普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷
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篇1:普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷
第一卷
第一部分:听力理解(略)
第二部分:知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
从每题所给的`A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例:It’s nice to hear from her again. ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not
答案是D
21. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ______ of them came.
A. neither B. either C. none D. both
22. -What’s that terrible noise
-The neighbors _______ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
23. My advisor encouraged _______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
24. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”
A. This is &n
篇2:普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文北京卷
语 文(北京卷)
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷4至7页,共150分。考试时间150分钟。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:
1.考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
2.答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写,用2B铅笔将准考证号对应的信息点涂黑。
3.答题卡上第Ⅰ卷必须用2B铅笔作答,将选中项涂满涂黑,黑度以盖住框内字母为准,修改时用橡皮擦除干净。第Ⅱ卷必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共30分)
一、本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分。
1.下列词语中,字形和加点字的读音全都正确的一项是
A.摩擦力 供认不悔 对称(chèn)穷源溯(shuò)流
B.一拉罐 转弯抹角 隽永(jùn)令人发(fà)指
C.纪传体 多难兴邦 叨扰(tāo)一气呵(hē)成
D.化装品 整齐划一 倾轧(zhà)囤(tún)积居奇
答案:C
解析: A项应为“供认不讳”、“穷源溯流(sù);B项应为“易拉罐”、隽永(juàn);D项应为“化妆品”、“倾轧(yà)”
2.下列句子中,加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是
A.在积极应对自然灾害的同时,人们强烈感受到吸取经验教训的重要性,希望在未来的日子里能防患于未然。
B.军事专家认为极超音速导弹是反恐战争中非常有价值的“猎杀者”,一旦锁定目标,恐怖分子就无地自容了。
C.设计人员必须严格执行上级部门的有关决议,“创意”只能在规定范围以内驰骋,不能信马由缰,这是设计人员起码的职业操守。
D.双方无论研究方法多么不同,只要根本目标不相悖,就总有殊途同归的日子,在认识事物的过程中有这样的分歧是正常的。
答案:B
解析:防患于未然:防止事故或祸害于尚未发生之前。无地自容:没有地方可以让自己容身。形容非常羞愧。信马由缰:比喻漫无目的地游荡。也比喻无主见,随外力而转移。殊途同归:通过不同的途径,到达同一个目的地。比喻采取不同的方法而得到相同的结果。
3.下列句子中,没有语病的一句是
A.记者近日发现,公园晨练的老年人中流行一种由松树精华做成的“神仙茶”,对这种带点儿树皮味的绿色茶剂赞不绝口。
B.挪威国宝级乐队“神秘园”将再度来京演出,实现了外国演出团在京演出超过7次的记录,在其演出的艺术历程中也是唯一的一次。
C.连年亏损的美国《新闻周刊》正待价而沽,境内外华人都鼓动中国人出手收购,将这份引以为豪的美国期刊经营权收入囊中。
D.报告指出,中国及印度的一些跨国公司眼下正不遗余力地开拓国际市场,新加坡、俄罗斯等则紧随其后,国际市场的竞争格局在发生变化。
答案:D
解析:A主语不明;B“实现……记录”搭配不当;C用词不当,“待价而沽”比喻有才干之人等到有人赏识重用时才肯出来效力。
A.《楚辞》是屈原、宋玉等人作品的总集,这些作品具有浓厚的楚地色彩,屈原的长诗《离骚》是其中的代表作。
B.白居易的《长恨歌》《琵琶行》是具有感伤色彩的叙事诗,他的《新乐府》则反映了较强的批判现实的精神。
C.《堂吉诃德》是意大利小说家塞万提斯创作的长篇小说,堂吉诃德这个人物形象既是滑稽的又是发人深省的。
D.举世公认的文学经典《哈姆雷特》,写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父复仇的故事,该剧是莎士比亚四大悲剧之一。
答案:C塞万提斯是西班牙小说家。
5.下列依次在①②③处填入的词语和句子,语意和衔接都恰当的一项是
白莲水库是群山中的一座大型水库,最大的一条干渠通向山脚下的白莲浦, ① 着那里的苍生万物。白莲水库的水是绿蓝绿蓝的, ② ,触须沿途四散, ③ 着白莲浦方圆几十里的农田。
A. ①滋养 ②流到渠里就一路变成白色游龙 ③浸润
B. ①养育 ②变成白色游龙就一路流到渠里 ③浸渍
C. ①养育 ②流到渠里就一路变成白色游龙 ③浸润
D. ①滋养 ②变成白色游龙就一路流到渠里 ③浸渍
答案:A
二、本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分。阅读下面文言文,完成6-9题。
宋清,长安西部药市①人也,居善药。有自山泽来者,必归宋清氏,清优主之。长安医工,得清药,辅其方,辄易雠②,咸誊清。疾病H疡者,亦皆乐就清求药,冀速已。清皆乐然响应。虽不持钱者,皆与善药,积券如山,未尝诣取直③。或不识,遥与券,清不为辞。岁终,度不能报,辄焚券,终不复言。市人以其异,皆笑之曰:“清,蚩妄人也。”
或曰:“清其有道者欤?”清闻之曰:“清逐利以活妻子耳,非有道也。然谓我蚩妄者,亦谬。”
清居药四十年,所焚券者百数十人,或至大官,或连数州,受俸博,其馈遗清者相属于户。虽不能立报,而以赊死者千百,不害清之为富也。清之取利远,远故大,岂若小市人哉!一不得直,则怫然怒,再则骂而仇耳。彼之为利不亦翦翦乎?吾见蚩之有在也。清诚以是得大利,又不为妄,执其道不废,卒以富。求者益众,其应益广。或斥弃沉废,亲与交;视之落然者,清不以怠遇其人,必与善药如故。一旦复柄用,益厚报清。其远取利皆类此。
吾观今之交乎人者,炎而附,寒而弃,鲜有能类清之为者。呜呼!清,市人也,今之交有能望报如清之远者乎?幸而庶几,则天下之穷困废辱得不死亡者众矣。柳先生曰:“清居市不为市之道,然而居朝廷、居官府、居庠塾乡党,以士大夫自名者,反争为之不已。悲夫!然则清非独异于市人也。”
(取材于柳宗元《宋清传》)
注:①市:买卖场所,后文也指经商、交易。②雠:这里指售出、成交。 ③直:价值,价钱。
6.下列语句中,加点的词的解释不正确的一项是
A.居善药 居:聚集,搜集
B.积券如山 券:借据,欠条
C.未尝诣取直 诣:前往
D. 终不复言 复:回答
答案:D(应为“再”)
7.下列各组语句中,加点的词意义和用法都相同的一组是
A. ①清优主之 ②不害清之为富也
B. ①市人以其异 ②清不以怠遇其人
C. ①清其有道者欤 ②执其道不废
D. ①其应益广 ②一旦复柄用,益厚报清
答案:D(A①代词,他们;②取独;B①因为;②用。C①难道;②他的
8.下列对文中语句的理解,不符合文意的一项是
A.其馈遗清者相属于户
那些等待宋清馈赠的人在门前排成了队
B.彼之为利不亦翦翦乎
他们的求利不也太短浅了吗
C.今之交有能望报如清之远者乎
现在的交往中有能像宋清那样从长远考虑回报的人吗
D.天下之穷困废辱得不死亡者众矣
天下那些穷困潦倒而还可以活下去的人就会多起来
答案:A那些等待回馈宋清的人在(宋清家)门前排成了队
9.下列的理解和分析,不符合文意的一项是
A.生意场的交往也不一定都是斤斤计较的,宋清就是一个例证。
B.宋清认为做生意不是为了赚钱,而是追求高尚的做人的境界。
C.计较蝇头小利不仅是一般商人的本性,也是某些士大夫的通病。
D.宋清与人交往不仅异于普通商人,也高于某些以士大夫自居的人。
答案:B
第二部分(123分)
三、本大题共4小题,共30分。
10.第二大题文言文《宋清传》中说“清之取利远,远故大”,意思是“宋清谋取利益放眼于长远,因为考虑长远所以获得的利益较大”。这概括了宋清经商的特点,请从文中举一例加以说明,并结合当下的社会生活谈谈自己对这一概括的领悟。(不少于200字)(10分)
11.用斜线(/)给下面短文画横线的部分断句。(5分)
孟子曰:“仁者如射,发而不中,反求诸身。”吾尝学射矣始也心志于中目存乎鹄手往从之十发而九失其一中者幸也。有善射者,教吾反求诸身,手持权衡,足蹈规矩,四肢百体,皆有法焉。一法不修一病随之病尽而法完则心不期中目不存鹄十发十中矣。
(取材于苏轼《仁说》)
答案:孟子曰:“仁者如射,发而不中,反求诸身。”吾尝学射矣,始也心志于中,目存乎鹄,手往从之,十发而九失,其一中者,幸也。有善射者,教吾反求诸身,手持权衡,足蹈规矩,四肢百体,皆有法焉。一法不修,一病随之。病尽而法完,则心不期中,目不存鹄,十发十中矣。
12.在横线处写出诗文原句(限选做其中4道题)。(8分)
①户庭无尘杂, 。 ,复得返自然。(陶渊明《归园田居》)
②或取诸怀抱,悟言一室之内; , 。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
③云销雨霁,彩彻区明。 , 。(王勃《滕王阁序》)
④苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。 , 。(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)
⑤雕栏玉砌应犹在, 。问君能有几多愁? 。(李煜《虞美人》)
⑥山映斜阳天接水, , 。(范仲淹《苏幕遮》)
答案:①虚室有余闲 久在樊笼里
②或因寄所托,放浪形骸之外
③落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色
④谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁
⑤只是朱颜改 恰似一江春水向东流
⑥芳草无情,更在斜阳外
13.阅读下面这首诗,完成①、②题。(7分)
古风(其三十九)
李白
登高望四海,天地何漫漫。霜被群物秋,风飘大荒寒。荣华东流水,万事皆波澜。白日掩徂晖①,浮云无定端。梧桐巢燕雀,枳棘②栖t鸾③。且复归去来,剑歌行路难。
注:①徂晖:落日余晖。②枳棘:枝小刺多的灌木。③t鸾:传说中与凤凰同类,非梧桐不止,非练实不食,非醴泉不饮。
①下列对本诗的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)
A.前四句,写诗人登高望远,看到天高地阔、霜染万物的.清秋景象,奠定了全诗昂扬奋发的基调。
B.诗中“荣华东流水”与李白《梦游天姥吟留别》中的“古来万事东流水”表达的意思有相似性。
C.七、八句借助于描写白日将尽、浮云变幻的景象,形象而含蓄地表达了诗人对世事人生的感受。
D.九、十句的意思是本应栖息于梧桐的t鸾竟巢于恶树之中,而燕雀却得以安然地宿在梧桐之上。
答案:A(非昂扬奋发)
②结合全诗,简述结尾“剑歌行路难”所表达的思想感情。(4分)
答案:对荣华易逝、世事多舛的人生境遇的感慨;对黑白颠倒、小人得志的社会现实的不满;对怀才不遇、壮志难酬的自身遭际的激愤;对权贵当道、才能之士被压抑的混乱现象的揭露。
四、本大题共2小题,共8分。阅读下面的文章,完成14、15题。
艺术和科学的共同基础是人类的创造力,它们追求的目标都包含着某种普遍性。
艺术,例如诗歌、绘画、音乐等,用创新的手法去唤起每个人的意识或潜意识中深藏着的、已经存在的情感。如李白在《把酒问月》中写道:“青天有月来几时?我今停杯一问之…… 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。古人今人若流水,共看明月皆如此。”而三百多年后,苏轼作了《水调歌头》:“明月几时有?把酒问青天……人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。在咏诵这些诗的时候,它们的相似之点和不同之处同样感动着读者。尽管李白、苏轼生活的时代和今天的社会已经完全不同了,但这些几百年乃至一千年前的诗在今天人们的心中仍然能够引发强烈的感情共鸣。
同样,我们现在阅读莎士比亚的著作,或者观赏莎士比亚的戏剧,不论是原文或译文,也有着和几百年前英国的读者和观众相似的情感共鸣。情感越珍贵,反响越普遍,跨越时空、社会的范围越广泛,艺术就越优秀。
科学,例如天文学、物理学、化学、生物学等等,对自然界的现象进行新的准确的抽象,这种抽象通常被称为自然定律。定律的阐述越简单、应用越广泛,科学就越深刻。尽管自然现象不依赖于科学家而存在,但对自然现象的抽象和总结却属于人类智慧的结晶,这和艺术家的创造是一样的。
在科学中,人们研究物质的结构,知道所有物质都是由分子、原子构成,原子又都由原子核和电子构成,原子核又由质子、中子组成,质子、中子又由夸克组成等。人们认识了物质的基本结构,进而去认识世界和宇宙。
科学技术的应用形式会不断发生新的变化,但其科学原理并不随这些应用而改变,这就是科学的普遍性。
在19世纪和20世纪之交,科学上有两个关键性的发现,它们看上去似乎有些神秘,与我们的日常生活无关。一个时迈克耳孙和莫雷在1887年做的光速实验,另一个是普朗克在19发现的黑体辐射公式。前者是爱因斯坦狭义相对论的实验依据,后者为量子力学奠定了基础。正是有了相对论和量子力学,20世纪的科技发展,如核能、原子物理、分子束、激光、X射线技术、半导体、超导体、超级计算机等,才得以存在。因此,科学原理应用越广泛,在人们社会生活中的表现形式也越多样化。
(取材于李政道的文章《楔》
14.下列说法符合文意的一项是(3分)
A.人类意识或潜意识中深藏着的情感是人类创造力的基础。
B.举李白、苏轼作品为例,表明体裁不同的作品也能引起人的共鸣。
C.科学的深刻性及其应用的广泛性,与其定律阐述的简单性成反比。
D.相对论与量子力学推动了核能等20世纪新科学的发展。
答案:D
15.根据文意,简要说明艺术和科学所追求的普遍性分别是什么。(5分)
答案:①艺术追求的是人类情感的普遍性,优秀作品能跨越时空引起人们深层的情感共鸣。②科学追求的是原理的普遍性,应用的广泛也反映了科学原理的普遍性。
五、本大题共4小题,共25分。阅读下面的作品,完成16-19题。
海棠花
①早晨到研究所去的路上,抬头看到人家的园子里正开着海棠花,缤纷烂漫地开成一团。这使我想到自己故乡院子里的那两棵海棠花,现在想也正是开花的时候了。
②我虽然喜欢海棠花,但却似乎与海棠花无缘。自家院子里虽然就有两棵,但是要到记忆里去搜寻开花时的情景,却只能搜到很少几个断片。记忆中最深刻的是一个黄昏,在家南边一个高崖上游玩,向北看,看到一片屋顶,其中纵横穿插着一条条的空隙,是街道。虽然也可以幻想出一片海浪,但究竟单调得很。可是在这一片单调的房顶中却蓦地看到一树繁花的尖顶,绚烂得像是西天的晚霞。当时我真有说不出的高兴,其中还夹杂着一点渴望,渴望自己能够走到这树下去看上一看。于是我就按着这一条条的空隙数起来,终于发现,那就是自己家里那两棵海棠树。我立刻跑下崖头,回到家里,站在海棠树下,一直站到淡红的花团渐渐消逝到黄昏里去,只朦胧留下一片淡白。
③但是这样的情景只有过一次,其余的春天我都是在北京度过的。北京有许多机会可以作赏花的韵事,但是自己却很少有这福气。我只到中山公园去看过芍药,到颐和园去看过一次玉兰。至于海棠,不但是很少看到,连因海棠而出名的寺院似乎也没有听说过。北京的春天是非常短的,最初还是残冬,可是接连吹上几天大风,再一看树木都长出了嫩绿的叶子,已经是夏天了。
④夏天一来,我就又回到故乡去。院子里的两棵海棠已经密密层层地盖满了大叶子,很难令人回忆起这上面曾经开过团团滚滚的花。晚上吃过饭后,就搬了椅子坐在海棠树下乘凉,从叶子的空隙处看到灰色的天空,上面嵌着一颗一颗的星。这时候,自己往往什么都不想,只让睡意轻轻地压上眉头。等到果真睡去半夜里再醒来的时候,往往听到海棠叶子OO@@地直响,知道已经下雨了。
⑤似乎这样的夏天也没有能过几个。六年前的秋天,当海棠树的叶子渐渐地转成淡黄的时候,我离开故乡,来到了德国。一转眼,在这个小城里,就住了这么久。我们天天在过日子,却往往不知道日子是怎样过的。以前在一篇什么文章里读到这样一句话:“我们从现在起要仔仔细细地过日子了。”当时颇有同感,觉得自己也应立刻从即时起仔仔细细地过日子了。但是过了一些时候,再一回想,仍然是有些捉摸不住,不知道日子是怎样过去的。到了德国,更是如此。我本来是下定了决心用苦行者的精神到德国来念书的,所以每天除了钻书本以外,很少想到别的事情。可是现实的情况又不允许我这样做。而且祖国又时来入梦,使我这万里外的游子心情不能平静。就这样,在幻想和现实之间,在祖国和异域之间,我的思想在挣扎着。不知道怎样一来,一下子就过了六年。
⑥哥廷根是有名的花城。来到这里的第一个春天,这里花之多。就让我吃惊。家家园子里都挤满了花,五颜六色,锦似的一片。但是我却似乎一直没注意到这里也有海棠花。原因是,我最初只看到满眼繁花。多半是叫不出名字,因而也就不分什么花什么花,只是眼花缭乱而已。
⑦但是,真像一个奇迹似的,今天早晨我竟在人家园子里看到盛开的海棠花。我的心一动。仿佛刚睡了一大觉醒来似的,蓦地发现,自己在这个异域的小城里住了六年了。乡思浓浓地压上心头,无法排解。
⑧在这垂尽的五月天,当心里填满了忧愁的时候,有这么一团十分浓烈的乡思压在心头,令人感到痛苦。同时我却又爱惜这一点儿乡思,欣赏这一点儿乡思。它使我想到:我是一个有故乡和祖国的人。故乡和祖国虽然远在天边,但是现在他们却近在眼前。我离开他们的时间愈远,他们却离我愈近。我的祖国正在苦难中,我是多么想看到他呀!把祖国召唤到我眼前来的,似乎就是海棠花,我应该感激它才是。
⑨晚上回家的路上,我又走过那个园子去看海棠花。它依旧同早晨一样,缤纷烂漫地开成一团。它似乎一点也不理会我的心情。我站在树下,呆了半天,抬眼看到西天正亮着同海棠花一样红艳的晚霞。
1941年5月29日 德国哥廷根
(取材于季羡林的同名散文)
16.下列对文章的理解,正确的两项是(4分)
A.文章串联起作者生命中从故乡到异域的一些片段,运用了首尾照应寓情于物的手法。
B.第②段写作者故乡单调的房顶及同样单调的海景,凸显出家中海棠花晚霞般的绚烂。
C.作者虽然十分渴望“从现在起要仔仔细细地过日子”,但在实际生活中却未能如愿。
D.上世纪30年代赴德国留学的作者始终用苦行者的精神钻研学问,以致无暇顾及海棠花。
E.文章写于第二次世界大战期间,反映了作者对战争年代德国社会现实的思考与省察。
答案:A、C(B无中生有,没有写海景;C现实的情况又不允许我用苦行者的精神钻研学问;E“对战争年代德国社会现实的思考与省察”文中没有体现。)
17.通读全文,回答下面问题。(7分)
①文章第②段开头说“我虽然喜欢海棠花,但却似乎与海棠花无缘”,作者与海棠花真的是“无缘”吗?为什么?(3分)
答案:并非无缘。文中的一些片段看似与海棠花无缘,但海棠花最终唤醒了作者浓烈的乡思,使“有缘”构成了文章的归结点。
②简要分析“海棠花”在文中所起的作用。(4分)
答案:海棠花构成了文章的行文线索。海棠花寄托了作者的乡思,升华了作者的爱国情感。
18.第⑤段画线部分状写了作者怎样的心境?这与下文有什么关联?(4分)
答案:状写了作者挣扎在幻想和现实、祖国和异域之间,无法获得安宁的心境。
对心境的描写为下文作者被海棠花唤醒思乡之情作了心理与情感的铺垫。
19.第⑧段“故乡和祖国虽然远在天边,但是现在他们却近在眼前。我离开他们的时间愈远,他们却离我愈近”一句传达了作者对于“距离”的怎样的体验?试结合你的成长记忆或读过的文学作品谈谈自己对这一距离体验的感受。(不少于200字)(10分)
六、本大题共1小题,共60分。
20.作文(60分)
请以“仰望星空与脚踏实地”作为题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章。除诗歌外,文体不限。
宋清传/戴文和译
宋清,他是长安西边药场的人。储存有好的药材,有从深山大泽采药来的人,一定会把药材送到宋清这里来,宋清总是好好地招待他们。长安的医生得到宋清的药材来辅助配合药方,往往容易有效,大家都称赞宋清。那些生了病、头痛、皮肤痛的人们,也都乐于向宋清求药,希望病好得快些,宋清总是高高兴兴地答应他们的要求。即使是有些没带钱的人来,宋清也都给他好的药材。债券、欠条堆积得像山一样地高,宋清不曾跑去向他们收帐。或者有些他不认识的人,打从远方来,拿债券赊欠,宋清并不拒绝对方。到了年终的时候,宋清估计(大概对方)不能还债了,往往就把债券、欠条给烧掉,最后就不再多说话。
市场上的一般人因为宋清的奇特,大家都笑他说:「宋清,真是个大白痴啊!」也有人说:「宋清大概是个有道的人吧!」宋清听了后说:「我宋清只是个赚赚钱来养活妻小的人罢了,并不是个有道的人;然而说我是个大白痴的人也错了。我买卖药材四十年了,所烧掉的债券、欠条有数十到数百人,他们有的人做了大官,有的人管理好几州大的地方,他们的俸禄好多好多,他们要送礼物给我的人真是不绝于户。我虽然不能立刻得到他们的回报,(甚至)即使赊欠到死的人成千上百,也不妨碍我宋清成为富有的人啊!我赚钱取利是看得长远,因为长远,所以能成就广大的利益,那里像一般的小商人呢?偶尔要不到债,就勃然变色、大为愤怒,接着就相互詈骂而成为仇人。他们的赚钱取利,不是很肤浅很狭隘吗?依我看来,真正的白痴,大有人在啊!」
宋清实在是因为这个样子而获得大利,又不胡作非为,保持这样的作风而不停止,最后也因此而富有。来向他求药的人愈来愈多,他应人之求也就愈来愈广。有些被斥责抛弃、沉沦颓废的人,亲戚朋友冷漠地对待他们,宋清不会因为这样就怠慢地对待对方,也一定像平常那样给他好的药材。这些人一旦再度掌权用事,就会更加地优厚报答宋清。宋清赚钱取利看得长远,大都像这个样子。
我观察现今一般人与人交往,在对方得势的时候就拚命去附从,而在对方失势的时候就翻脸抛弃,很少有人能像宋清这样的作为了。世俗上的话,大家都只会说「交友像做买卖的『市道交』」。唉!宋清是个商人,现今一般人与人交往,有能像宋清那样希望回报、看得久远的人吗?如果幸运地出现了几个人的话,那么天底下那些贫穷困顿、被人废弃被人屈辱而能够不死的人就多了,(这么说来,)「市道交」又那里可以少呢?
篇3:高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之三
高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之三
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之三p; B. Going My Way?
C. Fun All the Way?
D. Help on the Way?
D
Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch , and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted(替换)a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of“something permanence, ”while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
68. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. babies’sense of sight
B. effects of experiments on babies
C. babies’understanding of objects
D. different tests on babies’feelings
69. In Paragraph 3,“object permanence”means that when out of sight, an object ________.
A. still exists B. keeps its shape
C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach
70. What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair. B. A screen. C. A film. D. A box.
71. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.
E
How Long Can People Live?
篇4:高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之一
高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之一
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之一B
It was a warm April day when a big fat envelope came in the mail from the only college I had ever imagined attending. I tore open the packet. My eyes were fixed on the word “congratulations. ”I don’t remember ever smiling so wide.
Then I looked at my financial(财政的)package.
The cost of Dream School’s tuition(学费), room and board was around $ 40,000- an impossible sum! How could I afford to attend? What good reasons did I have to go there when three other fine colleges were offering me free tuition? My other choices were good, solid schools even if they weren’t as famous as my first choice.
In my mind, attending my dream university would be the only way to realize my dream of becoming a world-class writer. My parents understood how I felt. They told me that even though it would be a financial problem, I could go wherever I would be happiest. But as I was always careful with money, I wasn’t sure what to do.
One of the schools that offered me a full ride had an informational dinner one night in the spring. Considering my parents’ financial difficulties, I decided to drive the 45 minutes and attend. At first, all I had planned to do was smile politely, eat free food, listen quietly. But I surprised myself.
At dinner the president of the university talked about the wonderful activities on campus (校园)including guest lectures and social gatherings. He also made it perfectly clear that free food would be offered at all future events. He continued with explanations of professors, class sizes, activities, and sporting events on campus. As he spoke, I began to realize that this school, though not as good as my first choice, might be the best one for me. It seemed small yet with many great programs. It seemed challenging yet caring.
As the president ended his speech, we clapped politely and pushed back our chairs. As I walked out that door, a feeling of comfort washed over me. Looking at the campus that night, I realized that I would be spending the next four years right there.
In all honesty, my university is not as well-known as my “dream”university. However, it turned out to be the right choice of schools for me.
59. How did the author feel when he started to read the letter?
A. He was full of joy.
B. He was lost in his dream.
C. He was worried about the money.
D. He was uncertain which school to go to.
60. We can learn from the passage that the parents were _________.
A. honest B. strict C. supportive D. decisive
61. In Paragraph 5, “offered me a full ride”can be replaced by “_______”.
A. would pay for transport to the school
B. would show me around the campus
C. would offer free meals at all events
D. would charge me nothing for tuition
62. What does the author mainly want to say?
A. Your second-choice college may actually by your best fit.
B. You should consider comfort in your choice of schools.
篇5:高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之二
高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之二
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之二>
C. You should try your best to attend your dream school.
D. Your choice of schools should be based on their fame.
C
It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That’s more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty.
“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛)going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder. ”
But Hyde couldn’t go after him. Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders, so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident. But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove, hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car. As it turned out, keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult. Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene.
Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination (目的地). At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn’t needed. Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about.
“Just about that time, ”Hyde says, “I saw fire coming out from under that car, with blue smoke and oil going everywhere. He’d blown his engine. Now he had to stop. ”
“After I arrested him, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn’t have a driver’s license(执照). ”
That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty-a thousand dollars for the new engine-not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving.
63. The meaning of “panicked”in Paragraph 2 is related to _____.
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
64. Why did the driver of the Firebird suddenly speed down the highway?
A. Because he was racing with another driver on the road.
B. Because he realized he had to hurry to the accident scene.
C. Because he thought the police officer wanted to stop him.
D. Because he wanted to overtake other cars on the shoulder.
65. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Someone else was taking care of the injured person.
B. The Pontiac reached its destination at the accident scene.
C. Hyde knew where he was going by following the right car.
D. The policeman was running after a speeder on Highway 40.
66. The driver of the Firebird ______.
A. took a wrong turn on the way
B. had some trouble with his car
C. was stopped by the police officer
D. paid for the expenses of the accident
67. What is probably the best title for the article?
A. Losing His Way?
&nbs
篇6:高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之四
高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之四
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之四She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday.
When it comes to long life, Jeanne Calment is the world’s recordholder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span(寿命)? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150-or beyond?
Researchers don’t entirely agree on the answers. “Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn’t surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135, ”says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas.
Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. “People can live much longer than we think, ”he says. “Experts used to say that humans couldn’t live past 110. When Calment blew past that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can’t we go higher? ”
The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it’s all just guessing. “Anyone can make up a number, ”says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. “Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine. ”
Won’t new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centuries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, “adding another 50 percent would get you to 120. ”
So what can we conclude from this little disagreement among the researchers? That life span is flexible(有弹性的), but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of Washington. “We can get flies to live 50 percent longer, ”he says. “But a fly’s never going to live 150 years. ”Of course, if you became a new species (物种), one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds.
Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve (进化)their way to longer life? “It’s pretty cool to think about, ”he says with a smile.
72. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?
A. People can live to 122.
B. Old people are creative.
C. Women are sporty at 85.
D. Women live longer than men.
73. According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas, ______.
A. the average human life span could be 110
B. scientists cannot find ways to slow aging
C. few people can expect to live to over 150
D. researchers are not sure how long people can live
74. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guess at longevity?
A. Jerry Shay.
B. Steve Austad
C. Rich Miller
D. George Martin
75. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120.
B. The average human life span cannot be doubled
C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before.
D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species
第二卷(共35分)
第四部分:书面表达(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 情景作文(满分20分)
篇7:高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷1之六
高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷1之六
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷1之六B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint.
D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
57. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
58. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to ______.
A. show off their land
B. keep their land
C. turn their place into a graveyard
D. build their homes around the poles
篇8:高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之五
高中英语语法-普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之五
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷 2之五某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查,结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动,并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。
生词:图表 chart
>
第二节 开放作文(满分15分)
请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
Xiao Ming tells you that he had 100 yuan yesterday morning, which he put into the pocket of his jacket. He spent 40 yuan yesterday afternoon. But now when he reaches into the pocket of his jacket, he finds only 10 yuan.
He is wondering what has happened to the rest of the money. As his friend, you suggest to him three or four different possibilities concerning the missing money.
答案:
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. A
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. B
41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. C
51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. D 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. C
61. D 62. A
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