking notes can avoid the phenomenon that the more we read online or on smart phones, the less we seemed to memorize. For another, classics deserve to be savored by the contemporary people. For example, some classical novels can be read free on Kindle, which makes them popular among youngsters again. Whats more, if we did not make summaries from time to time, nothing that we learnt from e-books would truly be ours.

In conclusion, when we enjoy digital reading, we should consciously conducts deep reading. Try our best to keep those good habits which are acquired in the process of paper reading, such as intensive reading and deep thinking.

篇3：历年四级作文及（一）

一、印象最深活动

The Most Beneficial Activity in My Campus

It is well known that university is greatly different from high school mainly due to that university will hold a large number of activities, which benefits college students a lot. From my perspective, the most beneficial one is “Long-distance Running for Love” organized by the Students Union when I am a freshman. The money collected by this activity is contributed to Project Hope.

It is really my honor to participate the long running, because it benefits me greatly not only in body but also in mind. To begin with, the activity reminds me of the great importance of physical health. Before I go to college, I only focus on academic achievements while the physical health misses my attention. But, the long-running tells me in time that a sound mind lies in a sound body. Additionally, during my participation in this activity, I am informed well that there are still many children in rural areas who have to drop out of school because of impoverished families. Thus, for one thing, I fully realize the great importance of helping them fulfill their dreams. For another thing, I cherish the opportunity to study in university more, for when compared with those children in poverty-stricken areas, we should harbor a grateful heart.

By and large, although I have taken part in many campus activities, I deem the long running for love most beneficial to me. And I am looking forward to that more wonderful and meaningful activities will be held in our campus.

范文译文：

众所周知，大学与高中截然不同，主要原因是大学里会举办很多校园活动，而这些大学活动使大学生受益匪浅。我认为最有益的校园活动是大一时，由学生会举办的“爱心长跑”。这次长跑筹集的善款用于捐助希望工程。

我很荣幸参加了这次长跑，因为这次活动使我的身心都获得了很大裨益。首先，这次活动提醒我身体健康的重要性。在我上大学前，我只关心自己的学习成绩，而忽视了健康。但是，这次长跑及时提醒我――健康的身体孕育健康的灵魂。此外，通过参加此次长跑，我深刻了解到还有许多偏远山区的小孩因为家庭贫困被迫辍学。因此，一方面我充分意识到帮助这些小孩实现梦想是何其重要;另一方面，我更珍惜自己能上大学的机会。因为，和那些贫困地区的小孩相比，我们应该怀有一颗感恩的心。

总体而言，虽然我参加过许多校园活动，但是我认为这次爱心长跑最为有益。我也期待有更多精彩而有意义的校园活动举行。

二、印象最深课程

The Most Impressing Course in My College Life

印象最深的一门课

During the two years of college life, I have attended many special courses, among which the most impressed one is psychology. I still remembered the days when I was fed up with my major Math, which frustrated me so much. Till I fortunately select one of the most fascinating optional courses lectured by Professor Wang.

Time gone back to the first class of Mr. Wang, I found a little old man came in the classroom with a thick book of psychology. Mysteriously, I first unveiled and explored the myth within it by the vivid demonstration of Mr. Wang, and became fascinated with this course. In the following days, it enclosed an assorted of psychological phenomenon reflected in ordinary people’s daily lives by illustrating examples in reality.

To be frank, it is the psychology class that enlightens my soul of exploring the unknown world and stimulate my desire to learn. And it is no surprise to say that psychology is the most impressing course for me in college.

最新四级写作点评：

今年12月20号的最新四级写作的出题类型延续了6月的形式，较以往更加趋向于灵活性，重点考察的是考生的英语基础知识，不再依赖于过去的传统模版或套句。因此这样的考察形式更需要考生在平时英语的学习过程中去积累，注重英语书面表达运用技巧。而在出题的话题上也更偏向于大学生的校园学习和生活话题，文体形式比较自由。因此建议广大四级考生能通过平时的基础练习和专业课程指导，摒弃模版，达到理想的写作分数。

三、印象最深同学

In my memory, there are so many unforgettable men who have rendered me assistance。Among them, the most impressive one is Lucy, my roommate. During the freshman year with her, it has exerted considerable influence on me。

First and foremost, when I entered the university, Lucy set good examples to me in terms of independence. She adapts the new environment quickly. Moreover, she has a cheerful personality, and participates in the Students’ Union soon . With her advice, I soon follow her step and join more activities. Last but not least, what I have learnt most from her is the self-study ability. She spends much time in reading and mastering a new language in the library and often recommend me useful books and information 。

In a word, I really appreciate it for her modeling power. I wish I can be excellent like her and have a great friendship with Lucy.

篇4：历年四级作文及（二）

对白：

子：Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste(处理核废料)

父：If you can empty the dustbin(垃圾筒) here, you can do anything

Directions：

For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

烈日炎炎，轰轰烈烈，6月15日，小千万中国大学生参加的四六级考试今日开始。

上午的四级考试，最大的亮点之一，就是写作。亮点在于其命题形式：图画作文。

图画的内容和构图不难：父亲和男孩子的对话，孩子说“ Dad，I am a bit worried about disposing ofnuclear weapon. (爸爸，我有点担心清除核武器这个问题)”，父亲则回答“ If you can empty the dustbin, you can doanything. (如果你能把垃圾桶倒掉，你就能坐好任何事情)” ，说话间，手指着垃圾桶。

这幅图画和6月的六级漫画作文非常相似，当时的图中，也是两人对话，女儿和父亲。父亲问女儿：“ Hi, sweetie, how was your school today ? (嘿，小甜心，你在今天在学校过得怎么样?)” 女儿非常冷漠的回答：“Dad,youcan read all about it on my blogs. (爹O，你自己可以在我的博客上读到所有内容)”，然后呢，女儿拔腿出门，留下父亲一脸惊愕。

说回这个四级的作文题。

作文的第一段，要进行简单描绘图画内容，这是必须的，也是题目中强制要求的(a brief description of the picture)。描述的时候，只要把父子两的对话移植到第一段，然后把父亲手指垃圾桶的动作描绘一下就可以了，非常简单。

作文的第二段，进行主旨提炼并且论述。这幅图画很容易看出主题，那就是做大事之前，要先做小事(一屋不扫，何以扫天下),而且题目中其实早就已经透露了主题了 (express your views on the importance ofdoing small things before undertaking something big.)因此，第二段通篇论述小事做起的重要性就可以了。属于我在课堂上讲过的作文三大分类之“积极主题，论述意义”

作文第三段，总结。这一段再次强调小事做起的意义，我们不能低估他的威力。文章最后可以以名人名言作为结尾。

请看范文：

We can see from the cartoon that there is a father talking with his son. Havingheard his son’s words that “ Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclearweapon.” The father replies that “ If you can empty the dustbin here, you cando anything” and points the garbage can beside him.

Funny and common as the conversation sounds, it reflects that the father intends to advise his son to do small things beforeundertaking big. Definitely, doing small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big. By doing something small, we are able to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other words, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who desire to do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures, as with opportunities-“something big”- showing up , they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things. Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty the dustbin?

From my perspective, under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle also used to say.

范文译文：

如图所示，我们可以看见有一位父亲正在和他的儿子聊天。当父亲听到儿子说：“ 爸爸，我有点担心如何处理核武器这个问题” 的时候，父亲指着身边的垃圾桶，并且回答道：“ 如果你可以把垃圾桶倒掉，你就可以做到任何事情”。

尽管这段父子对话听起来滑稽、普通，然而他折射出父亲的意图，想劝告儿子在做大事之前，要先做好小事。很明显，做好小事情是成功的第一步，并且能为将来的大事情打下基础。通过做小事情，我们可以积累经验，掌握技能，并且让我们自己变得更加具有耐心。换句话说，我们可以在做小事情的过程中，为将来的大事情做好充分准备。相反的，哪些想要一上来就做大事情的人，通常会遭受失望、挫折甚至是失败，因为当机会这些“大事情”出现的时候，这部分人基本无法抓住机会，因为他们缺少源自于做小事过程当中的经验和自信。以所给的这幅图画为例，如果这个男孩都不知道如何倾倒垃圾桶，他怎么可能做成功处理核武器这样的大事呢?

在我看来，任何时候我们都不应该轻视做小事的威力。取而代之的是，我们应该将小事情视为经验、技能的源泉，和成功的先决条件。亚里士多德也曾经说过：“ 伟大的成就，只属于那些能够将小事情做到完美的人”。

篇5：历年四级作文及（一）

6月英语四级作文题目：

Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

篇6：历年四级作文及（一）

The most interesting place

Dear Pacival,

I am thrilled to know that you are going to visit my hometown and I can’t wait see you again. I miss everything that happened when I was in your city, and your parents and you were so kind to me that I will try my best this time to make your stay an enjoyable and memerable one.

My home town，Changsha, is the capital of Hunan province and best known as the star city for its well developed entertainment industry and tourism. There are numerous places and attractions worth recommending, and Yuelu Mountain is the first one that I’d like to introduce to you. Firstly, in the foot of Yuelu Mountain is the prominent Yuelu Academy. It has an exceedingly long history and its architecture is characteristic of Song Dynasty. Then, after a half hour, we will reach the Bird Forest. There are various rare birds there, and they can sing, perform, and interact with us. After about an hour, we will arrive at the peak, Baiyun Summit. The scenery there is spectacular and we can have a wonderful panorama of the whole city.

I bet you must be very excited about all these activities, and the Yuelu Mountain is waiting for us to explore. All you need to do is pack up and go, and I assure you that this trip will be a great fun.

Should you have any question and suggestion, please let me know.

I am looking forward to your arrival.

Yours sincerely,

Romeo

篇7：四级写作:历年考试作文

四级写作:历年考试精选作文

Everyone has his ideals. A businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects plumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. And

However, one should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not. If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another.

My ideal is to become a doctor. It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people’s lives. To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. Ijm sure^willjiealizejm^jidealjifrperseverejinjthisjpursuit. (156 words)

篇8：英语四级写作:历年考试作文

英语四级写作:历年考试精选作文

Directions: Write a composition entitled The Brain and the Computer. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

有人认为预测电脑的功能将超过人脑。请就人脑与电脑的区别写一篇作文，你可以从体积、运算速度和结构等方面进行对比。

【经典范文】

The Brain and the Computer

Some recent developments in computer industry make scientists predict that the gap between human beings and the machine will be closed by the year 0.

To understand the significance of this prediction, let us compare the human brain with existing computers. The brain consumes electrical energy at the rate of 25 watts and occupies volume of one tenth of a cubic foot. The brain houses between 10 billion and 100 billion items of information. Every brain cell is directly connected to many other cells. As a result, the cells in which information is stored can communicate with thousands of other cells. Incontrast,jhe^computer^consu；mes_1000,000wwattsofelectricaLpower^and occupieshundredsofcubicJ:eeLofspace.^rhe^computermemoryjisJlike^acell ofpigeonholes^withnojhinking^capacityandnoconnectionselsewhere.

In a word, thejel^ctronicbrainsjcanjhopelesslysucceedJinjcomgarison with the human brains. (151 words)

篇9：历年英语四级作文真题题目及参考

大学英语四级作文复习资料

英语四级高频词汇总结归纳

英语四级考试作文4篇

7月大学英语四级作文真题题目一

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of translation apps. You can start your essay with the sentence “The use of translation apps is becomging increasingly popular. ” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 word

篇10：关于大学英语四级作文历年鉴赏学习

一、在创业和工作之间进行选择

【题目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【参考范文】

For undergraduates college students, deciding what to do upon graduation can be a tough decision to say the least. From my point of view, I prefer to launch a business. My choice can be attributed to the following two driving forces.

For one thing, I want to start my own business because I love do what I love. In my own business, I will be more than passionate to plan, organize and execute my favorite project.For another thing, running my own business, I can accumulate rich experience, which is not only valuable to problem-solving but also critical to career development. While the risk of failing is real, what is important part is the lesson learned.

Actually, when in comes time for university graduates to decide their next step in life, there is no on right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each students must reach his or her own conclusion.

二、求职

范文：Nowadays the interview plays an indispensable part in seeking a job. Its success will determine whether or not you will get the job you applied. So how do we succeed in a job interview?

There are many factors. According to psychologists it depends more on the first impression you leave: how you look, how you sound and what you say. All of those factors are of great importance. In the first place how you look makes up 55% of a first impression. This includes facial expressions body language and eye contact as well as clothing and general appearance. Among those clothing is the most important to show your respect to the interviewers and to leave the interviewers a good impression in the end. In the second place how you sound makes up 38% of the first impression. This includes how fast or slowly loudly or softly you speak. So make sure that you sound friendly interested confident and happy in answering any inquires in the interview. Finally what you say counts for only 7% of the message. Therefore attach more importance to your appearance and expressions rather than your words.

All in all no one will escape from the interview. Remember the above points and you will succeed in the interview.

三、让我们在电脑普及的今天，谈一谈电脑给我们带来了什么。

范文：With the rapid development of computer, computers are becoming growing popular among people all over the world. And the popularity of using computer is increasing year by year. It is obvious that the computer is playing an important role in our daily life.

Due to the comprehensive applications of the Computer, it has been gradually taking place of human beings in some areas. Such as people can use computers to compose, purchase goods, or hold meetings. What's more, computer can greatly improve people's working efficiency. However, every coin has its two aspects. Computer also brings some disadvantages. For example, since computer games now have been prevalent among students, they almost spend more than 6 hours for entertainment on computer, and not study any more. Besides, many people now favor talk with their friends on line, and they meet less frequently than ever before. As a consequence, the lack of speaking leads to their terrible expression.

To sum up, we are supposed to keep balance between entertainment and study, make the best use of its good aspect to get further more improvement.

篇11：英语四级作文历年真题参考(cet4)

Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional (component of the College English Test (CET). Some people contend that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for years cannot communicate with a native English speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel at grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely when speaking. A test of spoken English will bring the importance of speaking English to the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills.

On the other hand, there are also people who maintain that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the average English learners. College students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Also, some students may take the shortcut and only practice the questions according to the fixed format of the test, which will not actually improve their spoken English.

I believe that a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall make all efforts to practice my spoken English in the rest years in college.

1月大学英语四级考试

How to Succeed in a Job Interview?

Nowadays, in an ever tighter job market, great importance has been attached to an interview by both the employer and the applicant. The interview, so to speak, has become indispensable for getting a satisfactory job. On the one hand, the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the candidates, such as their work experiences, education and their personalities, so as to pick out the right person for the company. On the other hand, the interviewee can make use of the opportunity to get to know the job he is going to take up, the salary, the working conditions and many other things about the job he is interested in.

Therefore, the job interview is very important to a job-hunter. But how can one succeed in it?

Firstly of all, the interviewee must pay attention to his or her appearance. The first impression is always where we start. Get dressed properly and neatly. Secondly, good manners are equally important. Don’t be too proud, and neither too timid. Just be courteous. Thirdly, the interviewee must demonstrate his aptitude and skills for the job and his knowledge about eh job-related areas. Be confident. Last but not the least, the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background, for honesty is the best policy.

To sum up, the job interview is indeed important, but there is no need to be nervous. As long as the interviewee has the ability for the job, with careful preparation and a fairly confident and honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.

206月大学英语四级考试

A letter to a Schoolmate

Dear Xiao Wang,

I’m delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I’m sure you will enjoy every minute here.

I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play CDs or read books very comfortably at home.

A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful bird-eye view of the whole village.

Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you.

I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

1月大学英语四级考试

A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus

January 12th,

Dear Mr. President,

I’m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I’m afraid I’m not content with the canteen service on campus.

Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety.

Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food.

Finally, the environment is so noisy that we can’t enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.

These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of may other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions.

By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.

Best wishes,

Yours sincerely,

Liming

206月大学英语四级考试

Student Use of Computers

Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours; while in , the number soared to 20 hours.

Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.

Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. The most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore their studies. It is urgent to let the students use computers in a proper way.

2002年12月大学英语四级考试

It pays to Be Honest

Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.

Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot.

Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them, Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.

In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.

6月大学英语四级考试

An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident

My name is Liming. I am studying at college. A week ago I saw a traffic accident, which is still vivid in my mind.

It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning, June 15th, when I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine at another university. I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud crash of two vehicles just at the T-junction about 10 meters away. Two taxis crashed together. It was a traffic accident.

I went up and found that the two taxis were badly damaged. Both hoofs were out of shape. One door of a car was knocked off and lying on the road. One driver was blooding and another was shut in the taxi. Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car. One man was calling to the traffic policeman station. A lot of cars were jammed on the road. ??

From the stopping track on the road, it is clear that the two taxis were driving too fast. But it is just one of the reasons. In my opinion, the taxi drivers are eager to take more passengers and make a little more money. On the other hand, both drivers don't show concern for one another. Both of them wanted to run in front of another. Therefore, the accident is inevitable. So far, we should let the drivers keep it in their mind that a little slower, a little safer. Taking care of other's lives means taking care of your own life.

209月大学英语四级考试

The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)

During the SARS period in this spring, the year of , one of my classmates, Li ming, was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital.

The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wondered if we were infected too. However, through our government's publicity on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try out best to help her. Some teachers provided darly necessities while some students recorded the English class contents for him so that Li ming could not be left behind. With our care and concern, Li ming recovered quickly.

Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is full of love, warm and peaceful, in which people-from man to woman, from individual to individual-lend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, “the world will turn itto heaven only if everyone contributes a little.” and I do believe that it's my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise

篇12：历年英语四级作文真题题目及参考

The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular. Why? Admittedly, in the contemporay society, an increasing number of people, with the help of translation apps, find it convenient to read foreign literature or essays.

On the one hand, these apps can bring users greater efficiency and help them save more time or energy, particularly for those who have no knowledge of a foreign language. For instance, a host of people may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in learning English, but with the assistance of these apps, it will not be difficult for them to read and understand English materials. On the other hand, it is these apps that cuase some learners to lose motivation for studying. With Apps in hand, they are not willing to do their utmost to memorize new words, pratice speaking or writing skills every day. Fianlly, they will fail to get a good command of any foreign language.

I, as a college student, deem that it is of great necessity for youngsters to use translations apps in a rational way. We should bear in mind that any translation app is merely a tool. Provided that one intends to master a foreign language, it is advisabel to practice each day instead of relying on translation apps.

翻译APP的使用变得越来越普遍流行。为什么呢?不得不承认，在当今社会，在翻译APP的辅助下，越来越多人发现阅读外语文献或文章变得高效又方便。

一方面，这些APP能带给使用者更高的效率并帮助他们节约时间和精力，尤其是对于根本不懂一门外语的人而言。例如，很多人在学英语方面有各种困难或麻烦，但有了这些APP，他们读懂或理解英语资料将不是难事。另一方面，正是这些APP导致一些学习者失去了学习的动机。有了Apps，他们不愿尽全力每天背生词、练听和说的技能。最终，他们将无法掌握任何一门外语。

作为一名大学生，我认为年轻人很有必要以理性态度实用翻译Apps。我们应该牢记在心的是任何翻译APP也只是工具。假设一个人想要掌握一门外语，明智的做法是每天训练，而不是依赖翻译App。

7月大学英语四级作文真题题目二

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance of making plans. You can give one or two e_amples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

篇13：历年英语四级作文真题题目及参考

The Mechanic is one of my favorite movies, in which the protagonist has a very beautiful gun with a famous motto engraved on it-- Victory Loves Preparation. Indeed, increasing undergraduates has realized the importance of preparation which even renders tense peer pressure. While, how to prepare for tomorrow?The best way is to do your best today.

How to do our best? First, try to know yourself. In your free time, you can attend some club activities, social practice, and part-time work to understand what you like and what you want to do in the future. Second, make a dream, and set a goal. Everyone has a dream, but each of us must analyze its feasibility and make it a real and effective goal. Last, make a plan and keep moving. After know what your goals will require, plan to do them one by one. You can devote yourself to your professional field, concentrate on research, and accumulate academic knowledge. Or you can practice in a part-time job that is conducive to your career plan, which could build a perfect resume and improve the work e_perience. Or you can participate in some qualification e_ams to enhance your competitiveness, such as computer language, accounting certificate, teacher qualification certificate, IELTS, and TOEFL.

In a word, when you are at a young age, try to do something more, as long as you are not in vain, all your efforts will become your best assets in the future.

篇14：历年英语四级作文真题题目及参考

It seems that everyone in the world aspires to achieve something so as to live life to the fullest. There are vast majority of tasks that we have to finish in order to succeed, so making plans is the only way that we could possibly achieve our goals. Thus, it is of great importance that doing some planning before we start.

The time when one is working or studying is the most valuable, so ow to effectively utilize it decides whether we could achieve our academic pursuit or career advancement. Take preparing final e_am for e_ample, after a long period of study, physical and metal fatigue would unavoidably ensue. However, if we could set out a timetable and stick with the plan, then we could accomplish more things than we thought because we have a time limit on each part, which brings a pressure to us and pushes us to absorb knowledge or do e_ercises more quickly. Not only preparing e_ams but also other tasks, making plans could motivate us to be more effective.

In conclusion, working out a plan is the best way for us to utilize our restricted energy and time.

7月大学英语四级作文真题题目三

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying “The best preparation for future is doing your best today. ” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

解析:

此次作文话题比较简单， “做好今天的事就是对未来最好的准备”话题也比较经典，这个里其实有一个陷阱:本文不是讨论准备的重要性，而是讨论“如何为未来做准备”。其更多倾向于“今天应该怎么做”，所以是一个“HOW”题型。而考生可以自行补全主语，“___应该做好今天的事”“___应该怎么做”。所以很简单的段落分布就出现了，第一段将话题引入至自己擅长的人群与领域，第二段提供个人的建议，第三段或憧憬，或呼吁，或总结。但是难点在于想要写好，第二段需要学生依靠自身的阅历进行构思，并提高表达水平。

范文采用了三段结构:

Para1 :引入(我用的电影)+ 题干主题改写复现

Para2 :怎么做

Para3 :憧憬未来

篇15：历年英语四级考试的常考作文类型

历年英语四级考试的常考作文类型

一、现象解释型

命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。我们来看下历年四级作文命题：

12月大学英语四级考试真题

1. 建设绿色校园很重要

2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……

3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

Creating a Green Campus

从本题的结构来看，正好符合我们的现象解释类型，指出建设绿色校园这一现象很重要，然后叙述建设绿色校园的意义，最后为建设绿色校园提出良好建议。综上所述，我们可以把其基本结构归纳如下：

基本结构是：首先说明现状;其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因;最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。

写作方法为：描述现象→分析原因→对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。

同样6月21日英语四级考试试题也是现象解释型，请看其具体要求：

1. 娱乐活动多种多样

2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性

3. 作为大学生，我的看法

再看6月的四级真题，类型竟有惊人的相似性：

1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写

2.出现这种情况的原因

3.这种现象导致的结果

篇16：四级听力历年真题

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.

B) A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife.

C) A father's message for his daughter.

D) The history of a century-old motel.

2. A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.

B) She wanted to honor her father's promise.

C) She had been asked by her father to do so.

D) She was excited to see her father's handwriting.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) People were concerned about the number of bees.

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.

C) Two million bees were infected with disease.

D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.

4. A) It apologized to its customers.

B) It was forced to kill its bees.

C) It lost a huge stock of bees.

D) It lost 2.5 million dollars.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours.

B) It took off and landed on a football field.

C) It proved to be of high commercial value.

D) It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.

6. A) Engineering problems.

B) The air pollution it produced.

C) Inadequate funding.

D) The opposition from the military.

7. A) It uses the latest aviation technology.

B) It flies faster than a commercial jet.

C) It is a safer means of transportation.

D) It is more environmentally friendly.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) It seems a depressing topic.

B) It sounds quite alarming.

C) It has little impact on our daily life.

D) It is getting more serious these days.

9. A) The man doesn't understand Spanish.

B) The woman doesn't really like dancing.

C) They don't want something too noisy.

D) They can't make it to the theatre in time.

10. A) It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.

B) It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.

D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.

11. A) Watch a comedy.

B) Go and see the dance.

C) Book the tickets online.

D) See a film with the man.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.

B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer to.

C) There are too many activities for her to cope with.

D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.

13. A) Seek advice from senior students.

B) Pick up some meaningful hobbies.

C) Participate in after-school activities.

D) Look into what the school offers.

14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it.

B) Accept her as a transfer student.

C) Find her accommodation on campus.

D) Introduce her to her roommates.

15. A) She has interests similar to Mr. Lee's.

B) She has become friends with Catherine.

C) She has chosen the major Catherine has.

D) She has just transferred to the college.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.

B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.

C) To discover what most mice like to eat.

D) To determine what feelings mice have.

17. A) When they are hungry.

B) When they are thirsty.

C) When they smell food.

D) When they want company.

18. A) They search for food in groups.

B) They are overweight when food is plenty.

C) They prefer to be with other mice.

D) They enjoy the company of other animals.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) Its construction started before World War I.

B) Its construction cost more than $ 40 billion.

C) It is efficiently used for transport.

D) It is one of the best in the world.

20. A) To improve transportation in the countryside.

B) To move troops quickly from place to place.

C) To enable people to travel at a higher speed.

D) To speed up the transportation of goods.

21. A) In the 1970s.

B) In the 1960s.

C) In the 1950s.

D) In the 1940s.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) Chatting while driving.

B) Messaging while driving.

C) Driving under age.

D) Speeding on highways.

23. A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.

B) A gadget to charge the phone in a car.

C) A device to control the speed of a vehicle.

D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands.

24. A) The car keeps flashing its headlights.

B) The car slows down gradually to a halt.

C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.

D) They get a warning on their smart phone.

25. A) Installing a camera.

B) Using a connected app.

C) Checking their emails.

D) Keeping a daily record.

篇17：英语四级历年真题参考

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, and Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7million cars, a new study has found, and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” users, owners are throwing many microwave after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwave which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.

A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change -- at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors, who also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances more efficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.“

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone and these emit way more than all the emissions from microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69m tonnes of CO2 in . This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU.” further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.

51. What is the finding of the new study?

A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.

B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.

C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.

D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

A) They are becoming more afrdabla.

B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.

C) They are gtting much easier to operate.

D) They take less tine to cook than other ppliaces.

53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

A) Cooking food of dfferent varieties.

B) Improving microwave users' habits.

C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.

D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.

54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?

A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.

B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.

C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.

D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.

55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.

B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.

C) It plays a positive role in envronmental protection.

D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.

Passage one

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.B

50.A

Passage two

51.D

52.A

53.B

54.A

55.C

篇18：英语四级历年真题参考

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.

Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.

But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.

Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.

Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.

46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?

A.Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.

B.Better learners will become better teachers.

C.Human intelligence tends to grow with age.

D.Philosophical thinking improves instruction.

47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?

A.It is a character in a popular animation.

B.It is a teaching tool under development.

C.It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.

D.It is a tutor for computer science students.

48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?

A.It makes them aware of what they are strong at.

B.It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.

C.It helps them learn their academic subjects better.

D.It enables them to better understand their teachers.

49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?

A.They motivate them to think independently.

B.They ask them to design their own questions.

C.They encourage them to give prompt feedback.

D.They use various ways to explain the materials.

50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?

A.Their sense of responsibility.

B.Their emotional involvement.

C.The learning strategy acquired.

D.The teaching experience gained.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.

While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.

As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.

These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, . The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man's world—just as middle-aged and older women do.

51.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?

A.They can get ahead only by striving harder.

B.They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.

C.They are generally quite optimistic about their future.

D.They are better educated than their male counterparts.

52.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?

A.They are the target of discrimination.

B.They find it satisfactory on the whole.

C.They think it needs further improving.

D.They find their complaints ignored.

53.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?

A.A sense of accomplishment.

B.Job stability and flexibility.

C.Rewards and promotions.

D.Joy derived from work.

54.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?

A.The welfare of their children.

B.The narrowing of the gender gap.

C.The fulfillment of their dreams in life.

D.The balance between work and family.

55.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?

A.They still view this world as one dominated by males.

B.They account for half the workforce in the job market.

C.They see the world differently from older generations.

D.They do better in work than their male counterparts.

Passage one

46.A

47.B

48.C

49.D

50.B

Passage two

51.D

52.C

53.B

54.D

55.A

篇19：英语四级历年真题参考

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.

So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.

It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.

Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.

As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.

46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?

A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.

B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.

C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.

D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.

47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?

A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.

B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.

C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.

D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.

48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?

A) Personality traits.

B) Gender bias.

C) Family responsibilities.

D) Lack of vacancies.

49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?

A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.

B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.

C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.

D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.

50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?

A) A woman in the highest position of government.

B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.

C) A majority of women voting for a female president.

D) As many women in top government positions as men.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and .

The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.

James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays e less key role,” he added.

A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller people.”

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.

Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”

51.What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years?

A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.

B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.

C) The increase in people's height has been quickening.

D) The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.

52.What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height?

A) It counts less than generally thought.

B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.

C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population.

D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.

53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?

A) They tend to live longer.

B) They enjoy an easier life.

C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.

D) They have greater expectations in life.

54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?

A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.

B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.

C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.

D) They have experienced many changes of government.

55.What does James Bentham suggest we do?

A) Watch closely the global trend in children's development.

B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.

C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.

D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.

Passage one

46.D

47.C

48.B

49.D

50.A

Passage two

51.B

52.C

53.A

54.B

55.D

篇20：历年四级真题解析

历年四级真题解析

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco. When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city lit up by tens of thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, 27 by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).

Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 28 , but still carry great cost. “To me, neon represents memories of the past,” says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous signs. “Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness.”

Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30 shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31 . Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.

Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. “I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon,” says Blance. The signs do nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.

A) alternative B) approach C) cast D) challenging E) decorative F) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professionals K) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volunteers

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students—Baring an Ethnic Divide

A) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, “I hate going to school,” and “Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else.”

B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into a national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a “whole child” approach to schooling that respects “social-emotional development” and “deep and meaningful learning” over academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.

C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning. “My son was in fourth grade and told me, 'I'm not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,'” she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a “dumbing down” of his children's education. “What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our children for the future,” Jia said.

D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT scores.

E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and Korea. This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in . Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district. Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students are Asian-American, is one of Aderhold's reforms.

F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year. With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.

G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.

H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generation Asian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the middle class. “They don't have the same chances to get their children internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms,” Lee said. “So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later. ”

I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the student with the words, “Shame on you!” Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.

J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school “always or most of the time.” “We need to bring back some balance,” Aderhold said. “You don't want to wait until it's too late to do something. ”

K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control. Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back. “It's become an arms race, an educational arms race,” she said. “We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The question is, at what cost?”

36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.

37. White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold's appeal.

38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students' writings.

39. Aderhold's reform of the advanced mathematics program will affect Asian-American students most.

40. Aderhold appealed for parents' support in promoting an all-round development of children, instead of focusing only on their academic performance.

41. One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too far.

42. Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances to succeed in the future.

43. Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the public schools there.

44. A number of students in Aderhold's school district were found to have stress-induced mental health problems.

45. The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent years.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.

46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?

A) Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.

B) Better learners will become better teachers.

C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.

D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.

47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?

A) It is a character in a popular animation.

B) It is a teaching tool under development.

C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.

D) It is a tutor for computer science students.

48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?

A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.

B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.

C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.

D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.

49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?

A) They motivate them to think independently.

B) They ask them to design their own questions.

C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.

D) They use various ways to explain the materials.

50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?

A) Their sense of responsibility.

B) Their emotional involvement.

C) The learning strategy acquired.

D) The teaching experience gained.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

51. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?

A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.

B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.

C) They are generally quite optimistic about their future.

D) They are better educated than their male counterparts.

52. How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?

A) They are the target of discrimination.

B) They find it satisfactory on the whole.

C) They think it needs further improving.

D) They find their complaints ignored.

53. What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?

A) A sense of accomplishment.

B) Job stability and flexibility.

C) Rewards and promotions.

D) Joy derived from work.

54. What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?

A) The welfare of their children.

B) The narrowing of the gender gap.

C) The fulfillment of their dreams in life.

D) The balance between work and family.

55. What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?

A) They still view this world as one dominated by males.

B) They account for half the workforce in the job market.

C) They see the world differently from older generations.

D) They do better in work than their male counterparts.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。

四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Importance of Speaking Ability and How to Develop It

As we all know, proficiency in speaking is necessary for us to become well-rounded communicators. However, the capacity to put words together in a meaningful way to reflect thoughts, opinions, and feelings is not something we're born with but needs some techniques and practice.

Firstly, build confidence and concentrate on getting our message across, which help us gain the attention of the audience return. Secondly, experiment with the things we know well instead of challenging ourselves with difficult words since fluency appears more important during oral communication. Lastly, create some opportunities to practice like narrating our daily life to ourselves or maintaining a regular chat with friends.

To sum up, only by being confident enough and using efficient methods can we enhance our speaking ability. Follow the steps to improve our speaking skills in order to achieve a higher standard in communication.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

说明：由于6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: CLFJE GIBKH

36-45: FCIEB KHDAG

46-55: ABCDB DCBDA

Part IV Translation

In recent years, more and more cities in China have begun to build subways. The development of subways can help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution in cities. The subway has the advantages of safety, speed and comfort. More and more people choose the subway as the main means of transportation to work or school every day. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more convenient to take the subway in China. In some cities, passengers can use a card or a mobile phone to take the subway. Many local elderly citizens can also take the subway for free.

篇21：历年四级考试语法题选

一虚拟语气考查点

essential , important 等词后的`虚拟语气；

1) It was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四级考试.）

A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent（答案是C）

2) It is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （1月四级考试.）

A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected （答案是C）

if only ,wish等词后的虚拟语气；

1) Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If I ___ your advice . （93年6月四级考试.）

A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed （答案是B）

2) I wish I ___ longer this morning ,but I had to get up and come to class. （95年6月四级考试.）

A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept （答案是D）

条件从句中的虚拟语气

1) H e must have had an accident , or he ___ then （90年1月四级考试.）.

A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be here （答案是A）

二动词的 ing 形式和过去分词

分词的独立结构

1）名词（代词）+ 分词

A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90/1)

A） working out C) having been worked

B) having worked out D) to have been worked out (C)

With + 名词（代词）+ V--ed或V--ing

2) After the Arab states won independence , great emphasis was laid on expanding education , with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school . (97/1)

A) to be couraged B) being encouraged C) been encouraged D) be encouraged (B)

动名词短语做宾语

They are considering _______ before the prices go up. (89/1)

A of buying the house C buying the house

B with buying the house D to buy the house (C)

分词短语做状语

________with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. (92/6)

A Dissatisfying thoroughly C Being thoroughly dissatisfied

B to dissatisfy thoroughly D To be thoroughly dissatisfied (C)

分词短语做定语

If I correct someone , I will do it with as much good bumor and self C restraint as if I were the one _______. (95/1)

A to correct B correctin

篇22：英语四级历年真题试卷

12月大学英语四级真题试卷一阅读答案及解析

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

26. [C] essential

27. [M] suspicion

28. [G] miserable

29. [A] constantly

30. [O] watching

31. [J] records

32. [K] removed

33. [F] load

34. [I] properly

35. [H] pressure

解析：

26题根据上下文得知，此处应该是说人与人之间信任的重要性。很明显答案C. essential符合条件，B选项有可信的意思，看到此选项可能下意识地会选这个答案，但翻译成“信任是可信的”，和主旨无关，此处还是讨论信任的重要性。

29题容易选一个名词比如records和”mistakes”并列，但是后面的选项并没有双引号，后面是一个动词reminding，可以推测前面需要填入副词来修饰reminding，根据语义“要求你做这做那”，可以推出是不断要求，而不是properly恰当地，排除完可以得出constantly.

31题，此处判断应填名词，有同学可能会和pressure弄混淆，但此处并不能得出公司要施加压力。公司出于自我保护和信任问题，对于任何交易记录都会留有根据和存根，这些都是记录，所以答案应该是records,

Section B

36. [G] The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose area of the 1980s.

37. [D] The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious.

38. [K] The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America's ideas about itself.

39. [B] Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor in America.

40. [J] But in today's America-a land of rising inequality

41. [I] Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed.

42. [E] Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America.

43. [C] By contrast, just 4.4 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top

44. [H] Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years

45. [F] But researchers aren 't sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well.

解析：

38题干主旨表达的是如果该市的问题不解决将会动摇美国的根本信仰，对应K项中的America's ideas about itself.和foundational belief.可以进行匹配。

41题干第一句该市的官员，可以定位到[I]选项第一句Leaders in San Jose, 且该句直接表明了目的，就是为了提升贫困孩子触达成功的机会。

42题中的manifest词汇较为生僻，但后面的some of the best features可以理解说的是关于美国最好的几点特质，对应到[E]选项to embody the best of America.

44 题干关键信息是 increases in housing prices，快速浏览后可以定位到[H]项多次提到如Rent，homelessness problem, housing prices等与住房相关的信息

Section C

Passage One

46. [D] They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’ mental problems.

47. [A] They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.

48. [B] At school.

49. [C] Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.

50. [D] A change in the conception of what schools are.

解析：

46题A和B选项属于无中生有，C选项说的是学校在实施干预方面举措不利，但是根据原文第二段第二句，how ill-equipped they feel 可以看出主体是老师自己而不是学校，此处是一个偷换概念的陷阱，还是要基于文章的意思判断。

47题的C选项与原文第三段最后一句意义相反;B和D选项也是无中生有，A选项中出现了一个生词，但最后出现的budgets cuts还是可以帮助我们定位到第三段第二句。

49. A和B均属无中生有，D选项则偷换了概念，原文是指学生们更愿意在校内进行心理辅导而不是外面的心理咨询，D选项则替换成了校外活动。

Passage Two

51. [A] To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.

52. [D] To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.

53. [B] The E conomist’s promotional strategy works.

54. [C] To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.

55. [B] By comparing it with other choices.

解析：

51题的BD选项都属于捏造的信息，C选项具有一定迷惑性，但描述的是表面的信息，并不是作者举例的真实目的，此处挑选饮料本质是想要阐述一种特定购物行为。

52题讨论的是中罐苏打水定价的理由，A选项吸引更多人去买很明显不对，因为中罐苏打水重量减半价格却很贵，同理B项也不符合，C项本文并未提及，属于生造的信息。所以中罐苏打是为了让顾客以同样价格买到更大罐的饮料从而觉得占到便宜。

53 题A选项看似符合常理，但并不是Dan的研究成果内容，属于张冠李戴;C项文中并没有提及是卖的最好的; 最后的D项也偷换了概念，很有迷惑性，研究结果的意思是如果没有纸质加电子版这个选项的话，大部分人还是会选择更便宜的电子版，但和纸质版对比，同样的价格还可以获得电子版，所以人们会更倾向选择print plus digital，而不是digital

篇23：四级考试历年高频词汇短语：短语动词

1. 短语动词

be about to do 刚要,即将

be friends with 与...友好

bear in mind 记住

bring into effect 实行;使生效

bring into operation 实施;使生效

can not help 禁不住,忍不住

carry into effect 施行;使生效

cast light on/upon 阐明,使了解

catch fire 着火,烧着

catch one“s breath 喘气,松口气;屏息

catch one”s eye 引人注目

catch sight of 看到,发现

come into effect 生效;实施

come into operation 施行,实行,生效

come to one“s senses 醒悟;苏醒

come true 实现

could not help 禁不住,忍不住

cut short 中断,打断

do one”s best 尽力,努力

enjoy oneself 过得快活

fall in love with 爱上

find fault(with) 找岔

gain an advantage over 胜过,优于

get hold of 得到,获得

get rid of 丢弃,摆脱,

get the best of 战胜

get the better of 战胜,占上风

get together 会面,装配

give rise to 引起,导致

give way 让路,让步

go ahead 开始,进行

go into effect 施行,实行,生效

go into operation 生效,实施

go wrong 出错,出故障

had better 应该

had rather 宁愿

had rather...than 宁愿...而不愿...

have an advantage over 胜过,优于

have in mind 想到;记得;打算

have nothing to do with 和...毫无关系

have(something/much/little)to do with 和...(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系

help oneself 自用,自取

keep an eye on 留意,照看

keep in mind 记住

keep one“s head 保持镇静

keep one”s word 守信用

keep pace(with) (与...)齐步前进

lead the way 引路,带路

learn by heart 记住,背诵

leave alone 不打扰,不干预

let alone 更别提,不打扰

let go (of) 放,松手

lose heart 失去勇气,丧失信心

lose one“s head 慌乱,仓皇失措

lose one”s temper 发脾气,发努

lose sight of 忘记,忽略;看不见

make a /the difference 有影响,起作用

make friends 交朋友

make fun of 取笑,嘲弄

make one“s way 去,前往

make sense 讲得通,言之有理

make sure 查明;务必

make the best of 充分利用

make the most of 充分利用

make up one”s mind 下决心,打定主意

make use of 使用,利用

make way 让路,让出地方

may as well 还不如,不妨

never mind 不要紧;不用担心

pay attention to 注意

piece together 拼合

play a part(in) 起作用,参于

put into effect 实施;使生效

put into operation 实施;使生效

put into practice 实施;实行

put to use 使用

see to it that 注意,务必,保证

see that 注意,务必,保证

set fire to 使燃烧,点燃

take...for 把...认为是

take a chance 冒险,投机

take(a)delight in 以...为乐

take advantage of 利用,趁...之机

take care 当心,注意

take care of 照顾,照料

take charge 管理,接管

take effect 生效,起作用

take into account 考虑

take…… for granted 认为...理所当然

take one’s time 不着急,不着慌

take pains 努力,尽力,下苦功

take part (in) 参加,参于

take place 发生,进行,举行

take the place of 代替,取代

take turns 依次,轮流

think better of 经考虑改变对...的看法

try one“s best 尽力,努力

篇24：历年英语四级真题练习

Part I Writing(minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)

Section A

Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.

B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.

C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.

D.The woman should go on playing chess.

2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.

B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.

C.Mary probably knows Sally's new address.

D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.

3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.

B.His notes are not easy to read.

C.He did not attend today's class.

D.He is very pleased to be able to help.

4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.

B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.

C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.

D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.

5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.

B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.

C.He will clean the woman's boots for spring.

D.He will help the woman put things away.

6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.

B.The man appreciates the woman's help.

C.The man often lends books to the woman.

D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.

7.A.Go to work on foot.

B.Take a sightseeing trip.

C.Start work earlier than usual.

D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.

8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.

B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.

C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport's operation.

D.The airport's management is in real need of improvement.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.

B.It is headquartered in London.

C.It has a partnership with LCP.

D.It has a chemical processing plant.

10.A.He is Mr.Grand's friend.

B.He is a safety inspector.

C.He is a salesman.

D.He is a chemist.

11.A.Director of the safety department.

B.Mr.Grand's personal assistant.

C.Head of the personnel department.

D.The public relations officer.

12. A.Walt for Mr.Grand to call back.

B.Leave a message for Mr.Grand.

C.Provide details of their products and services.

D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.

B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.

C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.

D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.

14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.

B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.

C.She gave her first performance with her father.

D.She became a professional violinist at fifteen.

15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.

B.It was the chance of a lifetime.

C.It was a great challenge to her.

D.It helped her learn classical French music.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.

B.There are many misunderstandings about him.

C.His works have no match worldwide.

D.His personal history is little known.

17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.

B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.

C.He was a member of the town council.

D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.

18. A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.

B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.

C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.

D.People of his time had little interest in him.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A.Theft.

B.Cheating.

C.Air crash.

D.Road accidents.

20. A.Learn the local customs.

B.Make hotel reservations.

C.Book tickets well in advance.

D.Have the right documents.

21.A.Contact your agent.

B.Get a lift if possible.

C.Use official transport.

D.Have a friend meet you.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22.A.Cut down production cost.

B.Sell inexpensive products.

C.Specialise in gold ornaments.

D.Refine the taste of his goods.

23.A.At a national press conference.

B.During a live television interview.

C.During a local sales promotion campaign.

D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.

24.A.Insulted.

B.Puzzled.

C.Distressed.

D.Discouraged.

25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.

B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.

C.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.

D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.

Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?

The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.

This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for

each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.

”All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ,“ U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said.” Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.“

Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action.Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.

A.Announcing

B.beneficial

C.challenges

D.commitment

E.component

F.contests

G.critically

H.develop

I.distributing

J.enhance

K.entitled

L.potential

M.properly

N.qualified

O.retain

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Changes Facing Fast Food

A.Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.

B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such ”trading down“proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.

C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.

D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.

E.Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not work.Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its ”value menu“ now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.

F.Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.

G.Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its ” McCafe“ line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.

H.As fast-food companies shift from ”super size“ to ”more buys“, they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having agreater range of things on the menu, ”we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day,“ says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.

I.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.

J.In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.”Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,“ says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in , found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.

K.In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.”We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,“ he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie”Happy Meals“, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.

46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.

47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.

48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.

49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.

50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.

51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.

52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.

53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.

54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.

55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?

A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B.It will protect them from sunburn.

C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D.It will work for people of any skin color.

57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?

A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.

D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.

58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?

A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?

A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.

60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?

A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.

The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.

Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?

A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.

B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.

C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.

D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.

62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?

A.Longer life expectancies.

B.A rapid technological advance.

C.Profound changes in the workforce.

D.A growing number of the well-educated.

63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?

A.Economic growth will slow down.

B.Government budgets will increase.

C.More people will try to pursue higher education.

D.There will be more competition in the job market.

64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?

A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.

B.More people have to receive in-service training.

C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.

D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.

65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?

A.Computers will do more complicated work.

B.More will be taken by the educated young.

C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.

D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.

Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

1.大学英语四级听力真题练习

2.12月英语四级翻译真题练习：地铁报

3.英语四级写作预热练习

4.英语四级作文日常练习方法

5.英语四级练习题及答案

6.2017英语四级听力练习试题

7.英语四级练习试题

8.大学英语四级考试历年真题词汇详解

9.英语四级历年真题中最高频词汇排序及考试词频

10.6月大学英语四级听力真题模拟练习

篇25：英语四级历年真题试卷

206月英语四级考试真题试卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves.

B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.

C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.

D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.

2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.

B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills.

C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales.

D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.

B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.

C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.

D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.

4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.

B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.

C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.

D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading.

B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Corn Island.

C) It disappeared between two large islands.

D) It turned over because of strong winds.

6. A) 13.

B) 25.

C) 30.

D) 32.

7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort.

B) He is being investigated by the police.

C) He was drowned with the passengers.

D) He is among those people missing.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) At a shopping centre.

B) At a community college.

C) At an accountancy firm.

D) At an IT company.

9. A) Helping out with data input.

B) Arranging interviews.

C) Sorting application forms.

D) Making phone calls.

10. A) He enjoys using computers.

B) He needs the money badly.

C) He wants to work in the city centre.

D) He has relevant working experience.

11. A) Purchase some business suits.

B) Learn some computer language.

C) Improve his programming skills.

D) Review some accountancy terms.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) They are keen on high technology.

B) They are poor at technology skills.

C) They often listen to National Public Radio.

D) They feel superior in science and technology.

13. A) Japanese.

B) Germans.

C) Poles.

D) Americans.

14. A) Emailing.

B) Texting.

C) Science.

D) Literacy.

15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform.

B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking.

C) It has much room for improvement.

D) It prioritizes training of practical skills.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They have small roots.

B) They grow white flowers.

C) They taste like apples.

D) They come from Central Africa.

17. A) They turned from white to purple in color.

B) They became popular on the world market.

C) They became an important food for humans.

D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.

18. A) They were found quite nutritious.

B) There were serious food shortages.

C) People discovered their medicinal value.

D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) She could update her family any time she liked.

B) She could call up her family whenever she liked

C) She could locate her friends wherever they were.

D) She could download as many pictures as she liked.

20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success.

B) She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.

C) She felt quite popular among them.

D) She felt she was a teenager again.

21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends.

B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family.

C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work.

D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) They have strong muscles.

B) They live a longer life than horses.

C) They eat much less in winter.

D) They can work longer than donkeys.

23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king.

B) It was bought by George Washington.

C) It was brought over from Spain.

D) It was donated by a U.S. Ambassador.

24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding.

B) They participated in a mule-driving competition.

C) They showed and traded animals in the market.

D) They fed mules with the best food they could find.

25. A) The wider use of horses.

B) The arrival of tractors.

C) A shrinking animal trade.

D) A growing donkey population.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During __26__ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a __27__ called ”central fatigue,“ in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements __28__. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate （碳水化合物的）__30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因），which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of __31__. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still __32__ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Team spirit

A）Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for ”team players“. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, ”Global Human Capital Trends“，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.

B）Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy （等级体制）.

C）The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility（灵活性）. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that ”we compete against market transitions（过渡）, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. “ Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The ” millennials“ （千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.

D）The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.

E）A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流）, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, ”Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making. “ The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, ”I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary ... But don't count on it. “

F）Hackman （who died in ） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.

G）Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use ”team“ as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.

H）The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）:the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more ”inclusive“ is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that ”If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.“ They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain ”deviant“ （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.

I）A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are ”engaged“ is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

J）However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.

36.Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.

37.Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.

38.In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.

39.Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.

40.Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.

41.According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

42.Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.

43.Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.

44.To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.

45.Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.

Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.

This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from 1.19 billion pounds in 2011 to 1.12 billion pounds in , according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to 1.11 billion pounds in .

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in to 41 pounds in 2015.

Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save money. ”Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,“ said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. ”These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.“

While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).

One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because ______.

A. Britons have cut their spending on it.

B. its prices have gone up over the years.

C. its quality has seen marked improvement.

D. Britons have developed the habit of saving.

47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?

A. It will expand in time.

B. It will remain gloomy.

C. It will experience ups and downs.

D. It will recover as population grows.

48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?

A. Special offers would promote its sales.

B. Consumers are loyal to certain brands.

C. Luxurious features add much to the price.

D. Consumers have a variety to choose from.

49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?

A. They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.

B. They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.

C. They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.

D. They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.

50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.

B. Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.

C. Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.

D. Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

”One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,“ says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

In her study, participants were randomly （随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine （尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. ”If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'“ says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings （瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that Point. ”Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,“ says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. ”When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,“ Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

A. She quit smoking with her daughter's help.

B. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

C. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

D. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.

52. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?

A. They were given physical training.

B. They were looked after by physicians.

C. They were encouraged by psychologists.

D. They were offered nicotine replacements.

53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?

A. It is idealized.

B. It is unexpected.

C. It is encouraging.

D. It is misleading.

54. The idea of ”a marathon“ (Line 2，Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking _____.

A. is something few can accomplish

B. needs some practice first

C. requires a lot of patience

D. is a challenge at the beginning

55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

A. They find it even more difficult.

B. They are simply unable to make it.

C. They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.

D. They feel much less pain in the process.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

Part Ⅰ Writing

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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. C.Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.

2. A.Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.

3. C.Attacks on some Iditarod race competitors.

4. B.He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.

5. D.It turned over because of strong winds.

6. D.32.

7. B.He is being investigated by the police.

8. C.At an accountancy firm.

9. A.Helping out with data input.

10. B.He needs the money badly.

11. D.Review some accountancy terms.

12. B.They are poor at technology skills.

13. A.Japanese.

14. D.Literacy.

15. C.It has much room for improvement.

16. A.They have small roots.

17. D.They began to look like modern-day carrots.

18. B.There were serious food shortages.

19. A.She could update her family any time she liked.

20. B.She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.

21. D.She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.

22. A.They have strong muscles.

23. C.It was brought over from Spain.

24. C.They showed and traded animals in the market.

25. B.The arrival of tractors.

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：OIEGM DCJNF

36-45：HDBJG AFEIC

46-55：ABCAD BDCBA

Part IV Translation

The Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the world. The river, which flows through varied ecosystems along its passage, offers habitats for many endangered species and provides irrigation for 1/5 of China's land. The Yangtze River basin is home to 1/3 of China's population. The river plays a very important role in China historically, culturally and economically. The Yangtze River Delta contributes up to 20% of China's GDP. For millennia, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial activities. The world's largest hydropower station is also built on the river.

篇26：英语四级听力历年真题

Part 1 短对话

Question 1

- M： Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month?

- W： Sure。 It’s actually the most impressive one I’ve seen on that topic。

Q：What do we learn about the speakers?

Question 2

- W： Are you looking for anything in particular?

- M： Yes。 My son is graduating from high school， and I want to get him something special。

Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place?

Question 3

- M： Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery。

- W： Really? If I remember right， he had a chance to work there， but he turned it down。

Q：What does the woman say about Mike?

Question 4

- W： Would you like to come to Susan’s birthday party tomorrow evening?

- M： I’m going to give a lecture tomorrow。 I wish I could be in two places at the same time。

Q：What does the man mean?

Question 5

- W： Aren’t you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making?

- M： Yes。 I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it。

Q：What is the man probably going to do?

Question 6

- W： Excuse me。 Could you tell me where the visitors’ parking is? I left my car there。

- M： Sure。 It’s in Lot C。 Over that way。

Q：What does the woman want to know?

Question 7

- W： You look great! Now that you’ve taken those fitness classes。

- M： Thanks。 I’ve never felt better in my life。

Q：What does the man mean?

Question 8

- W： I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries。

- M： Our company selects only the best。 They have a heave workload and we give them a lot of responsibilities。

Q：What are the speakers talking about?

Part 2 长对话

Conversion 1

W： Hi Leo， why do you say English would become the world language?

M： Well。 For one thing， it’s so commonly used， the only language that is used by more people is Chinese。

W： Why is English spoken by so many people?

M： It’s spoken in many countries of the world because of the British empire。 And now of course is the influence of America as well。

W： Many students find English a difficult language to learn。

M： Oh， all languages are difficult to learn。 But English does have two greatest advantages。

W： What are they?

M： Well， first of all， it has a very international vocabulary。 It has many German， Dutch， French， Spanish and Italian words in it。 So speakers of those languages will find many familiar words in English。 In fact， English has words for many other languages as well。

W： Why is that?

M： Well， partly because English speakers have travelled a lot， they bring back words with them。 So English really does have an international vocabulary。

W： And what is the other advantage of English?

M： It that English grammar is really quite easy。 For example， it doesn’t have dozens of different endings for its nouns， adjectives and verbs， not like Latin， Russian and German for example。

W： Why is that?

M： Well， it’s quite interesting actually， it’s because of the French。 When the French ruled England， French was the official language， and only the common people spoke English。 They tried to make their language as simple as possible。 So they made the grammar easier。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard。

Q9： What does the man say about Chinese?

Q10： What made English a widely used language?

Q11： What is said to be special about English vocabulary?

Conversation 2

Man： Hello。 Yes?

Woman： Hello。 Is that the sales department?

M： Yes， it is。

W：Oh， well。 My name is Jane Kingsbury of GPF limited。 We need some supplies for our design office。

M： Oh， what sort?

W：Well， first of all， we need one complete new drawing board。

M： DO44 or DO45?

W：Ah， I don’t know。 What’s the difference?

M： Well， the 45 costs 15 pounds more。

W：So what’s the total price then?

M：It’s 387 pounds。

W：Dose that include valued-added tax?

M： Oh， I’m not sure。 Most of the prices do。 Yes， I think it does。

W：What are the boards actually made of?

M： Oh， I don’t know。 I think it‘s a sort of plastic stuff these days。 It’s white anyway。

W：And how long does it take to deliver?

M： Oh， I couldn’t really say。 It depends on how much work we’ve got and how many other orders there are to send out， you know。

W：Ok， now we also want some drawing pens， ink and rulers， and some drawing paper。

M： Oh dear。 The girl who takes all those supplies isn’t here this morning。 So I can’t take those orders for you。 I only do the equipment you see。

W：Ok， well， perhaps I’ll ring back tomorrow。

M： So do you want the drawing board then?

W：Oh， I have to think about it。 Thanks very much。 I’ll let you know。 Good-bye。

M： Thank you。 Good-bye。

Question 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you just heard。

Question 12： What is the woman’s purpose in making the phone call?

Question 13： What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

Question 14： What does the man say about delivery?

Question 15： What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?

Part 3 短文

短文 1

No one knows for sure just how old kites are。 In fact， they have been in use for centuries。 25 centuries ago， kites were well-known in China。 These first kites were probably made of wood。 They may even have been covered with silk， because silk were used a lot at that time。 Early kites were built for certain uses。 In ancient China， they will use to carry ropes to cross rivers。 Once across， the ropes were tear down and wooden bridges would hang for them。 Legend tells of one General who flew musical kites over the enemies’ camp。 The enemy fled， believing the sounds to be the warming voices of angels。 By the 15th century， many people flew kites in Europe。 Marco Polo may have brought the kite back from his visit to China。 The kite has been linked to great names and events。 For instance， Benjamin Franklin used kite to prove the lightening electricity。 He flew the kite in the storm。 He did this in order to draw lightening from the clouds。 He tied a metal key and a strip of silk to the kite line。 The silk ribbon would stop the lightening from passing through his body。 Benjamin’s idea was first laughed at。 But later on， it enlightened the invention of the lightening rod。 With such grand history， kite flying is short remain an entertaining and popular sport。

Question 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard。

Question 16： What does the speaker say about kite?

Question 17： What did ancient Chinese use cats to do?

Question 18： Why did BF flied a kite in the storm?

短文2

I have learnt many languages， but I’m not mastered them the way the professional interpreter or translator has。 Still， they have open doors for me。 They have allowed me the opportunity to seek jobs in international contexts and help me get those jobs。 Like many people who have lived overseas for a while， I simply got crazy about it。 I can’t image living my professional or social life without international interactions。 Since 1977， I have spent much more time abroad than in the United States。 I like going to new places， eating new foods and experiencing new cultures。 If you can speak the language， it’s easier to get to know the country and its people。 If I had the time and money。 I would live for a year in as many countries as possible。 Beyond my career， my facility with languages has given me a few rare opportunities。 Once， just after I returned my year in Vienna。 I was asked to translate for a German judge at Olympic level horse event and learned a lot about the sport。

In Japan， once when I was in the studio audience of a TV cooking show， I was asked to go up on the stage and taste the beef dish that was being prepared and tell what I thought。 They asked” Was it as good as American beef?” It was very exciting for me to be on Japanese TV， speaking in Japanese about how delicious the beef was。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you’ve just heard。

Question 19 What does the speaker say about herself?

Question 20 What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?

Question 21 How did the speaker experience of living in Vienna benefit her?

Question 22 What was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio?

短文3

Dr。 Ben Carsen grew up in a poor single parent house-hold in Detroit。 His mother， who had only a 3rd grade education helds two jobs cleaning bathrooms。 To his classmates and even to his

teachers he was thought of as the dummest kid in his class。 According to his own not so fond memories。

He had a terrible temper， and once threatened to kill another child。 Dr。 Carsen was headed down part of seld distraction until a critical moment in his youth。 His mother convinced that he had to do something dramatic preventing leading a life of failure laid down some rules。 He could not

watch television except for two programs a week， could not play with his friends after school

until he finished his homework。 And had to read two books a week， and write book reports about them。 His mother’s strategy worked。 “Of course， I didn’t know she couldn’t read。 So there I was

submitting these reports。” he said。 She would put check marks on them like she had been reading them。 As I began to read about scientists，economists and philosophers。 I started imaging myself in their shoes。 As he got into the hobbit of hard work， his grade began to soar。 Ultimately he received a scholarship to attending Yale

University， and later he was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical School。

He is now a leading surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School and he is also the author of the three books。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard。

Q23 What do we learn about Ben Carsen ?

Q24 What did Ben Caren’s classmates and teachers think of him whenhe was first at school?

Q25 What did Ben Carsen’s mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?

Part 4 听写题

When you look up at the night sky， what do you see? There are other heavenly bodies out there besides the moon and stars。 One of the most fascinating of this is a comet。 Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed。 They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses。 Now and then these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do。 As a comet gets closer to the sun。 Some gasses in it begin to unfreeze。 They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud。 As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail。 The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are characteristics that can help identify this phenomenon in the night sky。 In any given year， about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits。 The average person can’t see them all of course。 Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the naked eye。 Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet。 Its orbit bought relatively to the earth within 122 million miles of it。 But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit。 It won’t be back for another 4 thousand years or so。

篇27：历年英语四级真题解析

6月英语四级真题试卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder.

B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.

C) Replace the cupboard with a new one.

D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.

2. A) At Mary Johnson’s. C) In an exhibition hall.

B) At a painter’s studio. D) Outside an art gallery.

3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.

B) She does not quite agree with what the man said.

C) The man had better talk with the students himself.

D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.

4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture.

B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.

C) Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.

D) He was good at assembling bookshelves.

5. A) He doesn’t get on with the others. C) He has been taken for a fool.

B) He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. D) He has found a better position.

6. A) They should finish the work as soon as possible.

B) He will continue to work in the garden himself.

C) He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.

D) They can hire a gardener to do the work.

7. A) The man has to get rid of the used furniture.

B) The man’s apartment is ready for rent.

C) The furniture is covered with lots of dust.

D) The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.

8. A) The man will give the mechanic a call.

B) The woman is waiting for a call.

C) The woman is doing some repairs.

D) The man knows the mechanic very well.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A) She had a job interview to attend.

B) She was busy finishing her project.

C) She had to attend an important meeting.

D) She was in the middle of writing an essay.

10. A) Accompany her roommate to the classroom.

B) Hand in her roommate’s application form.

C) Submit her roommate’s assignment.

D) Help her roommate with her report.

11. A) Where Dr. Ellis’s office is located. C) Directions to the classroom building.

B) When Dr. Ellis leaves his office. D) Dr. Ellis’s schedule for the afternoon.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) He finds it rather stressful. C) He can handle it quite well.

B) He is thinking of quitting it. D) He has to work extra hours.

13. A) The 6:00 one. C) The 7:00 one.

B) The 6:30 one. D) The 7:30 one.

14. A) It is an awful waste of time.

B) He finds it rather unbearable.

C) The time on the train is enjoyable.

D) It is something difficult to get used to.

15. A) Reading newspapers. C) Listening to the daily news.

B) Chatting with friends. D) Planning the day’s work.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

16. A) Ignore small details while reading.

B) Read at least several chapters at one sitting.

C) Develop a habit of reading critically.

D) Get key information by reading just once or twice.

17. A) Choose one’s own system of marking.

B) Underline the key words and phrases.

C) Make as few marks as possible.

D) Highlight details in a red color.

18. A) By reading the textbooks carefully again.

B) By reviewing only the marked parts.

C) By focusing on the notes in the margins.

D) By comparing notes with their classmates.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.

B) The amount of sleep for each person is similar.

C) One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.

D) Everybody needs some sleep for survival.

20. A) It is a made-up story. C) It is a rare exception.

B) It is beyond cure. D) It is due to an accident.

21. A) His extraordinary physical condition.

B) His mother’s injury just before his birth.

C) The unique surroundings of his living place.

D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.

B) She learned to write for financial newspapers.

C) She developed a strong interest in finance.

D) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.

23. A) She made a wise investment in real estate.

B) She sold the restaurant with a substantial profit.

C) She got 1.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.

D) She inherited a big fortune from her father.

24. A) She was extremely mean with her money.

B) She was dishonest in business dealings.

C) She frequently ill-treated her employees.

D) She abused animals including her pet dog.

25. A) She made a big fortune from wise investment.

B) She built a hospital with her mother’s money.

C) She made huge donations to charities.

D) She carried on her family’s tradition.

Section C

Direction: In the section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are (26)______ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to (27)______ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly (28)_______. Speakers or English have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the (29)______ of the Colombian gesture. Again, in Colombian, a speaker of English would have to know that when he (30)________ height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is (31)_______ a human being or an animal. If he keeps the palm of the hand (32)_________ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in Colombia this gesture is (33)_________ for the description of animals. In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand (34)_________ to the floor. Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also (35)________ moment. In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Many Brazilians cannot read. In , a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate (文盲). Many 36 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 37 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey .of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries. Argentines, their neighbors, 38 18th.

The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13 the government 39 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.

One discouragement to reading is that books are 40 . Most books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.

But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the counties leaders long 41 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s.

All this me Brazil’s book market has the biggest growth 42 in the western world.

But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in , 89 million, including textbooks 43 by the government, than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library 44 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites (白蚁） had eaten much of the 45 . That ought to be a cause for national shame.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)average

B)collection

C)distributed

D)exhibition

E)expensive

F)launched

G)named

H)neglected

I) normal

J) particularly

K) potential

L) quit

M) ranked

N) simply

O) treasured

Section B

The Touch-Screen Generation

A) On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children’s apps（应用程序）for phones and tablets（平板电脑）gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their games. The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children’s media. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reach the hall's second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe（敬畏）and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around and talked with developers, and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori’s, “The hands are the instruments of man’s intelligence.”

B) What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were not down at the shore poking（戳）their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or picking seashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inches from a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.

C) In , the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children and media. In , the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research on brain development that showed this age group’s critical need for “direct interactions with parents and other significant care givers.” The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changed significantly since then. In , 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumed some form of electronic media. Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in 1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For older children, the academy noted, “high-quality programs” could have “educational benefits.”) The 2011 report mentioned “smart cell phone” and “new screen” technologies, but did not address interactive apps. Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parents that some good mightcome from those little swiping（在电子产品上刷）fingers.

D) I had come to the developers’ conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents, enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy’s ideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the more cautious doctors weren’t ready to address.

E) I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a former Montessori teacher and a mother of four. I myself have three children who are all fans of the touch screen. What games did her kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take home.

“They don’t play all that much.”

Really? Why not?

“Because I don’t allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it’s clearly

educational. ”

No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards of

overcontrolling parents.

“On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough.”

F) Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were also parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and long car rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The most permissive said half an hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one point I sat with one of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was starting to fuss in her high chair, so the mom stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else could enjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers who feel they are being judged. “At home,” she assured me, “I only let her watch movies in Spanish. ’’

G) By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomes almost everywhere in our lives. American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what it might be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfort and ease. On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate（航行）all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digital media, too early, will sink them. Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical（外科的）instruments, devices that might perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some great robotics competition—but only if they are used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of those sad, pale creatures who can’t make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual world.

H) Norman Rockwell, a 20th-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Add to that our modern fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences - that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged（放纵的）will add up to some permanent handicap（障碍）in the future—and you have deep guilt and confusion. To date, no body of research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese, or alternatively that it will rust her nervous system the device has been out for only three years, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather research subjects. So what is a parent to do?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

46. The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in the electronic age.

47. American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to their children.

48. Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.

49. The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids, screen time.

50. Research shows interaction with people is key to babies’ brain development.

51. So far there has been no scientific proof of the educational benefits of iPads.

52. American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids’ interpersonal relationships.

53. The author expected developers of children's apps to specify the benefits of the new technology.

54. The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.

55. The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.

Section C

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.

All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don’t seek as many management roles—failed to justify this one. These young women didn’t have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.

But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students’ years on campus.

Now that women arc the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous（非常严格的）subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.

As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling（栽倒）over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy（性感的）? All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion to pursue science and sports, math and theater and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because_________.

A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses

B) they do not feel as fit for management roles

C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home

D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities

57. What does the author say about America's higher education system?

A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.

B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.

C) It does not take care of women students' special needs.

D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.

58. What does the author say about today's college experience?

A) It is different for male and female students.

B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.

C) It is more exhausting than most women expect.

D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.

59. What does the author say about women students in college?

A) They have no idea how to bring out their best.

B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.

C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.

D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school.

60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?

A) Women arc too worn out to be ambitious.

B) Women are not ready to take management roles.

C) Women are caught between career and family.

D) Women are not good at negotiating salaries.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.

I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I sec way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.

Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求）leadership in the first place.

We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.

Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and or the needs of the moment demand it.

Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.

True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn’t their only tool. In fact, it isn’t ever their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answers, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know it’s vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.

If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all, you're dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

61. What does the author think of the leaders he knows?

A) Many of them are used to taking charge.

B) Few of them are equal to their positions.

C) Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.

D) Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.

62. Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?

A) They believe they have the natural gift to lead.

B) They believe in what leadership literature says.

C) They have proved competent in many situations.

D They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.

63. What characterizes a great leader according to the author?

A) Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.

B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.

C) Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.

D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.

64. How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?

A) They reassess the situation at hand. C) They resort to any tool available.

B) They become impatient and rude. D) They blame their team members.

65. What is the author’s advice to leaders?

A) Concentrate on one specific task at a time.

B) Use different tools to achieve different goals.

C) Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.

D) Show determination when faced with tough tasks.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居第3 0位，几乎是最低的。

3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全险查。到10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。

随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。

部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

A Tour to Mount Tai

I am delighted to learn that my foreign friend, Bill, is going to take vacation in my hometown. For the sake of his hospitality I enjoyed in England, I will show him around the landscape, among which Mount Tai unquestion-ably on the top of my list.

Centuries ago, at the summit of the mountain, Confucius exclaimed that the world was small; in modern times, everyone is bound to appreciate its spectacularity and sacredness. Mount Tai is more than a mountain; it is a place which symbolizes hope and auspiciousness, embodying profound culture. Furthermore, Mount Tai is considered to be scared to the point where almost every ancient Chinese emperor came here to make offerings to Heaven and Earth, praying for a prosperous country and a peaceful living environment.

Visiting Mount Tai is more than a mountain climbing excursion, but a hands-on engagement in ancient culture and contemporary prosperity. Thus, I assure you that you will like this wonderful experience.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

A. 短对话

1. 参考原文：

W: I can’t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.

M: Oh… Why don’t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

点评：本题考点：计划或者建议。考点在第二个男士的提议。答案选B：Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. strain v.表示拉伸，扭伤 strain your shoulder 拉伤肩膀。

2. 参考原文：

W: Since it’s raining so hard, let’s go and see the new exhibits.

M: That’s a good idea. Mary Johnson is one of my favorite painters.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

点评：本题考点：对话场景题。通过女士提到的“new exhibits”和男士提到的“favorite painters”可推出答案为D：Outside an art gallery.

3. 参考原文：

M: I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.

W: It depends on which student you are talking about.

Q: What does the woman imply?

点评：本题考查语义推断。考点在第二个女士的回应，面对男士的说法，她并没有表示认同，而是婉转表达了质疑。对应选项B. She does not quite agree with what the man said. “unfair evaluation”意思是“不公平的评价”。

4. 参考原文：

W: It must have taken you a long time to fix up all these book shelves.

M: It wasn’t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them.

Q: What does the man mean?

点评：本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士的话。对应选项C. Doris fixed up some of the book shelves.原文中男士说的 “do some of them”指的就是修理书架。

5. 参考原文：

W: Rod, I hear you’ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?

M: Yeah. I’ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I’d be a fool to turn it down.

Q: Why is the man quitting his job?

点评：本题考查因果关系。考点在第二个男士所解释的原因。对应D. He has found a better position. “position”即“职位”， “firm”即“公司”。 “quit”即“放弃，辞职”的意思。

6. 参考原文：

W: I honestly don’t want to continue the gardening tomorrow, Tony?

M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over within this weekend.

Q: What does the man mean?

点评：本题考查转折关系。考点在第二个男士语义转折之后的内容。对应选项A. They should finish the work as soon as possible. 选项 “finish”同义替换原文中的 “get it over”，而 “as soon as possible”则改写了 “within this weekend”.

7. 参考原文：

W: You’ve already furnished your apartment?

M: I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

点评：本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士所说的话，习惯用语 “dirt cheap”就是“很便宜，白菜价”的意思。对应答案D. The furniture the man bought is inexpensive. 其中 “inexpensive”同义改写了“dirt cheap”。

8. 参考原文：

W: Has the mechanic called the bus repairers?

M: Not yet .I’ll let you know when he calls.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

点评：本题考查语义推断。考点要结合女士的提问和男士的回答。对应B. The woman is waiting for a call. “mechanic”指“机械工”，“bus repairers”指“公车修理师”。

B.长对话和短文

Conversation one:

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. Why couldn’t the woman’s roommate attend the Shakespearean English class that afternoon?

10. What favor is the woman going to do for her roommate?

11. What does the woman want to know at the end of the conversation?

答案：

9. 点评：前2句都是礼节性问答，第3句开始出现新人物 “Janet Holmes”, 即考点预警信号。关键信息就是女士接下来的回答：“It’s just that she submitted a job application yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today”.对应A选项：She had a job interview to attend.

10. 点评：前文刚刚提到“Janet Holmes”所遇到的问题(因面试不能上课交作业)，接着就提到了解决这一问题的方法，关键听取原文中“I’m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay.”对应选项C：Submit her roommate’s assignment.

11. 点评：从四个选项都以特殊疑问词开头的特征可以预判，本题考点是某人的疑问。关键信息是女士在最后所提到的问题：“And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is?”对应选项A. Where Dr. Ellis’s office is located.

【综合点评】：本题完全符合长对话 “问答结构”的惯有出题套路，分别针对problem和solution进行提问，而且并没有出现逆序出题现象为难考生，整体难度一般。

Conversation 2:

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. What does the man say about his job?

13. Which train does the man take to work every day?

14. How does the man feel about commuting to work every day now?

15. How does the man spend his time on the morning train?

答案：

12.点评：第一题完全符合“前3句出考点”的套路，考点信息出现在明显的信号词 “But”之后：“But it’s bearable now that I’ m used to it”。 bearable 表示可以忍受的，be used to 表示为习惯做某事。对应选项C：He can handle it quite well.

13. 点评：本题考查时间细节，所听即所选。关键信息是“It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train” 对应选项B：The 6:30 train.

14. 点评：本题考点再次出现在明显信号词But之后：“But now I quite enjoy it.”对应选项C：The time on the train is enjoyable

15. 点评：长对话最后一题往往对应整个对话的结尾部分。女士最后问男士在车上如何消磨时光，男士的回答则是考点信息：“In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news.”对应选项A：Reading newspapers.

【综合点评】：本题完全符合顺序出题原则，有2道题的答案更是直接出现在信号词But之后，答案直来直往基本不需要进行推断，出题思路中规中矩，整体难度一般。

Passage One

16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?

17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?

18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?

答案：

16. 点评：根据短文理解“前3句出考点”原则，如果本文前1、2句的因果关系没有成为考点，考点则顺延到第3句和第4句，关键信息为“They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading.”extract表示提取、选取，对应选项D：Get key information by reading just once or twice.

17. 点评：从第二段开始，marking skill被反复提到，无疑是重要考点。就做标记的技巧，作者一共提了3个建议，其中 “Third, decide on your own system for marking”几乎完整地被选项A照搬下来：Choose one's own system of marking.根据所听基本即所选原则，答案就是A。

18. 点评：最后一题考察了转折结构，考点信息出现在明显的信号词 ‘Instead”之后：“Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.”对应选项B：By reviewing only the marked parts.

Passage Two

19. What is taken for granted by most people?

20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin's case?

21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin's sleeplessness?

答案：

19. 点评：答案出现在明显的信号词 “But”之后，即：“But everyone needs some rest to stay alive.”对应选项D：Everybody needs some sleep for survival.

20. 点评：答案出现在明显的信号词 “But”之后，即：“But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a rare exception”对应选项C：It is a rare exception. rare表示稀有的，少见的。

21. 点评：根据顺序出题原则，本题对应文章结尾部分。文章最后提到医生对Al Herpin不用睡觉感到困惑，紧接着就解释了原因。 “clue”(表示线索)是本题的考点信号词，随后就是考点信息:“He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born.” 对应选项B：His mother's injury just before his birth.

22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?

23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?

24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?

25. What do we learn about Hetty's daughter?

答案：

22. 点评：本题略有难度。考点即没有出现在前3句话，也没有出现在明显的信号词之后，但是只要提前划记好了本题关键词，根据“所听基本即所选”原则还是可以找到答案C：She developed a strong interest in finance. 该选项对应原文信息 “At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account.”

23. 点评：本题略有难度。考点紧跟在上一题考点句之后，即 “Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars.”对应选项D. She inherited a big fortune from her father.

24. 点评：本题难度较大。错误选项中的细节有较强干扰性，但如果考生对最后一段的整体结构有所把握，就会发现在第一句提到了Hetty的 “meanness”(吝啬，小气) 之后，后文 “always argued about prices” “buy broken biscuits” “refused to pay for a doctor”这些细节都属于次要信息，是对“meanness”的例证。对应选项A. She was extremely mean with her money.

25. 点评：本题考点就是本文最后一句话 “her daughter built a hospital with her money”对应选项B. She built a hospital with her mother's money.

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

选词填空

题目一：

本文选自5月16日的经济学人

www.economist.com/node/5636369

参考原文

A nation of non-readers: A strange and costly disregard for books

MANY Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate. Many simply do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The averageBrazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year—less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries, spending 5.2 hours a week with a book. Argentines, their neighbours, ranked 18th.

In rare accord, government, businesses and NGOs are all striving in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government launched a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things. The Brazil Reader Institute, an NGO, brings books to people: it has installed lending libraries in two S?o Paulo metro stations, and is planning one in a Carnival samba school. It is starting to be common to see characters in television soap operas shown reading. Cynics note that Globo, the biggest broadcaster, is also a big publisher of books, newspapers and magazines.

One discouragement to reading is that books are expensive. At S?o Paulo's book fair this week, “O Código Da Vinci” was on sale for 32 reais—more than a tenth of the official minimum monthly wage. Most other books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.

But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long neglected education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s. Radio was ubiquitous by the 1930s; libraries and bookshops have still not caught up. “The electronic experience came before the written experience,” says Marino Lobello, of the Brazilian Chamber of Books, an industry body.

All this means that Brazil's book market has the biggest growth potential in the western world, reckons Mr Lobello. That notion has attracted foreign publishers, such as Spain's Prisa-Santillana, which bought a local house last year. American evangelical publishers are eyeing the market for religious books, which outsell fiction in Brazil.

But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004—289m, including textbooks distributed by the government—than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library quit after a controversial tenure. He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites had eaten much of the collection. Along with crime and high interest rates, that ought to be a cause for national shame.

答案及解析

36. N. simply

本空所在句不缺其它成分，该空应为副词。备选副词J) particularly(专门地、特别地)与N) simply(简单地、仅仅)中，simply符合句意“许多人仅仅是不想学着识字。”

37. A. average

本空修饰名词Brazilian，需要形容词。备选形容词A) average(平均的、普通的)E) expensive(昂贵的)K) potential(潜在的)中，average符合句意“普通的巴西人每年读1.8本非学术书目”。且reads 1.8 non-academic books a year也在提示这里是在描述平均值。

38. M. ranked

本空是该句谓语，缺动词。且与前句并列，而前句用的过去式，因此本空需动词过去式。备选的有C) distributed(分发、散布)、F) launched(发射、发动)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽视)、L) quit(退出、辞职)、M) ranked(排名)和O) treasured(珍惜)。能与空后的18th构成合理搭配的只有ranked，表示“排在第18位”。另外前句描述的也是巴西的排名。

39. F. launched

本空是该句谓语，缺动词。由于描述的是过去的日子，需要过去式。备选的有C) distributed(分发、散布)、F) launched(发射、发动)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽视)、L) quit(退出、辞职)和O) treasured(珍惜)。本空后的专有概念National Plan for Books and Reading明显是个活动或计划之类，能与之构成合理搭配的只有launched，表示“发起了此计划”。

40. E. expensive

本空做表语，主语是books，形容词、动词分词可能性较大。注意到后句提到push up their price，因此这里描述的应该是书的价格，expensive符合话题。

41. H. neglected

本空是所在从句的谓语，且描述的是过去、主句也为过去式，因此这里需要过去式。备选的有C) distributed(分发、散布)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽视)和L) quit(退出、辞职)O) treasured(珍惜)。注意前句引出的话题是巴西对书籍的漠视，本句提到的也是巴西长期奴隶制的影响，因此本空应选择neglected，表示巴西“长期忽视教育”。distributed意思不合理，treasured则与这里想表示的意思相反。

42. K. potential

本空一种可能是副词，但备选副词只剩particularly，而其意思在这里并不合适，这里也没有构成其所表示的递进关系的条件。因此只能考虑本空另一种可能：名词。备选的有B) collection(收集)、D) exhibition(展览)和K) potential(潜力)。potential是唯一意思合理的，表示巴西的图市场“有着最大的增长潜力”。

43. C. distributed

本空位于名词后，应为后置定语，需要动词分词;by提示了这里需要过去分词。备选的有C) distributed(分发、散布)、G) named(取名、提名)和L) quit(退出、辞职)O) treasured(珍惜)。这里意思合理的只有distributed，表示“被政府分发的书籍”。

44. L. quit

本空是该句谓语，其描述的是过去，需要过去式，备选的有G) named(取名、提名)、L) quit(退出、辞职)、和O) treasured(珍惜)。同时该空后无宾语，因此必须是不及物动词，符合此要求的只有quit，表示国家图书馆负责人辞职。

45. B. collection

空前的定冠词提示本空需要名词，备选的有B) collection(收集)和D) exhibition(展览)。这里意思较合理的是collection，它可以表示图书馆的馆藏书籍。意思是“白蚁吃掉了大部分馆藏书籍”。

Section B

46. D

47. G

48. A

49. E

50. C

51. H

52. G

53. D

54. A

55. F

Section C

56. C

57. B

58. A

59. D

60. A

61. B

62. A

63. D

64. B

65. C

Part IV Translation

China should further develop nuclear energy because currently，nuclear power accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity . Such proportion ranks the thirtieth in all the countries possessing nuclear power, which is almost the last.

After Japan’s nuclear power accident in March 2011, nuclear power development in China was suspended, so was the approval of new nuclear power plants. Also, the national safety check for the nuclear power was carried out. IT was not until October that the approval was prudently resumed.

With the improvement of technology and safety measures, there is little possibility for nuclear accidents to happen. In other words, there won’t be any trouble to develop and exploit the nuclear power.

这篇略难，恭喜人品。第一二句，注意逻辑;第三句，注意“排”这个字要用主动;

第二段主要注意时态：过去时。

最后一段，伴随状语和句子间的逻辑。

详解：

第一句，考察词汇进一步，占据，以及句子逻辑关系的判断。

第二句注意使用非限制性定语从句。

第三句话是全文最长的一句话，注意几个简单句的合并(so was B以及用逻辑词);考察词汇停止，开展。

第四句，考察“直到。。。才”(not until)句型。

第五句，简单句，无难度，考察with表伴随。

最后一句，简单句，考察短语换句话说, 以及词汇开发利用。

篇28：英语四级听力历年真题

Section A News Report

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.

B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.

C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.

D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.

2. A) He doubled the reward.

B) He cheered him on all the way.

C) He set him an example.

D) He had the event covered on TV.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To end the one-child policy.

B) To encourage late marriage.

C) To increase working efficiency.

D) To give people more time to travel.

4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.

B) They will help to popularize early marriage.

C) They will boost China's economic growth.

D) They will not come into immediate effect.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.

B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.

C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.

D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.

6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.

B) It leaves the house in a mess.

C) It makes party goers exhausted.

D) It creates noise and misconduct.

7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.

B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.

C) Settle a legal dispute.

D) Expand their business.

Section B Conversation

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) He had a driving lesson.

B) He got his driver's license.

C) He took the driver's theory exam.

D) He passed the driver's road test.

9. A) He was not well prepared.

B) He did not get to the exam in time.

C) He was not used to the test format.

D) He did not follow the test procedure.

10. A) They are tough.

B) They are costly.

C) They are helpful.

D) They are too short.

11. A) Pass his road test the first time.

B) Test-drive a few times on highways.

C) Find an experienced driving instructor.

D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Where the woman studies.

B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.

C) Leed's tuition for international students.

D) How to apply for studies at a university.

13. A) Apply to an American university.

B) Do research on higher education.

C) Perform in a famous musical.

D) Pursue postgraduate studies.

14. A) His favorable recommendations.

B) His outstanding musical talent.

C) His academic excellence.

D) His unique experience.

15. A) Do a master's degree.

B) Settle down in England.

C) Travel widely.

D) Teach overseas.

Section C Passage

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.

B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.

C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.

D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.

17. A) They are larger than many other species.

B) They can cause damage to people's homes.

C) They can survive a long time without water.

D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.

18. A) Deny them access to any food.

B) Keep doors and windows shut.

C) Destroy their colonies close by.

D) Refrain from eating sugary food.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) The function of the human immune system.

B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.

C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.

D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.

20. A) Report their illnesses.

B) Offer blood samples.

C) Act as research assistants.

D) Help to interview patients.

21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.

B) Better understanding patients' immune system.

C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.

D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.

B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.

C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.

D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.

23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.

B) Join the school's chess team.

C) Participate in a national chess competition.

D) Receive training for a chess competition.

24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.

B) Many have become national chess champions.

C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.

D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.

25. A) Actions speak louder than words.

B) Think twice before taking action.

C) Translate their words into action.

D) Take action before it gets too late.

篇29：历年英语四级练习真题

Part IWriting(三十 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a course thathas impressed you most in college.You should state the reasons and write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A． She used to be in poor health.

B． She was popular among boys.

C． She was somewhat overweight.

D． She didn't do well at high school.

2. A． At the airport.

B． In a restaurant.

C． In a booking office.

D． At the hotel reception.

3. A． Teaching her son by herself.

B． In a restaurant.

C． Asking the teacher for extra help.

D． Telling her son not to worry.

4. A． Have a short break.

B． Take two weeks off.

C． Continue her work outdoors.

D． Go on vacation with the man.

5. A． He is taking care of his twin brother.

B． Take two weeks off.

C． He is worried about Rod's health.

D． He has been in perfect condition.

6. A． She sold all her furniture before she moved house.

B． She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.

C． She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.

D． She bought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.

7. A． The woman wondered why the man didn't return the book.

B． The woman doesn't seem to know what the book is about.

C． The woman doesn't find the book useful any more.

D． The woman forgot lending the book to the man.

8. A． Most of the man's friends are athletes.

B． Few people share the woman's opinion.

C． The man doesn't look like a sportsman.

D． The woman doubts the man's athletic ability.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A． She has packed it in one of her bags.

B． She is going to get it at the airport.

C． She has probably left it in a taxi.

D． She is afraid that she has lost it.

10. A． It ends in winter.

B． It will cost her a lot.

C． It will last one week.

D． It depends on the weather.

11. A． The plane is taking off soon.

B． The taxi is waiting for them.

C． There might be a traffic jam.

D． There is a lot of stuff to pack.

12. A． At home.

B． At the airport.

C． In the man's car.

D． By the side of a taxi.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A． She is thirsty for promotion.

B． She wants a much higher salary.

C． She is tired of her present work.

D． She wants to save travel expenses.

14. A． Translator.

C． Language instructor.

B． Travel agent.

D． Environmental engineer.

15. A． Lively personality and inquiring mind.

B． Communication skills and team spirit.

C． Devotion and work efficiency.

D． Education and experience.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．.

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A． They care a lot about children.

B． They need looking after in their old age.

C． They want to enrich their life experience.

D． They want children to keep them company.

17. A． They are usually adopted from distant places.

B． Their birth information is usually kept secret~

C． Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.

D． Their adoptive parents don't want them to know their birth parents.

18. A． They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.

B． They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.

C． They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.

D． They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.

19. A． Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.

B． Most .people prefer to adopt children from overseas.

C． Understanding is the key to successful adoption.

D． Adoption has much to do with love.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A． He suffered from mental illness.

B． He bought The Washington Post.

C． He turned a failing newspaper into a success.

D． He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.

21. A． She was the first woman to lead a big U.S. publishing company.

B． She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.

C． She committed suixide because of her mental disorder.

D． She took over her father's position when he died.

22. A． People came to see the role of women in the business world.

B． Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans' mind.

C． American media would be quite different without Katharine.

D． Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A． It'll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.

B． It'll allow them to receive free medical treatment.

C． It'll protect them from possible financial crises.

D． It'll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.

24. A． They can't immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.

B． They have to go through very complicated application procedures.

C． They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.

D． They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.

25. A． They don't have to pay for the medical services.

B． They needn't pay the entire medical bill at once.

C． They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.

D． They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Final- ly, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (26)__________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.

The (27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturb-ing signs of trouble in the (28)__________ of percentages of people living in towns and per-centages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew(29)__________ the growth of industry. In Europe the proportion of people living in citiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin

factories.Now,however,the(30) __________ is almost always tree in the newly industrialised world: the percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.

Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot(31) __________their growth;thereis not enough money tobuildadequatehousesfor thepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________ the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies orother (33) __________ So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________ proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and (35)__________ parents and starving children.

Part ⅡIReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

As an Alaskan fisherman, Timothy June,54, used to think that he was safe from industrial pollutants(污染物) at his home in Haines--a town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles,with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early , June agreed to take part in a 36 of 35 Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in which people's blood and ur/ne (尿) were tested for 37 of chemicals--in this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household 38 like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The

results--39 in November in a report called”Is It in Us?“ by an environmental group--were rather worrying. Every one of the participants,40 from an minois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all three classes of pollutants. And while the 41 presence of these chemicals does not 42 indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at all 43 June and his fellow participants.

Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that don't 44 there. A large, ongoing study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages.

And in , the Environmental Working Group found an 45 of 200 chemicals in the blood of 10 new-borns.”Our babies are being born pre-polluted,“ says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which cosponsored ”Is It in Us?This is going to be the next big environmental issue after climate change.“

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A． analyses

B． average

C． belong

D． demonstrated

E．excess

F． extending

G． habitually

H． necessarily

I． products

J． ranging

K． released

L． shocked

M． simple

N． survey

O． traces

Section B

In Hard Economy for All Ages, Older Isn't Better... It's Brutal

[A] Young graduates are in debt, out of work and on their parents' couches. People in their 30s and 40s can't afford to buy homes or have children. Retirees are earning near-zero interest on their savings.

[B] In the current listless (缺乏活力的) economy, every generation has a claim to having been most injured. But the Labor Department's latest jobs reports and other recent data present a strong case for crowning baby boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的人) as the greatest victims of the recession and its dreadful consequences.

[C] These Americans in their 50s and early 60s--those near retirement age who do not yet have access to Medicare and Social Security--have lost the most earnings power of any age group, with their household incomes 10 percent below what they made when the recovery began three years ago, according to Sentier Research, a data analysis company. Their retirement savings and home values fell sharply at the worst possible time: just before they needed to cash out. They are supporting both aged parents and unemployed young-adult children,earning them the unlucky nickname ”Generation Squeeze.“

[D] New research suggests that they may die sooner, because their health, income security and mental well-being were battered (重创) by recession at a crucial time in their lives. A recent study by economists at Wellesley College found that people who lost their jobs in the few years before becoming qualified for Social Security lost up to three years from their life expectanv'y (预期寿命), largely because they no longer had access to affordable health care.

[E] Unemployment rates for Americans nearing retirement are far lower than those for young people, who are recently out of school, with fewer skills and a shorter work history. But once out of a job, older workers have a much harder time finding another one. Over the last year, the average duration of unemployment for older people was 53 weeks, compared with 19 weeks for teenagers, according to the Labor Department's jobs report released on Friday.

[F] The lengthy process is partly because older workers are more likely to have been laid off from industries that are downsizing, like manufacturing. Compared with the rest of the population, older people are also more likely to own their own homes and be less mobile than renters, who can move to new job markets.

[G] Older workers are more likely to have a disability of some sort, perhaps limiting the range of jobs that offer realistic choices. They may also be less inclined, at least initially, to take jobs that pay far less than their old positions.

[H] Displaced boomers also believe they are victims of age discrimination, because employers can easily find a young, energetic worker who will accept lower pay and who can potentially stick around for decades rather than a few years.

[I]In a survey of older workers who were laid off during the recession, just one in six had found another job, and half of that group had accepted pay cuts.14% of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job. ”I just say to myself: 'Why me? What have I done to deserve this?'“ said John Agati,56, whose last full-time job, as a product developer, ended four years ago when his employer went out of business. That position paid $90,000, and his resume lists jobs at companies like American Express, Disney and USA Networks. Since being laid off, though, he has worked a series of part-time, low-wage, temporary positions, including selling shoes at Lord & Taylor and making sales calls for a car company.

[J] The last few years have taken a toil not only on his family's finances, but also on his feelings of self-worth. ”You just get sad,“ Mr. Agati said. ”I see people getting up in the morning, going out to their careers and going home. I just wish I was doing that. Some people don't like their jobs, or they have problems with their jobs, but at least they're working. I just wish I was in their shoes.“

He said he cannot afford to go back to school, as many younger people without jobs have done. Even if he could afford it, economists say it is unclear whether older workers like him benefit much from more education.

[K] ”It just doesn't make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older,“ said Daniel Hamermesh, an economics professor.”Discrimination by age, long-term unemployment, and the fact that they're now at the end of the hiring queue just don't make it sensible to invest in them.“

[L]Many displaced older workers are taking this message to heart and leaving the labor force entirely. The share of older people applying for Social Security early rose quickly during the recession as people sought whatever income they could find. The penalty they will pay is permanent, as retirees who take benefits at age 62 will receive as much as 30% less in each month's check for the rest of their lives than they would if they had waited until full retirement age (66 for those born after 1942).

[M] Those not yet qualified for Social Security are increasingly applying for another, comparable kind of income support that often goes to people who expect never to work again: disability benefits. More than one in eight people in their late 50s is now on some form of federal disability insurance program, according to Professor Mark Duggan at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School.

[N] The very oldest Americans, of course, were battered by some of the same ill winds that tormented(折磨) those now nearing retirement, but at least the most senior were cushioned by a more readily available social safety net. More important, in a statistical twist, they may have actually benefited from the financial crisis in the most fundamental way: longer lives.

[O] Death rates for people over 65 have historically fallen during recessions, according to a November study by economists at the University of California, Davis. Why? The researchers argue that weak job markets push more workers into accepting relatively undesirable work at nursing homes, leading to better care for residents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Greater mobility puts younger people at an advantage in seeking new jobs.

47. Many of the older workers laid off during the recession had to accept lower pay in their new jobs.

48. Those who lose their jobs shortly before retirement age live a shorter-than-average life.

49. Seniors at nursing homes could benefit from the weak job market.

50. Age discrimination in employment makes it pointless retraining older workers.

51. According to recent reports and data analyses, boomers suffer most from the weak economy.

52. Unemployed boomers are at a disadvantage in job-hunting because employers tend to hire younger workers.

53. People in their fifties and early sixties bear the heaviest family burdens.

54. People who take benefits from Social Security before official retirement age will get much less for the rest of their lives.

55. Older workers' choice of jobs can be limited because of disability.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked'A．,B．, C． and D．.

You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车的) passengers on those shining blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up riders at their expense?

At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program.”It's getting more people on the road,“ he said. James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option for people to ease into biking in a city famed for its traffic jams and aggressive drivers.”They can try out a bike without committing to buying one,“ he said.

Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles. But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90％ since Citi Bike was rolled out last month.

Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.

However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop.”People have used the bike- share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves,“ he noted.

Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially he was concerned about bike-share, though, he admitted, ”I was happy to see people on bikes.“

Farrell's early concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second Ave. ”It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement,“ Crooks said of Citi Bike. He saidhe worried about inexperienced riders' lack of awareness of bildng rules and strong negative reaction from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell ff his business has been impacted.

While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?

A． How non-cyclists will respond to it.

B． Whether local bike shops will suffer.

C． Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.

D． How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.

57. What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike-share program?

A． It found its bike sales unaffected.

B． It shifted its business to rentals.

C． It saw its bike sales on the rise.

D． It rented more bikes to tourists.

58. Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?

A． It cannot meet the demand of the bike-share program.

B． Its customers have been drawn away by Citi Bikes.

C． Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.

D． It has to compete with the city's bike rental shops.

59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike-share program would be difficult to execute?

A． Inexperienced riders might break biking rules.

B． Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.

C． Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.

D． There are not enough lanes to accommodate the bikes.

60. What is the general attitude of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?

A． Wait-and-see.

B． Negative.

C． Indifferent.

D． Approving.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and , staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.

Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.

A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the sldlls they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.

Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.

Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the underperforming students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.

A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for worldng outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay,difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.

Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. Women's liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about a gradual decline in the quality of schooling.

Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent ac~ustments,and introduce bureaucratic (官僚的) standard for advancement. Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more admires” trators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education--as all the accumulating evidence now documents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

61. What do we learn from various studies on America's public education?

A． Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.

B． Public schools-lack the resources to compete with private schools.

C． Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.

D． The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers.

62. How do some people explain the decline in public education?

A． Government investment does not meet schools' needs.

B． Skilled students are moving to private schools.

C． Qualified teachers are far from adequately paid.

D． Training of students' basic skills is neglected.

63. What was a significant contributor to the past glory of public schools?

A． Well-behaved students.

B． Efficient admirestration.

C． Talented women teachers.

D． Generous pay for teachers.

64. Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?

A． New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.

B． Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.

C． They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.

D． The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.

65. What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?

A． Increasing emphasis on theories of education.

B． Highly standardized teaching methods.

C． Students' improved academic performance.

D． An ever-growing number of administrators.

Part IVTranslation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。，中国约有4．2亿网民(netizen)，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

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英语四级历年写作常用句型总结

一、开头

1. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

2. Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... .

4. What calls for special attention is that...

5. There’s no denying the fact that...

6. what’s far more important is that...

7. It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

8. It is well-known that…

9. Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

10. According to a recent survey, ...

11. With the rapid development of ..., ...

二、结尾

1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

2. In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.

4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

5.Taking all these into account, we ...

6. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

7.All things considered, ...

8.It may be safely said that...

9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

10. It can be concluded from the discussion that...

11. From my point of view, it would be better if...

三、表比较

1. The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

2. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

5. For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

6. Like anything else, it has its faults.

7. A and B has several points in common.

8. However, the same is not applicable to B.

9. A and B differ in several ways.

10. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

四、表原因

1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

6. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

7. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

8. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

9. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...

10. But the fundamental cause is that ...

五、表结果

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...

4. Its consequence can be so great that...

六、表反驳

1. It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.

2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.

3. Many of us have been under the illusion that...

4. It makes no sense to argue for ...

5. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...

6. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

七、表证明

1. No one can deny the fact that ...

2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.

3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...

4. Recent studies indicate that ...

5. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

6. According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...

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