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形近词比较

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“chen6154”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇形近词比较，下面是小编整理后的形近词比较，欢迎大家阅读借鉴，并有积极分享。

形近词比较

篇1：形近词比较

形近词比较

语文出版社 [实用语文规范知识小词典]

黯然、暗然与岸然 “黯然”，指“阴暗的样子”，也用来指

“心里不舒服，情绪低落的样子”。可构成“黯然无光、黯然失色、

黯然泪下、黯然神伤”等词语。“黯”读àn，不读yīn，也不读hē

i。“黯然”不能写作“暗然”。“暗然”不是一个词。“暗”有

“光线不足、黑暗”的意思，与“黯”在意义上有某些相似之处，

所，人们常将“黯然”误写成“暗然”。“岸然”是个词，指“严肃

的样子”，可构成“道貌岸然、态度岸然”等词语。因“岸”与2

“黯”同音，所以，也要注意别将“黯然”误写成“岸然”或将“岸

然”误写成“黯然”。

BBP机和BB机 BP机指一种无线传呼机，BP是beeper（用嘟

嘟声发送信号的一种装置）的缩写。例如：“BP机在我国‘抢滩登

陆’的时间是在1985年前后，首先是在沿海地带，用户不超过4

000户。最早配备BP机的是一批生意人，特别是个体经营户。”

（《经济日报》1992年6月26日）“记得几年前，我头回见识

BP机，惊惊咋咋问人家：这是什么？现在这玩意儿空前地普及了，成

了一种时尚，犹如金利来，犹如富贵猫，犹如皮尔卡丹。”（《文

汇报》1993年11月16日）“BP机”一词中的B和P两个字母很

容易读错。有人曾把BP机读成或写作BB机，并将BB解释为“哔哔”

的呼叫声，这有点穿凿附会，以讹传讹。例如：“513房间内剧组

负责人史启新主任正在接电话，他腰间的BB机‘滴滴滴’作响，还有

几位来人等着和他研究剧务。”（《经济日报》1990年1月20

日）“BB机这玩意儿已经成了时髦的象征。电影院里，公共汽车上，

谁的腰里发出‘吱-吱-’声，那‘派’、那‘潮’，确使不少年轻

人动心。”（《北京晚报》1990年7月5日）因此，《现代汉语

词典》修订本在所附的“西文字母开头的词语”中，立了BP机，不立

BB机。

把字句使用“把”字句应该注意的是：一、一般地说，

“把”字句中的动词要有“处置”的意思，这个动词在意念上必须管

得着“把”后边的词语。如“他把房间收拾得干干净净”，“收拾”

的处置对象是“房间”。二、“把”字后边的对象必须是定指的、已

知的，不能是不定指的、未知的，所以前面常常带“这、那、这些、

那些、哪些”之类的修饰语，如“把这（那）支钢笔带上”。有时虽

然不用3这些修饰语，但是说的人是必须有明确所指的。如上课时老

师说“把书打开”，这里的“书”是大家都明确知道的什么书。表示

不定指的宾语的句子是不能用“把”字句的，如我们可以说“带上一

支钢笔、把桌上的三本书拿来”，不能说“把一支钢笔带上、把三本

书拿来”。三、“把”字句里，除戏曲或诗歌中可以用“把楼上、把

话拉、把歌唱”之外，动词的前后总有些别的词语，一般不能只用一

个光秃秃的动词，尤其是单音节动词。如我们不能说“我把情况

谈”，但可以这样说：“我把情况谈了、我把情况谈谈、我把情况谈

一下、我把情况仔细地谈了、我把情况谈了一半”。少数有结果意义

的动补式双音节动词，如“解决、延长、克服”等的前后，有时可以

不带别的词语，如“力争尽快把问题解决、坚决把困难克服”。四、

“把”字后面的词语应该尽量跟相关的.动词靠近，尤其不能用副词

（主要是否定词）或能愿动词把它们隔开。如我们可以说“他们没有

把教室打扫干净、大家不应该把困难留给别人、我们愿意把灿烂的青

春献给祖国的教育事业”，这里的“没有、不应该、愿意”都不能直

接放在动词“打扫、留、献”前。

报道与报导这是一对等义词。都指：一、通过报纸、杂志、

广播电视或其他形式把新闻告诉群众。二、用书面或广播、电视形式

发表的新闻稿。现在人们倾向于用“报道”。二者的读音不同。“报

道”读bàodào，“报导”读bàodǎo。注意使用时不要将“报道”误

读作bàodǎo，把“报导”误读作bàodào。

暴发和爆发两个词都是动词，都含有“突然发作”的意思，

但二者的使用范围有所不同，“爆发”的使用范围比“暴发”宽。暴

发：（一）指突然发财或得势，多含有贬义。例如：“前几年，他靠

投机倒把成了暴发户，没想到这几年摇身一变，成了农民企业家。”

“他很善于走上层路线，果然没几年就暴发起来。”（二）指突4然

发作，多用于山洪、大水或疾病等具体事物。例如：“河上本来有一

座小桥，山洪暴发时，被冲毁了。”“大水退走后，又暴发了一场传

染病。”爆发：（一）指因爆炸而迅猛发生，多用于具体事物。例

如：“这一带的火山正处在活跃期，随时都有爆发的危险。”（二）

指像爆炸那样突然地发生，多用于抽象事物，如革命、起义、运动等

重大事变，再如力量、情绪等等。例如：“1927年秋，爆发了一

场农民革命。”“人们的愤怒不可遏止地爆发了。”“他的话音刚

落，会场上就爆发出了雷鸣般的掌声。”

倍一倍是跟原数相等的数。增加了一倍是原数乘以2。一个

数的几倍，是用几乘以这个数的结果，例如3的一倍是3，3的两倍

是6，3的三倍是9。“事半功倍”的“倍”是加倍的意思。“勇气

倍增”等的“倍”虽然不一定指准确的加倍，也还是指用于增加方面

的。“倍”不用于减少方面，例如“课时减少了一半”不能说成“课

时减少了一倍”。下面的用法也是不对的：“会议次数压缩两倍”

“用它一次洗32条床单只需半小时，比同类洗衣机时间省一倍。”

篇2：GRE词汇精选高频形近词

101. dismiss / remiss

remiss: If someone is remiss, they are careless about doing things which ought to be done. (FORMAL)

102. contend / consent / constant / content / contempt

contend: If you have to contend with a problem or difficulty, you have to deal with it or overcome it.

If you contend that something is true, you state or argue that it is true.(FORMAL)

If you contend with someone for something such as power, you compete with them to try to get it.

consent: If you give your consent to something, you give someone permission to do it. (FORMAL)

contempt: If you have contempt for someone or something, you have no respect for them or think that they are unimportant.

103. hunch / bunch / crunch

hunch: If you have a hunch about something, you are sure that it is correct or true, even though you do not have any proof of it.(INFORMAL)

crunch: If something crunches or if you crunch it, it makes a breaking or crushing noise, for example when you step on it.

If you say that something will happen if or when it comes to the crunch, you mean that it will happen if or when the time comes when something has to be done.

104. gauche / gaudy

gauche: If you describe someone as gauche, you mean that they are awkward and uncomfortable in the company of other people.

gaudy: If something is gaudy, it is very brightly-colored and showy.

105. meritorious / meretricious

meritorious: If you describe something as meritorious, you approve of it for its good or worthwhile qualities. (FORMAL)(联系merit)

meretricious: If you describe something as meretricious, you disapprove of it because although it looks attractive it is actually of little value. (FORMAL)

106. blithe / lithe

blithe: You use blithe to indicate that something is done casually, without serious or careful thought.

lithe: A lithe person is able to move and bend their body easily and gracefully.(=supple)

107. enclose / disclose

disclose: If you disclose new or secret information, you tell people about it.

108. compliment / complement

compliment: A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.

complement: If one thing complements another, it goes well with the other thing and makes its good qualities more noticeable.

109. austere / astute

austere: If you describe something as austere, you approve of its plain and simple appearance.

astute: If you describe someone as astute, you think they show an understanding of behavior and situations, and are skilful at using this knowledge to their own advantage.(机敏;狡猾)

110. pretentious / tendentious / contentious

tendentious: Something that is tendentious expresses a particular opinion or point of view very strongly, especially one that many people disagree with. (FORMAL)

contentious: A contentious issue causes a lot of disagreement or arguments. (FORMAL)

篇3：GRE词汇精选：高频形近词

1. impudent / imprudent

impudent: very rude

imprudent: not wise or sensible: not prudent

2. insolent / indolent / redolent

insolent: rude or impolite

indolent: not liking to work or be active

redolent: causing thoughts or memories of something

3. witty / witting

witty: funny and clever

witting: cognizance / news

4. discernible / discerning

discernible: able to be identified as separate and distinct

discerning: able to see and understand people, things, or situations clearly

and intelligently

5. exhaustive / exhausted

exhaustive: including all possibilities: very thorough

exhausted: be tired out or worn out

6. aver / avert / averse / avow / advent /advert

aver: to say something in a very strong and definite way

avert: to prevent (something bad) from happening

averse: having an active feeling of repugnance or distaste

avow: to declare or state (something) in an open and public way

advent: second coming

advert: announcement; notification

7. feckless / reckless

feckless: weak and ineffective; worthless;irresponsible

reckless: not showing proper concern about the possible bad results of your actions

8. mean / mien

mien: a person’s appearance or facial expression

9. humdrum / conundrum

humdrum: dull, boring, and ordinary

conundrum: a confusing or difficult problem

10.immune / immure / inure

immure: to enclose within or as if within walls

inure: to cause (someone) to be less affected by something unpleasant

篇4：GRE词汇精选高频形近词

111. causal / caustic

caustic: A caustic remark is extremely critical, cruel, or bitter. (FORMAL)

112. slight / blight / plight / delight

113. fret / flat / flag

fret: If you fret about something, you worry about it.

114. daunt / haunt / vaunt / flaunt / saunter / gaunt

daunt: If something daunts you, it makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it.

vaunt: If you describe something as vaunted or much vaunted, you mean

that people praise it more than it deserves. (FORMAL)

flaunt: If you say that someone flaunts their possessions, abilities, or qualities, you mean that they display them in a very obvious way, especially in order to try to obtain other people's admiration.

saunter: If you saunter somewhere, you walk there in a slow, casual way.

gaunt: If someone looks gaunt, they look very thin, usually because they have been very ill or worried.

115. morbid / moribund / mordant

morbid: If you describe a person or their interest in something as morbid, you mean that they are very interested in unpleasant things, especially death, and you think this is strange.

moribund: If you describe something as moribund, you mean that it is in a very bad condition. (FORMAL)

mordant: Mordant humor is very critical and often mocks someone or something. (FORMAL)

116. tepid / torpid / turbid / turgid / timid / intrepid /

tepid: If you describe something such as a feeling or reaction as tepid, you mean that it lacks enthusiasm.

torpid: If you are torpid, you are mentally or physically inactive, especially because you are feeling lazy or sleepy. (FORMAL) (= lethargic)

turgid: If you describe something such as a piece of writing or a film as turgid, you think it is boring and difficult to understand.

timid: Timid people are shy, nervous, and have no courage or confidence in themselves.

intrepid: An intrepid person acts in a brave way.

117. proliferate / prolific / prolix / profligate

proliferate: If things proliferate, they increase in number very quickly. (FORMAL)

prolific: A prolific writer, artist, or composer produces a large number of works.(?产的)

prolix: using too many words.

profligate: Someone who is profligate spends too much money or uses too much of something. (FORMAL)

118. doubtable / redoubtable

redoubtable: If you describe someone as redoubtable, you respect them because they have a very strong character, even though you are slightly afraid of them.

119. impair / repair

120. obtrude / obtuse

obtrude: When something obtrudes or when you obtrude it, it becomes noticeable in an undesirable way. (LITERARY)(强?)

obtuse: Someone who is obtuse has difficulty understanding things. (FORMAL)

篇5：GRE词汇精选高频形近词

121. substantiate / substantial / substance

substantiate: To substantiate a statement or a story means to supply evidence which proves that it is true. (FORMAL)

substantial: Substantial means large in amount or degree. (FORMAL)

122. rebuke / rebuff

rebuke: If you rebuke someone, you speak severely to them because they have said or done something that you do not approve of. (FORMAL)(责骂)

rebuff: If you rebuff someone or rebuff a suggestion that they make, you refuse to do what they suggest.

123. scatter / spatter

spatter: If a liquid spatters a surface or you spatter a liquid over a surface, drops of the liquid fall on an area of the surface.

124. tether / feather

tether: If you say that you are at the end of your tether, you mean that you are so worried, tired, and unhappy because of your problems that you feel you cannot cope.

To ruffle someone's feathers means to cause them to become very angry, nervous, or upset.

125. meander / demeanor

demeanor: Your demeanor is the way you behave, which gives people an impression of your character and feelings. (FORMAL)

126. myopia / myriad

myopia: Myopia is the inability to see things properly when they are far away, because there is something wrong with your eyes. (FORMAL)( =short-sightedness)

myriad: Myriad means having a large number or great variety.

127. disposition / predisposition

disposition: Someone's disposition is the way that they tend to behave or feel.(=nature)

A disposition to do something is a willingness to do it. (FORMAL)(=inclination)

predisposition: If you have a predisposition to behave in a particular way, you tend to behave like that because of the kind of person that you are or the attitudes that you have. (FORMAL)

128. accede / cede / recede / access

accede: If you accede to someone's request, you do what they ask.(FORMAL)

recede: If something recedes from you, it moves away.

129. congenial / congenital / genial /genesis

congenial: A congenial person, place, or environment is pleasant.(FORMAL)

congenital: A congenital characteristic or feature in a person is so strong that you cannot imagine it ever changing, although there may seem to be no reason for it.(= incorrigible)

genial: Someone who is genial is kind and friendly.

genesis: The genesis of something is its beginning, birth, or creation.(FORMAL)

130. figment / pigment

figment: If you say that something is a figment of someone's imagination, you mean that it does not really exist and that they are just imagining it.

pigment: A pigment is a substance that gives something a particular color.(FORMAL)

篇6：GRE词汇精选高频形近词

139.put something. to rest 解决，处理

Definition: to settleor finish, especially a question or discussion

Example: Their smilingfaces put to rest any rumors of an impending separation between the couple.

140.make demands on 需要

Definition: require somethingof someone

Example: Her homeworkfrom school makes considerable demands on her time at night.

141.short notice 临时通知

Definition: quicklyand without a timely notification of other people

Example: He called themeeting on such short notice that we had no time to prepare.

142.devoid of 没有

Definition: havingnone of

Example: I wentsearching for a knife, but the kitchen was devoid of anything sharp.

143.put something at stake 把..处于险境

Definition: To risksomething

Example: Because hewas a reckless gambler, he was willing to put a lot of large amount of money atstake.

144.border on 邻近，近乎

Definition: to be verynear to a particular quality

Example: His bizarrebehavior at the party scared the guests and borders on the insane.

145.at the root of ..的原因，..的真相

Definition: to be thecause of something

Example: He believesthat his student’s lack of interest in this class lies at the root of his recentdrop in performance.

146.in light of 根据，鉴于

Definition: because ofa particular fact

Example: In light ofyour good driving record, we’ve decided to overlook this minor traffic offense.

147.snap up 抢购，把..抢到手

Definition: toimmediately take advantage of an opportunity

Example: By 10o’clock, most of the best holiday discounts in the store had been snapped up.

148.shore up 支持，巩固

Definition: to givesupport or help to something that is having problems or is likely to fail

Example: He called foraction to shore up the ailing university by reaching out to private donors andwealthy alumni.

149.rule out 排除

Definition: to stopconsidering something as a possibility

Example: Theinvestigators ruled out their prime suspect after he was proven to be out ofthe country at the time of the crime.

篇7：GRE词汇精选：高频形近词

11. enjoin / adjoin

enjoin: to direct or order (someone) to do something; to prevent (someone) from doing something

adjoin (of a building, room, area of land, etc. ): to be next to or joined with something

12.abjure / adjure

abjure: to reject (something) formally

adjure: to urge or command (someone) to do something

13.bypass / surpass / impasse / impassive

bypass: to avoid or ignore (someone or something) especially to get something done quicker

impasse: a situation in which no progress seems possible

impassive: not showing emotion

14.pertinacious / tenacious

pertinacious: adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design; stubbornly tenacious

tenacious: very determined to do something

15.endanger / engender

engender: to be the source or cause of something

16.intellectual /intelligible / intelligent

intelligible: able to be understood

17.perquisite / prerequisite

perquisite: gratuity, tip

prerequisite: something that you officially must have or do before you can have or do something else

18.passionate / dispassionate

dispassionate: not influenced or affected by emotions

19.precocity / preciosity

precocity: the phenomenon of a child showing the qualities or abilities of an adult at an unusually early age

preciosity: fastidious refinement

20.apprehend / reprehend / comprehend

apprehend: to notice and understand (something); (of police) to arrest (someone)

reprehend: the voice disapproval of: censure

篇8：GRE词汇精选：高频形近词

21.hearten / hearken

hearten: to cause (someone) o feel more cheerful or hopeful

hearken: listen; to give respectful attention

22.enchant / chant

enchant: to attract and hold the attention of (someone) by being interesting, pretty, etc.

chant: to say (a word or phrase) many times in a rhythmic way usually loudly and with other people

23.rant / cant / scant / dent

rant: to talk loudly and in a way that shows anger

cant: tilt

scant: very small in size or amount

dent: to make (something) weaker

24.pithy / filthy

pithy: using few words in a clever and effective way

filthy: very dirty; very evil

25.coerce / coarse

coerce: to make (someone) do something or get (something) by using force or threats

26.liberal / literal

literal: completely true and accurate: not exaggerate

27.modest / moderate

28.anomaly / analogy

analogy: a comparison of two things based on their being alike in some way

29.lucid / pellucid

lucid: very clear and easy to understand

pellucid: very clear

30.enigma / stigma

enigma: someone or something that is difficult to understand or explain(迷)

stigma: a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a society or group of people have about something

篇9：GRE词汇精选高频形近词

131. faction / fiction / factitious / fictitious

faction: A faction is an organized group of people within a larger group, which opposes some of the ideas of the larger group and fights for its own ideas.

e.g. A peace agreement will be signed by the leaders of the country's warring factions.

factitious: produced by humans rather than by natural forces

fictitious: Fictitious is used to describe something that is false or does not exist, although some people claim that it is true or exists.

132. calamity / calumny

calamity: A calamity is an event that causes a great deal of damage, destruction, or personal distress. (FORMAL)(=disaster)

calumny: Calumny or a calumny is an untrue statement made about someone in order to reduce other people's respect and admiration for them. (FORMAL)(=slander)(污蔑，诽谤(的话))

133. team / teem

teem: If you say that a place is teeming with people or animals, you mean that it is crowded and the people and animals are moving around a lot. (=swarm)

134. callow / callous

callow: A callow young person has very little experience or knowledge of the way they should behave as an adult.

callous: A callous person or action is very cruel and shows no concern for other people or their feelings.

135. contrite / contrive / connive

contrite: If you are contrite, you are very sorry because you have done something wrong. (FORMAL)(= apologetic)

contrive: If you contrive to do something difficult, you succeed in doing it. (FORMAL)

connive: If one person connives with another to do something, they secretly try to achieve something which will benefit both of them.

136. discrete / discreet

discrete: Individually separate and distinct:

discreet: Careful and prudent in one’s speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment:

137. impressive / impressionable

impressionable : easily influenced

篇10：GRE词汇精选：高频形近词

41. rife / strife / stifle

rife: If you say that something, usually something bad, is rife in a place or that the place is rife with it, you mean that it is very common.

strife: Strife is strong disagreement or fighting. (FORMAL)

stifle: If someone stifles something you consider to be a good thing, they prevent it from continuing.(=repress)

If you stifle your natural feelings or behavior, you prevent yourself from having those feelings or behaving in that way.(=suppress)

42. retrench / entrench

retrench: If a person or organization retrenches, they spend less money. (FORMAL)

entrench: If something such as power, a custom, or an idea is entrenched, it is firmly established, so that it would be difficult to change it.

43. pejorative / prerogative

pejorative: A pejorative word or expression is one that expresses criticism of someone or something. (FORMAL)

prerogative: If something is the prerogative of a particular person or group, it is a privilege or a power that only they have. (FORMAL)

44. patent / latent / salient / valiant

latent: Latent is used to describe something which is hidden and not obvious at the moment, but which may develop further in the future.

salient: The salient points or facts of a situation are the most important ones. (FORMAL)

valiant: A valiant action is very brave and determined, though it may lead to failure or defeat.

45. imminent / preeminent / prominent / eminent

imminent: If you say that something is imminent, especially something unpleasant, you mean it is almost certain to happen very soon.

preeminent: If someone or something is pre-eminent in a group, they are more important, powerful, or capable than other people or things in the group. (FORMAL)

prominent: important.

46. loutish / outlandish

loutish: If you describe a man or a boy as loutish, you are critical of them because their behavior is impolite and aggressive.

47. sprout / spout / flout / pout / tout

sprout: start to grow

spout: A spout of liquid is a long stream of it which is coming out of something very forcefully.( = jet)

If you say that a person spouts something, you disapprove of them because they say something which you do not agree with or which you think they do not honestly feel.

flout: If you flout something such as a law, an order, or an accepted way of behaving, you deliberately do not obey it or follow it.

pout: If someone pouts, they stick out their lips, usually in order to show that they are annoyed or to make themselves sexually attractive.

tout: If someone touts something, they try to sell it or convince people that it is good.

If someone touts for business or custom, they try to obtain it. (mainly BRIT)

48. flout / flaunt

flout - 蔑视

49. apt / opt / adept / adapt / adopt

opt: If you opt for something, or opt to do something, you choose it or decide to do it in preference to anything else.

apt：(1) 合适的(2)有倾向的(3) 聪敏的

50. swift / sift / rift / drift / thrift

sift: If you sift through something such as evidence, you examine it thoroughly.

rift: A rift between people or countries is a serious quarrel or disagreement that stops them having a good relationship.

swift - 快速的

thrift - 节约的

drift - 漂移

篇11：GRE词汇精选：高频形近词

31. censure / censor / census / consensus

censure: officially strong criticism

consensus: a general agreement about something

32. mount / surmount / paramount / amount / tantamount

surmount: to deal with (a problem or a difficult situation) successfully; to be placed at the top of something

tantamount: equal to something in value, meaning, or effect

33. defy / defer/ deter

defer: put off, delay, postpone

deter: to prevent (something) from happening

34. spur / spurn / spurious / spurt

spurn: to refuse to accept (something or someone that you do not think deserves your respect, attention, affection, etc.)

spurious: not genuine sincere, or authentic

spurt: to gush forth

35. disparage / disparate

disparage: to describe (someone or something) as unimportant, weak, bad, etc.

disparate: different from each other

36. aesthetic / aseptic / ascetic / anesthetic

aseptic: free from germs that cause disease

ascetic: relating to or having a strict and simple way of living that avoids physical pleasure

anesthetic: a drug that causes a person to lose feeling and to feel no pain in part or all of the body

37. ostensible / ostentatious

ostensible: seeming or said to be true or real but very possible not true or real

ostentatious: an unnecessary display of wealth, knowledge, etc., that is done to attract attention, admiration, or envy

38. perspicuous / perspicacious

perspicuous: clear, apparent

perspicacious: having or showing an ability to notice and understand things that are difficult or not obvious

39. willful / willed / willing

willful: refusing to change your idea or opinion; done deliberately

willed: deliberate

40. forbear / forebear

forbear: to avoid doing or saying (something)

forebear: a member of your family in the past

篇12：GRE词汇精选高频形近词精选整合

150.a priori 未经观察分析地，既定地

Definition: intuitively known without examination or analysis

Example: There's no a priori reason to think your expenses will remain the same in a larger city.

151.ad hoc 临时安排的

Definition: done onlywhen needed for a specific purpose, without planning or preparation

Example: To keep thepolice force on the streets, the mayor and the city council made an ad hocdecision to increase the salaries of law enforcement officers by ten percent.

152.bona fide 真正的

Definition: Honest;genuine; acting without the intention of defrauding

Example: In order toreceive a refund for your returned purchase, you will need to show the salesclerk a bona fide receipt for the item.

153.percapita 每人，按人分配的

Definition: based oncalculations that show the average amount for each person affected

Example: The country’srecent wealth was indicated by a rise in per capita income.

154.status quo 现状

Definition: thepresent situation, or the way that things usually are

Example: The newcompany president has plans to change the status quo and turn the business intoa new organization.

155.viceversa 反之亦然

Definition: theopposite of what has been said

Example: Should I cometo your house for dinner or vice versa?